Day of the Dead - Knowledge (XXG)

1581:"Every Sicilian house where there was a little boy was populated with dead familiar to him. Not ghosts with white linzòlo and with the scrunch of chains, mind you, not those that are frightening, but such and as they were seen in the photographs exhibited in the living room, worn, the occasional half smile printed on the face, the good ironed dress in a workmanlike manner, they made no difference with the living. We Nicareddri, before going to bed, put a wicker basket under the bed (the size varied according to the money there was in the family) that at night the dear dead would fill with sweets and gifts that we would find on the 2nd morning upon awakening. After a restless sleep we woke up at dawn to go hunting… Because the dead wanted to play with us, to give us fun, and therefore they didn't put the basket back where they had found it, but went to hide it carefully, we had to look for it… The toys were tin trains, wooden toy cars, rag dolls, wooden cubes that formed landscapes… On November 2nd we returned the visit that the dead had paid us the day before: it was not a ritual, but an affectionate custom. Then, in 1943, with the American soldiers the Christmas tree arrived and slowly, year after year, the dead lost their way to the houses where they were waiting for them, happy and awake until the end, the children or the children of the children… Pity. We had lost the possibility of touching, materially, that thread that binds our personal history to that of those who had preceded us…" 312:

Historian Elsa Malvido, researcher for the Mexican Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia (INAH, or National Institute of Anthropology and History) and founder of the institute's Taller de Estudios sobre la Muerte (Workshop of Studies on Death), was the first to do so in the context of her wider research into Mexican attitudes to death and disease across the centuries. Malvido completely discards a native or even syncretic origin arguing that the tradition can be fully traced to Medieval Europe. She highlights the existence of similar traditions on the same day, not just in Spain, but in the rest of Catholic Southern Europe and Latin America such as altars for the dead, sweets in the shape of skulls and bread in the shape of bones.

1318: 1607:, a wheat growing region, a sweet dish for the Day of the Dead is Colva or "Grains of the Dead". Fave dei morti or "fava beans of the dead" are another dish for the day found widespread through Italy. Ossa dei morti, suitably elongated and frosted "bones of the dead" are sweets found in Apulia and Sicily. In Sicily, families enjoy special day of the dead cakes and cookies that are made into symbolic shapes such as skulls and finger bones. The "sweets of the dead" are a marzipan treats called frutta martorana. On the night of November 1, Sicilian parents and grandparents traditionally buy Frutta di Martorana to gift to children on November 2. 733: 1306: 1556:, older family members act as the "defunti", or spirits of deceased family members, who sneak into the home and hide sweets and gifts for their young descendants to awake to. On the morning of November 2, children begin the day by hunting to find the gifts in shoes or a special wicker basket of the dead called "cannistru dei morti" or "u cannistru", which typically consist of various sweets, small toys, boned-shaped almond flavored cookies called "ossa dei morti", sugar dolls called "pupi di zucchero", and fruit, vegetable, and ghoul shaped 1901:, which is made only for this day during the year. In addition to the traditional visits to grave sites of ancestors, the tombs and graves are decorated with flowers, candles, and food for the dead. In a few towns, Guatemalans repair and repaint the cemetery with vibrant colors to bring the cemetery to life. They fix things that have gotten damaged over the years or just simply need a touch-up, such as wooden grave cross markers. They also lay flower wreaths on the graves. Some families have picnics in the cemetery. 4881: 6401: 670: 201:) is a holiday traditionally celebrated on November 1 and 2, though other days, such as October 31 or November 6, may be included depending on the locality. The multi-day holiday involves family and friends gathering to pay respects and to remember friends and family members who have died. These celebrations can take a humorous tone, as celebrants remember amusing events and anecdotes about the departed. It is widely observed in 1353:. The event combines elements of traditional Day of the Dead celebrations with those of pagan harvest festivals. People wearing masks carry signs honoring the dead and an urn in which people can place slips of paper with prayers on them to be burned. Likewise, Old Town San Diego, California, annually hosts a traditional two-day celebration culminating in a candlelight procession to the historic El Campo Santo Cemetery. 6218: 5545: 45: 1077: 1001: 1195:, a cross, a rosary (used to ask the Virgin Mary to pray for them), and candles. This is meant to celebrate the child's life, in respect and appreciation for the parents. There is also dancing with colorful costumes, often with skull-shaped masks and devil masks in the plaza or garden of the town. At midnight on November 2, the people light candles and ride winged boats called 307:, including All Saints' Day and its vigil, as well as All Souls' Day, is observed on the same days in places like Spain and Southern Europe, and elsewhere in Christendom. Critics of the Native American origin claim that even though pre-Columbian Mexico had traditions that honored the dead, current depictions of the festivity have more in common with European traditions of 1644: 502: 1569:

are shared and breakfast is enjoyed, the whole family will often visit the cemetery or burial site bearing flowers. They will light candles and play amongst the graves to thank the deceased for the gifts, before enjoying a hearty feast. The tradition holds that the spirits of the deceased will remain with the family to enjoy a day of feasting and merriment.

1528:, they celebrate the tradition through a movie night at Third and Davidson streets where they will be screening "Coco." This movie night also consists of a community altar, an Altar contest, a catrin/catrina contest, as well as lots of music, food, and vendors. Overall, San Diego is booming with colorful celebrations honoring ancestors across the county. 518: 449:

practices that the Spanish had brought to the Americas survived most robustly in rural and less affluent communities, which had high concentrations of indigenous and mestizo populations. Thus archaic Spanish religious practices in marginal areas came to be mistakenly regarded as the "pure" core of primarily "indigenous" Day of the Dead festivities.

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November 9, the family crowns the skulls with fresh flowers, sometimes also dressing them in various garments, and making offerings of cigarettes, coca leaves, alcohol, and various other items in thanks for the year's protection. The skulls are also sometimes taken to the central cemetery in La Paz for a special Mass and blessing.

