David IV - Knowledge (XXG)

2736: 417: 796: 1210:, which was entirely and directly dependent on the king. In addition, the feudal militias were abolished, once again reinforcing central power. In addition to these measures, the king divided the army into two other fundamental parts: one consisting of garrisons charged with protecting towns and fortresses, and the other making up the basic army that "campaigned constantly, both in winter and summer". Troop discipline was also ensured through humiliation for cowardice and rewards for heroism. What's more, as the economy recovered, the Georgian population grew and the royal authorities were able to mobilize on a larger scale. 787:. Under the terms of the treaty, David IV agreed to honestly pay the tribute established under his father's reign in exchange for a total cessation of Seljuk raids. This did not, however, stop certain Turks, whose troops were massacred by Georgian units, while the Turkomans established in the countryside were gradually expelled from the country, allowing the Georgians to return to their villages. Little by little, the conditions of local social life improve, reviving the national economy and increasing the population. By 1099 David IV's power was considerable enough that he was able to refuse paying tribute to the Turks. 994: 56: 1579:. The central power then asked each family to provide at least one soldier to the Georgian army. However, the Kipchaks, who are hardly accustomed to a sedentary life and loyal to a single character, find themselves in a new landscape which they take to be hostile. This is how, until his death, David IV survived several assassination attempts and coups organized by certain Kipchak groups. But this hardly changes the situation of the new arrivals and thanks to these negotiations, the reform of the army is completed and the Georgian troops now number nearly 60,000 men. 1994: 1524:

personally led a campaign against Alania, quickly took all the fortresses of the country and forced the Alans to swear allegiance to him. Taking both Ossetian and Kipchak hostages, he managed to negotiate a lasting peace between the two peoples and returned to the kingdom of Georgia with nearly 40,000 Kipchak families (nearly 200,000 individuals), led by Otrok, after having recovered and secured the fortresses of the Greater Caucasus, but leaving behind George of Chqondidi, who died during the negotiations in Alania.

2529: 2065:, thus restoring the latter to the status it had before the Arab conquest of the 7th century. The recovery of Tbilisi guarantees a cultural renewal in the city, whose Christian religious buildings are being enlarged. David the Builder also built several noble palaces and cultural centers, such as an important palace built especially to serve as a place of study and inspiration for Muslim poets. However, the situation in the city has not calmed down. During the following years, several bloody clashes between 256: 2594: 1754: 1187:(High Council of State), which included the highest dignitaries of the Church, such as the Catholicos-Patriarch and the superiors of the major monasteries, and the Saadjo kari (literally, "Court of Petitions"), a kind of Supreme Court headed by the Mtsignobartukhutsesi-Chkondideli to "defend the oppressed and humiliated" and to which the king personally came to dispense justice. Finally, the king's reforms ended with a change in the military establishment. 2657:

to meet their needs. He himself came to see them, questioned them, kissed them one after the other, lavished on them the tender care of a father, complimented them, encouraged them to be patient, arranged their clothes, their clothes with his own hands. beds, their mattresses, their dishes, and all their utensils; gave everyone abundant alms, animated their supervisors and put their affairs in the most beautiful order, following the spirit of religion.

728: 1742: 1629: 599: 2735: 1492:. However, this alliance did not last and no sign of bilateral relations appeared during the following decade. But soon, as Georgia began its new campaigns against the Seljuks, the king did not hesitate to appeal to his father-in-law for military aid. Indeed, the Kipchaks were then renowned in the region for their bravery, agility and ferocity in combat, but were also caught in a conflict on two fronts, one being against 6103: 2689: 1224: 927: 3026: 1528: 1436:, understanding that despite the encouraging signs of a total defeat of the Seljuk forces, the Georgian army must be considerably reinforced to achieve this goal. The royal administration, now led by Simon of Chqondidi since the death of George, devoted the year 1119 exclusively to establishing a new strategy against the Turks, while establishing the 1198:, the general decline in the economy had been accompanied by a significant fall in the population and an increase in the arbitrariness of the great feudal lords, leading to a deterioration in the quality of the Georgian army by undermining the discipline of the troops. David IV, considering the future wars he would have to wage against the 2293:. In May 1124, Georgian troops led by David the Builder entered southern Transcaucasia and within a few days captured many Armenian strongholds, such as the fortresses of Gagni, Teronakal, Kavazani, Norbed, Manasgonmni and Talinjakari. The following month, the king, after returning to Georgia proper, resumed his journey and crossed the 2317: 985:, were similarly severely punished after rebellions, and their domains added to the royal estates. Thus, David takes important initiatives to strengthen his power. He also dismissed the dignitaries chosen by his predecessors because of their titles and replaced them with loyal advisors generally from the lower nobility. 1168:, the monarch's political adviser, was thus confirmed in his position, and his successors to the episcopal see were also appointed viziers at the royal court. Other officials reporting to the king were also appointed to head each branch of the administration. Thus, from the reign of David IV, there was a 171: 2656:

He had yet another thought, following the example of the good God, gentle and merciful, loving men; it was to build a hospice, in a beautiful and suitable place, where he gathered his brothers afflicted with various illnesses, provided for all their needs, with generous lavishness and assigned income

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Already in June 1121, David IV had put the city of Tbilisi under siege but was content with a formal allegiance with an annual tribute, in view of the upcoming war against the Turkish invaders. Once the Seljuks were defeated, the sovereign focused on the capture of Tbilisi from the beginning of 1122.

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Soldiers of Christ! If we fight bravely for our Faith, we will defeat not only the devil’s servants, but the devil himself. We will gain the greatest weapon of spiritual warfare when we make a covenant with the Almighty God and vow that we would rather die for His love than escape from the enemy. And

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managed to convince Otrok to donate several thousand Kipchak troops to fight against the Seljuks. But despite this agreement, the Kipchaks were unable to reach Georgia due to the war against the Alans. The latter not letting David IV return to his kingdom with the reinforcements, the Georgian monarch

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were forced to retreat despite their numerical superiority, allowing the Georgians to multiply such attacks. Soon, these maneuvers bring the enemy to such a degree of excitement and disorientation that they make him lose composure. At this moment, David IV launched a new attack, which turned into a

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To expel the Turks from his territories, King David begins by reorganizing an army whose morale is at its lowest due to its numerous defeats; he then formed several small military detachments composed of the lower nobility and peasants coming from the royal domains. Soon, dozens of such detachments

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in the 19th states that David succeeded George upon his death, a number of surviving documents suggest that George died around 1112, and that although he retained the royal title until his death, he played no significant political role, real power having passed on to David. Moreover, David himself

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from Muslim domination dating back several centuries. Georgia's enemies found themselves decisively defeated, preventing them from retaliating against the northern Christian advance, while the Crusades raged in the west of the Turkic world. However, there remains a last Islamic enclave within the

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became an integral part of local organized societies, with Georgian and social terminologies of Georgian origin being introduced. Politically, David IV decided to strengthen the influence of his kingdom in the North Caucasus by making regional sovereigns his vassals and by controlling the routes

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script, has traditionally been considered to be that of David IV. Although there are no clear and reliable indications that David was indeed buried in Gelati and that the present epitaph is his, this popular belief had already been established by the mid-19th century as evidenced by the French

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that Byzantine Empire and the Kingdom of Georgia joined forces against the Seljuks. But this alliance could hardly be felt politically due to the considerable weakening of the Byzantine Empire against the Seljuks, to whom Georgia had to submit. The liberation from Turkish suzerainty over the

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Having learned of the declaration of jihad by Mahmud II, David IV understood that the defeat of such an army would lead to the total liberation of the Caucasus and, therefore, the completion of the political goal of the Georgian ruler. In turn, he assembled a large army, composed of 40,000

2931:, he offered the Turco-Mongol emir a coat of mail of precious work having belonged to David the Builder, following which Timur, appreciating this present, frees the king and makes him his favorite. More recently, the memory of David IV was revived in 1995 during the inauguration speech of 1140:. Indeed, not only did the council deprive the nobility fighting against the central power of an influential ally, the Church, but it also spiritually purified the kingdom and greatly contributed to the national consolidation of a country whose national identity is mainly based on 2903: 1789:(r. 1118–1131), formally requesting military support against the Georgian forces. The Muslim monarch, fed up with the victories won by an increasingly powerful Christian kingdom while the Crusaders already found themselves powerful enemies of the Turks in the west, then declared 938:

After putting an end to Turkish incursions and reestablishing the traditional feudal system, David IV decided to strengthen central power before embarking on more important projects. Indeed, just after the recovery of the Georgian economy, a large part of the nobility, including

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at the expense of the Georgian population, causing the collapse of the local feudal system. Contemporary historiography reports that at the advent of David the Builder, inland Georgia no longer had a rural population, the inhabitants all having taken refuge in local citadels.

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occurred, and even the royal power failed to calm inter-religious dissensions. At the same time, David IV decided to preserve some of the institutions of the former emirate of Tbilisi. Thus, the post of emir was retained, but as governor of the city, until the 18th century.

1733:, crossed the river towards Khunan and organized military incursions against the Turks stationed at Barda and Arabia in June. The Muslims, according to Georgian historiography, were then “reduced to the brink” by a long series of costly defeats for more than ten years. 1147:

Another consequence of ecclesiastical reform was the de facto subordination of the Church to the State. However, the king had to ensure this by taking further steps towards reform. Thus, David IV decided to centre this plan around the function of a single man: the

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in a hard fight which ended in a decisive victory for Georgia. The Georgian Chronicles relate that, not believing in such a simple victory, the king remained there until the next day, waiting for a new Seljuk response, and only then realized the Seljuk defeat.

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invaders was not assured. To this end, the monarch developed a plan aimed at the unification of the Caucasian peoples under his scepter. Assisted by his closest advisors, the Georgian sovereign began by establishing solid relations with the numerous tribes of

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there by sponsoring the construction of Georgian churches among local peoples, and developed the economies of these peoples by participating in the founding of urban communities and the introduction of the system feudal Georgian in the region. Moreover,

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David's chronicler claimed that "he knew the deeds better than any other king" because he was enthralled with theology, astrology, and history, and he brought his books with him on campaign. It seems that he read both Persian poetry and the Qur'an.

2202:. He soon dethroned his own son-in-law, establishing him in Georgia and directly annexing the region. This act allows Georgia to reach its greatest extent since the beginning of its history. Indeed, for the first time Georgia extended from the 855:

in the 1190s, however, changed events and led David IV to pursue a new policy against Byzantium. This mixes closer cooperation, while putting itself on the same political level as the empire and opposing the Byzantines on certain subjects.

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are an important source not only on the course of the reign of David IV the Builder, but also on the private life of the Christian king, reporting his activities and personality. According to these, David IV is a very pious king following

2972:. In addition, a university named after the former king was opened in 1991. One can also find an important avenue in the Georgian capital named after David IV of Georgia. A military decoration is finally dedicated to the Georgian king. 1285:. Knowing of the approach of Turkish troops, David IV left his home at Nacharmagevi with a personal guard of only 1,500 men and set out to meet the invaders during the night. The two armies, clearly unequal, clashed the next day at the 839:, each of these states interferes in the internal affairs of the other by openly or secretly supporting candidates for the throne, usurpers or, in the case of the Byzantine strategy, nobles recalcitrant against the power of the king. 2983:

as well as by Western faiths. However, he was never canonized and his sanctification was the result of a historical and popular process. Cited as the protector of the Georgian nation, he is celebrated on January 24 in the West and

1718:, then impassable and thus separating eastern Georgia from its part Western. The Georgian troops attacked Khunan and engaged in bloody combat until the spring, and all the Turkish forces were expelled or massacred in March 1121. 2536:

Subsequently, David IV began to organize plans for new large-scale campaigns for the coming spring. However, the weakness caused by his illness and his age prevented him from continuing this project and he was forced to let his

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and returning to Georgia with large loads of gold, he returned to the region on May 7, 1120 and ravaged the country from Arbia-lizhatat to Khishtalanti and Kurdevan. At the same time, David IV managed to convince his vassal of

1136:, led only indirectly by David IV who, as a secular sovereign, could not take part in the internal affairs of the Church, adopted resolutions reflecting the will of the pious party. This act is considered a major event in 1907:

for the Muslim allies on the battlefield: suddenly, the vigor of the enemy army collapsed in the middle of the fight. The genius of Georgian strategy then defeated the power of numbers, bringing a decisive defeat to the

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and having concluded a temporary truce with the crusading Latins, as commander of these massive Muslim troops, whose numbers rose, d 'according to the sources, from 200,000 to 400,000 or even 600,000 soldiers.

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were created and a new strategy, consisting of surprise attacks on Muslim settlements, was developed. In some time, the monarch managed not only to stop the Seljuk incursions, but at the same time attacked the

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and reports the ferocity of his blows. Three of his horses died during the battle, but the monarch, mounted on his fourth horse, succeeded in drawing with his sword "a thickened and congealed mass of blood".

2355:, to the discontent of the local Christian population. The said representatives then offered the monarch the surrender of the city. Taking this opportunity in hand, David summoned all his armies and entered 361:), which is translated as "the Builder" (in the sense of "built completely"), "the Rebuilder", or "the Restorer", first appears as the sobriquet of David in the charter issued in the name of "King of Kings 396:, especially in the early period of their history, as the numbering of successive rulers moves between the many branches of the family. Scholars in Georgia favor David IV, his namesake predecessors being: 2081:. David IV finally decides to put an end to the existence of this State, just after having “settled the affairs of the country”. In March 1124, he managed to attack the last Muslim stronghold in Georgia, 946:

and Prince Niania Cakhaberisdze, pledged allegiance to the king. This act then represents a remarkable change in the face of the reactions of noble society towards previous kings, but remains ephemeral.

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as successor, transmitting to him the Georgian royal attributes, consisting of a crown of precious stones, a scimitar and purple kneepads and sleeves. The king was buried, following his request, in the

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to Armenia. The deliverance of North-Eastern Armenia in fact guarantees this power, reflected in the official title of the Georgian king: “King of Kings, of the Abkhazians, Iberians, Ranis, Kakhetians,

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to avoid another Georgian attack. However, he could not foresee the discontent of the nobility in his own country, who were unhappy with their sovereign's change of religion. In 1104, a plot led by the

2633:, with a similar relationship to God and to his people. His hymns also share the idealistic zeal of the contemporaneous European crusaders to whom David was a natural ally in his struggle against the 1932:, whose leaders were then seeking crucial aid against the Turks, and stories, sometimes exaggerated, of Didgori's victory were told in the royal courts of the West as a new hope against Muslim power. 2046:, managed to take the city in February and enters it to rid it of the Muslim elite. According to Arab historiography, David IV carried out a pillage on the first day of the conquest, devastating the 1652:. The Seljuks found out how far it was, they camped at Botora. The Seljuks set up camps to spend the winter. On February 14, David suddenly attacked the Seljuks and completely destroyed them at the 2554:. His tomb is placed, again according to his will, at the main entrance of this religious building that he had built, so that anyone coming to his beloved Gelati Academy stepped on his tomb first. 2467:

Despite his advanced age, David IV continued his military actions during the last years of his reign. For example, in April 1124, he took the town of Chabran after an attack against his vassal of

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states that his role model is King David IV; in commemoration of the country's national unity, Saakashvili organized an inauguration ceremony in the Gelati Cathedral where he was blessed by the

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David IV the Builder also engaged in important charitable activities. Indeed, he built hospitals in the country for the sick, which he took care of occasionally, as described in the chronicles:

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citadel and fortress capitulated to the approaching Georgian forces. Once the two new provinces had been integrated into the kingdom, the king appointed Arishiani as the governor of the region.

