Day-care sex-abuse hysteria

301:. The case also involved accusations that children had been forced to participate in bizarre religious rituals, and being used to make child pornography. The case began with a single accusation, made by a mother—who was later found to be a paranoid schizophrenic—of one of the students, but grew rapidly when investigators informed parents of the accusation, and began interviewing other students. The case made headlines nationally during 1984, and seven teachers were arrested and charged that year. However, when a new district attorney took over the case in 1986, his office re-examined the evidence, and dismissed charges against all but two of the original defendants. Their trials became one of the longest and most expensive criminal trials in the history of the United States, but in 1990, all of these charges were also dismissed. The trial was met with disapproval by both its jurors and academic researchers, who criticized the interviewing techniques that investigators had used in their investigations of the school, alleging that interviewers had "coaxed" children into making unfounded accusations, repeatedly asking children the same questions, and offering various incentives until the children reported having been abused. Most scholars now agree that the accusations these interviews elicited from children were false. Sociologist 394:. After Amirault changed the pants on a young boy who had wet himself, the boy's mother, uncle, and therapist questioned him over a period of months, until the boy alleged that Amirault had been sexually abusing him. The boy's mother then telephoned a child abuse hotline to report that her son had been abused sexually, and Amirault was arrested soon thereafter. As a result of the 1986 trial, Amirault was convicted of assaulting and raping nine children, and sentenced to 30 to 40 years in state prison. In a separate trial, his mother, Violet Amirault, and sister, Cheryl Amirault LeFave, were also convicted of similar charges, and sentenced to jail for 8 to 20 years. According to Richard Beck, the case developed "in the usual way" compared to other moral panic cases, with more and more children making increasingly bizarre allegations against the accused during the course of the investigation. The allegations included reports of "bad clowns," robots, "magic rooms," and animals being tortured. According to Beck, one of the prosecutors responsible for the case commented that coaxing allegations out of the children had been like “getting blood from a stone.” 461:. Five other allegations were made. Baran was tried in the Berkshire County courthouse 105 days after the first allegation, a swiftness noted in the later court rulings. The courtroom was closed during the children's testimony, which Baran claimed violated his right to a public trial. Baran's defense attorney was later ruled ineffective. Baran was convicted on January 30, 1985, of three counts of rape of a child, and five counts of indecent assault and battery. He was sentenced to three life terms, plus 8 to 20 years on each charge. Baran maintained his innocence throughout his case. In 1999, a new legal team accepted his case. In 2004, hearings began in a motion for a new trial. In 2006, Baran was granted a new trial, and released on $ 50,000 bail. In May 2009, the Massachusetts Appeals Court affirmed the new trial ruling, setting aside the 1985 convictions. The Berkshire County District Attorney's office dismissed the original charges, and Baran's record was cleared. 744:, was found guilty of 16 counts of sexual abuse against children in 1992, and served seven years in jail. Four female co-workers were also arrested on 15 charges of abuse, but were released after these charges were dismissed. Peter Ellis consistently denied any abuse, and although he passed away in September 2019, on 7 October 2022 New Zealand's Supreme Court unanimously quashed Mr Ellis' convictions. The Court found major problems in the evidence of the prosecution's expert witness, ruling that it departed from appropriate standards and "lacked balance, suffered from problematic circular reasoning and had the overall effect of suggesting to the jury that “clusters” of behavior support a finding of sexual abuse...", and that although the risk of the complainants' evidence being contaminated was traversed at the 1993 trial, the jury was not fairly informed of the level of risk. 653:

David-Campbell, who elicited details that included Keller defecating on her head and sexually assaulting her with a pen. During the time leading up to the trial, two other children from the day care offered similar accusations. According to the children, the couple served blood-laced Kool-Aid, and forced them to have videotaped sex with adults and other children. The Kellers, they said, sometimes wore white robes and lit candles before hurting them. The children also accused the Kellers of forcing them to watch or participate with the killing and dismembering of cats, dogs, and a crying baby. Bodies were unearthed in cemeteries, and new holes were dug to hide freshly killed animals. At one point, an adult passer-by was shot and dismembered with a chainsaw. The children recalled several airplane flights, including one to

2079:"The McMartin affair was followed by dozens of comparable cases in all parts of the country, all involving bizarre or ritualistic methods of abuse and all sharing similar backgrounds. Whether in Bakersfield (California), Jordan (Minnesota), Edenton, (North Carolina), Martensville (Canada) or Wenatchee (Washington), the affair generally began with a limited, plausible allegation... in the ensuing investigation, interrogation of child "victims" produced evidence that far more abuse had occurred than originally thought, and ultimately the compounding reports and rumors would implicate dozens of local residents in what could only be called sex rings or cults. Supposed victims were questioned, until they confirmed the charges and offered their own creative embellishments." 2115:"In the 1980s and early 1990s the United States witnessed an epidemic of what some commentators have called 'Satanic panic' ... contributing to the panic was a national outbreak of so-called 'daycare abuse' cases, in which groups of young children alleged that they had been sexually abused by their caretakers and forced to participate in bizarre ceremonies with satanic overtones. Many social scientists, scholars, and legal authorities now view the stories of Satanic conspiracy that circulated in the 1980s as urban legends, and the daycare abuse cases as historical aberrations... Psychological researchers have taken a special interest in the interviewing techniques in these cases, which apparently induced children to make false accusations." 117:—wrote that children incorporate aspects of the interviewer's questions into their answers, as an attempt to tell the interviewer what the child believes is being sought. Studies also show that when adults ask children questions that do not make sense (such as: "is milk bigger than water?" or "is red heavier than yellow?"), most children will offer an answer, believing that there is an answer to be given, rather than understanding the absurdity of the question. Furthermore, repeated questioning of children causes them to change their answers. This is because the children perceive the repeated questioning as a sign that they did not give the "correct" answer previously. Children are also especially susceptible to leading and 518:, during April 1985, Margaret Kelly Michaels was indicted for 299 offenses in connection with the sexual assault of 33 children. Michaels denied the charges. "The prosecution produced expert witnesses who said that almost all the children displayed symptoms of sexual abuse." Prosecution witnesses testified that the children "had regressed into such behavior as bed-wetting and defecating in their clothing. The witnesses said the children became afraid to be left alone or to stay in the dark." Some of the other teachers testified against her. "The defense argued that Michaels did not have the time or opportunity to go to a location where all the activities could have taken place without someone seeing her." 672:,” and constituted what he considered possible “signs of sexual abuse.” Mouw's determination was confirmed by pediatrician Beth Nauert, who agreed at the time that the child had “deformities to her vaginal area that could be signs of sexual abuse.” However, Nauert would notably examine the child two weeks after Mouw, and “found no signs of any deformities.” Three years after the 1992 trial, Mouw attended a medical seminar hosted by Nauert that “detailed normal variations of female genitalia” in a slide presentation. Mouw stated that the presentation included a photo that was identical to what he had observed in the girl. In 2009, Mouw issued a reversal on his prior claims, after being contacted by 714:, during 1994 and 1995, police and state social workers performed what was then termed the nation's most extensive child sex-abuse investigation. Forty-three adults were arrested on 29,726 charges of child sex abuse involving 60 children. Parents, Sunday school teachers, and a pastor were charged, and many were convicted of abusing their own children or the children of others in the community. However, prosecutors were unable to provide any physical evidence of the charges. The main witness was the 13-year-old foster daughter of police officer Robert Perez, who had investigated the cases. A jury found the city of Wenatchee and 2763:

teacher's aide. The allegations in this case emanate from his contact with pre-school children who were enrolled in this facility. The first family to bring accusations against Mr. Baran was that of Boy A. Previously, the boy's father had filed a complaint with ECDC objecting to Mr. Baran being allowed to work with children because he was a homosexual. On September 12th, 1984, the ECDC Board of Directors discussed Mr. Baran's sexuality and his possible termination. On October 5th, 1984, this family contacted the police to report that Mr. Baran had molested their child."

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by the interviewer. Additionally, positive reinforcement by the interviewer can taint child testimony. Often, such reinforcement is given to encourage a spirit of cooperation by the child, but impartiality can quickly end as the interviewer nods, smiles, or offers verbal encouragement to "helpful" statements. Some studies show that when interviewers make reassuring statements to child witnesses, the children are more likely to fabricate stories of past events that never occurred.