434:, a celebration that honored Mixcóatl (the god of war) and was celebrated between October 20 and November 8. This celebration included elements such as the placement of altars with food (tamales) near the burying grounds of warriors to help them in their journey to the afterlife. Influential Mexican poet and Nobel prize laureate 1545:

window sills at sunset and laying out a table of food for deceased relatives who will come to visit. Like other Day of the Dead traditions around the world, Giorno dei Morti is a day dedicated to honoring the lives of those who have died. Additionally, it is a tradition that teaches children not to be afraid of death.

368:. Malvido herself goes as far as calling the festivity a "Cardenist invention" whereby the Catholic elements are removed and emphasis is laid on indigenous iconography, the focus on death and what Malvido considers to be the cultural invention according to which Mexicans venerate death. Gonzalez explains that Mexican 1568:

cultural import, are often found in the shapes of folkloric characters who represent humanized versions of the souls of the dead. Eating the sugar dolls reflects the idea of the individual absorbing the dead and, in doing so, bringing the dead back to life within themselves on November 2. After gifts

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The Catrina character has become deeply associated with the Day of the Dead. Catrina figures made of a wide range of materials, as well as people with Catrina costumes, have come to play a prominent role in modern Day of the Dead observances in Mexico and elsewhere. The Catrina phenomenon has in fact

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mostly dedicated to friends, classmates, co-workers, or family members (living or dead) but also to public or historical figures, describing interesting habits and attitudes, as well as comedic or absurd anecdotes that use death-related imagery which includes but is not limited to cemeteries, skulls,

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A number of Mexico City's museums and public spaces have played an important part in developing and promoting urban Day of the Dead traditions through altars and installations. These notable organizations include: Anahuacalli, The Frida Kahlo Museum, The Museum of Popular Cultures, The Dolores Olmedo

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times indigenous Andeans had a tradition of sharing a day with the bones of their ancestors on the third year after burial. Today families keep only the skulls for such rituals. Traditionally, the skulls of family members are kept at home to watch over the family and protect them during the year. On

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and their allegories of life and death personified in the human skeleton to remind us the ephemeral nature of life. He also highlights that in the 19th-century press there was little mention of the Day of the Dead in the sense that we know it today. All there was were long processions to cemeteries,

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celebrations of the Day of the Dead, on November 1, are highlighted by the construction and flying of giant kites. It is customary to fly kites to help the spirits find their way back to Earth. A few kites have notes for the dead attached to the strings of the kites. The kites are used as a kind of

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He also notes that the same object, such as a stone skull carved by the Aztecs, would have different meanings in different religious contexts. For the Aztecs, bones—and skulls in particular—were reservoirs of enormous sacred power. A stone skull could evoke sacrifice, and the skull racks where

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Ruben C. Cordova emphasizes the zeal with which the Spanish attempted to extinguish indigenous religious beliefs and practices, such that it is often difficult to reconstruct their main features. Over time, indigenous converts became extremely devout Catholics. As Mexico modernized, the traditional

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However, owing to the subjugation of the Aztec Empire by the Spanish conquistador, Hernan Coretes in 1519–1521, this festival increasingly fell under Hispanic influence. It was moved from the beginning of summer to late October—and then to early November—so that it would conicide with the Western

1257:, the opening sequence features a Day of the Dead parade in Mexico City. At the time, no such parade took place in Mexico City; one year later, due to the interest in the film and the government desire to promote the Mexican culture, the federal and local authorities decided to organize an actual 1544:

and is colloquially known as Day of the Dead or "Giorno dei Morti". While many regional nuances exist, celebrations generally consist of placing flowers at cemeteries and family burial sites and speaking to deceased relatives. Some traditions also include lighting a red candle or "lumino" on the

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During Día de Muertos, the tradition is to build private altars ("ofrendas") containing the favorite foods and beverages, as well as photos and memorabilia, of the departed. The intent is to encourage visits by the souls, so the souls will hear the prayers and the words of the living directed to

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neighborhood. Sponsored by Forest Hills Educational Trust and the folkloric performance group La Piñata, the Day of the Dead festivities celebrated the cycle of life and death. People brought offerings of flowers, photos, mementos, and food for their departed loved ones, which they placed at an

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and their allegories of life and death personified in the human skeleton to remind of the ephemeral nature of life. Over the past decades, however, Mexican academia has increasingly questioned the validity of this assumption, even going as far as calling it a politically motivated fabrication.

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The Aztecs devoted two twenty-day months in their ritual calendar to the dead: the ninth and tenth months, which were for children and adults, respectively. Cordova argues that some recollection of these festivals "was compressed down to two days and cryptically celebrated within the Catholic

389:. According to Gonzalez, while Posada is portrayed in current times as the "restorer" of Mexico's pre-Hispanic tradition, he was never interested in Native American culture or history. Posada was predominantly interested in drawing scary images which are far closer to those of the European 6254: 372:

developed diverse cultural expressions with a seal of tradition but which are essentially social constructs which eventually developed ancestral tones. One of these would be the Catholic Día de Muertos which, during the 20th century, appropriated the elements of an ancient pagan rite.

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Opposing views assert that despite the obvious European influence, there exists proof of pre-Columbian festivities that were very similar in spirit, with the Aztec people having at least six celebrations during the year that were very similar to Day of the Dead, the closest one being

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In addition to visiting their own family members, some people pay respects to those without a family. Some Italians take it upon themselves to adopt centuries-old unclaimed bodies and give them offerings like money or jewelry as a way to ease their pain and ask for favors.