2677:. During these stays, the kingdom is administered by its faithful general Theodore. David IV is also fond of hunting and has vast territories for hunting deer and wild boar in his domains of 1124:

had lost its traditional values and suffered from numerous ills such as corruption or the hereditary transmission of high religious functions. Inspired by the ideas of the 11th century monk

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describes the event as a “palace revolution” involving several dignitaries in 1089. Other historians speak rather of pressure on the Georgian king with a view to his abdication instead of a

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Fighting against the Seljuks, Georgia and the Crusaders developed fairly friendly relations. A 13th-century anonymous Georgian author (conventionally known as the First Chronicler of Queen

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Georgian historiography today portrays David IV as a king that few Georgian sovereigns can match. In fact, the majority of current historians agree to qualify David as the most prestigious

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then offered the king the opportunity to regain control of his vassal province if he would let him leave in peace, but the monarch categorically refused and resumed his march towards the

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aligned themselves with the demands of the majority of his subjects to defeat the reactionary part of the ecclesiastical class and replace the subjects dishonest by virtuous priests. The

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Simon of Chqondidi take care of the affairs of the country. The long reign of thirty-four years of David IV the Builder ended abruptly on January 24, 1125. The king died in his capital

1376: 1259:, which was added to the royal domains, without a major battle. Following this capture, the Seljuks left a large part of their occupied territories, allowing Georgian troops to capture 1160:, to avoid a hereditary transfer of power. The reform of David IV thus combined the Mtsignobartukhutsesi with the bishopric of Chkondidi, the main religious entity in Georgia after the 711:

and central royal power, are being undermined, bringing a supposedly unified kingdom to the brink of destruction. Several historians compare the task of the young sovereign to that of

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Toria, Malkhaz; Javakhia, Bejan (2021). "Representing fateful events and imagining territorial integrity in Georgia: cultural memory of David the Builder and the Battle of Didgori".

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to the south. David therefore offers khan Otrok assistance against these two enemies in exchange for Kipchak support against the Turks and decides to go to the domains of this khan.

1952:(r. 1100–1118), with whom he exchanged numerous gifts as a sign of support. In addition, as stated above, a battalion of Latins composed of 200 to 1,000 men participated during the 637:. The contemporary chronicler of David IV limits himself to mentioning the change of power as a coronation of the young prince by his father, which pushes certain historians like 6277: 867:. At the same time, David definitively renounced Byzantium's political influence in Georgia by denying the Byzantine title of panhypersebastos, a distinction created by Emperor 1866:. The king decided to let the Turks penetrate into Georgia proper, with the idea of benefiting from the local geography, and finally intercepted the enemy on the roads linking 898:, to an imperial prince in 1116 is particularly notable. Some Georgian historians also note the assistance provided by Georgian agents accompanying Princess Kata's retinue in 2923:

The sovereigns succeeding David IV had great respect for him and his actions allowed him to maintain an international reputation for several decades: for example, while King

1016:(r. 1014-1027), thus depriving Georgia of a large part of its territories. Realizing that only war could help him in his plans, the king launched a short attack against King 416: 5734: 795: 2285:

was also one of the main factors breaking the backbone of Turkish power. This therefore allowed the king of Georgia to continue his momentum towards the south after the

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The king personally launches the attack, rushing his troops towards the attackers with a ferocity comparable to that of a "rambling monster". From the first attack, the

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if any one of us should wish to retreat, let us take branches and block the entrance to the gorge to prevent this. When the enemy approaches, let us attack fiercely!

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in 1083 when David was 10. The great noble houses of Georgia, capitalizing on the vacillating character of the king, sought to assert more autonomy for themselves;

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the Seljuks did not organized a campaign against Georgia. In 1110–1114, David IV did not conduct active military operations either. In 1115 while David IV was in

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again. Having once again learned of such an event, David IV decided to act more usefully and imprisoned him again until 1098, before permanently exiling him to

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Having become King at the age of 16, the young David IV found himself at the head of a kingdom having lost a large part of its initial territories of 1010. The

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Despite this conquest, the Muslim enclave, whose territory was greatly reduced following the loss of its administrative center, persisted in the middle of the

4232: 4203: 1714:. However, King David, having learned of the situation in the rest of his kingdom, rushed out of Abkhazia and ordered his soldiers to dig a passage through 6009: 2880:(r. 1223–1245). According to his contemporary biographer, his actions earned him the title of Builder upon his death. It is notably celebrated by the poet 3561: 910:

cooperated culturally for a certain period and we can thus see religious buildings constructed by bilateral efforts, such as the major renovation of the

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after learning of the arrival of the Georgian troops, prompting David IV to halt his advance, deeming it disrespectful to pursue a retreating army.

2916:" is given to regular citizens, military and clerical personnel for outstanding contributions to the country, for fighting for the independence of 1048:, Baram and their uncle Kavtar Baramisdze dethroned Aghsartan II and handed him over to David IV, who then had no need to resort to arms, as every 6087: 2985: 2625:), a sequence of eight free-verse psalms, with each hymn having its own intricate and subtle stanza form. For all their Christianity, cult of the 1694:

Taking advantage of the climatic conditions which had until then worked against them, the Turks in turn organized a large-scale offensive against

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clashed spiritually, with King David taking the title "ruler of the East and the West", thus claiming to have greater influence than Byzantium in

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Rewriting Caucasian history: the medieval Armenian adaptation of the Georgian chronicles; the original Georgian texts and the Armenian adaptation

1428:, David's grandfather, had taken three months to capture Agarani in the previous century. It was after this victory at Agarani that David IV and 1071:

against the Turks had already enabled David IV to challenge Muslim vassalage by ceasing to pay the annual tribute introduced in 1080. Thus, the

6302: 6092: 5727: 2816: 2805: 895: 1687:, in Shirvan. At the same time, David the Builder led short but effective campaigns in the southeast and notably took the Turkish bastions of 902:' takeover in 1118. This is why from the beginning of the reign of John II, relations between the two countries improved considerably and the 6058: 5524: 5339: 5213: 4912: 2841: 2621:

religion from an early age and continued throughout his life. David himself composed, c. 1120, "Hymns of Repentance" (გალობანი სინანულისანი,

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made crossing the river almost impossible at this time of year, the Seljuks soon returned to their positions south of the river and occupied

954:, organized a plot against David. He was informed of this and reacted by imprisoning the eristavi to make him a “wise man”, according to the 6282: 6082: 1004:

After reducing the power of the great rulers, King David IV decided to complete national unity. To achieve this, he had to reunite western

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now tried to assert their domination by trying to reduce the Muslim presence in the same region, this one being considered an ally of the

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principality under the Byzantine protectorate in 813, representatives of the dynasty had been granted various Byzantine titles such as

2741:"მე დავით უნარჩევესმან მონამან ჴელითა მონითა ქრისტესთა მან გავგზავნე წიგნი ესე მთას წმიდას სინას ვინც მოიხმარებდეთ ლოცვა ყავთ ჩემთვინ" 654:

had been a co-ruler with his father sometime before his becoming a king-regant in 1089; a document of 1085 mentions David as "king and

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Prince George, there is a reference to David's other possible son "Gorgi" (George, Giorgi) in the 13th-century Armenian chronicle of

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and other signs of the Islamization of the Georgian city, but soon calmed down. and, in the words of the 15th-century Arab historian

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Retrospectively, David the Builder has been variously referred to as David II, III, and IV, reflecting substantial variation in the

2339:, sent representatives to David IV on August 20, 1124, to the source of the Bojana. Indeed, Ani had been in Muslim hands since its 2022:, an enclave having lost all relations with other Muslim states since the start of King David's conquests. This corresponds to the 2700:"so that they be taught languages and bring home translations made by them there". Many of them later became well-known scholars. 2673:. It spends most of its winters until February in this latter region with a Mediterranean climate, notably in the coastal town of 1206:

as a basis for reforming his own army. David IV began by gathering together his most loyal warriors to form a personal guard, the

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Despite these signs, relations between Byzantium and Georgia also reached good levels. Thus, the marriage of David IV's daughter,

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Rapp, Stephen H. Jr. (2000). "Sumbat Davitʿis-dze and the Vocabulary of Political Authority in the Era of Georgian Unification".

5067: 2306: 1397:. David refused to listen to his nobles' advice to retreat and managed to avenge Beshken's death by defeating the Seljuks at the 1345: 832: 614:

and his father's numerous defeats against these invaders. Faced with such a situation, significant opposition arose against King

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David IV of Georgia has several monuments, buildings and streets named after him across Georgia. The Russian-Georgian sculptor

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David the Builder occupies a special place among the kings of the Georgian Golden Age in the period of the defense against the

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Besides Gelati there also were other cultural-enlightenment and scholarly centers in Georgia at that time, e.g. the academy of

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represent him in monk's clothing, which would mean that his abdication was forced. The historical tradition founded by Prince

566:", several provinces of Georgia became depopulated and George was forced to sue for peace, becoming a tributary of the sultan 55: 5877: 5636: 5599: 1822: 2754: 2696:

King David the Builder gave close attention to the education of his people. The king selected children who were sent to the

1797:) against Georgia and unifies a large Turkish army with detachments formed by the Seljuks of Turks coming from all over the 808: 65: 3030: 3018: 2954: 2762: 1420:

were captured by David IV, inaugurating the beginning of the conquest of Armenia by medieval Georgia, while the region of

1083:. The Seljuk army was annihilated by the Georgian troops, personally led by David IV, whose exploits are recounted in the 981:

Liparit is not the only great noble to have suffered the consequences of the king's plans. Several others, notably Dzagan

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in 1121. His reforms of the army and administration enabled him to reunite the country and bring most of the lands of the

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personally led the Georgian forces against the invader. Among the many commanders of the invading troops, only General

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Popularly considered to be the greatest and most successful Georgian ruler in history and an original architect of the

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is also felt in the Arab world, where the Georgian monarch's kindness to his Muslim subjects and his knowledge of the

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Already shortly after his divorce in 1107/08 from the Armenian princess Rusudan, David IV married the daughter of the

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David's father, George II, was confronted by a major threat to the kingdom of Georgia. The country was invaded by the

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from the Tskarostavi monastery; she is otherwise unattested. David bore the name of the biblical king-prophet, whose

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since the 1080s constituted an economic danger for the country, which was forced to recognize itself as a vassal of

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Mongol Caucasia: Invasions, Conquest, and Government of a Frontier Region in Thirteenth-Century Eurasia (1204–1295)

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nicknamed the two monarchs “brothers”. And, despite the competition in the religious field, the Byzantines and the

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a second Jerusalem of all the East for learning of all that is of value, for the teaching of knowledge – a second

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by establishing Georgian domination there, with a view to effective defense against the Turks. As seen above, the

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which began at the end of the 10th century, but henceforth gave the kingdom a regional reputation as protector of

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by leaving strong garrisons of soldiers there. In January 1125, shortly before his death, David once again faced

2386:

and his son Ivane. Armenian families (including many dispossessed nobles) subsequently established themselves in

2176: 2133: 1957: 1786: 1703: 1056: 1009: 428: 31: 6071: 2263: 1453: 871:(r. 1081-1118) for the family's closest allies. Additionally, the Georgian monarch decided to support the rebel 166: 6218: 5942: 5857: 2809: 2126: 1993: 1684: 1133: 1121: 1105: 831:

and Georgia have repeatedly clashed both diplomatically and militarily, particularly regarding the province of

340: 283: 242: 2920:

and its revival, and for significantly contributing to social consolidation and the development of democracy.

2511:. The latter, accompanied by Emir Davout ibn-Soukman of Hantzit, however failed to achieve a victory over the 2199: 6040: 5609:

Bedrosian, Robert (1997). "Armenian during the Seljuk and Mongol Periods". In Hovannisian, Richard G. (ed.).

4224: 4195: 667:

The arrival to power of David IV was welcomed by several factions of the country as a liberating sign of the

225: 6246: 5967: 5891: 5422:

Manuel de Généalogie et de Chronologie pour l'histoire de la Caucasie chrétienne (Arménie, Géorgie, Albanie)

4306: 2980: 2637:. Furthermore, the Armenian version of the Chronicles indicates the name of the king's confessor (who knows 2605: 2413:. The written tradition relates the borders of the Georgian world of the time, describing it as going from " 1965: 1961: 1341: 1278: 1184: 1084: 1028: 955: 903: 5451:

A history of the Georgian people; from the beginning down to the Russian conquest in the nineteenth century

2528: 1265: 943: 6077: 5957: 5947: 5793: 5704: 2790: 2546: 1949: 1356: 1277:

in 1110, sent a large army of 200,000 or 100,000 (or only 10,000 according to the Armenian version of the

744: 700: 607: 563: 365:" in 1452 and becomes firmly affixed to him in the works of the 17th- and 18th-century historians such as 193: 108: 4904:

History of Georgia in four volumes, vol. II – History of Georgia from the 4th century to the 13th century

4291:

gives a version, though unproven otherwise, about the participation of a Georgian auxiliary force in the

441:

The year of David's birth can be calculated from the date of his accession to the throne recorded in the

5937: 5803: 5768: 5109: 4342: 4252: 1980:

inscription “King of Kings David, the Sword of the Messiah” then circulated throughout the Middle East.

1886: 1746: 1676:

to invade Shirvan and a war between the two parties soon broke out. In November, the Derbentians killed

1183:

The king's reforms did not stop at the country's administrative system. At the same time, he set up the

1017: 824: 366: 5402:

Imagining History at the Crossroads: Persia, Byzantium, and the Architects of the Written Georgian Past

1440:

mercenaries on Georgian territory, before launching a new offensive as early as the beginning of 1120.

