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informer. Fogel was even taken into custody by
Harding Smith's men for a three-hour period during which he was warned that he must leave the Shankill. When Tommy Herron, the formidable East Belfast brigadier and the UDA's vice-chairman and spokesman, appeared on the scene to challenge Harding Smith's leadership, Fogel was ousted from his position of power. Fearing there would be an attempt on his life, Fogel left the UDA and Northern Ireland for good in January 1973, transferring to England for a life of safe obscurity. Immediately before he left, Fogel had been summond to a "meeting" in an East Belfast UDA club and decided to leave before it was due to take place, fearing he would be walking into an ambush.
399:, a loyalist stronghold in south Belfast, to pick up a gun and whilst drunk had pointed it at patrons of the local UDA club. He was taken outside by a local UDA member and the two had a fight over the gun. Other local UDA men got involved and one of them pointed a shotgun at Elliott in an attempt to get him to back off but the gun went off killing Elliott instantly. The shooter fled to England but returned in 1983 and confessed his role in the death, also confirming that it had all been a drunken brawl which at no point involved any ideological concerns.
297:, a glazier from Crumlin Road, assumed command of the UDA. It was structured along military lines into battalions, companies, platoons, and sections and had continued to draw new members within its ranks, becoming the largest loyalist paramilitary organisation, having about 50,000 members in 1972. The UDA was legal at the time; it remained so until 1992 when it was eventually proscribed by the government. Fogel took control of west Belfast during Harding Smith's absence, and became leader of the UDA's B Company which covered the Woodvale area.
269:(UDA) with Charles Harding Smith as its first commander and Fogel as the second most powerful man in the organisation. He continued to train the new recruits to the local Woodvale UDA unit, of which there were many. According to author Ian S. Wood, Fogel admitted the following: "I taught them about unarmed combat – you know, how to break a nose, burst an ear drum, dislocate a spine." He also gave them lectures on guerrilla fighting and the methods of interrogation employed by British security forces in Northern Ireland.
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bodyguards to look after him. He later described his role within the UDA during 1972 as having been a "bit of a policeman, magistrate and welfare worker". He often presided over unofficial UDA courts where local offenders from the community were tried. If found guilty, the culprits were given punishment beatings. At the end of the summer of 1972, Fogel, emerging leader
402:
Fogel believed he was being set up by his associates and before long
Harding Smith moved against him. Fogel was accused of embezzling funds from the UDA by Harding Smith, who also claimed that a senior Army officer had warned him that Fogel was, in some unspecified manner, a danger to the UDA and an
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That same month the UDA marched through the city centre of
Belfast in a massive show of strength. Fogel's power in west Belfast rose and as a result he received many visitors to his home which included American congressmen. It was at that time he received his nickname "Big Dave". He also hired two
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Following
Harding Smith's release from imprisonment and subsequent return to Belfast, there was a power struggle within the UDA. Harding Smith had declared to his men upon his return: "I'm the boss. I take orders from no one". Harding Smith became joint Chairman of the UDA with Jim Anderson while
179:
In June 1970 at a pigeon fanciers' club, he militarised the
Woodvale Defence Association (WDA) and trained them as a military unit. He continued to instruct the new UDA recruits in military tactics and gave lectures on Army and police interrogation methods and urban guerrilla fighting. He was the
353:
were sent to the area, where a stand-off with the UDA ensued. In the street negotiations it was agreed that, despite what
Whitelaw had stated in the previous meeting, the UDA could erect small temporary barriers and loose plans were put in place for joint UDA-Army patrols, something that the UDA
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in a booby-trap car bomb outside his home. Charles
Harding Smith was long out of the picture. From 1973 to 1975, he had tried in vain to wrest the UDA leadership from Tyrie; finally he had been forced to leave Northern Ireland after surviving several assassination attempts by republicans and by
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The first thing I did was to tell each likely man to find one more reliable man. Then I did the same with them. That way we got a decent number – about forty. I began to train the men as a military unit. We marched and drilled and used a field out in Antrim for some training – crawling over the
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Later that year Tommy Herron was shot dead, Jim
Anderson had voluntarily stood down, and Andy Tyrie was appointed chairman. Tyrie, an early recruit from the WDA, soon became the UDA's Supreme Commander, a position he would hold until March 1988 when an attempted car-bombing brought about his
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He enjoyed the important position he held within the WDA, acknowledging that he "walked around the streets with the power of life and death over people". In
September 1971, the WDA and other vigilante groups merged into the umbrella paramilitary organisation known as the
248:. Three Protestants had been killed, and this had made such a strong impression on Fogel that he wanted to take direct action against the nationalist Catholic community. When Fogel interrupted the meeting, shouting out that "talk was not enough", the WDA's leader
341:. Fogel had been a strong advocate of sealing off streets linking to nationalist areas and in July 1972 advocated shutting off Ainsworth Avenue even though it would have meant some fifty Catholic families living on the street would be cut off from the
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On 7 December 1972, Elliott's body was discovered in the boot of Fogel's car; the outcome of the internal UDA feud. He had been killed by a shotgun blast to the face. Rumours circulated that
Elliott had been killed because he was a
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grass, up rope ladders, hand-to-hand-combat, target practice. I showed them how to make fire bombs. We also carved wooden guns for our training. ... But it would be dishonest to pretend that real guns didn't exist.