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Plans for the day are made throughout the year, including gathering the goods to be offered to the dead. During the three-day period families usually clean and decorate graves; most visit the cemeteries where their loved ones are buried and decorate their graves with

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with the favorite foods and beverages of the departed, and visiting graves with these items as gifts for the deceased. The celebration is not solely focused on the dead, as it is also common to give gifts to friends such as candy sugar skulls, to share traditional

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Museum, The Museum of the First Printing Press, and The Cloister of Sor Juana. From turn of the millennium until the imposition of the James Bond-inspired parade, remarkable large-scale installations were created on the Zocalo, Mexico City's central square.

2081:['Día de Muertos' or 'Día de los Muertos'? The name used in Mexico to denominate the traditional celebration in which death is honored is 'Día de Muertos', although the denomination 'Día de los Muertos' is also grammatically correct] (in Spanish). 1047:

gone beyond Day of the Dead, resulting in non-seasonal and even permanent "Catrinas", including COVID-19 masks, tattoos, permanently decorated cars, and Catrina-themed artworks. Some artists have even developed a sub-specialization in Catrina imagery.

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chicken) is traditionally prepared on October 31 or November 1, and eaten by the family throughout the following days. It is similar to a big tamale, composed of masa and pork lard, and stuffed with pork, chicken, tomato, garlic, peppers, onions,

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Christian triduum (or three-day religious observance) of Allhallowtide (Hallowtide, Allsaintide, or Hallowmas). It lasts from October 31 to November 2 and comprises All Saint's Eve (Halloween), All Saints' Day (All Hallows'), and All Souls' Day.

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multimedia e-book version provides additional content, such as further details; additional photo galleries; pop-up profiles of influential Latino artists and cultural figures over the decades; and video clips of interviews with artists who make

2079:"¿'Día de Muertos' o 'Día de los Muertos'? El nombre usado en México para denominar a la fiesta tradicional en la que se honra a los muertos es 'Día de Muertos', aunque la denominación 'Día de los Muertos' también es gramaticalmente correcta" 654:' food, so though the celebrators eat the food after the festivities, they believe it lacks nutritional value. Pillows and blankets are left out so the deceased can rest after their long journey. In some parts of Mexico, such as the towns of 287:

to encourage Mexican nationalism through an "Aztec" identity. The festivity has become a national symbol in recent decades and it is taught in the nation's school system asserting a native origin. In 2008, the tradition was inscribed in the

1232:. This is done only by the owners of the house where someone in the household has died in the previous year. Many people of the surrounding areas arrive early to eat for free and enjoy the elaborate altars set up to receive the visitors. 1020:("The Elegant Skull"), was likely intended as a criticism of Mexican upper-class women who imitated European fashions. It was first published posthumously in a broadside with a text (not by Posada) that mocked working-class vendors of 438:

strongly supported the syncretic view of the Día de Muertos tradition being a continuity of ancient Aztec festivals celebrating death, as is most evident in the chapter "All Saints, Day of the Dead" of his 1950 book-length essay

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In other communities, interactions between Mexican traditions and American culture are resulting in celebrations in which Mexican traditions are being extended to make artistic or sometimes political statements. For example, in

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the skulls of sacrificed captives were displayed. The Spanish could take an Aztec skull and repurpose it by placing it on a holy water font, or under a cross in a cemetery, whereby it would be transformed into a memento mori.

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annual festival which occurs the last weekend of October. Here, a mix of several Mexican traditions come together with traditional Aztec dancers, regional Mexican music, and other Mexican artisans to celebrate the day.

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pottery as a distilled taskscape is best illustrated in the pottery required for Day of the Dead rituals (on October 31, November 1, and November 6), when the spirits of deceased ancestors come back to the land of the

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dress and a feather boa, as well as other features that make allusions to the indigenous peoples of Mexico. Through the addition of these indigenous features, Rivera rehabilitated Catrina into a nationalist emblem.

1795:(Portuguese: "Day of the Dead" or "Day of the Faithful Deceased") is celebrated on November 2. Similar to other Day of the Dead celebrations, people go to cemeteries and churches with flowers and candles and offer 1667:, the Day of the Dead is celebrated in this Hispanic-Asian country as well. In the Philippines "Undás", "Araw ng mga Yumao" (Tagalog: "Day of those who have died"), coincides with the Roman Catholic celebration of 453:

liturgical calendar", which is why, in Mexico, "unlike other Latin American countries with Day of the Dead traditions — All Saints' Day is dedicated to children, and All Souls' Day is dedicated to adults."

3246: 289: 267: 2970: 850:, made with meat broth, habanero chili, and corn masa. It is then covered in banana leaves and steamed in an underground oven over the course of several hours. Once cooked, it is dug up and opened to eat. 493:

them. These altars are often placed at home or in public spaces such as schools and libraries, but it is also common for people to go to cemeteries to place these altars next to the tombs of the departed.

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Mexican academics are divided on whether the festivity has genuine indigenous pre-Hispanic roots or whether it is a 20th-century rebranded version of a Spanish tradition developed during the presidency of

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of the dead to the offerings. It is also believed the bright petals with a strong scent can guide the souls from cemeteries to their family homes. The common name in English, marigold, is derived from

2508: 2415: 1388:. The project's website contains some of the text and images which explain the origins of some of the customary core practices related to the Day of the Dead, such as the background beliefs and the 2591: 299:

Views differ on whether the festivity has indigenous pre-Hispanic roots, whether it is a more modern adaptation of an existing European tradition, or a combination of both as a manifestation of

1675:. Filipinos traditionally observe this day by visiting the family dead to clean and repair their tombs, just as is done in Mexico. Offerings of prayers, flowers, candles, and even food, while 1401:-themed artwork, explanations and performances of Aztec and other traditional dances, an animation short that explains the customs to children, virtual poetry readings in English and Spanish. 5956: 5841: 4407: 4090: 3776:"Feliz Día de los Muertos de la Administración Biden-Harris. Hoy y mañana, el Presidente y la Primera Dama reconocerán el Día de los Muertos con la primera ofrenda ubicada en la Casa Blanca" 1453:, highlighting the high casualty rate among Latino soldiers. An updated, intercultural version of the Day of the Dead is also evolving at Hollywood Forever Cemetery. There, in a mixture of 5926: 2382: 965:

published a poem narrating a dream of a cemetery in the future which included the words "and all of us were dead", and then proceeding to read the tombstones. Current newspapers dedicate

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influences that account for the custom, and it has become a way to remember those forebears of Mexican culture. The Day of the Dead is largely seen as having a festive characteristic.