1371: 641:

to suggest a co-reign between George II and David IV, at least until 1112, while frescoes found in the

370: 2707:

At the time of David the Builder there were quite a few schools and academies in Georgia, among which

2286: 2250:

forces. This fact further encourages the Georgian monarch, one of whose plans is to secure the entire

1363:

to fight, and the young commander astonished the people with his deftness in battle. Demetrius seized

6297: 6292: 6034: 5962: 5813: 5783: 5778: 5687: 4577: 2988:

in the East. Many churches currently bear his name, including a Georgian church dedicated in 2009 in

2965: 2538: 1448:

The foreign relations led by King David the Builder are exclusively devoted to the liberation of the

1425: 1195: 1191: 1177: 1149: 1125: 763:

did not stop their seasonal devastation and several Turkish nomadic tribes established themselves in

615: 583: 508: 481: 362: 215: 98: 3052: 2629:, and the king's emotional repentance of his sins, David sees himself to be similar to the Biblical 6251: 6213: 6118: 6018: 5932: 5922: 5906: 5867: 5773: 3013: 2936: 2932: 2924: 2869: 2642: 2610: 2577:

who published his study of the Georgian history between 1848 and 1858. The epitaph, modeled on the

2340: 2051: 1548: 1504: 1429: 1393:, David heard from Nakhiduri the story of the Seljuks invasion of Javakheti and killing of Beshken 1314: 1240: 1165: 1129: 1013: 863:

and David IV, according to which the noble rebels against the Georgian king were sent to prison in

843: 773: 646: 619: 555: 551: 374: 313: 5613:. Vol. I: The Dynastic Periods: From Antiquity to the Fourteenth Century. St. Martin's Press. 2593: 2585:), 14, reads: "Christ! This is my resting place for eternity. It pleases me; here I shall dwell." 1948:. This is how he maintained close relations with the Crusader forces, and in particular with King 1555:, where a large part of the Georgian population had been exterminated by the Seljuks, but also in 6226: 6066: 5862: 5818: 5759: 5747: 5670: 5570:

Additions et éclaircissements à l'histoire de la Géorgie depuis l'Antiquité jusqu'en 1469 de J.-C

5316: 5308: 5169: 5014: 4935: 2943: 2877: 2873: 2613:, David IV spends his time informing himself, criticizing and learning several episodes from the 2512: 2468: 2395: 2259: 2102: 2078: 2023: 2019: 1969: 1838: 1774: 1673: 1449: 1364: 1302: 1294: 1286: 1228: 1169: 1101: 1080: 967: 966:. However, the noble does not abandon his plans against his overlord and begins plotting against 884: 868: 816: 752: 680: 668: 642: 587: 579: 528: 401: 393: 306: 292: 205: 162: 2661:

The king has several residences across the country. The most important are the royal palaces of

2152:

saying: "You are the king of the forests, and you never go down to the plains. Now I have taken

2129:, in 1120. The Turks, alarmed by the situation in Caucasus, then decided to respond militarily. 1841:. Mahmud II also appointed General Ilghazi, famous for his battles against the Europeans in the 2935:, who cited him with other kings as the builder of the Georgian nation. Furthermore, President 6307: 6241: 5632: 5595: 5539: 5520: 5473: 5454: 5433: 5405: 5386: 5367: 5335: 5245: 5237: 5209: 5203: 5188: 5033: 5000: 4979: 4960: 4908: 4870: 4863:

Conceptions of Political Thought in Medieval Georgia: David IV "the Builder", Arson of Ikalto.

4848: 4826: 4805: 4710: 4454: 4302: 3115: 3063: 2917: 2638: 2496: 2435: 2410: 2387: 2271: 2137: 2010: 1953: 1925: 1879: 1814: 1770: 1726: 1695: 1683:

in combat, giving the king of Georgia the opportunity to place his own son-in-law and vassal,

1595: 1587: 1572: 1556: 1382: 1306: 1282: 1117: 1076: 1041: 1005: 975: 963: 764: 708: 634: 493: 489: 485: 397: 321: 272: 180: 5426:

Manual of Genealogy and Chronology of Christian Caucasian History (Armenia, Georgia, Albania)

5291:

Vasiliev, Alexander (January 1936). "The Foundation of the Empire of Trebizond (1204–1222)".

2483:, he captured the citadels of Ghasanni and Khozaond, during an obscure campaign north of the 1702:

in his winter home and the Turkish strategy therefore lay in a rapid invasion of central and

1508: 1207: 1152:. This position, equivalent to the dignity of chancellor, had existed for a long time in the 707:

and pay tribute to the invaders. Internally, the foundations of the Georgian state, based on

6236: 6231: 5808: 5662: 5300: 5161: 4949: 4889: 4840: 4499: 4310: 4284: 2902: 2889: 2844:(1118–1138), he was involved in an attempted coup against Demetrius I, his half-brother and 2834: 2820: 2708: 2697: 2682: 2597: 2568: 2563: 2551: 2211: 2188: 2043: 1998: 1904: 1818: 1711: 1653: 1645: 1609: 1540: 1532: 1512: 1474: 1421: 1398: 1274: 1260: 1248: 971: 899: 860: 828: 712: 661: 547: 524: 516: 512: 405: 151: 2401:

Georgia's conquest of Northeast Armenia finally completed the ultimate project of securing

1753: 1741: 727: 629:

does not recount the details of the transfer of power between George II and his son. Nodar

6183: 6123: 6053: 5417: 5275: 5259: 5135: 5093: 4633: 4322: 4033: 2968:

built an important monument to David the Builder, which he offered to the municipality of

2278: 1394: 1113: 998: 911: 872: 638: 520: 466: 381:

data also provide evidence for the early use of David's other epithet, "the Great" (დიდი,

1862:(60,000 troops in total), to which was added a detachment of 200 to 1,000 Crusaders from 1563:, in the aim of strengthening borders. They are also accompanied by Alanian, miserly and 492:, was his sister. The name of David's mother, Elene, is recorded in a margin note in the 5627:

Hacikyan, Agop Jack; Basmajian, Gabriel; Franchuk, Edward S.; et al., eds. (2002).

5231:

Synod of Ruis-Urbnisi (1103), ed. E. Gabidzashvili, Tbilisi, 1978, on Georgian language.

4802:

Armenia and the Crusades, Tenth to Twelfth Centuries: The Chronicle of Matthew of Edessa

4766: 4629: 2515:

and the Christian sovereign managed to massacre the invaders after five days of battle.

2160:

from him. If you wish, send me suitable presents; if not, come and see me in all haste.

1628: 1104:, David IV began to reform the internal state again. For this purpose, in 1103(or 1105) 598: 4901:

Lortkipanidze, Mariam; Japaridze, Otar; Muskhelishvili, David; Metreveli, Roin (2012).

2881: 2532:

The "Tomb of David IV" at Gelati reads:Ⴕ ႤႱႤႠႰႱႢႠႬႱႠႱႭႤႬႤ ႡႤႪႨႹႫႧႬႠ ႥႱႠႵႠႣႠႥႤႫႩჃႣႰႭႫႤ

2426: 2402: 2255: 2243: 1956:. Some sources also speak of the participation of Georgian auxiliary forces during the 1863: 1782: 1762: 1605: 1591: 1493: 1470: 1433: 1408:

The successes of the reforming sovereign did not end there. Indeed, still in 1118, the

1031:, who is said to have been "the complete opposite of his paternal uncle". A convert to 423: 317: 5381:

Garland, Lynda; Rapp, Stephen H. (2006). "Mary 'of Alania'". In Garland, Lynda (ed.).

4994: 4902: 2409:

is unified culturally, spiritually and politically under a single scepter, this being

743:

The first step taken by David IV to restore the Georgian economy was the cessation of

6266: 5674: 5584: 5568: 5320: 4702: 2896: 2845: 2634: 2391: 2118: 2006: 1909: 1594:

peoples. He created a sphere of cultural influence in the Nort Caucasus, established

1536: 1457: 1413: 1352: 1322: 1298: 1252: 1203: 1036: 847: 756: 732: 704: 611: 539: 454: 389: 5577:] (in French). St. Petersbourg: Imprimerie de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences. 4313:, who refers to unknown medieval sources, to have visited incognito David IV's court 3564:

Bulletin of the Georgian National Museum. Series of Social Sciences #2 (47-B), 2010,

1656:. Only a few of them managed to get on their horses and run away. In the battle the 6102: 5901: 4749: 4288: 4267: 3477: 3472: 3114:

Mariam Lortkipanidze, Roin Metreveli, Kings of Georgia, Tbilisi, 2007, pp. 122–130

2989: 2618: 2239: 2167:

monarch called in all his troops and assembled an army of 50,000 men, most of them

2153: 2106: 1917: 1722: 1677: 1641: 1613: 1568: 1516: 1417: 1402: 1173: 1141: 1064: 804: 736: 567: 336: 329: 5666: 2719:, far exceeding the first in divine law, a canon for all ecclesiastical splendors. 503:

Through his father, David had ancestors among the most prominent dynasties of the

5488: 5182: 4820: 4632:. Gelati Academy of Sciences Project: Old Georgian texts from the Gelati school ( 457:) 309, that is, 1089, when he was 16 years old. Thus, he would have been born in 17: 6178: 6173: 6168: 5952: 5852: 5575:

Additions and clarifications to the history of Georgia from Antiquity to AD 1469

4225:"'Miraculous Victory:' Battle of Didgori, 1121 | Armchair General Magazine" 4196:"'Miraculous Victory:' Battle of Didgori, 1121 | Armchair General Magazine" 2748: 2508: 2484: 2471:. Still in the region, after having defeated a North Caucasian army composed of 2383: 2282: 2207: 2140:

a year earlier. In November 1122, he began his invasion of Shirvan and captured

1945: 1826: 1798: 1715: 1333: 1244: 982: 784: 488:

mentions David's brother Totorme. The latter, according to the modern historian

4880:

Kiziria, Dodona (1994). "The Prayers of Remorse of King David IV the Builder".

4869:. John Benjamins Publishing Company. Amsterdam/Philadelphia. pp. 149–156. 2054:, "respected the feelings of Muslims more than Muslim rulers had done before." 1889:, before heading off to battle, King David inspired his army with these words: 1527: 6163: 6158: 5987: 5896: 5184:

Studies In Medieval Georgian Historiography: Early Texts And Eurasian Contexts

4893: 4337: 2688: 2443: 2352: 2344: 2328: 2164: 2070: 1810: 1688: 1575:, changed their nomadic habits and settled down, and gradually mixed with the 1489: 1256: 1223: 1049: 5629:

The Heritage of Armenian Literature: From the sixth to the eighteenth century

1761:

Shortly after the double defeat of Barda and Arabia, the Turkish settlers of

1020:(r. 1084-1102) and succeeded in capturing the fortress of Zedazeni, north of 6198: 6193: 6188: 5886: 5827: 5409: 3562:

Maia Pataridze: The Silver Coin of David the Builder from the Mestia Museum.

3483: 3064:

Georgia in the Developed Feudal Period (XI–the first quarter of the XIII c.)

2768: 2626: 2582: 2578: 2431: 2364: 2360: 2294: 2203: 2149: 2114: 1916:. Testimonies report in various chronicles, both Christian and Muslim, that 1851: 1842: 1680: 1657: 1576: 1520: 1390: 1386: 1236: 1060: 1059:

to be their vassal, were not resigned to another defeat at the hands of the

1045: 926: 907: 888: 780: 688: 378: 5620:

Les dynasties de la Caucasie chrétienne de l'Antiquité jusqu'au XIXe siècle

1027:

Kvirike IV died a year later and was succeeded on the throne by his nephew

958:. Two years later, he was released on bond and resettled in his estates of 759:

suzerainty and pay an annual tribute. Despite these measures, however, the

5712: 5262:(1943). "Medieval Georgian Historical Literature (VIIth–XVth Centuries)". 3025: 2309:. After this offensive, he continued his way into Tao-Klarjeti and burned 2301:

and destroyed all Seljuk installations there, before reaching the town of

1460:

remained a permanent threat to his kingdom as long as the security of the

582:, and a local dynasty, for a time suppressed by George's energetic father 408:(died 1001), all members of the principal line of the Bagrationi dynasty. 328:

under Georgia's control. A friend of the Church and a notable promoter of

5927: 5847: 5823: 4483: 4481: 3489: 2780: 2767:

Different sources mention David's two wives of whom one, unnamed, was an

2674: 2670: 2617:. According to his biographer, David IV learned to live according to the 2492: 2480: 2456: 2414: 2406: 2379: 2375: 2302: 2251: 2172: 2168: 2145: 2110: 2057:

Following the capture of the city, the king transferred the capital from

2014: 1929: 1913: 1875: 1867: 1855: 1802: 1730: 1699: 1637: 1583: 1560: 1481: 1461: 1437: 1337: 1310: 1068: 1021: 959: 940: 915: 852: 820: 692: 656: 630: 543: 504: 325: 249: 5490:

Histoire de la Géorgie depuis l'Antiquité jusqu'au XIXe siècle. Volume I

5049:

Epigraphic Monuments of the Epoch of David the Builder ("Agmashenebeli")

4378: 4376: 3751: 3749: 3587: 3585: 3545: 3543: 3455: 3453: 2194:

In June 1123, a month after the defeat of the Seljuks, David IV invaded

671:, suffering politically, economically, culturally and even religiously. 5798: 5312: 4927: 2969: 2950: 2666: 2662: 2646: 2542: 2504: 2500: 2488: 2476: 2451: 2418: 2356: 2332: 2290: 2267: 2247: 2231: 2227: 2215: 2195: 2180: 2122: 2098: 2082: 2066: 2062: 2058: 2035: 2031: 1921: 1899: 1830: 1778: 1766: 1664: 1617: 1465: 1409: 1360: 1318: 1199: 876: 760: 748: 684: 571: 461:

293 or 294, that is, c. 1073. According to the same source, he died in

200: 140: 124: 5173: 4867:

Veritas et subtilitas. Truth and Subtlety in the History of Philosophy

2711:

occupies a special place. King David's historian calls Gelati Academy

2394:

for them. Northern Armenia was thus annexed and incorporated into the

1424:

was recovered in July of the same year, after a single day of combat.

5279: 4297: 3493:, etc. David was the last Georgian monarch to wear a Byzantine title. 2852: 2776: 2724: 2716: 2678: 2439: 2422: 2184: 2157: 2141: 2047: 2042:

After a short siege, the king, probably accompanied by general Ivane

1977: 1941: 1871: 1859: 1834: 1806: 1721:

But the Seljuks did not stop there. Knowing that the flooding of the

1707: 1668: 1663:

Only two months later, David IV again led his troops to intervene in

1552: 1497: 1329: 1180:, the minister of finance and administrator of the kingdom's cities. 1072: 931: 883:. Finally, from the reign of David the Builder, Byzantine Empire and 864: 842:

Despite several peace proposals over the years, it was not until the

696: 575: 5304: 3938: 3936: 5495:

History of Georgia from Ancient Times to the 19th Century, Volume 1

5165: 1837:, and garrisons from Ganja and Armenia, with the aim of invade the 859:

This is how bilateral relations resumed with the agreement between

5497:] (in French). Saint Petersburg: Imperial Academy of Sciences. 5072: 4690: 3766: 3764: 3668: 3666: 3515: 3513: 3511: 3299: 3297: 3295: 3293: 3291: 2976: 2928: 2744: 2734: 2630: 2614: 2527: 2495:

and took the citadel of Bigrit, before strengthening his power in

2472: 2447: 2348: 2316: 2027: 1992: 1973: 1794: 1790: 1627: 1564: 1526: 1485: 1088: 1087:. His chronicler compares the bravery of David IV to the biblical 1032: 992: 951: 597: 586:, maintained its precarious independence in the eastern region of 415: 1924:

and his son-in-law Dubays managed to escape. This victory at the

465:

345, when he would have been in his 52nd or 53rd year. Professor

5558:(in Georgian). Tbilisi: Publication d'État de la RSS de Géorgie. 5114: 3881: 3879: 3572: 3570: 2368: 2310: 2136:

soon resumed the war against Georgia, despite his defeat at the

1649: 1301:

of the opportunity to conduct a major military campaign against

1157: 800: 301: 61: 5991: 5716: 5536:

La vie du Karthli – Texte complet et commentaires le concernant

1729:. But once again, David IV, accompanied by a personal guard of 974:. After the death of Liparit's son Rati, David abolished their 3404: 3402: 2461: 2359:

with 60,000 men to take the city. Without a single fight, the

2336: 2321: 2258:

was already under the cultural and political influence of the

558:

in 1071. In what the medieval Georgian chronicle refers to as

431:. David shown on the right dressed in a robe, wearing a crown. 1698:

in winter 1120–21. Indeed, at that time, David IV resided in

1367:

Castle and returned home with many captives and much wealth.