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were brought to his home in southern England for an interview. In the course of the interview, Fogel informed them that the UDA had already imported several shipments of illegal arms, including one brought through the
426:. The revelations caused alarm among the UDA leadership as they were still presenting themselves as law-abiding and feared the organisation might face legal sanctions if their stockpiling of weapons came out.
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and enjoyed much prestige in 1972, having erected the first UDA street barricades and roadblocks in Woodvale. He left the organisation early in 1973 after he was ousted from power during an internal feud.
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in 1965. His job in the Army was to look after weapon stores; this is where he first became acquainted with guns and learned how to use them. When he left the Army in 1968, he married a
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At the end of May, Fogel organised the first UDA roadblocks and barricades, sealing off the Woodvale area into a "no go" zone which the UDA controlled. Anderson, the
366:(UVF), had carried out 121 killings that they called "assassinations. About two-thirds were Catholic victims of what republicans would term "loyalist death squads".
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362:, and other UDA leaders met with an Army general to discuss the issue of street barricades. By the end of that year, the UDA and their loyalist rivals, the
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Fogel took up Harding Smith's suggestion and quickly became his second-in-command. In a candid interview with British journalist Peter Taylor, Fogel stated
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retirement. Less than four months before on 27 December 1987, the Provisional IRA had succeeded in blowing up influential South Belfast brigadier
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soldier who had served in Northern Ireland before marrying a local Belfast woman and settling down with his family in Woodvale, Belfast.
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383:(OIRA) in Dublin in an attempt to seek common ground and explore the possibility of reaching a working-class settlement with Catholics.
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commander approved of his action and gave Fogel his full support, and the operation attracted much media and press coverage.
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engineering plant until he was made redundant in 1970. Thereafter he found casual work and collected unemployment benefits.
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and held within the Shankill. When the plan became known, William Whitelaw was called on by Ainsworth Avenue Catholics and
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magazine described him as a "tough, salty Londoner" who commanded the Woodvale Defence Association. In an interview with
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Fogel was interested in taking the organisation down a political path. He, along with UDA "enforcer"
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240:(WDA) in late June 1970 at a meeting held in a pigeon fanciers' club on Leopold Street just off the
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had gone to London to purchase arms and were subsequently arrested in April 1972 for gun-running,
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Fogel was born in London, England and first arrived in Northern Ireland as a private in the
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journalists, Fogel spoke of his contempt for the middle-class politicians that made up the
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Fogel's final involvement came just after he left Belfast when two journalists from the
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area and had been one of the worst hit streets in a series of riots that blighted this
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leadership announced at a press conference in the Europa Hotel that same night.
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asked him to "put some order" into the men and give them military training.
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in December 1971. Shortly afterwards, the British government suspended the
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Ulster's Uncertain Defenders: Loyalists and the Northern Ireland Conflict
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395:. However it later emerged that Elliott, a heavy drinker, had gone to
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second-in-command to the WDA's leader and the UDA's first commander,
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Fogel first became involved in the loyalist vigilante group the
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184:. Fogel was the leader of the UDA's B Company, 2nd Battalion,
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168:(WDA) which later merged with other groups becoming the
318:. In June, he and two other of his associates drove to
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His fellow members in attendance at the meeting were
157:, also known as "Big Dave" (born 1945), was a former
213:. Palmer Street was close to the interface with the
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1391:Ulster Loyalist Central Co-ordinating Committee
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244:. He had gone to the meeting following the
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445:. London: Bloomsbury Publishing Plc. p.100
349:troops under the command of Major-General
277:The UDA saw its first gun battle with the
172:(UDA). Born in London, Fogel was a former
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47:. Please do not remove this message until
456:UDA – Inside the Heart of Loyalist Terror
454:McDonald, Henry & Jim Cusack (2004).
67:Learn how and when to remove this message
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43:Relevant discussion may be found on the
1205:Paddy Wilson and Irene Andrews killings
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474:Crimes of Loyalty. A History of the UDA
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324:Secretary of State for Northern Ireland
1104:North Antrim & Londonderry Brigade
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161:and a leading member of the loyalist
7:
289:from London. When Harding Smith and
1241:Attack on James Murray's bookmakers
1459:Ulster Defence Association members
1341:Combined Loyalist Military Command
503:. Belfast: Appletree Press. p. 125
476:. Edinburgh University Press. p. 7
412:members of the pro-Tyrie faction.