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Regardless of its origin, the festivity has become a national symbol in Mexico and as such is taught in the nation's school system, typically asserting a native origin. It is also a

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are a staple of the holiday in many institutions and organizations, for example, in public schools, students are encouraged or required to write them as part of the language class.

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or sugar skulls, which are inscribed with the name of the recipient on the forehead. Sugar skulls can be given as gifts to both the living and the dead. Other holiday foods include

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elaborately and colorfully decorated altar. A program of traditional music and dance also accompanied the community event. The Jamaica Plain celebration was discontinued in 2011.

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Mexican-American cultural center presents an annual Day of the Dead celebration that includes both traditional and political elements, such as altars to honor the victims of the

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was identified with conservative political stances. This exclusive nationalism began to displace all other cultural perspectives, to the point that in the 1930s the Aztec god

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Food plays an important part of Italy's day of the dead tradition, with various regional treats being used as offerings to the dead on their journey to the afterlife. In

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to their menus for the season. Many non-indigenous Ecuadorians visit the graves of the deceased, cleaning and bringing flowers, or preparing the traditional foods, too.

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sometimes ending with drunkenness. Elsa Malvido also points to the recent origin of the tradition of "velar" or staying up all night with the dead. It resulted from the

3238: 2966: 1703:, since the late 20th century, some local citizens join in a Mexican-style Day of the Dead. A theater group conducts events involving candles, masks, and make-up using 1333:

In many U.S. communities with Mexican residents, Day of the Dead celebrations are very similar to those held in Mexico. In some of these communities, in states such as

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families gather together in the community cemetery with offerings of food for a day-long remembrance of their ancestors and lost loved ones. Ceremonial foods include

1552:, families celebrate a long-held Day of the Dead tradition called The Festival of the Dead or "Festa dei Morti". On the eve of November 1, La Festa di Ognissanti, or 5863: 3639: 1173:

The traditions and activities that take place in celebration of the Day of the Dead are not universal, often varying from town to town. For example, in the town of

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has a shop offering handcrafted Mexican gifts and a museum devoted to Day of the Dead artifacts. Also, the Fruitvale district in Oakland serves as the hub of the

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which forced family pantheons out of Churches and into civil cemeteries, requiring rich families to have servants guard family possessions displayed at altars.

321:. Gonzalez states that, even though the "indigenous" narrative became hegemonic, the spirit of the festivity has far more in common with European traditions of 4164:

The Philippines, which is a predominantly Catholic nation, is considered the second country after Mexico with the most people to celebrate the Day of the Dead.

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celebrates their annual event which includes community and family altars built around the Oceanside Civic Center and Pier View Way, as well as events at the

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celebrates through a public festival in Jeremy Henwood Memorial Park that includes at least 35 altars, lowriders, and entertainment, all for free. Down in

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recounts his Giorno dei Morti experience as boy, as well as the negative cultural impact that WWII era American influence had on the long-held tradition.

7237: 5931: 2688: 2583: 1317: 6263: 3936: 3869: 5836: 3514: 1434: 4399: 4082: 3843: 3668: 1433:, which began in 2002. The celebration of the Day of the Dead in Santa Ana has grown to two large events with the creation of an event held at the 7241: 6020: 4817: 4184: 3813: 3427: 648:

are left out in the homes as a welcoming gesture for the deceased. Some people believe the spirits of the dead eat the "spiritual essence" of the

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which is represented on this date both in Spain and in Mexico since the early 19th century due to its ghostly apparitions and cemetery scenes.

2657: 1799:. The celebration is intended as a positive honoring of the dead. Memorializing the dead draws from indigenous and European Catholic origins. 1745:

which means 'food for the souls' in their language. Altars are constructed and decorated with food, drinks, candies, and candles put on them.

1201:(butterflies) to Janitzio, an island in the middle of the lake where there is a cemetery, to honor and celebrate the lives of the dead there. 1027:

Posada's image of a skeletal figure with a big hat decorated with two ostrich feathers and flowers was elaborated into a full scale figure by

5323: 4608: 4590: 3698: 3365: 3141: 2724: 2188: 2156: 2124: 2016: 5627: 4471: 2242: 1859:, bread shaped like infants (or, more generally, people), though variations include many pigs—the latter being traditional to the city of 2481: 1512:, the city that borders Mexico, the celebrations range across the entire county. All the way up at the most northern part of the county, 5831: 5632: 5091: 3752: 1185:, the tradition is very different if the deceased is a child rather than an adult. On November 1 of the year after a child's death, the 2090: 5301: 4966: 2903: 732: 4661:

Cordova, Ruben C. (2019). "José Guadalupe Posada and Diego Rivera Fashion Catrina: From Sellout To National Icon (and Back Again?)".

4255: 3023: 2272: 774:; today families will commonly drink the favorite beverage of their deceased ancestors. Other drinks associated with the holiday are 7913: 7868: 7863: 7848: 5273: 4756: 4735: 4622: 4278: 4052: 3060: 1160: 910:

In some parts of the country, especially the larger cities, children in costumes roam the streets, knocking on people's doors for a

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During Day of the Dead festivities, food is both eaten by living people and given to the spirits of their departed ancestors as

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In addition to food, drinks are also important to the tradition of Day of the Dead. Historically, the main alcoholic drink was

666:, people spend all night beside the graves of their relatives. In many places, people have picnics at the grave site, as well. 4120: 1141: 761:

is a type of sweet roll shaped like a bun, topped with sugar, and often decorated with bone-shaped pieces of the same pastry.