618:

and led to a change of power for the benefit of young David;

6101: 3066: 2183:

capital after defeating an army of 4,000 Seljuks led by the

1202:, therefore decided to use the military organization of the 1079:

declared war on Georgia and fought a decisive battle at the

5592:

Noble Families of the Russian Empire. Volume 3. The Princes

4468: 4466: 3955: 3953: 3951: 2491:, under obscure circumstances. The king managed to recover 2460:) of all the East, the invincible, servant and defender of 2405:

against the Turkish threat. For the first time, the entire

2331:

cities by the king of Georgia, the nobility of the ancient

1620:, whose sovereign swore allegiance to the king of Georgia. 1590:, David the Builder maintained deeper relations with other 5622:(in French). Rome: Tables généalogiques et chronologiques. 5286:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 593–637. 4644: 4642: 4612: 4610: 4513: 4511: 4111: 4109: 4107: 4105: 3923: 3921: 3896: 3894: 3854: 3852: 3850: 3848: 2487:. Another military campaign was organized in September in 2425:

to Aragats", i.e. from one sea to the other, and from the

4727:"State Awards Issued by Georgian Presidents in 2003–2015" 3835: 3833: 3602: 3600: 3530: 3528: 3335: 3333: 3331: 3329: 3327: 3218: 3216: 3214: 2351:

of the city had taken place since the sale of Ani to the

2085:, which he took after a short fight, thus completing the 1968:

to the Georgian royal court. The existence of a powerful

1616:

and established Georgian counters on the road leading to

606:

David grew up in times of war and desolation, due to the

2101:

by David the Builder ebuilder therefore established the

1305:

for several years, and for the next 11 years, until the

484:(r. 1072–1089). The contemporaneous Armenian chronicler 4178: 4176: 4174: 4172: 4032:

Lordkipanidze, Mariam (1987). Hewitt, George B. (ed.).

3808: 3806: 3781: 3779: 3736: 3734: 3732: 3695: 3693: 3314: 3312: 2030:

for almost five centuries, and contains the regions of

1328:

In February 1116 by the order of the king, the army of

469:

gives 1070 and 24 January 1125 as the dates for David.

4487: 4382: 4096: 4072: 3995: 3755: 3629: 3627: 3591: 3549: 3459: 2669:, but David also has residences in Tsaghoulistavi and 683:, extending at the beginning of the 11th century from 2851:

Princess Rusudan, she was married into the family of

1340:, David suddenly attacked and destroyed the Turks in 875:, who attempted to establish an independent state in 602:

Reconstruction of David the Builder's personal banner

542:, which were part of the same wave which had overrun 5351:

Islam in the Baltic: Europe's Early Muslim Community

4907:. Tbilisi: National Academy of Sciences of Georgia. 4038:. Ganatleba. p. 84 – via georgianweb.com. 2378:. The region was then left to the governance of the 2289:, in particular towards the historic territories of 6206: 6112: 6025: 5915: 5876: 5837: 5758: 5468:Asatiani, Nodar; Bendianashvili, Alexandre (1997). 4659: 4657: 3374: 3372: 2868:in history and make his reign the beginning of the 2783:, is the only one who can be precisely identified. 1612:mountain range. Thus, he fortified the passages of 248: 238: 221: 211: 199: 179: 158: 146: 130: 118: 114: 104: 94: 86: 72: 39: 5583: 5383:Byzantine Women: Varieties of Experience, 800–1200 3971: 3942: 2398:, increasing the power of David IV in the region. 1997:David the Builder. A 16th-century fresco from the 1120:. Indeed, for decades of devastation and war, the 1012:had declared its independence during the reign of 5586:Дворянские роды Российской империи. Том 3. Князья 4589: 4406: 4060: 3770: 3672: 3519: 3432: 3303: 2975:Furthermore, David IV of Georgia is considered a 2876:, an era which completed only under the reign of 1928:had an important repercussion on the fate of the 1660:captured many Seljuks and gained a lot of booty. 1640:and the Seljuks were wintering near the banks of 1632:Georgia at the end of the reign of King David IV. 1176:, the head of the military administration, and a 5611:The Armenian People From Ancient to Modern Times 4295:. Some 300 Crusaders (known to the Georgians as 2374:(r. 1118-1124) and exiled him and his family to 2013:in August 1121 allowed David IV to liberate the 5360:საქართველოს საისტორიო-წყაროთმცოდნეობითი ძიებანი 5205:The Blackwell Companion to Eastern Christianity 3389: 3387: 3141: 3139: 2955:David the Builder Kutaisi International Airport 2713: 2654: 1891: 5404:(Ph.D. dissertation). University of Michigan. 4127: 3885: 3711: 3576: 819:and its beginnings as a regional power in the 356: 276: 6003: 5728: 5631:. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University Press. 4825:. University Park: Pennsylvania State Press. 4007: 3912: 3684: 3471:Since the Bagrationi dynasty established the 3408: 2819:, she was married off by her father into the 2390:proper and the royal power built the city of 1885:According to the French knight and historian 1636:In 1120 David got into the habit of going to 1519:in 1118. After significant negotiations, the 1456:. However, David IV soon understood that the 779:An armistice is soon established between the 8: 6278:Bagrationi dynasty of the Kingdom of Georgia 5538:(in Georgian). Tbilisi: Publication d'État. 5299:(1). The University of Chicago Press: 3–37. 4804:. Lanham, Md.: University Press of America. 4301:) are also known to take part in the famous 879:in 1091 and was married to David IV's aunt, 5436:(October 1936). "The Cross from Overseas". 4666:Edge of Empires : A History of Georgia 3258: 3090: 2234:not only completed the long process of the 1348:and the numerous riches left by the Turks. 1317:who commanded the Georgian forces captured 515:. Besides he had in-law relations with the 6010: 5996: 5988: 5755: 5735: 5721: 5713: 5681: 5594:] (in Russian). Moscow: Linkominvest. 5019:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 4940:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 4628:Jost Gippert / Manana Tandashvili (2002), 3234: 3130: 2363:population of Ani opened the gates to the 2270:becomes a more or less faithful vassal of 2246:to ask for help from David IV against the 1944:, David IV established relations with the 1355:. Also in 1117 David sent his son, Prince 1008:with the rest of the country. Indeed, the 950:In 1093, Liparit V, possibly converted to 835:. In this context, in addition to several 480:1123–1126, David was the only son of King 476:(ცხორებაჲ მეფეთ-მეფისა დავითისი), written 445:(ცხორებაჲ მეფეთ-მეფისა დავითისი), written 54: 36: 5515:Asatiani, Nodar; Janelidze, Otar (2009). 5428:] (in French). Rome: Edizioni Aquila. 5284:The Cambridge Medieval History (Volume 4) 4845:Histoire de l'Arménie des origines à 1071 4703:Hannick, Christian, "David IV of Georgia" 4529: 4472: 4430: 4115: 3959: 3927: 3900: 3858: 3645: 3502: 3378: 3351: 3282: 3181: 3169: 1582:In addition to this alliance between the 1273:Responding to this double defeat, Sultan 511:and his grandmother was an Alan princess 5366:] (in Georgian). Tbilisi: Artanuji. 5154:Journal of the American Oriental Society 4565: 4553: 4367: 3839: 3393: 3363: 3246: 3157: 3102: 2901: 2687: 2592: 2566:, bearing a Georgian inscription in the 2545:, after having appointed his eldest son 2327:Having learned of the liberation of the 2315: 1752: 1740: 1452:and, in this way, remain focused on the 1222: 925: 794: 726: 622:would have been one of these opponents. 5556:Histoire de la Géorgie. XIe–XVe siècles 5364:Studies in Georgian history and sources 5141:CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 5099:CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 4648: 4616: 4601: 4541: 4517: 4442: 4394: 4355: 4151: 4139: 4084: 3983: 3870: 3723: 3657: 3618: 3606: 3534: 3339: 3222: 3205: 3042: 1706:. Soon, Seljuk forces occupied much of 1496:to the north and the other against the 1488:, who was soon baptized under the name 715:and Ivane Marushisdze, the princes who 5131: 5120: 5089: 5078: 5012: 4956:Volume II Africa & the Middle East 4933: 4019: 2171:. The Seljuk sultan locked himself in 1874:. The two armies met near the town of 1829:emir Dubays ibn Sadaka, troops led by 1401:and massacred the Seljuk garrisons on 1255:settlement and recaptured the town of 1055:The Seljuks, who still considered the 1035:, he declared himself a vassal of the 846:(1071) between the Byzantines and the 5510:] (in French). Paris: Nino Salia. 4954:Burke's Royal Families of the World: 4752:. Orthodox Calendar (PRAVOSLAVIE.RU). 4737: 4418: 4182: 4163: 4048: 3824: 3812: 3797: 3785: 3740: 3699: 3633: 3444: 3420: 3318: 2144:, before reaching the local capital, 699:. The seasonal devastation caused by 30:For other people named David IV, see 7: 5519:. Tbilisi: Publishing House Petite. 5032:. New York: Taylor’s Foreign Press. 4800:Dostourian, Ara Edmond, ed. (1993). 4782:Blessed David IV the King of Georgia 4678: 3270: 3193: 3145: 3078: 3048: 3046: 2198:, starting by capturing the town of 1964:even reports a secret visit by King 1551:in colonial settlements in interior 1503:Accompanied by his faithful advisor 1444:Negotiations with the North Caucasus 1281:) soldiers with the aim of invading 649:in the 18th century and followed by 5453:. London: Routledge & K. Paul. 4959:. Burke's Peerage. pp. 56–67. 4767:Ὁ Ἅγιος Δαυΐδ βασιλεὺς τῆς Γεωργίας 2941:Catholicos-Patriarch of All Georgia 2927:(r. 1360–1395) was held captive by 1110:Catholicos-Patriarch of All Georgia 791:Relations with the Byzantine Empire 309:from 1089 until his death in 1125. 4924:Georgia in the 11th–12th centuries 4771:26 Ιανουαρίου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ. 4488:Asatiani & Bendianashvili 1997 4383:Asatiani & Bendianashvili 1997 4097:Asatiani & Bendianashvili 1997 4073:Asatiani & Bendianashvili 1997 3996:Asatiani & Bendianashvili 1997 3756:Asatiani & Bendianashvili 1997 3592:Asatiani & Bendianashvili 1997 3550:Asatiani & Bendianashvili 1997 3460:Asatiani & Bendianashvili 1997 2600:fresco of King David, 16th century 1745:fresco of King David the Builder, 1219:The reconquest of lost territories 1172:, or minister of the interior, an 25: 4822:Royal Imagery in Medieval Georgia 2274:and Shirvan is forced to submit. 2242:and brought different peoples of 2026:, which had been occupied by the 1325:strongholds in southern Georgia. 1100:After restoring the unity of the 735:at its height, upon the death of 27:King of Georgia from 1089 to 1125 5504:Histoire de la nation géorgienne 5487:Brosset, Marie-Félicité (1849). 4630:The Epitaph of David the Builder 3024: 2830:Prince Zurab, otherwise unknown; 2812:, and became a nun in widowhood; 2372:Abu'l-Aswar Shavur ibn Manuchihr 2163:Following this provocation, the 1567:mercenaries. Soon, they adopted 934:coin of King David IV of Georgia 747:. Since 1080 and the capture of 523:was a consort of the successive 412:Family background and early life 320:out of the country, winning the 254: 6214:Kipchak resettlement in Georgia 4235:from the original on 2017-07-18 4206:from the original on 2017-07-18 4035:Georgia in the XI–XII centuries 2562:A tombstone at the entrance of 578:, remained in the hands of its 550:and taking captive the emperor 507:. David's grandfather was King 5878:Kingdom of Georgia (1256-1329) 5582:Dumin, Stanislav, ed. (1996). 5534:Kaukhchishvili, Simon (1955). 5508:History of the Georgian nation 5332:Illustrated history of Georgia 4922:Lordkipanidze, Mariam (1987). 1976:are renowned. A coin with the 1936:Relations with the Middle East 1667:: after capturing the city of 1624:Battles to drive out the Turks 837:wars between the two countries 723:The end of the Turkish ravages 316:, he succeeded in driving the 288: 186: 1: 6303:12th-century Christian saints 5667:10.1080/23761199.2021.1970914 5554:Javakhishvili, Ivane (1949). 5068:Grand Larousse encyclopédique 4668:. Reaktion Books. p. 95. 4590:Asatiani & Janelidze 2009 4407:Asatiani & Janelidze 2009 4061:Asatiani & Janelidze 2009 3771:Asatiani & Janelidze 2009 3673:Asatiani & Janelidze 2009 3520:Asatiani & Janelidze 2009 3433:Asatiani & Janelidze 2009 3304:Asatiani & Janelidze 2009 3019:Family of David IV of Georgia 3007:Georgian monarchs family tree 2763:Family of David IV of Georgia 2751:and who uses it pray for me" 2692:David IV's processional cross 1831:Najm ad-Din Ilghazi ibn Artuq 1389:was killed by the Seljuks in 675:Revival of the Georgian State 590:under the Seljuq suzerainty. 477: 446: 437:Family of David IV of Georgia 5202:Rapp, Stephen H. Jr (2007). 5030:Studies in Caucasian History 4861:Khuroshvili, Giorgi (2018), 2313:after taking Bouïatha-Qour. 2105:as the supreme protector of 1781:sent representatives to the 1156:and had always been held by 687:to the eastern coast of the 347:Sobriquet and regnal ordinal 6283:Saints of Georgia (country) 5244:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 5047:Otkhmezuri, Giorgi (2012), 5028:Minorsky, Vladimir (1953). 3002:List of monarchs of Georgia 2808:(died after 1161), married 2755:Saint Catherine's Monastery 2507:attackers, led by the Emir 1813:a Seljuk cadet who governs 1351:In 1117 David Captured the 1128:, the king and his advisor 1067:and the Pope's call to the 809:Saint Catherine's Monastery 627:Life of King of Kings David 474:Life of King of Kings David 443:Life of King of Kings David 66:Saint Catherine's Monastery 6324: 6072:Gurandukht of the Kipchaks 5839:Kingdom of Western Georgia 5071:(in French). Vol. 5. 5055:Pubblici, Lorenzo (2022). 4786:OCA – Lives of the Saints. 2914:Order of David the Builder 2907:Order of David the Builder 2786:David IV's children were: 2760: 2297:, Kola, Carnipola and the 2222:Georgian power on Caucasus 1608:to North Caucasus via the 989:Conquest of Kakheti-Hereti 815:Since the creation of the 745:Turkish raids into Georgia 717:unified the Georgian realm 533:Nikephoros III Botaneiates 434: 29: 6099: 5916:Reunification (1329–1490) 5754: 5701: 5692: 5684: 5618:Toumanoff, Cyril (1990). 5502:Salia, Kalistrat (1980). 5400:Rapp, Stephen H. (1997). 5208:. John Wiley & Sons. 5181:Rapp, Stephen H. (2003). 5117:. 1950. pp. 641–643. 5075:. 1962. pp. 452–453. 4894:10.2143/MUS.107.3.2006012 4819:Eastmond, Antony (1998). 4707:Religion Past and Present 4664:Rayfield, Donald (2013). 4636:). Accessed 19 June 2011. 4309:is said by the historian 4293:Siege of Jerusalem (1099) 3381:, pp. 174–175, n. 63 3069:Retrieved 13 August 2006. 3067:http://www.parliament.ge/ 2277:The conflict against the 1912:and its influence in the 1251:, retaliated against the 1057:Kingdom of Kakheti-Hereti 1010:Kingdom of Kakheti-Hereti 574:, the ancient capital of 420:David IV with his court. 357: 277: 60:David IV on 12th century 53: 46: 32:David IV (disambiguation) 6219:Council of Ruisi-Urbnisi 4993:Metreveli, Roin (2011). 4978:. Tʻbilisi: Ganatʻleba. 4974:Metreveli, Roin (1990). 2959:National Defence Academy 2810:Manuchihr III of Shirvan 2743:"I David the servant of 2121:. This is the case with 1549:Kipchak families settled 1134:Council of Ruisi-Urbnisi 519:. David's paternal aunt 341:Georgian Orthodox Church 243:Georgian Orthodox Church 48:King of Kings of Georgia 5565:Brosset, Marie-Félicité 5358:Antelava, Ilia (2002). 5330:Samushia, Jaba (2015). 4996:Saint David the Builder 4750:January 26 / February 8 4504:Historical Compilation. 4327:Kitāb Mu'jam al-Buldān. 4307:Baldwin II of Jerusalem 3972:History of Georgia 2012 3943:History of Georgia 2012 3259:Garland & Rapp 2006 2884:in his cycle of praise 2801:(1125-1155, 1155-1156); 2747:sent this book to Holy 2739:Autograph of David IV. 1966:Baldwin II of Jerusalem 1962:Prince Ioane of Georgia 1960:in 1099. The historian 1878:, at the foot of Mount 1644:. David first moved to 1511:, David IV crossed the 1385:nobleman who ruled the 1243:, his nephew Theodore, 1231:under David IV's reign. 