335:. In 1985, Frank was found guilty of 14 counts of abuse. He was sentenced to prison with a minimum length of 165 years. Fuster's alleged victims testified that he led them in Satanic rituals, and terrorized them by forcing them to watch him mutilate birds—a lesson to children who might reveal the abuse. Fuster had been previously convicted for manslaughter and molesting a 9-year-old child. Testimony from children in the case was elicited by 2148:

Satanic or ritualistic overtones. Some scholars continue to take the view that these cases were genuine and involved actual ritual abuse (Faller, 1996; Summit, 1994). However, skepticism has become widespread among research psychologists. An extensive body of research, arising in the wake of the day-care cases of the 1980s, has identified a variety of interviewing techniques that can induce children to make false reports.

1004:, telephoned the police to claim that her son had been sodomized there. It didn't matter that the woman was eventually found to be a paranoid schizophrenic, and that the accusations she made – of teachers who took children on airplane rides to Palm Springs and lured them into a labyrinth of tunnels where the accused "flew in the air" and others were "all dressed up as witches" ... 623:. The accusations started when a young girl told her mother that " showed me his penis," after which the mother contacted the police. After interviews, nine other children accused Akiki of killing animals, such as a giraffe and an elephant, and drinking their blood in front of the children. He was found not guilty of the 35 counts of child abuse and kidnapping in his 1993 trial. 485:

approach'. More children reported being abused sexually, increasing the total to 30. Three more day care facilities also were investigated for sexual abuse. On August 11, 1984, federal funds were ended to the Head Start preschool program at the Praca Day Care Center, and three employees had been arrested. In June 1985, the day care facility was reopened with new sponsorship.

2035:"During the 1980s and early 1990s, American newspaper headlines tracked an epidemic of bizarre sexual abuse cases as it spread across the nation. From California to Massachusetts to Florida, hundreds of young children reported being victimized by their teacher and daycare workers, often in orgies involving sex rings or satanic cults." 2082:"Most day care and preschool prosecutions resulted in either the acquittal of the accused or the conviction of some individuals on counts that involved neither satanic nor ritualistic elements. Even these convictions were often overturned when appeals courts examined the means by which testimony had been elicited from children." 137:

conflicting claims about how children tend to play with these dolls (some studies suggest that children who have been sexually abused play with them in a more sexually explicit manner, while other studies have found no correlation), no meaningful conclusions can be drawn from how a particular child plays.

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questioned testimony from the children that had been elicited with dubious interrogation techniques, and wrote: "no sane person reading the transcripts of these interrogations can doubt the wholesale fabrications of evidence on which this case was built." Rabinowitz was a finalist in 1996, and winner

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alleged that a local woman who had a babysitting service and day care facility in her home had sexually abused her child. Police began an investigation, resulting in a sudden increase of allegations. More than a dozen persons, including five police officers from two different forces, were ultimately

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district attorney's office announced that Fran Keller, now age 63, was being released on bond and her husband, Dan Keller, who was convicted at the same time, would be released within a week as a result of a deal with their lawyers. "There is a reasonable likelihood that (the medical expert's) false

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Interviewer bias also influences child testimony. When an interviewer has a preconceived notion as to the truth of the matter being investigated, the questioning is performed so as to extract statements that evidence these beliefs. As a result, evidence that could disprove the belief is never sought

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Travis Sterling, son of the day care's owners, was convicted of two counts of sexual assault. He was the only person convicted. ... Early reports of the case suggested the alleged abuse was part of a satanic ritual, but after an RCMP task force took over the investigation, it concluded the original

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The nightmare that descended on Martensville, Saskatchewan began when a local mother had some grave suspicions. She worked as a nurse at a Saskatoon hospital and left her kids with a babysitter only a few blocks from her home. ... By the spring of 1992 Martensville was reeling with rumours about a

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The Rev. Nathaniel Grady, a pious man and a fiery orator, was born to do the Lord's work. As a boy, he walked to Sunday school hand-in-hand with his mother and sister. As an adult, he became a Methodist minister, shepherding a devoted flock in the rugged East Bronx while fostering friendships with

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In 1988, Williams, an office manager, was convicted and sentenced to 10 years in prison. She pleaded no contest to sexual abuse and attempted kidnapping charges involving five boys, and she was released from prison in 1993 after serving five years. In 1989, Toward, the owner of Glendale Montessori

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upheld the appellate court's decision, and declared, "the interviews of the children were highly improper and utilized coercive and unduly suggestive methods". A three judge panel ruled she had been denied a fair trial, because, "the prosecution of the case had relied on testimony that should have

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During the late 1970s and early 1980s, many more mothers were working outside of the home, resulting in the opening of large numbers of day-care facilities. Anxiety and guilt due to leaving young children with strangers may have created a climate of fear and readiness to believe false accusations.

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Superior Court Criminal Action No. 18042-51. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts versus Bernard F. Baran, Jr. Memorandum of Decision and Order on Defendant's Motion For A New Trial. 2006-06-21. Background, p. 6. "In 1984, Bernard Baran worked at the Early Childhood Development Center ('ECDC') as a

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Peer pressure also influences children to fabricate stories. Studies show that when a child witness is told that his or her friends have already testified that certain events occurred, the child witness is more likely to create a matching story. The status of the interviewer can also influence a

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task force assumed control of the investigation. It concluded the original investigation was motivated by "emotional hysteria". During 2003, defendants sued for wrongful prosecution. In 2004, Richard and Kari Klassen received $ 100,000 each, out of the $ 1.5 million compensation awarded for the

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During the 1980s a series of highly publicized “daycare ritual abuse cases” erupted in communities across the United States and Europe. The cases typically involved allegations by preschool children that they had been terrorized and sexually abused by day-care workers in bizarre scenarios with

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Violet and Cheryl were granted a new trial in 1997, on the basis that they had been denied the right to face their accusers and had been represented inadequately at trial, but Violet died, and a judge reduced Cheryl's sentence to time served before the new trial could proceed. During 2001, the

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in questioning victims of sexual abuse/molestation, there are also critics of this practice. These critics say that because of the novelty of the dolls, children will act out sexually explicit acts with the dolls even if the child has not been sexually abused. Another criticism is that, due to

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Three employees of another Bronx day-care center were arrested in August 1984, on the charges of abusing at least ten children in their care. Federal and city investigators then questioned dozens of children at the day care. They were reported as having used 'dolls, gentle words, and a quiet

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In 1994, the San Diego County Grand Jury reviewed the Akiki cases, and concluded there was no reason to pursue the theory of ritual abuse. On August 25, 1994, he filed a suit against the County of San Diego, Faith Chapel Church, and many others, which was settled for $ 2 million. Akiki's

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The case began on August 15, 1991, when a 3-year-old girl told her mother that Dan Keller had spanked her. However, the “allegation quickly morphed into an allegation of sexual abuse.” The mother and daughter were on their way to a scheduled appointment with the girl's therapist, Donna

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Despite the severity of some of the alleged acts, parents noticed no abnormal behaviour in their children until after initial accusations were made. Bob Kelly's trial lasted eight months, and on April 22, 1992, he was convicted of 99 out of 100 counts against him. In 1995, the

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In January 1986, Albert Algerin, employed at the Praca Day Care center, was sentenced to 50 years for rape and sexual abuse. In May, Praca employee Jesus Torres, a former teacher's aide was sentenced to 40 years. Praca employee Franklin Beauchamp had his case overturned by the

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Michaels was sentenced to 47 years in the "sex case". Michaels "told the judge that she was confident her conviction would be overturned on appeal". After five years in prison, her appeal was successful, and her sentence was reversed by a New Jersey appeals court. The

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suggested in an editorial that while the Amiraults had long maintained their innocence, and had attracted a "string of prominent supporters" who believed that they had been convicted wrongly, "many others continue to believe that Mr. Amirault committed the crimes."