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the Day of the Dead is observed to some extent by all parts of society, though it is especially important to the indigenous

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In this context, the Day of the Dead began to be officially isolated from the Catholic Church by the leftist government of

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Cordova, Ruben C. (2019). "Is Day of the Dead More Indigenous or Catholic? Friars Durán and Sahagún vs. Knowledge (XXG)".

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bread made in various shapes from plain rounds to skulls, often decorated with white frosting to look like twisted bones.

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It is common for Peruvians to visit the cemetery, play music and bring flowers to decorate the graves of dead relatives.

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Cordova, Ruben C. (2005). "Posada, José Guadalupe". In Ilan Stavans, ed.-in-chief, and Harold Augenbraum, assoc. ed.,

4346: 4022: 7783: 1446: 1244:(the Dance of the Old Men) where boys and young men dressed like grandfathers crouch and jump in an energetic dance. 7908: 7858: 7620: 7177: 5742: 4971: 4680: 2864: 2614: 4232: 1087: 767:, or sugar skulls, display colorful designs to represent the vitality and individual personality of the departed. 618:

for adults. Families will also offer trinkets or the deceased's favorite candies on the grave. Some families have

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Day of the Dead celebrations take place over October 31 ... November 1 (All Saints' Day), and November 2.

1060: 988: 386: 6792: 7778: 6176: 6043: 5798: 5186: 5084: 4880: 3905: 2008: 1691:). Many also spend the day and ensuing night holding reunions at the cemetery, having feasts and merriment. 1525: 1521: 1442: 1405: 1373: 1109: 317: 7665: 6232: 7918: 7675: 7344: 5803: 5672: 5617: 5416: 5145: 4803: 4325: 1975: 1700: 7758: 7538: 4640:

Cordova, Ruben C. (2005). "Calaveras". In Ilan Stavans, ed.-in-chief, and Harold Augenbraum, assoc. ed.,

3510: 3239:"José Guadalupe Posada and Diego Rivera Fashion Catrina: From Sellout To National Icon (and Back Again?)" 3216:

Cordova, Ruben C. (2005). "Calaveras". In Ilan Stavans, ed. in chief, and Harold Augenbraum, assoc. ed.,

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Brandes, Stanley (1998). "The Day of the Dead, Halloween, and the Quest for Mexican National Identity".

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in Mexico. It is served cold and quite sweet with a lot of ice. The ruby-red beverage is also known as

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Todos Santos in Rural Tlaxcala: A Syncretic, Expressive, and Symbolic Analysis of the Cult of the Dead

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Brandes, Stanley (1997). "Sugar, Colonialism, and Death: On the Origins of Mexico's Day of the Dead".

3836:"Viva la Vida or Noche de Altares? Santa Ana's downtown division fuels dueling Day of the Dead events" 2771:

Brandes, Stanley (1997). "Sugar, Colonialism, and Death: On the Origins of Mexico's Day of the Dead".

2740: 1457:

art, Mexican traditions and Hollywood hip, conventional altars are set up side by side with altars to

916:, a small gift of candies or money; they also ask passersby for it. This custom is similar to that of 315:

Agustin Sanchez Gonzalez has a similar view in his article published in the INAH's bi-monthly journal

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with family and friends, and to write light-hearted and often irreverent verses in the form of mock

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the "pane dei morti" or "bread of the dead" is said to be the characteristic offering. In northern

1271:

on October 29, 2016, which was attended by 250,000 people. This could be seen as an example of the

1264: 1253: 1015: 808: 698: 674: 378: 6777: 3690: 3361: 1875:. These traditions have permeated mainstream society, as well, where food establishments add both 830: 7217: 7172: 6852: 6657: 6597: 6510: 6452: 6100: 6079: 5549: 5203: 5077: 4992: 4961: 4940: 4870: 4567: 4530: 4501: 3760: 3577: 2804: 2796: 2163:

In Yucatan, however, the Day of the Dead rituals occur on October 31, November 1, and November 6.

210: 7197: 6505: 5466: 5208: 4850: 1668: 1553: 924:

in the United States, but without the component of mischief to homeowners if no treat is given.

847: 171: 6827: 2474:"El Día de Muertos mexicano nació como arma política o tradición prehispánica – Arte y Cultura" 7818: 7743: 7695: 7645: 7256: 7167: 6994: 6867: 6847: 6727: 6687: 6632: 6342: 6105: 6025: 5941: 5662: 5471: 5431: 5426: 5391: 5171: 5166: 4930: 4855: 4752: 4731: 4618: 4604: 4586: 4467: 3874: 3137: 3056: 2788: 2720: 2584:"Is Day of the Dead More Indigenous or Catholic? Friars Durán and Sahagún vs. Knowledge (XXG)" 2473: 2250: 2184: 2152: 2120: 2012: 1955: 1950: 1868: 1820: 1716: 1676: 1672: 1648: 1541: 1222:(small wax candles) to show respect for the recently deceased. In return the visitors receive 947: 921: 394: 258: 175: 1134: 7728: 7680: 7413: 7329: 7207: 6837: 6722: 6677: 6647: 6372: 5501: 5481: 5027: 5002: 4997: 4559: 4522: 4493: 2780: 2078: 1586: 1573: 1561: 1326: 1277: 1055: 1028: 566: 423: 418: 365: 188: 6912: 6376: 6297: 3134:

Day of the Dead in the USA : The Migration and Transformation of a Cultural Phenomenon

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José Guadalupe Posada's depiction of La Calavera Catrina, shown wearing a then-fashionable