594:Accession to the throne 289:davit IV aghmashenebeli 6106: 5472:. Paris: L'Harmattan. 5470:Histoire de la Géorgie 5449:Allen, W.E.D. (1932). 5385:. Aldershot: Ashgate. 5349:Norris, Harry (2009). 5334:. Tbilisi: Palitra L. 2909: 2791:Demetrius I of Georgia 2758: 2721: 2693: 2659: 2601: 2575:Marie-Félicité Brosset 2533: 2324: 2236:unification of Georgia 2087:unification of Georgia 2002: 1950:Baldwin I of Jerusalem 1896: 1882:, on August 12, 1121. 1758: 1750: 1747:Shio-Mghvime monastery 1633: 1544: 1232: 1063:. The death of Sultan 1001: 935: 812: 740: 660:", the latter being a 651:Marie-Félicité Brosset 603: 564:Great Turkish Invasion 500:he was claimed to be. 432: 429:Benoît de Sainte-Maure 291:) (1073–1125), of the 194:Demetrius I of Georgia 6247:Liberation of Tbilisi 6105: 5280:"Armenia and Georgia" 5110:Enciclopedia Italiana 4343:al-Bidaya wa l-Nihaya 4253:Walter the Chancellor 3033:at Wikimedia Commons 2905: 2738: 2691: 2623:galobani sinanulisani 2596: 2531: 2464:, the Orthodox king. 2382:nobility, to General 2347:in 1064 and a forced 2319: 1996: 1989:Liberation of Tbilisi 1887:Walter the Chancellor 1825:, Arab forces of the 1756: 1744: 1631: 1530: 1226: 1112:in the cathedrals of 1106:he convened a council 996: 944:Liparit V of Kldekari 929: 798: 755:was forced to accept 730: 601: 419: 406:David III Kuropalates 367:Parsadan Gorgijanidze 278:დავით IV აღმაშენებელი 42:დავით IV აღმაშენებელი 6174:Modistos Abuletisdze 6152:Catholicos-Patriarch 6142:Catholicos-Patriarch 6132:Catholicos-Patriarch 5880:(in eastern Georgia) 4847:(in French). Payot. 4761:Great Synaxaristes: 4691:Hacikyan et al. 2002 4578:Sempad the Constable 2966:Merab Berdzenishvili 2961:is named after him. 2611:Christian traditions 2539:Mtsignobartukhutsesi 2509:Ibrahim ibn-Suleiman 2264:Georgian–Seljuk wars 2262:at the start of the 2230:and the conquest of 1648:, and from there to 1559:and in the north of 1454:Georgian–Seljuk wars 1321:, one of the strong 1178:Mechurchletukhutsesi 1162:Catholicos-Patriarch 1154:Georgian royal court 1150:Mtsignobartukhutsesi 1126:George the Hagiorite 823:during the reign of 691:, is now limited to 509:Bagrat IV of Georgia 482:George II of Georgia 398:David I Kouropalates 269:David IV the Builder 216:George II of Georgia 40:David IV the Builder 6288:People from Kutaisi 5187:. Leuven: Peeters. 4976:Davitʻ Aġmašenebeli 4445:, pp. 367–368. 4433:, pp. 110–111. 4229:armchairgeneral.com 4200:armchairgeneral.com 4142:, pp. 364–365. 4128:Kaukhchishvili 1955 3886:Kaukhchishvili 1955 3726:, pp. 356–357. 3712:Kaukhchishvili 1955 3577:Kaukhchishvili 1955 3261:, pp. 120–121. 3249:, pp. 388–391. 3031:David IV of Georgia 3014:Kipchaks in Georgia 2937:Mikheil Saakashvili 2933:Eduard Shevardnadze 2643:Hovhannes Imastaser 2606:Georgian Chronicles 2093:Conquest of Shirvan 2052:Badr al-Din al-Ayni 1809:to Caucasus) with: 1505:George of Chqondidi 1430:George of Chqondidi 1315:George of Chqondidi 1279:Georgian Chronicles 1241:George of Chqondidi 1166:George of Chqondidi 1130:George of Chqondidi 1085:Georgian Chronicles 956:Georgian Chronicles 922:David IV and nobles 904:Georgian Chronicles 844:Battle of Manzikert 751:by Emir Ahmed, the 733:Great Seljuk Empire 620:George of Chqondidi 556:battle of Manzikert 552:Romanos IV Diogenes 314:Georgian Golden Age 6227:Battle of Ertsukhi 6169:Dzagan Abuletisdze 6119:George Chkondideli 6107: 6067:Rusudan of Armenia 6019:King David's reign 5760:Kingdom of Georgia 5517:History of Georgia 5434:Avalishvili, Zurab 5418:Toumanoff, Cyrille 5238:Thomson, Robert W. 4930:. pp. 80–118. 4272:Chronicon Syriacum 4008:Javakhishvili 1949 3913:Javakhishvili 1949 3685:Javakhishvili 1949 3409:Javakhishvili 1949 2910: 2874:Kingdom of Georgia 2759: 2694: 2602: 2534: 2513:kingdom of Georgia 2479:and anti-Georgian 2469:Emirate of Derbent 2396:Kingdom of Georgia 2325: 2287:capture of Dmanisi 2260:Kingdom of Georgia 2226:The resumption of 2103:kingdom of Georgia 2097:The resumption of 2024:Emirate of Tbilisi 2005:The defeat of the 2003: 1970:Kingdom of Georgia 1958:Siege of Jerusalem 1839:Kingdom of Georgia 1759: 1751: 1634: 1545: 1541:Asomtavruli script 1450:Kingdom of Georgia 1295:Battle of Trialeti 1287:Battle of Trialeti 1233: 1229:Kingdom of Georgia 1214:Military campaigns 1170:Mandaturtukhutsesi 1102:Kingdom of Georgia 1081:Battle of Ertsukhi 1002: 936: 885:Kingdom of Georgia 869:Alexios I Komnenos 817:Kingdom of Georgia 813: 753:kingdom of Georgia 741: 731:A map showing the 681:Kingdom of Georgia 669:Kingdom of Georgia 643:Ateni Sioni Church 604: 529:Michael VII Doukas 433: 402:David II Magistros 394:Georgian Bagratids 307:Kingdom of Georgia 293:Bagrationi dynasty 163:Rusudan of Armenia 6260: 6259: 6242:Battle of Didgori 6199:Kavtar Baramisdze 6155: 6145: 6135: 6062: 6059:Byzantine empress 5985: 5984: 5981: 5980: 5711: 5710: 5702:Succeeded by 5526:978-9941-9063-6-7 5341:978-9941-21-755-5 5215:978-1-4443-3361-9 5130:Missing or empty 5123:cite encyclopedia 5088:Missing or empty 5081:cite encyclopedia 4950:Massingberd, Hugh 4914:978-9941-19-585-3 4709:. 1st print ed.: 4592:, pp. 86–87. 4568:, pp. 84–85. 4455:Matthew of Edessa 4303:Battle of Didgori 4257:Bella Antiochena. 3687:, pp. 44–45. 3053:Britannica online 3029:Media related to 2992:(United States). 2981:Orthodox Churches 2946:in January 2004. 2771:lady; the other, 2138:Battle of Didgori 2011:Battle of Didgori 1954:Battle of Didgori 1926:Battle of Didgori 1737:Battle of Didgori 1573:Georgian language 1372:Beshken II Jaqeli 1336:were gathered at 1307:Battle of Didgori 997:King David IV by 976:duchy of Kldekari 827:(1010-1014), the 494:Gospel of Matthew 490:Robert W. Thomson 486:Matthew of Edessa 472:According to the 371:Beri Egnatashvili 322:Battle of Didgori 262: 261: 138:(aged 51–52) 18:David the Builder 16:(Redirected from 6315: 6273:Kings of Georgia 6237:Battle of Botora 6232:Battle of Rakhsi 6149: 6139: 6129: 6056: 6049: 6012: 6005: 5998: 5989: 5756: 5737: 5730: 5723: 5714: 5685:Preceded by 5682: 5678: 5642: 5623: 5614: 5605: 5589: 5578: 5559: 5549: 5530: 5511: 5498: 5483: 5464: 5445: 5429: 5413: 5396: 5377: 5354: 5345: 5324: 5287: 5276:Toumanoff, Cyril 5271: 5260:Toumanoff, Cyril 5255: 5226: 5224: 5222: 5198: 5177: 5146: 5139: 5133: 5128: 5126: 5118: 5104: 5097: 5091: 5086: 5084: 5076: 5060: 5051: 5043: 5024: 5018: 5010: 4989: 4970: 4945: 4939: 4931: 4918: 4897: 4858: 4836: 4815: 4787: 4778: 4772: 4764: 4759: 4753: 4747: 4741: 4735: 4729: 4724: 4718: 4700: 4694: 4688: 4682: 4676: 4670: 4669: 4661: 4652: 4646: 4637: 4626: 4620: 4614: 4605: 4599: 4593: 4587: 4581: 4575: 4569: 4563: 4557: 4551: 4545: 4539: 4533: 4527: 4521: 4515: 4506: 4500:Vardan Areveltsi 4497: 4491: 4485: 4476: 4470: 4461: 4452: 4446: 4440: 4434: 4428: 4422: 4416: 4410: 4404: 4398: 4392: 4386: 4380: 4371: 4365: 4359: 4353: 4347: 4335: 4329: 4320: 4314: 4311:Ioane Bagrationi 4281: 4275: 4265: 4259: 4250: 4244: 4243: 4241: 4240: 4221: 4215: 4214: 4212: 4211: 4192: 4186: 4180: 4167: 4161: 4155: 4149: 4143: 4137: 4131: 4125: 4119: 4113: 4100: 4094: 4088: 4082: 4076: 4070: 4064: 4058: 4052: 4046: 4040: 4039: 4029: 4023: 4017: 4011: 4005: 3999: 3993: 3987: 3981: 3975: 3969: 3963: 3957: 3946: 3940: 3931: 3925: 3916: 3910: 3904: 3898: 3889: 3883: 3874: 3868: 3862: 3856: 3843: 3837: 3828: 3822: 3816: 3810: 3801: 3795: 3789: 3783: 3774: 3768: 3759: 3753: 3744: 3738: 3727: 3721: 3715: 3709: 3703: 3697: 3688: 3682: 3676: 3670: 3661: 3655: 3649: 3643: 3637: 3631: 3622: 3616: 3610: 3604: 3595: 3589: 3580: 3574: 3565: 3559: 3553: 3547: 3538: 3532: 3523: 3517: 3506: 3500: 3494: 3469: 3463: 3457: 3448: 3442: 3436: 3430: 3424: 3418: 3412: 3406: 3397: 3391: 3382: 3376: 3367: 3366:, p. 45–47. 3361: 3355: 3349: 3343: 3337: 3322: 3316: 3307: 3301: 3286: 3280: 3274: 3268: 3262: 3256: 3250: 3244: 3238: 3232: 3226: 3220: 3209: 3203: 3197: 3191: 3185: 3179: 3173: 3172:, pp. 10–11 3167: 3161: 3155: 3149: 3143: 3134: 3128: 3122: 3112: 3106: 3100: 3094: 3091:Massingberd 1980 3088: 3082: 3076: 3070: 3061: 3055: 3050: 3028: 2866:Georgian monarch 2835:Vardan Areveltsi 2826: 2823:imperial family 2796: 2698:Byzantine Empire 2598:Gelati Monastery 2564:Gelati monastery 2552:Gelati Monastery 2519:Death and burial 2212:Greater Caucasus 2079:Georgian kingdom 2020:Georgian kingdom 1999:Gelati Monastery 1757:Didgori Monument 1712:Greater Caucasus 1710:, as far as the 1691:and Sevgelamej. 1654:Battle of Botora 1610:Greater Caucasus 1601:Georgian culture 1561:Georgian Armenia 1539:inscriptions in 1513:Greater Caucasus 1475:Greater Caucasus 1399:Battle of Rakhsi 1380: 1275:Muhammad I Tapar 1269: 1138:Georgian history 1096:Domestic reforms 972:Byzantine Empire 968:Georgian kingdom 900:John II Komnenos 861:Byzantine Empire 829:Byzantine Empire 807:and David IV at 713:David III of Tao 548:Byzantine Empire 546:, defeating the 517:Byzantine Empire 479: 448: 404:(died 937), and 392:assigned to the 375:Prince Vakhushti 360: 359: 290: 287: 280: 279: 267:, also known as 258: 234: 190: 175: 152:Gelati Monastery 137: 58: 37: 21: 6323: 6322: 6318: 6317: 6316: 6314: 6313: 6312: 6263: 6262: 6261: 6256: 6202: 6124:Arsen Iqaltoeli 6108: 6097: 6043: 6030: 6021: 6016: 5986: 5977: 5911: 5872: 5833: 5809:Tamar the Great 5750: 5741: 5707: 5698: 5695:King of Georgia 5690: 5655:Caucasus Survey 5652: 5649: 5647:Further reading 5639: 5626: 5617: 5608: 5602: 5581: 5563: 5553: 5546: 5533: 5527: 5514: 5501: 5486: 5480: 5467: 5461: 5448: 5432: 5416: 5399: 5393: 5380: 5374: 5357: 5348: 5342: 5329: 5305:10.2307/2846872 5290: 5274: 5258: 5252: 5236: 5220: 5218: 5216: 5201: 5195: 5180: 5151: 5140: 5129: 5119: 5107: 5098: 5087: 5077: 5065: 5054: 5046: 5040: 5027: 5011: 5007: 4992: 4986: 4973: 4967: 4948: 4932: 4921: 4915: 4900: 4879: 4855: 4839: 4833: 4818: 4812: 4799: 4796: 4791: 4790: 4779: 4775: 4762: 4760: 4756: 4748: 4744: 4736: 4732: 4725: 4721: 4701: 4697: 4689: 4685: 4677: 4673: 4663: 4662: 4655: 4647: 4640: 4627: 4623: 4615: 4608: 4600: 4596: 4588: 4584: 4576: 4572: 4564: 4560: 4552: 4548: 4540: 4536: 4528: 4524: 4516: 4509: 4498: 4494: 4486: 4479: 4471: 4464: 4453: 4449: 4441: 4437: 4429: 4425: 4417: 4413: 4405: 4401: 4393: 4389: 4381: 4374: 4366: 4362: 4354: 4350: 4336: 4332: 4323:Yaqut al-Hamawi 4321: 4317: 4282: 4278: 4266: 4262: 4251: 4247: 4238: 4236: 4223: 4222: 4218: 4209: 4207: 4194: 4193: 4189: 4181: 4170: 4162: 4158: 4150: 4146: 4138: 4134: 4126: 4122: 4114: 4103: 4095: 4091: 4083: 4079: 4071: 4067: 4059: 4055: 4047: 4043: 4031: 4030: 4026: 4018: 4014: 4006: 4002: 3994: 3990: 3982: 3978: 3970: 3966: 3958: 3949: 3941: 3934: 3926: 3919: 3911: 3907: 3899: 3892: 3884: 3877: 3869: 3865: 3857: 3846: 3838: 3831: 3823: 3819: 3811: 3804: 3796: 3792: 3784: 3777: 3769: 3762: 3754: 3747: 3739: 3730: 3722: 3718: 3710: 3706: 3698: 3691: 3683: 3679: 3671: 3664: 3656: 3652: 3644: 3640: 3632: 3625: 3617: 3613: 3605: 3598: 3590: 3583: 3575: 3568: 3560: 3556: 3548: 3541: 3533: 3526: 3518: 3509: 3501: 3497: 3470: 3466: 3458: 3451: 3443: 3439: 3431: 3427: 3419: 3415: 3407: 3400: 3392: 3385: 3377: 3370: 3362: 3358: 3350: 3346: 3338: 3325: 3317: 3310: 3302: 3289: 3281: 3277: 3269: 3265: 3257: 3253: 3245: 3241: 3235:Dostourian 1993 3233: 3229: 3221: 3212: 3204: 3200: 3192: 3188: 3180: 3176: 3168: 3164: 3156: 3152: 3144: 3137: 3131:Otkhmezuri 2012 3129: 3125: 3113: 3109: 3101: 3097: 3089: 3085: 3077: 3073: 3062: 3058: 3051: 3044: 3039: 2998: 2949:The airport at 2888:, jointly with 2862: 2824: 2799:King of Georgia 2794: 2765: 2752: 2742: 2740: 2733: 2591: 2560: 2526: 2521: 2367:, who captured 2224: 2095: 1991: 1986: 1938: 1785:Sultan of Iraq 1739: 1704:eastern Georgia 1626: 1592:North Caucasian 1473:and beyond the 1446: 1405:in April 1118. 1374: 1263: 1221: 1216: 1122:Orthodox Church 1098: 999:Mikhail Sabinin 991: 924: 912:Mokvi Cathedral 873:Theodore Gabras 793: 725: 677: 639:Cyril Toumanoff 596: 498:78th descendant 467:Cyril Toumanoff 439: 414: 349: 282: 228: 184: 183: 169: 165: 154: 139: 135: 123: 82: 74:King of Georgia 68: 41: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6321: 6319: 6311: 6310: 6305: 6300: 6295: 6290: 6285: 6280: 6275: 6265: 6264: 6258: 6257: 6255: 6254: 6249: 6244: 6239: 6234: 6229: 6224: 6221: 6216: 6210: 6208: 6207:Notable events 6204: 6203: 6201: 6196: 6191: 6186: 6181: 6176: 6171: 6166: 6161: 6156: 6146: 6136: 6126: 6121: 6116: 6114: 6110: 6109: 6100: 6098: 6096: 6095: 6090: 6085: 6080: 6074: 6069: 6063: 6050: 6037: 6029: 6027: 6023: 6022: 6017: 6015: 6014: 6007: 6000: 5992: 5983: 5982: 5979: 5978: 5976: 5975: 5973:Constantine II 5970: 5965: 5960: 5955: 5950: 5945: 5940: 5935: 5930: 5925: 5919: 5917: 5913: 5912: 5910: 5909: 5904: 5899: 5894: 5889: 5883: 5881: 5874: 5873: 5871: 5870: 5865: 5860: 5855: 5850: 5844: 5842: 5835: 5834: 5832: 5831: 5821: 5816: 5811: 5806: 5801: 5796: 5791: 5786: 5781: 5776: 5771: 5765: 5763: 5752: 5751: 5748:United Georgia 5742: 5740: 5739: 5732: 5725: 5717: 5709: 5708: 5703: 5700: 5691: 5686: 5680: 5679: 5661:(3): 270–285. 