684:, as a part of their story titled “Believing the Children” that covered the Kellers' case. Mouw stated that his erroneous medical testimony was caused by his “little experience, if any formal education at all, in conducting sexual abuse examinations of children.” 695:

On June 20, 2017, the Travis County district attorney's office announced that the case against the Kellers had been dismissed, citing actual innocence. They were awarded $ 3.4 million in compensation from the state of Texas for the 21 years they spent in prison.

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A New Jersey appeals court yesterday overturned the conviction of Margaret Kelly Michaels, who was accused of sexually abusing 19 children at a day-care center in Maplewood, and who was sentenced to 47 years in prison after a celebrated trial in

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A few months after Violet and Cheryl Amirault were imprisoned for committing, the State alleged, barbarous sexual assaults on small children, the prosecutors sponsored a seminar titled "The Fells Acres Day School Case – A Model Multidisciplinary

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Most of those accused in these cases were eventually freed, but no U.S. Governor has pardoned a prisoner convicted falsely as a result of the hysteria. On January 14, 1997, many of those freed attended a "Day of Contrition" conference in

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Schreiber, Nadja; Bellah, Lisa D.; Martinez, Yolanda; McLaurin, Kristin A.; Strok, Renata; Garven, Sena; Wood, James M. (2006). "Suggestive interviewing in the McMartin Preschool and Kelly Michaels daycare abuse cases: A case study".

590:, in January 1989, a parent accused Bob Kelly of sexual abuse. During the next several months, investigations and therapy resulted in allegations against dozens of other adults in the town, culminating in the arrest of seven adults. 3727:

A Spokane County jury yesterday found the city of Wenatchee and Douglas County negligent in the now-discredited 1994–1995 Wenatchee child sex ring investigations, awarding $ 3 million to a couple who had been wrongly accused in the

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Child Care Programs: Hearings Before the Military Personnel and Compensation Subcommittee of the Committee on Armed Services, House of Representatives, One Hundredth Congress, Second Session, Hearings Held June 16, August 2 and 9,

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Laurie and Joseph Braga, who resorted to coercive questioning of the alleged victims when the desired answers were not forthcoming. Fuster's wife, Ileana, recanted her court testimony in an interview with the television program

668:, who examined the 3-year-old girl in 1991, on the night she first accused Dan Keller of abuse. Mouw testified at the Kellers' trial that he found “deformities—described as possible lacerations to the hymen and a tear of the 417:

Massachusetts Board of Pardons recommended that Gerald's sentence be commuted, citing "substantial doubt" about his guilt. He was granted parole in 2003. Writing about the case at the time of Gerald's release, the magazine

2222: 2038:"Social scientists now generally agree that, although sexual abuse of children is a real and important social problem, the bizarre allegations that fueled the daycare cases of the 1980s were mainly or entirely false." 2835: 61:, first publicized the issue of day-care sexual abuse, and the issue figured prominently in news coverage for almost a decade. The Kern County case was followed by cases elsewhere in the United States, as well as 767:

charged with more than 100 charges associated with participating with a Satanic cult named The Brotherhood of The Ram, which allegedly practiced ritualized sexual abuse of numerous children at a "Devil Church".

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charges and received a 27-year sentence. While technically maintaining his innocence, he allowed a guilty plea to be entered against him, convicting him of molesting or kidnapping six boys. Toward was placed in

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A former day-care center teacher being tried on charges of sexually abusing 20 children in her care testified in her defense this week and denied ever having had sexual contact with the 3- 4- and 5-year-old

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Satanic cult called The Brotherhood of The Ram that had police officers as members. It was an explosive situation and the Martensville police were under tremendous pressure to do something about it.

121:. Research has found that, in the absence of being prompted, it is uncommon for children to make fictitious reports of sexual abuse. Conversely, it is not unusual for children to underreport abuse. 3652: 3136:

An employee of a day-care center in Maplewood, N.J., has been indicted for 229 offenses in connection with the sexual assault of 33 children between 3 and 6 years of age over a 6-month period.

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A former preschool teacher was sentenced today to 47 years in prison for sexually assaulting 19 children and endangering the welfare of another child in a day-care center in Maplewood

347:, saying that she had been kept naked in solitary confinement, and subjected to other forms of physical and psychological duress until she had agreed to testify against her husband. 297:, where seven teachers were accused of kidnapping children, flying them in an airplane to another location, and forcing them to engage in group sex, as well as forcing them to watch 105:

Children are vulnerable to outside influences that can result in fabrication of testimony. Their testimony can be influenced in a variety of ways. In an article published by the

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The Amiraults always insisted they were innocent, the victims of a sex-abuse hysteria that swept the country in the 1980s and questionable testimony from child witnesses.

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Garven, Sena; Wood, J. M.; Malpass, R. S.; Shaw, J. S. III. (June 1998). "More than suggestion: The effect of interviewing techniques from the McMartin Preschool case".

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and accused Bernard Baran of molesting their son. The child had been attending the government operated Early Childhood Development Center (ECDC) where Baran, an openly

649:, were convicted of sexually abusing a 3-year-old girl in their care, and sentenced to 48 years in prison. They spent 21 years in prison until their release in 2013. 129:

child's testimony, because the more authority an interviewer has, such as a police officer, the more likely a child is to comply with that person's apparent agenda.

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The McMartin Preschool case was the first daycare abuse case to receive major media attention in the United States. The case concerned the McMartin Preschool in

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have both cited the McMartin case as the prototype for a wave of similar accusations and investigations between 1983 and 1995, which constituted a moral panic.

2736: 1753: 1733:. United States Congress House Committee on Armed Services Military Personnel and Compensation Subcommittee, U.S. Government Printing Office. pp. 106–114 4171: 972: 362:. Ileana said that Reno visited her in jail and pressured her to confess. The incident also inspired a 1986 book and a 1990 made-for-television movie named 531:, to establish guilt". The original judge was also criticized "for the way in which he allowed the children to give televised testimony from his chambers". 454:

19-year-old, worked as a teacher's aide. The accusers had complained previously to the board of directors that they "didn't want no homo" around their son.

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judges, bishops, police chiefs, an ex-governor. Yet, prosecutors ignored Nat Grady's past when he was accused in 1984 of sexually abusing a half-dozen ...

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Mikkelsen, E.J.; T.G. Gutheil; M Emens (1992). "False Sexual-Abuse Allegations by Children and Adolescents: Contextual Factors and Clinical Subtypes".

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Within days of the first allegation, ECDC hosted a puppet show, and delivered letters to parents notifying them about a child at the day care who had

4137: 3218: 718:, negligent in the 1994–1995 investigations. In 2001, $ 3 million was awarded to a couple who had been accused wrongly as a result of the inquiry. 4166: 4049:

Wood, James M.; Nathan, Debbie; Beck, Richard; Hampton, Keith (2017). "A Critical Evaluation of the Factual Accuracy and Scholarly Foundations of

3149: 2223:"The public was shocked. Country Walk parents demanded action. An election was near. Janet Reno was going to send someone to jail. No matter what" 377: 161: 3424: 3202:

Legal arguments in the nine-month trial of a day-care teacher accused of sexually abusing 20 children at a center in Maplewood ended here today.

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False allegations of sexual abuse by children and adolescents are statistically uncommon, occurring at the rate of 2 to 10 percent of all cases.

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San Francisco prosecutors have declined to bring charges against an Army officer and satanic priest who had been accused of molesting a ...

3893: 1668: 1789: 1539: 4917: 4912: 4449: 4221: 4206: 4196: 2551: 2532: 1035:'It seems had something to do with this fear that we'd turned our kids over to total strangers,' sociologist Catherine Beckett says ... 640: 222: 4112: 3933: 705: 254: 106: 3758: 4216: 2810: 1103: 1059: 3577: 1561: 4186: 3276: 753: 247: 114: 3819: 3513: 3119: 3067: 3041: 438:

On October 4, 1984, a drug addicted couple acting as police informants telephoned their contact within the police department of

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testimony affected the judgment of the jury and violated Frances Keller's right to a fair trial," said the district attorney.

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Richard and Kari Klassen received $ 100,000 each, a share of a $ 1.5 million compensation package for malicious prosecution.