7720: 7324: 7064: 6567: 6557: 6472: 6332: 6221: 6144: 5567: 5306: 4679:. San Antonio, TX: City of San Antonio Department of Arts & Culture, Centro de Artes. 4332: 3027: 2622:. San Antonio: The City of San Antonio, Department of Arts & Culture. pp. 32–33. 2276: 1489: 1485: 1466: 1458: 1350: 1346: 694: 678: 669: 7768: 7369: 7119: 4274: 4259: 3806:"Less-scary holiday: Some faith groups offer alternatives to Halloween trick-or-treating" 806:) is a popular herbal tea made of the flowers and leaves of the Jamaican hibiscus plant ( 3775: 3537: 3476: 3387: 1101: in this Local traditions section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 337:

The historian Ricardo Pérez Montfort has further demonstrated how the ideology known as

110:

Creation of home altars to remember the dead, traditional dishes for the Day of the Dead

7798: 7763: 7660: 7569: 7493: 7389: 7212: 7202: 7089: 7004: 6922: 6772: 6672: 6462: 6442: 6188: 6166: 6035: 5902: 5759: 5754: 5667: 5603: 5511: 5491: 5401: 5240: 5181: 4945: 4900: 1940: 1855: 1812: 1704: 1664: 1384:, have created a Smithsonian Latino Virtual Museum and accompanying multimedia e-book: 941: 549: 508: 398: 225: 4761:

Matos Moctezuma, Eduardo, et al. "Miccahuitl: El culto a la muerte", special issue of

4206: 3300: 2538: 7837: 7773: 7640: 7559: 7513: 7508: 7426: 7364: 7339: 7334: 7150: 7019: 7009: 6984: 6902: 6637: 6532: 6447: 6367: 6317: 6171: 6062: 5697: 5637: 5476: 5328: 5278: 5225: 5176: 5128: 4910: 4840: 4826: 4505: 2808: 1945: 1860: 1845: 1767: 1635:, New Zealand, complete with altars celebrating the deceased with flowers and gifts. 1462: 1365: 742: 627: 576: 461: 354: 331: 322: 308: 304: 248: 206: 7564: 412:. The recent trans-Atlantic connection can also be observed in the pervasive use of 345:

became more and more closely linked to post-revolutionary official projects whereas

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Similar traditional and intercultural updating of Mexican celebrations are held in

1275:. The idea of a massive celebration was also popularized in the Disney Pixar movie 1272: 1031: 819: 803: 528: 383: 350: 44: 7589: 6979: 3422: 3269: 2509:"Orígenes profundamente católicos y no prehispánicos, la fiesta de día de muertos" 1182: 1174: 659: 524: 357:

tradition, with a person dressed up as the deity offering gifts to poor children.

4580: 3582: 3050: 7625: 7594: 7463: 7109: 7079: 6872: 6812: 6717: 6697: 6627: 6617: 6587: 6500: 6112: 5720: 5657: 5642: 5213: 4905: 4681:

https://www.getcreativesanantonio.com/Portals/3/Files/DOD_CATALGOGUE_digital.pdf

2967:"Sugar Skulls, Tamales And More: Why Is That Food On The Day Of The Dead Altar?" 1872: 1656: 1381: 1076: 1039: 958: 936:

A distinctive literary form exists within this holiday where people write short

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One key element of the re-developed festivity which appears during this time is

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Day of the Dead A Passion for Life – Día de los Muertos Pasión por la Vida

1807:

Costa Rica celebrates Día De Los Muertos on November 2. The day is also called

1000: 7733: 7523: 7192: 7094: 7059: 7039: 7014: 6907: 6802: 6797: 6732: 6622: 6582: 6577: 6457: 6400: 6381: 6357: 6282: 6072: 5647: 5496: 5266: 4935: 4497: 2997: 2784: 2212: 1684: 1680: 1632: 1338: 1248: 1209: 1186: 1050: 895: 409: 346: 300: 235: 134: 55: 2792: 2717:

Death and Bereavement Around the World: Death and Bereavement in the Americas

701:, pictures of deceased relatives and other people, scores of candles, and an 7803: 7738: 7715: 7705: 7700: 7518: 7349: 7074: 7069: 7054: 7029: 6897: 6362: 6327: 6117: 5594: 5461: 5381: 5235: 5191: 5150: 5140: 5135: 5118: 5100: 4925: 4845: 4706:

Cordova, Ruben C. (2022). "Catrina Mania IV: Brandon Maldonado's Catrinas".

3960:"Celebrate Día de los Muertos in San Diego County with these festive events" 3545: 3484: 1965: 1891: 1628: 1620: 1509: 962: 917: 885: 431: 167: 7354: 6572: 6067: 4543: 4350: 2052: 1643: 729:

are one of the most common dishes prepared for this day for both purposes.

2408:"Dos historiadoras encuentran diverso origen del Día de Muertos en México" 353:

was officially promoted by the government as a substitute for the Spanish

220:

Traditions connected with the holiday include honoring the deceased using

7690: 7630: 7408: 7359: 7306: 7288: 7099: 6882: 6842: 6822: 6767: 6520: 6437: 6292: 5786: 5776: 5531: 5516: 5506: 4915: 3721: 1557: 1450: 1392:(the special altar commemorating one's deceased loved one). The Made For 1021: 982: 976: 867: 750: 663: 569:

for 'twenty flowers'). In modern Mexico the marigold is sometimes called

402: 221: 74: 3218:

Encyclopedia Latina: History, Culture, and Society in the United States.

1766:, at the beginning of November after the celebrations of All Saints. In 501: 255:

dedicated to living friends and acquaintances, a literary form known as

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Cordova, Ruben C. (2019). "A Guide to Day of the Dead in Mexico City".