5648: 5645: 5644: 5643: 5637: 5624: 5615: 5606: 5600: 5579: 5561: 5551: 5544: 5531: 5525: 5512: 5499: 5484: 5478: 5465: 5459: 5446: 5430: 5414: 5397: 5391: 5378: 5372: 5355: 5353:. I.B. Tauris. 5346: 5340: 5326: 5325: 5288: 5272: 5256: 5250: 5233: 5232: 5228: 5227: 5214: 5199: 5193: 5178: 5166:10.2307/606617 5160:(4): 570–576. 5148: 5147: 5113:(in Italian). 5105: 5062: 5061: 5052: 5044: 5038: 5025: 5005: 4990: 4984: 4971: 4965: 4946: 4919: 4913: 4898: 4888:(3): 335–347. 4877: 4875:978-9027200686 4859: 4853: 4841:Grousset, René 4837: 4831: 4816: 4810: 4795: 4792: 4789: 4788: 4773: 4754: 4742: 4740:, p. 253. 4730: 4719: 4715:978-9004146662 4695: 4693:, p. 491. 4683: 4681:, p. 620. 4671: 4653: 4651:, p. 358. 4638: 4621: 4619:, p. 380. 4606: 4604:, p. 370. 4594: 4582: 4570: 4558: 4556:, p. 615. 4546: 4544:, p. 230. 4534: 4532:, p. 112. 4530:Metreveli 2011 4522: 4520:, p. 369. 4507: 4492: 4490:, p. 125. 4477: 4475:, p. 111. 4473:Metreveli 2011 4462: 4447: 4435: 4431:Metreveli 2011 4423: 4421:, p. 181. 4411: 4399: 4397:, p. 372. 4387: 4385:, p. 127. 4372: 4360: 4358:, p. 240. 4348: 4330: 4315: 4276: 4260: 4245: 4216: 4187: 4185:, p. 178. 4168: 4166:, p. 148. 4156: 4154:, p. 365. 4144: 4132: 4130:, p. 339. 4120: 4116:Metreveli 2011 4101: 4099:, p. 126. 4089: 4087:, p. 379. 4077: 4075:, p. 121. 4065: 4063:, p. 183. 4053: 4051:, p. 173. 4041: 4024: 4012: 4000: 3998:, p. 120. 3988: 3986:, p. 362. 3976: 3974:, p. 387. 3964: 3962:, p. 251. 3960:Bedrosian 1997 3947: 3945:, p. 386. 3932: 3928:Metreveli 2011 3917: 3905: 3901:Metreveli 2011 3890: 3888:, p. 333. 3875: 3873:, p. 359. 3863: 3859:Metreveli 2011 3844: 3829: 3827:, p. 172. 3817: 3815:, p. 171. 3802: 3800:, p. 170. 3790: 3788:, p. 169. 3775: 3760: 3758:, p. 119. 3745: 3743:, p. 168. 3728: 3716: 3714:, p. 328. 3704: 3702:, p. 176. 3689: 3677: 3662: 3660:, p. 354. 3650: 3648:, p. 552. 3646:Toumanoff 1976 3638: 3623: 3621:, p. 353. 3611: 3609:, p. 352. 3596: 3594:, p. 118. 3581: 3579:, p. 324. 3566: 3554: 3552:, p. 124. 3539: 3537:, p. 360. 3524: 3507: 3505:, p. 545. 3503:Toumanoff 1976 3495: 3464: 3462:, p. 117. 3449: 3447:, p. 166. 3437: 3425: 3423:, p. 165. 3413: 3398: 3383: 3379:Toumanoff 1943 3368: 3356: 3354:, p. 135. 3352:Toumanoff 1990 3344: 3342:, p. 351. 3323: 3321:, p. 164. 3308: 3287: 3283:Toumanoff 1966 3275: 3263: 3251: 3239: 3237:, p. 231. 3227: 3225:, p. 315. 3210: 3198: 3186: 3182:Toumanoff 1943 3174: 3170:Metreveli 1990 3162: 3150: 3135: 3123: 3107: 3095: 3083: 3071: 3056: 3041: 3040: 3038: 3035: 3022: 3021: 3016: 3011: 3010: 3009: 2997: 2994: 2882:Ioane Shavteli 2861: 2858: 2857: 2856: 2849: 2838: 2831: 2828: 2813: 2802: 2761:Main article: 2757:, 12th century 2753:Document from 2732: 2729: 2590: 2587: 2559: 2556: 2525: 2522: 2520: 2517: 2427:North Caucasus 2403:South Caucasus 2256:North Caucasus 2244:South Caucasus 2223: 2220: 2094: 2091: 1990: 1987: 1985: 1982: 1937: 1934: 1864:Western Europe 1763:South Caucasus 1738: 1735: 1625: 1622: 1606:South Caucasus 1571:, learned the 1509:personal guard 1471:North Caucasus 1445: 1442: 1434:North Caucasus 1220: 1217: 1215: 1212: 1097: 1094: 990: 987: 923: 920: 792: 789: 724: 721: 676: 673: 595: 592: 449:1123–1126, as 435:Main article: 424:Roman de Troie 413: 410: 353:aghmashenebeli 348: 345: 295:, was the 5th 260: 259: 252: 246: 245: 240: 236: 235: 223: 219: 218: 213: 209: 208: 203: 197: 196: 191: 177: 176: 160: 156: 155: 150: 148: 144: 143: 132: 128: 127: 120: 116: 115: 112: 111: 106: 102: 101: 96: 92: 91: 88: 84: 83: 76: 70: 69: 59: 51: 50: 44: 43: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6320: 6309: 6306: 6304: 6301: 6299: 6296: 6294: 6291: 6289: 6286: 6284: 6281: 6279: 6276: 6274: 6271: 6270: 6268: 6253: 6250: 6248: 6245: 6243: 6240: 6238: 6235: 6233: 6230: 6228: 6225: 6222: 6220: 6217: 6215: 6212: 6211: 6209: 6205: 6200: 6197: 6195: 6192: 6190: 6187: 6185: 6182: 6180: 6177: 6175: 6172: 6170: 6167: 6165: 6162: 6160: 6157: 6153: 6147: 6143: 6137: 6133: 6127: 6125: 6122: 6120: 6117: 6115: 6111: 6104: 6094: 6091: 6089: 6086: 6084: 6081: 6079: 6075: 6073: 6070: 6068: 6064: 6060: 6055: 6051: 6047: 6042: 6038: 6036: 6032: 6031: 6028: 6024: 6020: 6013: 6008: 6006: 6001: 5999: 5994: 5993: 5990: 5974: 5971: 5969: 5966: 5964: 5961: 5959: 5956: 5954: 5951: 5949: 5946: 5944: 5943:Constantine I 5941: 5939: 5936: 5934: 5931: 5929: 5926: 5924: 5921: 5920: 5918: 5914: 5908: 5905: 5903: 5900: 5898: 5895: 5893: 5890: 5888: 5885: 5884: 5882: 5879: 5875: 5869: 5866: 5864: 5861: 5859: 5858:Constantine I 5856: 5854: 5851: 5849: 5846: 5845: 5843: 5840: 5836: 5829: 5825: 5822: 5820: 5817: 5815: 5812: 5810: 5807: 5805: 5802: 5800: 5797: 5795: 5792: 5790: 5787: 5785: 5782: 5780: 5777: 5775: 5772: 5770: 5767: 5766: 5764: 5761: 5757: 5753: 5749: 5745: 5738: 5733: 5731: 5726: 5724: 5719: 5718: 5715: 5706: 5697: 5696: 5689: 5683: 5676: 5672: 5668: 5664: 5660: 5656: 5651: 5650: 5646: 5640: 5634: 5630: 5625: 5621: 5616: 5612: 5607: 5603: 5597: 5593: 5588: 5587: 5580: 5576: 5572: 5571: 5566: 5562: 5557: 5552: 5547: 5545:99928-43-44-6 5541: 5537: 5532: 5528: 5522: 5518: 5513: 5509: 5505: 5500: 5496: 5492: 5491: 5485: 5481: 5479:2-7384-6186-7 5475: 5471: 5466: 5462: 5460:0-7100-6959-6 5456: 5452: 5447: 5443: 5439: 5435: 5431: 5427: 5423: 5419: 5415: 5411: 5407: 5403: 5398: 5394: 5392:0-7546-5737-X 5388: 5384: 5379: 5375: 5373:99928-973-7-6 5369: 5365: 5361: 5356: 5352: 5347: 5343: 5337: 5333: 5328: 5327: 5322: 5318: 5314: 5310: 5306: 5302: 5298: 5294: 5289: 5285: 5281: 5277: 5273: 5269: 5265: 5261: 5257: 5253: 5251:0-19-826373-2 5247: 5243: 5239: 5235: 5234: 5230: 5229: 5217: 5211: 5207: 5206: 5200: 5196: 5194:90-429-1318-5 5190: 5186: 5185: 5179: 5175: 5171: 5167: 5163: 5159: 5155: 5150: 5149: 5144: 5137: 5124: 5116: 5112: 5111: 5106: 5102: 5095: 5082: 5074: 5070: 5069: 5064: 5063: 5058: 5053: 5050: 5045: 5041: 5039:0-521-05735-3 5035: 5031: 5026: 5022: 5016: 5008: 5006:9789941425509 5002: 4998: 4997: 4991: 4987: 4985:5-505-01428-3 4981: 4977: 4972: 4968: 4966:0-85011-029-7 4962: 4958: 4955: 4951: 4947: 4943: 4937: 4929: 4925: 4920: 4916: 4910: 4906: 4905: 4899: 4895: 4891: 4887: 4883: 4878: 4876: 4872: 4868: 4864: 4860: 4856: 4854:2-228-88912-1 4850: 4846: 4842: 4838: 4834: 4832:0-271-01628-0 4828: 4824: 4823: 4817: 4813: 4811:0-8191-8953-7 4807: 4803: 4798: 4797: 4793: 4785: 4783: 4777: 4774: 4770: 4768: 4758: 4755: 4751: 4746: 4743: 4739: 4734: 4731: 4728: 4723: 4720: 4716: 4712: 4708: 4704: 4699: 4696: 4692: 4687: 4684: 4680: 4675: 4672: 4667: 4660: 4658: 4654: 4650: 4645: 4643: 4639: 4635: 4634:TITUS project 4631: 4625: 4622: 4618: 4613: 4611: 4607: 4603: 4598: 4595: 4591: 4586: 4583: 4579: 4574: 4571: 4567: 4566:Minorsky 1953 4562: 4559: 4555: 4554:Grousset 1995 4550: 4547: 4543: 4538: 4535: 4531: 4526: 4523: 4519: 4514: 4512: 4508: 4505: 4501: 4496: 4493: 4489: 4484: 4482: 4478: 4474: 4469: 4467: 4463: 4460: 4456: 4451: 4448: 4444: 4439: 4436: 4432: 4427: 4424: 4420: 4415: 4412: 4409:, p. 85. 4408: 4403: 4400: 4396: 4391: 4388: 4384: 4379: 4377: 4373: 4370:, p. 20. 4369: 4368:Pubblici 2022 4364: 4361: 4357: 4352: 4349: 4346: 4344: 4339: 4334: 4331: 4328: 4324: 4319: 4316: 4312: 4308: 4305:(1121). King 4304: 4300: 4299: 4294: 4290: 4287:) as well as 4286: 4280: 4277: 4273: 4269: 4264: 4261: 4258: 4254: 4249: 4246: 4234: 4230: 4226: 4220: 4217: 4205: 4201: 4197: 4191: 4188: 4184: 4179: 4177: 4175: 4173: 4169: 4165: 4160: 4157: 4153: 4148: 4145: 4141: 4136: 4133: 4129: 4124: 4121: 4118:, p. 80. 4117: 4112: 4110: 4108: 4106: 4102: 4098: 4093: 4090: 4086: 4081: 4078: 4074: 4069: 4066: 4062: 4057: 4054: 4050: 4045: 4042: 4037: 4036: 4028: 4025: 4022:, p. 36. 4021: 4016: 4013: 4010:, p. 50. 4009: 4004: 4001: 3997: 3992: 3989: 3985: 3980: 3977: 3973: 3968: 3965: 3961: 3956: 3954: 3952: 3948: 3944: 3939: 3937: 3933: 3930:, p. 68. 3929: 3924: 3922: 3918: 3915:, p. 47. 3914: 3909: 3906: 3903:, p. 67. 3902: 3897: 3895: 3891: 3887: 3882: 3880: 3876: 3872: 3867: 3864: 3861:, p. 66. 3860: 3855: 3853: 3851: 3849: 3845: 3842:, p. 29. 3841: 3840:Samushia 2015 3836: 3834: 3830: 3826: 3821: 3818: 3814: 3809: 3807: 3803: 3799: 3794: 3791: 3787: 3782: 3780: 3776: 3773:, p. 82. 3772: 3767: 3765: 3761: 3757: 3752: 3750: 3746: 3742: 3737: 3735: 3733: 3729: 3725: 3720: 3717: 3713: 3708: 3705: 3701: 3696: 3694: 3690: 3686: 3681: 3678: 3675:, p. 81. 3674: 3669: 3667: 3663: 3659: 3654: 3651: 3647: 3642: 3639: 3636:, p. 98. 3635: 3630: 3628: 3624: 3620: 3615: 3612: 3608: 3603: 3601: 3597: 3593: 3588: 3586: 3582: 3578: 3573: 3571: 3567: 3563: 3558: 3555: 3551: 3546: 3544: 3540: 3536: 3531: 3529: 3525: 3522:, p. 87. 3521: 3516: 3514: 3512: 3508: 3504: 3499: 3496: 3492: 3491: 3486: 3485: 3480: 3479: 3474: 3468: 3465: 3461: 3456: 3454: 3450: 3446: 3441: 3438: 3435:, p. 79. 3434: 3429: 3426: 3422: 3417: 3414: 3411:, p. 54. 3410: 3405: 3403: 3399: 3395: 3394:Eastmond 1998 3390: 3388: 3384: 3380: 3375: 3373: 3369: 3365: 3364:Eastmond 1998 3360: 3357: 3353: 3348: 3345: 3341: 3336: 3334: 3332: 3330: 3328: 3324: 3320: 3315: 3313: 3309: 3306:, p. 80. 3305: 3300: 3298: 3296: 3294: 3292: 3288: 3285:, p. 624 3284: 3279: 3276: 3273:, p. 572 3272: 3267: 3264: 3260: 3255: 3252: 3248: 3247:Antelava 2002 3243: 3240: 3236: 3231: 3228: 3224: 3219: 3217: 3215: 3211: 3208:, p. 315 3207: 3202: 3199: 3196:, p. 210 3195: 3190: 3187: 3184:, p. 174 3183: 3178: 3175: 3171: 3166: 3163: 3160:, p. 262 3159: 3158:Eastmond 1998 3154: 3151: 3148:, p. 189 3147: 3142: 3140: 3136: 3132: 3127: 3124: 3121: 3120:99928-58-36-2 3117: 3111: 3108: 3104: 3103:Vasiliev 1936 3099: 3096: 3092: 3087: 3084: 3081:, p. 161 3080: 3075: 3072: 3068: 3065: 3060: 3057: 3054: 3049: 3047: 3043: 3036: 3034: 3032: 3027: 3020: 3017: 3015: 3012: 3008: 3005: 3004: 3003: 3000: 2999: 2995: 2993: 2991: 2987: 2982: 2978: 2973: 2971: 2967: 2962: 2960: 2956: 2952: 2947: 2945: 2942: 2938: 2934: 2930: 2926: 2921: 2919: 2915: 2908: 2904: 2900: 2898: 2893: 2891: 2887: 2883: 2879: 2875: 2871: 2867: 2859: 2854: 2850: 2847: 2846:heir apparent 2843: 2839: 2836: 2832: 2829: 2822: 2818: 2814: 2811: 2807: 2803: 2800: 2792: 2789: 2788: 2787: 2784: 2782: 2778: 2774: 2770: 2764: 2756: 2750: 2746: 2737: 2730: 2728: 2726: 2720: 2718: 2712: 2710: 2705: 2701: 2699: 2690: 2686: 2684: 2680: 2676: 2672: 2668: 2664: 2658: 2653: 2650: 2648: 2644: 2640: 2636: 2632: 2628: 2627:Mother of God 2624: 2620: 2616: 2612: 2607: 2599: 2595: 2589:Personal life 2588: 2586: 2584: 2580: 2576: 2571: 2570: 2565: 2557: 2555: 2553: 2548: 2544: 2540: 2530: 2523: 2518: 2516: 2514: 2510: 2506: 2502: 2498: 2494: 2490: 2486: 2482: 2478: 2474: 2470: 2465: 2463: 2459: 2458: 2453: 2449: 2445: 2441: 2437: 2433: 2428: 2424: 2420: 2416: 2412: 2408: 2404: 2399: 2397: 2393: 2389: 2385: 2381: 2377: 2373: 2370: 2366: 2362: 2358: 2354: 2350: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2330: 2323: 2318: 2314: 2312: 2308: 2304: 2300: 2296: 2292: 2288: 2284: 2280: 2275: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2261: 2257: 2253: 2249: 2245: 2241: 2237: 2233: 2229: 2221: 2219: 2217: 2213: 2210:and from the 2209: 2205: 2201: 2197: 2192: 2190: 2186: 2182: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2166: 2161: 2159: 2156:and I demand 2155: 2151: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2135: 2130: 2128: 2127:Manuchihr III 2124: 2120: 2119:Seljuk Empire 2116: 2112: 2108: 2104: 2100: 2092: 2090: 2088: 2084: 2080: 2075: 2072: 2068: 2064: 2060: 2055: 2053: 2049: 2045: 2039: 2037: 2033: 2029: 2025: 2021: 2016: 2012: 2008: 2007:Seljuk Empire 2000: 1995: 1988: 1983: 1981: 1979: 1975: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1959: 1955: 1951: 1947: 1943: 1935: 1933: 1931: 1927: 1923: 1919: 1915: 1911: 1910:Seljuk Empire 1906: 1905:coup de grace 1901: 1895: 1890: 1888: 1883: 1881: 1877: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1847: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1804: 1800: 1796: 1793:(holy war of 1792: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1769:merchants of 1768: 1764: 1755: 1748: 1743: 1736: 1734: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1719: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1697: 1692: 1690: 1686: 1685:Manuchihr III 1682: 1679: 1675: 1670: 1666: 1661: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1647: 1643: 1639: 1630: 1623: 1621: 1619: 1615: 1611: 1607: 1604:leading from 1602: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1580: 1578: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1547:The numerous 1542: 1538: 1535:crosses with 1534: 1529: 1525: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1501: 1499: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1478: 1476: 1472: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1458:Seljuk Empire 1455: 1451: 1443: 1441: 1439: 1435: 1431: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1406: 1404: 1400: 1396: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1378: 1373: 1368: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1349: 1347: 1344:and captured 1343: 1339: 1335: 1331: 1326: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1299:Seljuk