1958: 3093: 2193: 4882: 4786: 4537: 4176: 4151: 4105: 3855: 2629: 771: 551:, as preschoolers during 1986 and 1987. Investigators claimed to know as many as 60 victims, mostly from the ages 2 to 5. 409: 199: 147: 54: 3785: 664:

The only physical evidence of abuse in the case was presented by Michael Mouw, a then-novice emergency room physician at

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Malloy, L.C.; Lyon, T.D.; Quas, J.A. (2007). "Filial dependency and recantation of child sexual abuse allegations".

939: 619:, was accused of satanic ritual abuse during 1991. Akiki and his wife were volunteer babysitters at Faith Chapel in 265:

2013 – Dan and Fran Keller released from prison, four years before being ruled innocent of the charges against them.

4801: 3714: 3320: 1944: 917: 715: 2857: 1490: 4887: 4806: 4746: 4403: 490: 439: 229: 188: 133: 3462: 3348: 980: 368:. Fuster continues to serve a 165-year prison sentence, making him the last person imprisoned by the hysteria. 4821: 4567: 4191: 1503: 669: 523: 288: 154: 3491: 4283: 2634: 2595: 1562:"Finding Aid: GOGA 39004; Golden Gate National Recreation Area; U.S. Army Administrative Records, 1850-2000" 850: 587: 505: 399: 2326: 1838: 1812: 4211: 3626: 3600: 1210: 913: 877: 561: 3373: 3004: 1639: 4791: 4606: 4542: 4464: 4398: 2606: 2309: 711: 665: 511: 470: 387: 324: 2353: 2299: 1326: 996:

Buckey's ordeal began in 1983, when the mother of a 2½-year-old who attended the McMartin preschool in

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brought prosecutions resulting in the conviction of five men, including Nathaniel Grady, a 47-year-old

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Jill Taylor (1 March 2008). "Headmaster's evil lives on in 20-year-old abuse case". PalmBeachPost.com.

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On Labor Day 1984, 60-year-old Violet Amirault, proprietor of the thriving Fells Acres Day School in

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granted new trials to two defendants, including Kelly. Charges were ultimately dismissed for both.

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for her newspaper columns on the issue, and made the Amiraults’ case a centerpiece of her book

4841: 4596: 4156: 4078: 4070: 4029: 4021: 3983: 3960: 3937: 3378: 2511: 2459: 2250: 2167: 2066: 2022: 2015:"Child Sexual Abuse Investigations: Lessons Learned from the McMartin and Other Daycare Cases" 1759: 1701: 1614: 1531: 1465: 1381: 1346: 1265: 1230: 1188: 1137: 1099: 1055: 1024: 881:, 2008 documentary produced and narrated by Sean Penn, about the Kern County child abuse cases 318: 2823:

Baran maintained his innocence throughout his imprisonment, making him ineligible for parole.

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Oates, R. K.; Jones, D.P.; Denson, D.; Sirotnak, A.; Gary, N.; Krugman, R.D. (January 2000).

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was arrested and charged with abusing children in his care at the Fells Acres Day School in

364: 17: 4892: 4771: 4688: 4382: 4338: 4328: 4293: 4268: 3921: 2377: 973:"The Lives They Lived: 01-07-01: Peggy McMartin Buckey, b. 1926; The Devil in The Nursery" 628: 616: 548: 383: 3709: 2800: 2483: 4877: 4846: 4776: 4761: 4751: 4741: 4668: 4572: 4498: 4298: 3953: 3926: 3585: 2741: 1377: 837: 794: 306: 100: 37:

that occurred primarily during the 1980s and early 1990s, and featured charges against

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by Maggie Bruck—a professor within the Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry at

4871: 4851: 4557: 4323: 4313: 4308: 4278: 4128: 3997: 2657: 2610: 2240: 1839:"Police Still Puzzled By Tacoma Slaying -- Victim Was Acquitted Of Child Molestation" 1226: 1088: 832: 658: 646: 451: 447: 443: 433: 419: 391: 355: 332: 302: 192: 168: 58: 50: 4090: 4041: 4781: 4713: 4693: 4683: 4673: 4643: 4303: 2600: 2013:

James M. Wood; Debbie Nathan; M. Teresa Nezworski; Elizabeth Uhl (10 August 2009).

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Children as Victims, Witnesses, and Offenders: Psychological Science and the Law

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No Crueler Tyrannies: Accusation, False Witness, and Other Terrors of Our Times.

66: 42: 34: 2639: 2507:

No Crueler Tyrannies: Accusation, False Witness, and Other Terrors of Our Times

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No Crueler Tyrannies: Accusation, False Witness, and Other Terrors of Our Times

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received the Public Defender of the Year award for their work defending Akiki.

4811: 4633: 4623: 3979: 3793: 2805: 2278: 2108: 1001: 827: 737: 540: 515: 351: 181: 4074: 4066: 4025: 4017: 1995:. Vol. 6, no. 2. False Memory Syndrome Foundation. 7 February 1997. 943: 2858:"BERNARD BARAN: Other Massachusetts Cases with Perjury or False Accusations" 1945:"Two Decades After McMartin: A Follow-up of 22 Convicted Day Care Employees" 871: 478: 474: 458: 4082: 4033: 3741:"PETER HUGH MCGREGOR ELLIS v THE KING (SC 49/2019 [2022] NZSC 115)" 1594: 1385: 1350: 1192: 2773: 2714: 2327:"Was Fuster a Monster?: A Summary of the Frank Fuster "Country Walk" Case" 1618: 1269: 1234: 323:

Frank and Ileana Fuster owned the Country Walk Babysitting Service in the

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minister, of sexually abusing children in day care facilities throughout

218:

1990 – Acquittals in McMartin preschool trial; remaining charges dropped.

215:

1989 – Little Rascals Day Care Center scandal in Edenton, North Carolina.

111:

Jeopardy in the Courtroom: A Scientific Analysis of Children’s Testimony,

38: 527:

been excluded because it improperly used an expert's theory, called the

4648: 1780:"Former Day-Care Operator, Acquitted of Child Molesting, Shot to Death" 203: 2062:

Moral Panic: Changing Concepts of the Child Molester in Modern America

4766: 3886:"Settlement details released for Sask. couple accused of child abuse" 3763: 3343: 3341: 2017:. In Bette L. Bottoms; Cynthia J. Najdowski; Gail S. Goodman (eds.). 1694:

Dyrendal, Asbjørn; Lewis, James R.; Petersen, Jesper Aagaard (2016).

1610: 654: 74: 70: 62: 2392:"The history of Satanic Panic in the US — and why it's not over yet" 1366:

Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry

657:, where they were sexually abused by soldiers, before returning to 4719: 4529: 4521: 4454: 3653:"Dan, Fran Keller to get $ 3.4 million in 'satanic day care' case" 3219:"Ex-Preschool Teacher Sentenced To 47 Years in Sex Case in Jersey" 1215:

Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry

328: 259:

1996 – Convictions in the Kern county child abuse case overturned.

3759:"Peter Ellis case: Supreme Court quashes child abuse convictions" 770:

The son of the day-care owner was tried and found guilty, then a

601:

The remainder of the defendants received a variety of sentences.

481:. Grady spent ten years in prison before being released in 1996. 4097: 3684:"Pastor and Wife Are Acquitted on All Charges in Sex-Abuse Case" 3492:"Texas frees daycare operator accused of 'satanic' sexual abuse" 3150:"Former Day-Care Teacher Denies Sexually Abusing Schoolchildren" 1197:

There were 14 (2.5%) erroneous concerns emanating from children.

212:

1989 – Glendale Montessori sexual abuse case in Stuart, Florida.

4494: 4101: 3856:"Wrongly accused in ritual abuse case launch $ 10 million suit" 1595:"Preschool child sex abuse: the aftermath of the Presidio case" 4796: 3976:

Witch Hunt: A True Story of Social Hysteria and Abused Justice

2883:"20th-century witch hunt". Associated Press. 1 December 1996. 2358: 1211:"False Allegations of Sexual Abuse by Children and Adolescent" 1138:"Reliable and Fictitious Accounts of Sexual Abuse to Children" 3955:

The Battle and the Backlash – The Child Sexual Abuse War

3005:"For Wrongly Accused Day-Care Workers, Freedom Is No Panacea" 2552:"Day Care Workers Get Retrial, As Accusers Did Not Face Them" 2533:"Day Care Workers Get Retrial, As Accusers Did Not Face Them" 1090:

Child Witnesses: Fragile Voices in the American Legal System

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Victims of Memory: Sex Abuse Accusations and Shattered Lives

2927:"Search For Witnesses Widens In Inquiry On Day-Care Center" 2735:

Berman, D.; Lock, C.; Rainey, R.; Taub, L. (24 June 2004).