4649:

Encyclopedia Latina: History, Culture, and Society in the United States

4642:

Encyclopedia Latina: History, Culture, and Society in the United States

4240: 4083:"The Frutta Martorana, the Typical Sicilian Dessert for All Souls' day" 3791: 3753:"Smithsonian-UTEP Día de los Muertos Festival: A 2D and 3D Experience!" 2177:

Maya Potters' Indigenous Knowledge: Cognition, Engagement, and Practice

2086: 1897: 1832: 1763: 1596: 1342: 1223: 1213: 972: 953: 843: 839: 834: 724: 599: 413: 252: 241: 4571: 4534: 2800: 1849:, a spiced fruit porridge that derives its deep purple color from the 1423:, is said to hold the "largest event in Southern California" honoring 517: 7468: 7446: 7431: 7421: 7404: 7384: 7314: 7124: 7084: 6969: 6927: 6892: 6762: 6662: 6054: 5897: 5793: 5486: 5441: 2339: 1836: 1796: 1780: 1759: 1732: 1660: 1604: 1565: 1549: 1393: 1361: 1035: 879: 861: 771: 690: 607: 603: 406: 293: 271: 202: 70: 6312: 2051:(Mexico) are written with initial capital letter] (in Spanish). 1895:

telecommunication to heaven. A big event also is the consumption of

1619:

Mexican-style Day of the Dead celebrations occur in major cities in

1589:, English translation of "The Day That The Dead Lost Their Way Home" 4563: 4526: 4400:"Perú: así se vivió Día de todos los santos en cementerios de Lima" 2567:

Paz, Octavio. 'The Labyrinth of Solitude'. N.Y.: Grove Press, 1961.

2375:"Día de muertos, ¿tradición prehispánica o invención del siglo XX?" 1871:, can be made savory with cheese inside or sweet with a filling of 290:

Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity

268:

Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity

7788: 7685: 7554: 7374: 7278: 7273: 7160: 6887: 6832: 6807: 6702: 6667: 6537: 6433: 6193: 5887: 5590: 5198: 4895: 4651:. Danbury, CT: Grolier Academic Reference, 4 vols.: II: 258 – 259. 3418:"Fotogalería: Desfile por Día de Muertos reúne a 250 mil personas" 1850: 1642: 1600: 1537: 1470: 1334: 1316: 1304: 999: 777: 731: 686: 668: 613: 214: 102:

Prayer and remembrance of friends and family members who have died

4644:. Danbury, CT: Grolier Academic Reference, 4 vols.: I: 248 – 249. 2143:

Skibo, James; Skibo, James M.; Feinman, Gary (January 14, 1999).

1863:. The bread, which is wheat flour-based today, but was made with 473:

Altars and installations in Mexico City museums and public spaces

7283: 7114: 6857: 6782: 6742: 6542: 6515: 6307: 6198: 5366: 4795: 4685:

Cordova, Ruben C. (2020). "A Brief History of Day of the Dead".

4023:"FESTA DEI MORTI: THE SICILIAN WAY TO REMEMBER THEIR LOVED ONES" 3901: 2715:

Salvador, R.J. (2003). John D. Morgan and Pittu Laungani (ed.).

1864: 1624: 937: 873: 791: 6236: 5563: 5073: 4799: 3220:

Danbury, CT: Grolier Academic Reference, 4 vols.: I: 248 – 249.

2275:. National Geographic Society. October 17, 2012. Archived from 19:

This article is about the Mexican holiday. For other uses, see

6917: 3902:"Dia de los Muertos [Day of the Dead] – San Francisco" 3391: 1070: 3604: 3089: 2441:""Día de Muertos, un invento cardenista", decía Elsa Malvido" 1839:

peoples, who make up an estimated quarter of the population.

7889:

Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity

5069: 4144:"Millions of Filipinos visit cemeteries for All Saints' Day" 4053:"ANDREA CAMILLERI TELLS US: "THE DAY OF THE DEAD IN SICILY"" 2005:

The Kaleidoscopic Vision of Malcolm Lowry: Souls and Shamans

583:, a name first applied to a similar plant native to Europe, 511:(marigold) is the traditional flower used to honor the dead. 7626:

Brotherhood of the Holy Spirit of the Congos of Villa Mella

3993:"Witness historic Day of the Dead rituals in Naples, Italy" 952:(lit. "literary skulls"), which are mocking, light-hearted 1930:

are made and placed in shoes once worn by dead relatives.

846:, and spices. Once stuffed, the mukbil pollo is bathed in 4207:"48 Best Sugar Skull Makeup Creations To Day of the Dead" 3987: 3985: 575:('Flower of Dead'). These flowers are thought to attract 229: 4615:

The Skeleton at the Feast: The Day of the Dead in Mexico

2741:"5 Facts About Día de los Muertos (The Day of the Dead)" 673:

Families tidying and decorating graves at a cemetery in

547:(altars), which often include orange Mexican marigolds ( 4301:"All Saints day in Bolivia – "The skull festival"" 3188:"These wicked Day of the Dead poems don't spare anyone" 3136:. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press. p. 17. 560: 278:

Origins, history, and similarities to other festivities

26:"Dia de los Muertos" redirects here. For the band, see 1345:, the celebrations tend to be mostly traditional. The 1189:

set a table in the parents' home with sweets, fruits,

624:

in homes, usually with foods such as candied pumpkin,

4866:

International Day of Prayer for the Persecuted Church

4714:

Garcia-Rivera, Alex (1997). "Death Takes a Holiday".