14:
1235:Sean Graham bookmakers' shooting
598:McDonald & Cusack, pp. 34–35
458:. Dublin: Penguin Ireland. p. 19
22:
1401:Ulster Political Research Group
1346:Loyalist Association of Workers
1464:Military personnel from London
1406:Ulster Workers' Council strike
381:Official Irish Republican Army
283:Parliament of Northern Ireland
224:. He worked as a machinist in
1:
379:, even had meetings with the
1421:Woodvale Defence Association
1371:Shankill Defence Association
1361:Real Ulster Freedom Fighters
1223:Biddy Mulligan's pub bombing
1193:Top of the Hill bar shooting
612:McDonald & Cusack, p. 35
580:McDonald & Cusack, p. 34
559:McDonald & Cusack, p. 29
547:McDonald & Cusack, p. 30
238:Woodvale Defence Association
232:Woodvale Defence Association
166:Woodvale Defence Association
134:Woodvale Defence Association
1416:Volunteer (Ulster loyalist)
96:1945 (age 78–79)
49:conditions to do so are met
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995:William "Bucky" McCullough
661:Ulster Defence Association
267:Ulster Defence Association
170:Ulster Defence Association
138:Ulster Defence Association
1431:bold indicates brigadiers
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1078:South East Antrim Brigade
1005:Billy "Twister" McQuiston
698:position abolished (1988)
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199:Royal Army Ordnance Corps
174:Royal Army Ordnance Corps
1229:Milltown Cemetery attack
1000:Stephen "Top Gun" McKeag
808:Andre & Ihab Shoukri
1381:Ulster Democratic Party
530:"The World: The U.D.A."
1411:Ulster Young Militants
1217:Dublin Airport bombing
1199:New Lodge Six shooting
935:William "Winkie" Dodds
499:Nelson, Sarah (1984).
441:Taylor, Peter (1999).
364:Ulster Volunteer Force
322:to negotiate with the
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246:Battle of St Matthew's
1055:"Fat" Jackie Thompson
1032:Gary "Smickers" Smyth
1026:Charles Harding Smith
826:South Belfast Brigade
769:North Belfast Brigade
713:Albert "Ginger" Baker
687:Charles Harding Smith
472:Wood, Ian S. (2006).
316:Ulster Unionist Party
257:
250:Charles Harding Smith
182:Charles Harding Smith
132:Senior member of the
1211:Murder of Ann Ogilby
890:West Belfast Brigade
733:Jim "Doris Day" Gray
706:East Belfast Brigade
377:Ernie "Duke" Elliott
186:West Belfast Brigade
136:(1970–1971) and the
1376:Ulster Army Council
1247:Castlerock killings
1187:Benny's Bar bombing
1010:James "Sham" Millar
680:Chairmen of the UDA
273:Role within the UDA
36:of this article is
1396:Ulster nationalism
1366:Red Hand Defenders
1253:Greysteel massacre
1148:Mid-Ulster Brigade
589:Taylor, pp. 101–02
124:Soldier, machinist
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1263:Prominent victims
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1334:Related articles
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538:, 24 July 1972.
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57:December 2015
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1318:Ned McCreery
1306:Gerard Casey
1300:Pat Finucane
1276:John Turnley
1270:Paddy Wilson
1163:Eddie Sayers
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1136:
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1020:Brian Nelson
1015:Wendy Millar
974:Tommy Lyttle
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899:Johnny Adair
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784:John Bunting
782:
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726:Billy Elliot
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672:the Troubles
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1454:1945 births
1294:James Craig
1282:Miriam Daly
1087:Joe English
1037:Sammy Smyth
985:Sam McCrory
941:Hester Dunn
924:James Craig
918:Mo Courtney
906:Ken Barrett
844:James Craig
834:David Adams
790:Sammy Duddy
719:Jimmy Birch
695:(1973-1988)
689:(1971-1973)
393:Che Guevara
351:Robert Ford
287:direct rule
215:nationalist
140:(1971–1973)
105:Nationality
93:David Fogel
1443:Categories
1112:Glenn Barr
1094:John Gregg
1067:John White
1061:Andy Tyrie
1043:Jim Spence
961:Billy Hull
951:Davy Fogel
839:Joe Bratty
801:Davy Payne
693:Andy Tyrie
517:Wood, p. 8
430:References
360:Andy Tyrie
339:Billy Hull
291:John White
205:girl from
203:Protestant
193:Early life
83:Davy Fogel
34:neutrality
855:Alex Kerr
443:Loyalists
397:Sandy Row
163:vigilante
45:talk page
1119:Ken Kerr
320:Stormont
302:de facto
226:Mackie's
159:loyalist
116:Big Dave
38:disputed
1179:Actions
669:during
389:Marxist
218:Ardoyne
207:Belfast
108:British
1326:(1999)
1320:(1992)
1314:(1991)
1308:(1989)
1302:(1989)
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1272:(1973)
1255:(1993)
1249:(1993)
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1231:(1988)
1225:(1975)
1219:(1975)
1213:(1974)
1207:(1973)
1201:(1973)
1195:(1972)
1189:(1972)
155:Fogel
147:David
535:Time
337:and
312:Time
307:Time
151:Davy
89:Born
31:The
1445::
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326:,
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653:e
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55:(
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41:.
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