1959:"1996 Day of Contrition: Protesting modern-day witch hunts" 3710:"Jury finds city, county negligent in child sex ring case" 49:. The collective cases are often considered a part of the 3820:"Policeman gets $ 1.3 million in Martensville settlement" 3578:"Austin attorneys weigh in on why Kellers were convicted" 2979:"Sexual Abuse Is Investigated At 3 More Day-Care Centers" 2836:"D.A. Capeless decides not to continue prosecuting Baran" 228:

1991 – Christchurch Civic Creche, New Zealand, involving

4490: 3552:"Can Keller Conviction Stand Without Physical Evidence?" 2418:"Sexual Offender / Predator Flyer: Francisco F Escalona" 350:

The case was prosecuted by Dade County state's attorney

174:

1984 – Georgian Hills Daycare Center, Memphis, Tennessee

3024:"Child-care Center Reopens, Burying the Tales of Abuse" 1296:"False negatives in sexual abuse disclosure interviews" 568:. Although he maintained his innocence, Toward said he 354:, who also prosecuted day-care sex-abuse cases against 4908:

Day care sexual abuse allegations in the United States

2723:

The first complaint came from a drug addicted couple.

1054:. National Institute for Trial Advocacy. p. 21. 4000:(2017). "A Response to Articles and Commentaries on 3843:

investigation was motivated by "emotional hysteria."

1920:"Frank Fuster: Day-Care Hysteria Case Seeks Justice" 645:

Frances Keller and her husband, Dan Keller, both of

543:

and sexually abusing six boys who attended Glendale

4729: 4528: 4417: 4357: 4261: 4230: 4144: 2774:"Video helps clear convict of abuse after 21 years" 2715:"Video helps clear convict of abuse after 21 years" 2674:Kathleen Burge, "Board Grants Parole to Amirault," 2455:

We Believe the Children: A Moral Panic in the 1980s

3952: 3925: 2531: 1669:"Army day-care center children allegedly molested" 1087: 262:1997 – "Day of Contrition" in Salem, Massachusetts 3187:"Legal Arguments End in Jersey Child-Abuse Trial" 2499: 2497: 539:James Toward and Brenda Williams were accused of 132:Finally, while there are endorsers of the use of 41:providers accused of committing several forms of 940:"Parole Board recommends Amirault's commutation" 3746:. Supreme Court of New Zealand. 7 October 2022. 3514:"Fran Keller to be freed in satanic abuse case" 3277:"Child-Abuse Conviction Of Woman Is Overturned" 2840:The Berkshire County District Attorney's Office 2658:"Dorothy Rabinowitz of The Wall Street Journal" 862:, 2010 documentary on one of the earliest cases 661:in time to meet their parents at the day care. 615:Dale Akiki, a developmentally-delayed man with 496:All five convictions were ultimately reversed. 3120:"Day-Care Worker Held In Assaults On Children" 3068:"Day-Care Sex Assaults Bring 30-Year Sentence" 3042:"Day Care Worker Gets 50 Years for Sex Crimes" 2700:"A matter of evidence; crime and punishment," 2378:"Untying the Gordian Knot: A Return to Reason" 243:, after being found not guilty of child abuse. 4506: 4113: 1532:"FBI Investigates Presidio Child Molest Case" 1169:"Erroneous Concerns about Child Sexual Abuse" 1136:Jones, D. P. H.; McGraw, J. M. (March 1987). 8: 4172:Franklin child prostitution ring allegations 3708:Barber, Mike; Lange, Larry (1 August 2001). 2294: 2292: 4903:Overturned convictions in the United States 3180: 3178: 3176: 3174: 2447: 2445: 2443: 1045: 1043: 4513: 4499: 4491: 4248:Murders of Sally McNelly and Shane Stewart 4182:Little Rascals day care sexual abuse trial 4120: 4106: 4098: 3485: 3483: 2187: 2185: 2183: 2054: 2052: 2050: 2048: 2046: 1443: 1441: 1439: 582:Little Rascals day care sexual abuse trial 572:to avoid an almost certain life sentence. 4440:Child sexual abuse accommodation syndrome 3408: 3396: 3303: 3301: 3270: 3268: 3212: 3210: 3094:"Prosecutor Won't Seek New Abuse Charges" 2900:"3 Seized in Child Abuse at Bronx Center" 2477: 2475: 2249:. Jefferson, N.C: McFarland. p. 71. 1813:"Unsolved Mysteries: Police Hunt Killers" 1447: 1430: 1418: 1406: 1209:Everson, M.D.; Boat, B. W. 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Associated Press. 21 September 1989 2422:Florida Department of Law Enforcement 2246:The day care ritual abuse moral panic 2216: 2214: 2163:The Day Care Ritual Abuse Moral Panic 1913: 1911: 1755:The Day Care Ritual Abuse Moral Panic 1542:from the original on 14 December 2020 908: 906: 904: 902: 900: 898: 896: 894: 611:Faith Chapel Church ritual abuse case 250:, Martensville, Saskatchewan, Canada. 7: 4450:Dungeons & Dragons controversies 4394:Treating Survivors of Satanist Abuse 3576:Goudeau, Ashley (27 November 2013). 3490:Herskovitz, Jon (27 November 2013). 3349:"2 RETRIALS ORDERED IN RASCALS CASE" 2953:"18 More Children Cite Sexual Abuse" 2813:from the original on 12 October 2012 2482:Pollitt, Katha (18 September 1999). 2398:from the original on 31 October 2016 1460:Rabinowitz, Dorothy (2 March 2004). 1325:Sjoberg, R. L.; Lindblad, F (2002). 4222:Wee Care Nursery School abuse trial 4207:South Ronaldsay child abuse scandal 4197:Oak Hill satanic ritual abuse trial 3512:Lindell, Chuck (26 November 2013). 3374:"Day-Care Molestation Case Dropped" 3048:. Associated Press. 16 January 1986 2504:Dorothy Rabinowitz (2 March 2004). 2021:. Guilford Press. pp. 81–101. 1752:Young, Mary de (23 February 2004). 1504:"ARMY WILL CLOSE CHILD-CARE CENTER" 971:Talbot, Margaret (7 January 2001). 641:Oak Hill satanic ritual abuse trial 635:Oak Hill satanic ritual abuse trial 3959:. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books. 3934:American Psychological Association 3792:. 12 February 2003. Archived from 3682:Egan, Timothy (12 December 1995). 2799:Pollitt, Katha (3 February 2000). 2630:"A Darkness in Massachusetts – II" 2281:. pp. 296–297. Archived from 2192:Collins, Glen (14 December 1986). 2059:Philip Jenkins (1 December 2004). 1378:10.1097/01.chi.0000246067.77953.f7 942:. Associated Press. 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(5 August 1984). 2452:Richard Beck (4 August 2015). 1331:American Journal of Psychiatry 1050:Carter, Sherrie Bourg (2005). 938:Miller, Leslie (6 July 2001). 867:Indictment: The McMartin Trial 728:Peter Ellis (childcare worker) 1: 4538:Adverse childhood experiences 4177:Kern County child abuse cases 4152:Cleveland child abuse scandal 3246:Chira, Susan (6 April 2003). 3185:Narvaez, A. (29 March 1988). 2842:. 9 June 2009. Archived from 2737:"The Trials of Bernard Baran" 2591:"A Darkness in Massachusetts" 2376:; Wakefield, Hollida (1994). 2129:Journal of Applied Psychology 1918:Jean, Rael (23 August 2018). 1493: (Tenn. 24 May 1993). 1185:10.1016/s0145-2134(99)00108-8 772:Royal Canadian Mounted Police 410:Pulitzer Prize for Commentary 200:Cleveland child abuse scandal 148:Kern County child abuse cases 3275:Fiason, F. (27 March 1993). 3217:Rangel, J. (3 August 1988). 2977:Purdum, T. (9 August 1984). 2951:Purdum, T. (7 August 1984). 2898:Berger, J. (3 August 1984). 209:1987 – Friedman cases begin. 4445:Day-care sex-abuse hysteria 4202:South African satanic panic 2801:"Justice for Bernard Baran" 2194:"Nightmare in Country Walk" 1892:Reid, Carol (Winter 2002). 813:Pizzagate conspiracy theory 295:Manhattan Beach, California 101:Suggestibility § Child 31:Day-care sex-abuse hysteria 18:Day care sex abuse hysteria 4934: 4918:1990s in the United States 4913:1980s in the United States 3715:Seattle Post-Intelligencer 2141:10.1037/0021-9010.83.3.347 1343:10.1176/appi.ajp.159.2.312 1312:10.1177/088626092007004008 1154:10.1177/088626087002001002 984:(reprint from New America) 914:"Innocence Lost, The Plea" 751: 725: 716:Douglas County, Washington 703: 687:On November 26, 2013, the 638: 608: 579: 555:School, pleaded guilty to 503: 431: 375: 316: 286: 134:anatomically correct dolls 98: 95:Suggestibility of children 4747:Abusive power and control 4435:Children's Institute Inc. 4135: 3928:Jeopardy in the courtroom 3657:Austin American-Statesman 2109:10.1080/15534510500361739 2065:. 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The Associated Press. 2635:The Wall Street Journal 2596:The Wall Street Journal 851:Capturing the Friedmans 775:malicious prosecution. 588:Edenton, North Carolina 506:Wee Care Nursery School 500:Wee Care Nursery School 400:The Wall Street Journal 177:1985 – Bronx Five case. 3974:Lyon, Kathryn (1998). 2510:. Simon and Schuster. 2308:. PBS. 25 April 2002. 1963:religioustolerance.org 1491:855 S.W.2d 557 1464:. Simon and Schuster. 562:involuntary commitment 372:Fells Acres Day School 162:Fells Acres Day School 4792:Just-world hypothesis 4543:Anti-social behaviour 4465:False memory syndrome 4399:Cult and Ritual Abuse 3786:"Satanic Sex Scandal" 3409:Ceci & Bruck 1996 3397:Ceci & Bruck 1996 1448:Ceci & Bruck 1996 1431:Ceci & Bruck 1996 1419:Ceci & Bruck 1996 1407:Ceci & Bruck 1996 1124:Ceci & Bruck 1996 1075:Ceci & Bruck 1996 712:Wenatchee, Washington 666:Brackenridge Hospital 388:Malden, Massachusetts 4883:Satanic ritual abuse 4827:Psychological trauma 4425:Believe the Children 4409:No Crueler Tyrannies 3892:. 19 November 2004. 3862:. 