Empire 1297:deprived the 1296: 1291: 1288: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1271: 1267: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1230: 1227:Expansion of 1225: 1218: 1213: 1211: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1188: 1186: 1181: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1145: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1095: 1093: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1078: 1074: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1053: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1038: 1037:Seljuk Empire 1034: 1030: 1025: 1023: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1000: 995: 988: 986: 984: 979: 977: 973: 969: 965: 961: 957: 953: 948: 945: 942: 933: 928: 921: 919: 917: 913: 909: 905: 901: 897: 892: 890: 886: 882: 878: 874: 870: 866: 862: 857: 854: 849: 848:Seljuk Empire 845: 840: 838: 834: 830: 826: 822: 818: 810: 806: 802: 799:12th century 797: 790: 788: 786: 782: 777: 775: 769: 766: 762: 758: 754: 750: 746: 738: 734: 729: 722: 720: 718: 714: 710: 706: 705:Seljuk Empire 702: 701:Turkish raids 698: 694: 690: 686: 682: 674: 672: 670: 665: 663: 659: 658: 652: 648: 644: 640: 636: 632: 628: 623: 621: 617: 613: 609: 600: 593: 591: 589: 585: 581: 580:Muslim rulers 577: 573: 569: 565: 561: 557: 553: 549: 545: 541: 536: 534: 530: 526: 522: 518: 514: 510: 506: 501: 499: 495: 491: 487: 483: 475: 470: 468: 464: 460: 456: 455:Paschal cycle 452: 444: 438: 430: 426: 425: 418: 411: 409: 407: 403: 399: 395: 391: 386: 384: 380: 376: 372: 368: 364: 354: 346: 344: 342: 338: 334: 331: 327: 323: 319: 315: 310: 308: 304: 303: 298: 294: 285: 274: 270: 266: 257: 253: 251: 247: 244: 241: 237: 232: 227: 224: 220: 217: 214: 210: 207: 204: 202: 198: 195: 192: 189: 188: 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Retrieved 4199: 4190: 4159: 4152:Brosset 1849 4147: 4140:Brosset 1849 4135: 4123: 4092: 4085:Brosset 1849 4080: 4068: 4056: 4044: 4034: 4027: 4015: 4003: 3991: 3984:Brosset 1849 3979: 3967: 3908: 3871:Brosset 1849 3866: 3820: 3793: 3724:Brosset 1849 3719: 3707: 3680: 3658:Brosset 1849 3653: 3641: 3619:Brosset 1849 3614: 3607:Brosset 1849 3557: 3535:Brosset 1849 3498: 3488: 3482: 3478:kouropalates 3476: 3473:Tao-Klarjeti 3467: 3440: 3428: 3416: 3396:, p. 46 3359: 3347: 3340:Brosset 1849 3278: 3266: 3254: 3242: 3230: 3223:Thomson 1996 3206:Thomson 1996 3201: 3189: 3177: 3165: 3153: 3133:, p. 38 3126: 3110: 3098: 3093:, p. 60 3086: 3074: 3059: 3023: 2990:Pennsylvania 2974: 2963: 2953:is known as 2948: 2922: 2911: 2894: 2886:Abdulmesiani 2885: 2863: 2797:1093–1156), 2785: 2766: 2722: 2714: 2706: 2702: 2695: 2660: 2655: 2651: 2622: 2603: 2567: 2561: 2535: 2466: 2455: 2400: 2349:Islamization 2326: 2307:Tao-Klarjeti 2276: 2240:Christianity 2225: 2214:to Northern 2193: 2162: 2131: 2107:Christianity 2096: 2076: 2056: 2040: 2004: 1939: 1918:Saint George 1897: 1892: 1884: 1870:to interior 1848: 1760: 1720: 1693: 1662: 1635: 1581: 1569:Christianity 1546: 1517:Darial Gorge 1502: 1479: 1447: 1412:fortress of 1407: 1369: 1350: 1346:Tao-Klarjeti 1327: 1292: 1272: 1235:In 1110 the 1234: 1204:Seljuk Turks 1190:Under Kings 1189: 1182: 1174:Amirspasalar 1146: 1142:Christianity 1099: 1065:Malik-Shah I 1054: 1029:Aghsartan II 1026: 1003: 980: 949: 937: 893: 858: 841: 833:Tao-Klarjeti 814: 805:Saint George 778: 770: 742: 737:Malik-Shah I 678: 666: 655: 626: 624: 605: 568:Malik-Shah I 560:didi turkoba 559: 540:Seljuk Turks 537: 502: 473: 471: 462: 458: 450: 442: 440: 421: 400:(died 881), 387: 382: 358:აღმაშენებელი 352: 351:The epithet 350: 318:Seljuk Turks 311: 300: 268: 264: 263: 187:Among others 185: 136:(1125-00-00) 47: 6298:1125 deaths 6293:1073 births 6113:Individuals 6076:Children — 6044: [ 5958:George VIII 5953:Vakhtang IV 5948:Alexander I 5853:Vakhtang II 5841:(1256—1329) 5794:Demetrius I 5762:(1008—1256) 5705:Demetrius I 4999:. Tbilisi. 4580:. Chronicle 4020:Norris 2009 3105:, p. 4 2749:Mount Sinai 2569:asomtavruli 2485:Caspian Sea 2454:, emperor ( 2283:Middle East 2208:Caspian Sea 2154:Shirvanshah 1946:Middle East 1799:Middle East 1716:Likhi Range 1678:Shirvanshah 1494:Kievan Rus' 1375: [ 1334:Meskhetians 1264: [ 1024:, in 1101. 983:Abuletisdze 635:coup d'état 521:Marta-Maria 229: [ 170: [ 109:Demetrius I 95:Predecessor 6267:Categories 6223:Saajo Kari 6138:Basil III 5938:George VII 5897:David VIII 5804:George III 5769:Bagrat III 5699:1089–1125 5638:0814330231 5601:5861530041 4763:(in Greek) 4738:Salia 1980 4459:Chronicle. 4419:Salia 1980 4338:Ibn Kathir 4289:Abul-Faraj 4239:2020-08-12 4210:2020-08-12 4183:Salia 1980 4164:Salia 1980 4049:Salia 1980 3825:Salia 1980 3813:Salia 1980 3798:Salia 1980 3786:Salia 1980 3741:Salia 1980 3700:Salia 1980 3634:Allen 1932 3445:Salia 1980 3421:Salia 1980 3319:Salia 1980 3037:References 2986:January 26 2870:Golden Age 2773:Gurandukht 2380:Meskhetian 2353:Shaddadids 2345:Alp Arslan 2071:Christians 1984:Last years 1858:and 5,000 1823:Nakhchivan 1815:Azerbaijan 1689:Arsharunik 1490:Gurandukht 1257:Samshvilde 1247:and Ivane 1050:Kakhetians 1018:Kvirike IV 825:Bagrat III 463:k'oronikon 459:k'oronikon 451:k'oronikon 379:Epigraphic 206:Bagrationi 167:Gurandukht 6189:Arishiani 6159:Liparit V 6078:Demetrius 6065:Spouse — 6039:Mother — 6035:George II 6033:Father — 5963:Bagrat VI 5887:David VII 5830:(jointly) 5828:David VII 5814:George IV 5784:George II 5779:Bagrat IV 5688:George II 5675:238993015 5321:162791512 5015:cite book 4936:cite book 4882:Le Muséon 4843:(1995) . 4679:Rapp 1997 3484:magistros 3271:Rapp 2000 3194:Rapp 2007 3146:Rapp 2007 3079:Rapp 2003 2821:Byzantine 2815:Princess 2804:Princess 2675:Bichvinta 2619:Christian 2579:Psalm 131 2547:Demetrius 2432:Armenians 2421:and from 2365:Georgians 2335:capital, 2329:Christian 2295:Javakheti 2279:Crusaders 2204:Black Sea 2177:Mahmud II 2165:Christian 2150:Georgians 2134:Mahmud II 2115:Georgians 1854:, 15,000 1852:Georgians 1843:Holy Land 1787:Mahmud II 1681:Afridun I 1658:Georgians 1596:Orthodoxy 1577:Georgians 1521:Georgians 1426:Bagrat IV 1391:Javakheti 1387:Javakheti 1365:Kaladzori 1357:Demetrius 1237:Georgians 1196:George II 1192:Bagrat IV 1061:Georgians 1046:Arishiani 978:in 1103. 908:Georgians 889:Orthodoxy 877:Trebizond 781:Georgians 709:orthodoxy 689:Black Sea 662:Byzantine 647:Vakhushti 616:George II 584:Bagrat IV 527:Emperors 525:Byzantine 337:canonized 335:, he was 330:Christian 305:) of the 284:romanized 105:Successor 99:George II 90:1089–1125 6308:Sebastoi 6148:John IV 6128:Dimitri 6083:Vakhtang 5933:Bagrat V 5928:David IX 5923:George V 5907:George V 5868:Bagrat I 5848:David VI 5824:David VI 5789:David IV 5774:George I 5567:(1851). 5438:Georgica 5420:(1976). 5410:41881042 5293:Speculum 5278:(1966). 5264:Traditio 5240:(1996). 5059:. Brill. 4952:(1980). 4233:Archived 4204:Archived 3490:sebastos 2996:See also 2925:Bagrat V 2842:Vakhtang 2769:Armenian 2671:Abkhazia 2639:Armenian 2573:scholar 2493:Shamakhi 2481:Kipchaks 2457:basileus 2442:and the 2415:Nicopsia 2407:Caucasus 2376:Abkhazia 2361:Armenian 2333:Armenian 2320:Plan of 2266:, while 2252:Caucasus 2200:Gulistan 2173:Shamakhi 2169:Kipchaks 2146:Shamakhi 2113:and the 2111:Caucasus 2015:Caucasus 1940:Besides 1930:Crusades 1914:Caucasus 1876:Manglisi 1868:Trialeti 1856:Kipchaks 1827:Mazyadid 1803:Damascus 1765:and the 1731:Kipchaks 1700:Abkhazia 1638:Abkhazia 1584:Kipchaks 1515:via the 1507:and his 1464:against 1462:Caucasus 1432:went to 1410:Armenian 1383:Georgian 1370:in 1118 1338:Klarjeti 1311:Mukhrani 1042:Heretian 1022:Mtskheta 1014:George I 964:Kldekari 960:Trialeti 916:Abkhazia 853:Caucasus 821:Caucasus 783:and the 776:nomads. 774:Turkoman 739:in 1092. 693:Abkhazia 657:sebastos 631:Asatiani 544:Anatolia 505:Caucasus 390:ordinals 326:Caucasus 273:Georgian 265:David IV 250:Khelrtva 239:Religion 6179:Abuleti 6164:Rati IV 6052:Aunt — 5863:Michael 5819:Rusudan 5799:David V 5313:2846872 4928:Tbilisi 4794:Sources 2979:by the 2970:Tbilisi 2951:Kutaisi 2944:Ilia II 2918:Georgia 2897:Seljuks 2878:Rusudan 2872:of the 2840:Prince 2781:Kipchak 2667:Tbilisi 2663:Kutaisi 2647:Haghpat 2635:Seljuks 2543:Tbilisi 2501:Kakheti 2489:Shirvan 2477:Lezgins 2452:Messiah 2450:of the 2419:Derbent 2411:Georgia 2388:Georgia 2384:Abuleti 2357:Armenia 2341:capture 2299:Basiani 2291:Armenia 2281:in the 2272:Georgia 2268:Derbent 2232:Shirvan 2228:Tbilisi 2216:Armenia 2206:to the 2196:Shirvan 2181:Shirvan 2132:Sultan 2123:Shirvan 2109:in the 2099:Tbilisi 2083:Dmanisi 2067:Muslims 2063:Tbilisi 2059:Kutaisi 2048:mosques 2036:Dmanisi 2032:Tbilisi 2009:at the 1922:Ilghazi 1900:Muslims 1880:Didgori 1811:Tughril 1779:Dmanisi 1775:Tbilisi 1723:Mtkvari 1696:Georgia 1674:Derbent 1665:Shirvan 1650:Khupati 1642:Mtkvari 1618:Derbent 1588:Georgia 1565:Kurdish 1482:Kipchak 1438:Kipchak 1422:Agarani 1361:Shirvan 1319:Rustavi 1303:Georgia 1283:Georgia 1245:Abuleti 1239:led by 1208:monaspa 1200:Muslims 1185:darbazi 1118:Urbnisi 1108:of the 1069:Crusade 1044:nobles 1006:Georgia 765:Georgia 761:Muslims 749:Kutaisi 685:Shirvan 664:title. 612:Seljuks 610:of the 608:ravages 588:Kakheti 572:Tbilisi 562:, "the 554:at the 339:by the 333:culture 201:Dynasty 141:Tbilisi 125:Kutaisi 79:more... 6054:Martha 6026:Family 5673: 5635: 5598: 5542: 5523: 5476: 5457: 5408: 5389: 5370: 5338: 5319: 5311: 5248: 5221:11 May 5212: 5191: 5174:606617 5172: 5036: 5003: 4982: 4963: 4911: 4873: 4851: 4829: 4808: 4717:, 2006 4713: 4705:, in: 4298:Franks 3118: 2957:. The 2860:Legacy 2855:kings; 2731:Family 2725:Ikalto 2717:Athens 2709:Gelati 2683:Geguti 2679:Kartli 2558:Burial 2505:Muslim 2497:Hereti 2440:Alania 2423:Alania 2311:Oltisi 2248:Muslim 2185:Atabeg 2158:Kharaj 2142:Tabriz 2044:Orbeli 1978:Arabic 1942:Europe 1872:Kartli 1835:Aleppo 1807:Aleppo 1801:(from 1783:Seljuk 1767:Muslim 1708:Kartli 1669:Qabala 1646:Geguti 1614:Darial 1557:Hereti 1553:Kartli 1466:Muslim 1418:Agarak 1403:Araxes 1395:Jaqeli 1330:Kartli 1323:Seljuk 1261:Dzerna 1253:Seljuk 1249:Orbeli 1073:Atabeg 932:copper 881:Mariam 865:Greece 757:Seljuk 697:Kartli 576:Kartli 513:Borena 363:Bagrat 275:: 222:Mother 212:Father 159:Spouse 147:Burial 6194:Baram 6088:Tamar 6048:] 6041:Elene 5744:Kings 5671:S2CID 5590:[ 5573:[ 5506:[ 5493:[ 5424:[ 5362:[ 5317:S2CID 5309:JSTOR 5170:JSTOR 5073:Paris 4285:Tamar 2977:saint 2929:Timur 2912:The " 2890:Tamar 2827:1116; 2806:Tamar 2777:Cuman 2745:Jesus 2631:David 2615:Bible 2524:Death 2473:Kurds 2448:Sword 2436:Shaki 2434:, of 2305:, in 2303:Speri 2189:Arran 2028:Arabs 1974:Quran 1860:Alans 1833:from 1821:from 1819:Arran 1795:Islam 1791:jihad 1771:Ganja 1727:Barda 1498:Alans 1486:Otrok 1484:khan 1379:] 1353:Gishi 1268:] 1158:monks 1114:Ruisi 1089:David 1077:Ganja 1033:Islam 952:Islam 785:Turks 233:] 226:Elene 181:Issue 174:] 87:Reign 6093:Kata 5633:ISBN 5596:ISBN 5540:ISBN 5521:ISBN 5474:ISBN 5455:ISBN 5406:OCLC 5387:ISBN 5368:ISBN 5336:ISBN 5246:ISBN 5223:2012 5210:ISBN 5189:ISBN 5143:link 5136:help 5115:Rome 5101:link 5094:help 5034:ISBN 5021:link 5001:ISBN 4980:ISBN 4961:ISBN 4942:link 4909:ISBN 4871:ISBN 4865:In: 4849:ISBN 4827:ISBN 4806:ISBN 4711:ISBN 3116:ISBN 2853:Alan 2817:Kata 2775:, a 2665:and 2604:The 2499:and 2392:Gori 2369:Emir 2069:and 2034:and 1817:and 1805:and 1777:and 1586:and 1537:Avar 1533:Avar 1531:Old 1416:and 1414:Lori 1332:and 1293:The 1194:and 1116:and 962:and 941:duke 896:Kata 801:icon 695:and 625:The 531:and 383:didi 373:and 302:mepe 297:king 134:1125 131:Died 122:1073 119:Born 62:icon 5746:of 5663:doi 5301:doi 5162:doi 5158:120 4890:doi 4886:107 2681:or 2645:of 2641:), 2583:132 2462:God 2444:Rus 2417:to 2343:by 2337:Ani 2322:Ani 2187:of 2061:to 1359:to 1342:Tao 1075:of 918:). 803:of 427:by 422:Le 385:). 64:at 6269:: 6046:ka 5669:. 5657:. 5440:. 5315:. 5307:. 5297:11 5295:. 5282:. 5266:. 5168:. 5156:. 5127:: 5125:}} 5121:{{ 5085:: 5083:}} 5079:{{ 5017:}} 5013:{{ 4938:}} 4934:{{ 4926:. 4884:. 4656:^ 4641:^ 4609:^ 4510:^ 4502:, 4480:^ 4465:^ 4457:, 4375:^ 4340:, 4325:, 4270:, 4255:, 4231:. 4227:. 4202:. 4198:. 4171:^ 4104:^ 3950:^ 3935:^ 3920:^ 3893:^ 3878:^ 3847:^ 3832:^ 3805:^ 3778:^ 3763:^ 3748:^ 3731:^ 3692:^ 3665:^ 3626:^ 3599:^ 3584:^ 3569:^ 3542:^ 3527:^ 3510:^ 3487:, 3481:, 3452:^ 3401:^ 3386:^ 3371:^ 3326:^ 3311:^ 3290:^ 3213:^ 3138:^ 3045:^ 2899:. 2892:. 2825:c. 2795:c. 2727:. 2685:. 2649:. 2475:, 2446:, 2438:, 2218:. 2089:. 2038:. 1773:, 1477:. 1381:a 1377:ka 1313:, 1270:. 1266:ka 1144:. 930:A 891:. 719:. 535:. 478:c. 447:c. 377:. 369:, 343:. 281:, 231:ka 172:ka 81:) 6154:) 6150:( 6144:) 6140:( 6134:) 6130:( 6061:) 6057:( 6011:e 6004:t 5997:v 5826:- 5736:e 5729:t 5722:v 5677:. 5665:: 5659:9 5641:. 5604:. 5560:. 5550:. 5548:. 5529:. 5482:. 5463:. 5442:1 5412:. 5395:. 5376:. 5344:. 5323:. 5303:: 5270:. 5268:I 5254:. 5225:. 5197:. 5176:. 5164:: 5145:) 5138:) 5134:( 5103:) 5096:) 5092:( 5042:. 5023:) 5009:. 4988:. 4969:. 4944:) 4917:. 4896:. 4892:: 4857:. 4835:. 4814:. 4784:. 4769:. 4345:. 4274:. 4242:. 4213:. 2848:; 2837:; 2793:( 2779:- 2581:( 2001:. 1749:. 1543:. 914:( 811:. 453:( 355:( 299:( 286:: 271:( 77:( 34:. 20:)

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