9 September 2003. 3627:"Kellers Exonerated" 3605:The Austin Chronicle 3556:The Austin Chronicle 3467:The Austin Chronicle 3384:The Associated Press 986:on 21 September 2006 859:Freeing Bernie Baran 277:Salem, Massachusetts 248:Martensville Scandal 119:suggestive questions 47:Satanic ritual abuse 4737:Abusive supervision 4664:Psychological abuse 4639:Institutional abuse 4377:The Courage to Heal 3663:on 25 February 2018 3588:on 5 December 2013. 2864:. 24 September 2014 2662:The Pulitzer Prises 2626:Rabinowitz, Dorothy 2589:(30 January 1995). 2587:Rabinowitz, Dorothy 2271:Cockburn, Alexander 1865:"CHILD-CARE DEMONS" 1788:. 2 November 1992. 1726:"Army of the Night" 1571:. 17 September 2018 535:Glendale Montessori 382:During April 1984, 340:child psychologists 337:University of Miami 223:Dan and Fran Keller 4817:Playing the victim 4709:Surveillance abuse 4659:Professional abuse 4580:Cruelty to animals 4404:Speak of the Devil 4372:Michelle Remembers 4334:Dorothy Rabinowitz 4274:Anne Johnson Davis 4253:West Memphis Three 4238:Fall River murders 3924:; Bruck M (1996). 3796:on 3 November 2012 3688:The New York Times 3353:scholar.lib.vt.edu 3325:The New York Times 3281:The New York Times 3252:The New York Times 3223:The New York Times 3191:The New York Times 3154:The New York Times 3124:The New York Times 3098:The New York Times 3072:The New York Times 3046:The New York Times 3028:The New York Times 2983:The New York Times 2957:The New York Times 2931:The New York Times 2904:The New York Times 2742:The Boston Phoenix 2556:The New York Times 2538:The New York Times 2198:The New York Times 1512:. 16 November 1987 1509:The New York Times 977:The New York Times 946:on 4 November 2007 823:Salem witch trials 557:child sexual abuse 405:Dorothy Rabinowitz 283:McMartin Preschool 241:Tacoma, Washington 4865: 4864: 4842:Traumatic bonding 4488: 4487: 4157:Country Walk case 4145:Cases and accused 3989:978-0-380-79066-1 3966:978-0-669-14097-2 3943:978-1-55798-282-7 3379:Los Angeles Times 3126:. 8 December 1985 3009:Los Angeles Times 2846:on 8 August 2010. 2749:on 12 June 2010. 2689:Hartford Courant, 2642:on 3 March 2009. 2628:(14 March 1995). 2603:on 3 March 2009. 2517:978-0-7432-2840-4 2465:978-1-61039-288-4 2458:. PublicAffairs. 2374:Underwager, Ralph 2300:"Did Daddy Do It" 2256:978-0-7864-1830-5 2173:978-0-7864-1830-5 2072:978-0-300-10963-4 2028:978-1-60623-358-0 1922:. National Review 1765:978-0-7864-1830-5 1707:978-0-19-518110-4 1644:Los Angeles Times 1471:978-0-7432-2840-4 1421:, pp. 146–47 1030:978-0-942679-18-2 1017:Pendergrast, Mark 493:during May 1989. 319:Country Walk case 270:Significant cases 164:in Massachusetts. 16:(Redirected from 4925: 4888:Crowd psychology 4704:Structural abuse 4679:Police brutality 4585:Disability abuse 4515: 4508: 4501: 4492: 4385: 4358:Publications and 4344:Ralph Underwager 4122: 4115: 4108: 4099: 4094: 4045: 4012:(6): 1002–1023. 3993: 3970: 3958: 3947: 3931: 3909: 3908: 3903: 3901: 3882: 3876: 3875: 3873: 3871: 3852: 3846: 3845: 3839: 3837: 3828:. 19 June 2002. 3816: 3810: 3809: 3803: 3801: 3782: 3776: 3775: 3773: 3771: 3754: 3748: 3747: 3745: 3737: 3731: 3730: 3724: 3722: 3705: 3699: 3698: 3696: 3694: 3679: 3673: 3672: 3670: 3668: 3659:. 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Archived from 2732: 2726: 2725: 2711: 2705: 2698: 2692: 2685: 2679: 2678:18 October 2003. 2672: 2666: 2665: 2654: 2648: 2647: 2638:. Archived from 2622: 2616: 2615: 2599:. Archived from 2583: 2577: 2574: 2568: 2567: 2565: 2563: 2558:. 30 August 1995 2548: 2542: 2541: 2535: 2528: 2522: 2521: 2501: 2492: 2491: 2479: 2470: 2469: 2449: 2438: 2437: 2435: 2433: 2428:on 10 March 2014 2424:. Archived from 2414: 2408: 2407: 2405: 2403: 2388: 2382: 2381: 2370: 2364: 2363: 2350: 2344: 2343: 2341: 2339: 2323: 2314: 2313: 2296: 2287: 2286: 2273:(8 March 1993). 2267: 2261: 2260: 2237: 2231: 2230: 2218: 2209: 2208: 2206: 2204: 2189: 2178: 2177: 2157: 2151: 2144: 2124: 2118: 2112: 2097:Social Influence 2091: 2085: 2076: 2056: 2041: 2032: 2010: 1997: 1996: 1985: 1979: 1978: 1976: 1974: 1965:. Archived from 1955: 1949: 1948: 1941: 1932: 1931: 1929: 1927: 1915: 1906: 1905: 1889: 1880: 1879: 1877: 1875: 1860: 1854: 1853: 1851: 1849: 1834: 1828: 1827: 1825: 1823: 1808: 1802: 1801: 1799: 1797: 1785:Associated Press 1776: 1770: 1769: 1749: 1743: 1742: 1740: 1738: 1721: 1715: 1714: 1691: 1685: 1684: 1682: 1680: 1675:. 11 August 1987 1665: 1659: 1658: 1653: 1651: 1636: 1630: 1629: 1627: 1625: 1611:10.1037/h0079332 1590: 1584: 1583: 1578: 1576: 1566: 1558: 1552: 1551: 1549: 1547: 1528: 1522: 1521: 1519: 1517: 1500: 1494: 1488: 1486:State v. Ballard 1482: 1476: 1475: 1457: 1451: 1445: 1434: 1428: 1422: 1416: 1410: 1404: 1398: 1397: 1361: 1355: 1354: 1322: 1316: 1315: 1291: 1285: 1284: 1245: 1239: 1238: 1206: 1200: 1199: 1164: 1158: 1157: 1133: 1127: 1126:, pp. 79–81 1121: 1110: 1109: 1093: 1083: 1077: 1072: 1066: 1065: 1047: 1038: 1037: 1023:. Upper Access. 1013: 1007: 1006: 993: 991: 985: 979:. Archived from 968: 959: 958: 953: 951: 935: 929: 928: 926: 924: 910: 818:Repressed memory 629:public defenders 408:in 2001, of the 365:Unspeakable Acts 169:Bernard F. Baran 21: 4933: 4932: 4928: 4927: 4926: 4924: 4923: 4922: 4868: 4867: 4866: 4861: 4837:Rationalization 4772:Destabilisation 4725: 4689:Religious abuse 4524: 4519: 4489: 4484: 4413: 4383:Pace memorandum 4381: 4359: 4353: 4339:Valerie Sinason 4329:Lawrence Pazder 4294:Stephen A. Kent 4269:Gerald Amirault 4257: 4226: 4140: 4131: 4126: 4048: 3996: 3990: 3973: 3967: 3950: 3944: 3920: 3917: 3915:Further reading 3912: 3899: 3897: 3884: 3883: 3879: 3869: 3867: 3854: 3853: 3849: 3835: 3833: 3818: 3817: 3813: 3799: 3797: 3784: 3783: 3779: 3769: 3767: 3756: 3755: 3751: 3743: 3739: 3738: 3734: 3720: 3718: 3707: 3706: 3702: 3692: 3690: 3681: 3680: 3676: 3666: 3664: 3650: 3649: 3645: 3635: 3633: 3624: 3623: 3619: 3609: 3607: 3598: 3597: 3593: 3575: 3574: 3570: 3560: 3558: 3549: 3548: 3537: 3527: 3525: 3511: 3510: 3503: 3489: 3488: 3481: 3471: 3469: 3460: 3459: 3444: 3434: 3432: 3423: 3422: 3415: 3407: 3403: 3399:, pp. 9–11 3395: 3391: 3372: 3371: 3367: 3357: 3355: 3347: 3346: 3339: 3329: 3327: 3318: 3317: 3313: 3307: 3306: 3299: 3285: 3283: 3274: 3273: 3266: 3256: 3254: 3245: 3244: 3240: 3227: 3225: 3216: 3215: 3208: 3195: 3193: 3184: 3183: 3172: 3158: 3156: 3147: 3146: 3142: 3129: 3127: 3118: 3117: 3113: 3103: 3101: 3092: 3091: 3087: 3077: 3075: 3066: 3065: 3061: 3051: 3049: 3040: 3039: 3035: 3021: 3020: 3016: 3002: 3001: 2997: 2987: 2985: 2976: 2975: 2971: 2961: 2959: 2950: 2949: 2945: 2935: 2933: 2924: 2923: 2919: 2909: 2907: 2897: 2896: 2892: 2882: 2881: 2877: 2867: 2865: 2856: 2855: 2851: 2834: 2833: 2829: 2816: 2814: 2798: 2797: 2793: 2783: 2781: 2780:. 9 August 2009 2772: 2771: 2767: 2761: 2757: 2734: 2733: 2729: 2713: 2712: 2708: 2699: 2695: 2691:23 October 2003 2686: 2682: 2673: 2669: 2656: 2655: 2651: 2624: 2623: 2619: 2585: 2584: 2580: 2575: 2571: 2561: 2559: 2550: 2549: 2545: 2530: 2529: 2525: 2518: 2503: 2502: 2495: 2481: 2480: 2473: 2466: 2451: 2450: 2441: 2431: 2429: 2416: 2415: 2411: 2401: 2399: 2390: 2389: 2385: 2372: 2371: 2367: 2352: 2351: 2347: 2337: 2335: 2325: 2324: 2317: 2298: 2297: 2290: 2285:on 13 May 2008. 2269: 2268: 2264: 2257: 2239: 2238: 2234: 2227:Miami New Times 2220: 2219: 2212: 2202: 2200: 2191: 2190: 2181: 2174: 2159: 2158: 2154: 2126: 2125: 2121: 2093: 2092: 2088: 2073: 2058: 2057: 2044: 2029: 2012: 2011: 2000: 1993:FMSF Newsletter 1987: 1986: 1982: 1972: 1970: 1969:on 16 July 2020 1957: 1956: 1952: 1943: 1942: 1935: 1925: 1923: 1917: 1916: 1909: 1894:"Shalom, Salem" 1891: 1890: 1883: 1873: 1871: 1862: 1861: 1857: 1847: 1845: 1836: 1835: 1831: 1821: 1819: 1810: 1809: 1805: 1795: 1793: 1778: 1777: 1773: 1766: 1751: 1750: 1746: 1736: 1734: 1723: 1722: 1718: 1708: 1693: 1692: 1688: 1678: 1676: 1667: 1666: 1662: 1649: 1647: 1646:. 4 August 1988 1638: 1637: 1633: 1623: 1621: 1592: 1591: 1587: 1574: 1572: 1564: 1560: 1559: 1555: 1545: 1543: 1530: 1529: 1525: 1515: 1513: 1502: 1501: 1497: 1484: 1483: 1479: 1472: 1459: 1458: 1454: 1446: 1437: 1429: 1425: 1417: 1413: 1405: 1401: 1363: 1362: 1358: 1324: 1323: 1319: 1293: 1292: 1288: 1247: 1246: 1242: 1208: 1207: 1203: 1166: 1165: 1161: 1135: 1134: 1130: 1122: 1113: 1106: 1085: 1084: 1080: 1073: 1069: 1062: 1049: 1048: 1041: 1031: 1015: 1014: 1010: 998:Manhattan Beach 989: 987: 983: 970: 969: 962: 949: 947: 937: 936: 932: 922: 920: 912: 911: 892: 888: 846: 781: 756: 750: 730: 724: 708: 702: 643: 637: 617:Noonan syndrome 613: 607: 584: 578: 549:Stuart, Florida 537: 508: 502: 467: 436: 430: 384:Gerald Amirault 380: 374: 321: 315: 291: 285: 272: 143: 103: 97: 88: 83: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4931: 4929: 4921: 4920: 4915: 4910: 4905: 4900: 4895: 4890: 4885: 4880: 4870: 4869: 4863: 4862: 4860: 4859: 4854: 4849: 4847:Victim blaming 4844: 4839: 4834: 4829: 4824: 4819: 4814: 4809: 4804: 4799: 4794: 4789: 4784: 4779: 4777:Discrimination 4774: 4769: 4764: 4762:Dehumanization 4759: 4754: 4752:Child grooming 4749: 4744: 4742:Abuse of power 4739: 4733: 4731: 4730:Related topics 4727: 4726: 4724: 4723: 4716: 4711: 4706: 4701: 4696: 4691: 4686: 4681: 4676: 4671: 4669:Physical abuse 4666: 4661: 4656: 4651: 4646: 4641: 4636: 4631: 4626: 4621: 4616: 4615: 4614: 4609: 4599: 4597:Domestic abuse 4594: 4593: 4592: 4590:military draft 4582: 4577: 4576: 4575: 4570: 4565: 4560: 4550: 4545: 4540: 4534: 4532: 4526: 4525: 4520: 4518: 4517: 4510: 4503: 4495: 4486: 4485: 4483: 4482: 4477: 4472: 4467: 4462: 4457: 4452: 4447: 4442: 4437: 4432: 4427: 4421: 4419: 4418:Related topics 4415: 4414: 4412: 4411: 4406: 4401: 4396: 4391: 4386: 4379: 4374: 4369: 4363: 4361: 4355: 4354: 4352: 4351: 4346: 4341: 4336: 4331: 4326: 4321: 4316: 4311: 4306: 4301: 4299:Kee MacFarlane 4296: 4291: 4286: 4281: 4276: 4271: 4265: 4263: 4259: 4258: 4256: 4255: 4250: 4245: 4240: 4234: 4232: 4228: 4227: 4225: 4224: 4219: 4214: 4209: 4204: 4199: 4194: 4189: 4184: 4179: 4174: 4169: 4164: 4159: 4154: 4148: 4146: 4142: 4141: 4136: 4133: 4132: 4127: 4125: 4124: 4117: 4110: 4102: 4096: 4095: 4061:(6): 897–925. 4046: 3998:Cheit, Ross E. 3994: 3988: 3971: 3965: 3948: 3942: 3916: 3913: 3911: 3910: 3877: 3847: 3811: 3777: 3749: 3732: 3700: 3674: 3643: 3617: 3591: 3568: 3535: 3501: 3479: 3442: 3413: 3401: 3389: 3386:. 24 May 1997. 3365: 3337: 3311: 3297: 3264: 3238: 3206: 3170: 3140: 3111: 3085: 3059: 3033: 3014: 2995: 2969: 2943: 2917: 2890: 2875: 2849: 2827: 2791: 2765: 2755: 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IPT Journal. 2365: 2345: 2315: 2288: 2262: 2255: 2241:De Young, Mary 2232: 2210: 2179: 2172: 2152: 2150: 2149: 2135:(3): 347–359. 2119: 2117: 2116: 2086: 2084: 2083: 2080: 2071: 2042: 2040: 2039: 2036: 2027: 1998: 1989:"Dear Friends" 1980: 1950: 1933: 1907: 1881: 1869:The New Yorker 1855: 1829: 1803: 1771: 1764: 1744: 1716: 1712:Michael Aquino 1706: 1686: 1660: 1631: 1585: 1553: 1523: 1495: 1477: 1470: 1452: 1435: 1423: 1411: 1399: 1356: 1317: 1286: 1240: 1201: 1159: 1128: 1111: 1104: 1078: 1067: 1060: 1039: 1029: 1008: 960: 930: 889: 887: 884: 883: 882: 874: 863: 855: 845: 842: 841: 840: 838:Hampstead Hoax 835: 830: 825: 820: 815: 810: 805: 797: 795:False memories 792: 787: 780: 777: 752:Main article: 749: 746: 726:Main article: 723: 720: 704:Main article: 701: 698: 639:Main article: 636: 633: 609:Main article: 606: 603: 580:Main article: 577: 576:Little Rascals 574: 570:plea-bargained 566:Jimmy Ryce Act 536: 533: 504:Main article: 501: 498: 466: 465:The Bronx Five 463: 432:Main article: 429: 426: 376:Main article: 373: 370: 329:Miami, Florida 317:Main article: 314: 311: 307:Philip Jenkins 305:and historian 287:Main article: 284: 281: 271: 268: 267: 266: 263: 260: 257: 251: 244: 239:is killed, in 237:Kaare Sortland 233: 226: 219: 216: 213: 210: 207: 196: 185: 178: 175: 172: 165: 158: 157:in California. 151: 142: 139: 96: 93: 87: 84: 82: 79: 73:, and various 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4930: 4919: 4916: 4914: 4911: 4909: 4906: 4904: 4901: 4899: 4896: 4894: 4891: 4889: 4886: 4884: 4881: 4879: 4876: 4875: 4873: 4858: 4855: 4853: 4852:Victimisation 4850: 4848: 4845: 4843: 4840: 4838: 4835: 4833: 4830: 4828: 4825: 4823: 4820: 4818: 4815: 4813: 4810: 4808: 4805: 4803: 4800: 4798: 4795: 4793: 4790: 4788: 4785: 4783: 4780: 4778: 4775: 4773: 4770: 4768: 4765: 4763: 4760: 4758: 4755: 4753: 4750: 4748: 4745: 4743: 4740: 4738: 4735: 4734: 4732: 4728: 4722: 4721: 4717: 4715: 4712: 4710: 4707: 4705: 4702: 4700: 4697: 4695: 4692: 4690: 4687: 4685: 4682: 4680: 4677: 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4277: 4275: 4272: 4270: 4267: 4266: 4264: 4260: 4254: 4251: 4249: 4246: 4244: 4241: 4239: 4236: 4235: 4233: 4229: 4223: 4220: 4218: 4215: 4213: 4210: 4208: 4205: 4203: 4200: 4198: 4195: 4193: 4190: 4188: 4185: 4183: 4180: 4178: 4175: 4173: 4170: 4168: 4165: 4163: 4160: 4158: 4155: 4153: 4150: 4149: 4147: 4143: 4139: 4134: 4130: 4129:Satanic panic 4123: 4118: 4116: 4111: 4109: 4104: 4103: 4100: 4092: 4088: 4084: 4080: 4076: 4072: 4068: 4064: 4060: 4056: 4052: 4047: 4043: 4039: 4035: 4031: 4027: 4023: 4019: 4015: 4011: 4007: 4003: 3999: 3995: 3991: 3985: 3981: 3977: 3972: 3968: 3962: 3957: 3956: 3949: 3945: 3939: 3935: 3930: 3929: 3923: 3919: 3918: 3914: 3907: 3895: 3891: 3887: 3881: 3878: 3865: 3861: 3857: 3851: 3848: 3844: 3831: 3827: 3826: 3821: 3815: 3812: 3808: 3795: 3791: 3787: 3781: 3778: 3766: 3765: 3760: 3753: 3750: 3742: 3736: 3733: 3729: 3717: 3716: 3711: 3704: 3701: 3689: 3685: 3678: 3675: 3662: 3658: 3654: 3647: 3644: 3632: 3628: 3621: 3618: 3606: 3602: 3595: 3592: 3587: 3583: 3579: 3572: 3569: 3557: 3553: 3546: 3544: 3542: 3540: 3536: 3523: 3519: 3518:statesman.com 3515: 3508: 3506: 3502: 3497: 3493: 3486: 3484: 3480: 3468: 3464: 3457: 3455: 3453: 3451: 3449: 3447: 3443: 3431:. 10 May 2012 3430: 3426: 3420: 3418: 3414: 3410: 3405: 3402: 3398: 3393: 3390: 3385: 3381: 3380: 3375: 3369: 3366: 3354: 3350: 3344: 3342: 3338: 3326: 3322: 3315: 3312: 3304: 3302: 3298: 3294: 3282: 3278: 3271: 3269: 3265: 3253: 3249: 3242: 3239: 3235: 3224: 3220: 3213: 3211: 3207: 3203: 3192: 3188: 3181: 3179: 3177: 3175: 3171: 3167: 3155: 3151: 3144: 3141: 3137: 3125: 3121: 3115: 3112: 3099: 3095: 3089: 3086: 3073: 3069: 3063: 3060: 3047: 3043: 3037: 3034: 3029: 3025: 3018: 3015: 3010: 3006: 2999: 2996: 2984: 2980: 2973: 2970: 2958: 2954: 2947: 2944: 2932: 2928: 2921: 2918: 2905: 2901: 2894: 2891: 2887: 2879: 2876: 2863: 2862:law.umich.edu 2859: 2853: 2850: 2845: 2841: 2837: 2831: 2828: 2824: 2812: 2808: 2807: 2802: 2795: 2792: 2779: 2775: 2769: 2766: 2759: 2756: 2752: 2748: 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