3091:

Diccionario enciclopédico de la Gastronomía Mexicana

1484:, SomArts Cultural Center, Mission Cultural Center, 7607: 7137: 6485: 6408: 6271: 6159: 6136: 6088: 6034: 6008: 5983: 5967: 5872: 5824: 5713: 5690: 5681: 5610: 5454: 5415: 5355: 5346: 5289: 5249: 5159: 5109: 5041: 4985: 4954: 4888: 4833: 1631:. Additionally, prominent celebrations are held in 163: 155: 140: 130: 122: 114: 106: 98: 81: 66: 37: 3958:McIntosh, Linda; Groch, Laura (October 20, 2022). 1853:and purple maize. This is typically consumed with 1758:("Day of the Skulls") is a festival celebrated in 1740: 1465:. Colorful native dancers and music intermix with 1038:painted in 1946–47. Rivera's Catrina has a simple 884:(colloquial term for skeleton), and foods such as 755:are associated specifically with Day of the Dead. 3388:"Mexico City stages first Day of the Dead parade" 1699:As part of a promotion by the Mexican embassy in 1235:Another peculiar tradition involving children is 364:motivated both by "indigenismo" and left-leaning 4349:. InterPress Service News Agency. Archived from 3929:"Lively Petaluma festival marks Day of the Dead" 3332:"Catrina Mania IV: Brandon Maldonado's Catrinas" 1735:, Day of the Dead is practiced by people of the 1356:The festival also was held annually at historic 4783:Roy, Ann (1995). "A Crack Between the Worlds". 4728:Day of the Dead: When Two Worlds Meet in Oaxaca 4699:Cordova, Ruben C. (2021). "Catrina Mania III". 4628:Conklin, Paul (2001). "Death Takes a Holiday". 3757:Smithsonian Latino Virtual Museum Press Release 2468: 2466: 1579: 736:Family altar for the Day of the Dead on a patio 303:. The beginning of the Christian observance of 1998: 1996: 1994: 1992: 1216:, opens its doors to visitors in exchange for 1063:(1817–1893) are also traditional on this day. 6248: 5575: 5085: 4811: 3096:Encyclopedic dictionary of Mexican Gastronomy 1655:Due to the close cultural connections of the 1428: 1258: 1236: 1227: 1217: 1196: 1190: 1013: 992: 980: 966: 945: 928: 911: 902: 889: 877: 865: 813: 797: 783: 775: 762: 756: 748: 740: 722: 716: 702: 649: 643: 637: 625: 619: 611: 593: 570: 554: 540: 483: 338: 256: 239: 196: 49: 8: 4692:Cordova, Ruben C. (2020). "Catrina Mania!". 4113:"Day of the Dead in Wellington, New Zealand" 3632:"Day of the Dead dies as cemetery cuts arts" 2824:"Marigolds: Blooms of Cultural Significance" 2336:"Indigenous festivity dedicated to the dead" 2206: 2204: 1492:by the Marigold Project. Oakland is home to 266:In 2008, the tradition was inscribed in the 5013:Churches Militant, Penitent, and Triumphant 4478:Las tradiciones de Día de Muertos en México 4430:"Bones of the Dead Cookies - Ossa Di Morto" 3477:"Port Isabel's Day of the Dead Celebration" 3055:. Fondo de Cultura Económica. p. 156. 2829:Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences 2710: 2708: 2706: 2681:"A Guide to Day of the Dead in Mexico City" 991:, a Mexican illustrator. In modern Mexico, 7613: 7238:Council of Wise Men of the plain of Murcia 7143: 6489: 6412: 6275: 6255: 6241: 6233: 5687: 5582: 5568: 5560: 5352: 5092: 5078: 5070: 4818: 4804: 4796: 4486:Comparative Studies in Society and History 2773:Comparative Studies in Society and History 1564:". The pupi di zucchero, thought to be an 693:in their homes; these sometimes feature a 598:, or 'the little angels'), and bottles of 43: 34: 4777:The Days of the Dead, a Mexican Tradition 4544:"Iconography in Mexico's Day of the Dead" 4326:Costa Rica Celebrates The Day of the Dead 4303:. Bolivia Line (May 2005). Archived from 3605:"Old Town San Diego's Dia de los Muertos" 2867:- College of Agriculture and Bioresources 2743:. Smithsonian Insider. October 30, 2016. 2330: 2328: 2296: 2294: 1663:, with extensive links going back to the 1520:. In the more central area of San Diego, 1161:Learn how and when to remove this message 4275:"Bolivians Honor Skull-Toting Tradition" 4142:De Pacina, Michelle (November 1, 2022). 3158:"Mi Calaverita: Mexico's Trick or Treat" 3088:Muñoz Zurita, Ricardo. "Muc bil pollo". 2503: 2501: 2499: 2435: 2433: 2402: 2400: 1437:for the first time on November 1, 2015. 1435:Santa Ana Regional Transportation Center 1321:Women with calaveras makeup celebrating 864:of the holiday is the skull (in Spanish 7242:Water Tribunal of the plain of Valencia 4617:. Great Britain: The Bath Press, 1991. 4582:Skulls to the Living, Bread to the Dead 3362:"Día de los Muertos or Day of the Dead" 3168:from the original on September 29, 2021 2369: 2367: 2365: 2363: 2361: 2313:from the original on September 29, 2021 2059:from the original on September 26, 2020 2003:Foxcroft, Nigel H. (October 28, 2019). 1988: 1739:ethnicity. The celebration is known as 1671:and continues on to the following day: 1349:has been an annual event since 1990 in 4281:from the original on February 18, 2008 3732:from the original on November 12, 2014 3671:from the original on December 22, 2014 3552:from the original on December 11, 2007 3330:Cordova, Ruben C. (October 30, 2022). 3299:Cordova, Ruben C. (November 1, 2021). 3268:Cordova, Ruben C. (November 2, 2020). 3237:Cordova, Ruben C. (November 2, 2019). 2960: 2958: 2956: 2679:Cordova, Ruben C. (November 2, 2019). 2648:Cordova, Ruben C. (November 1, 2020). 2582:Cordova, Ruben C. (October 31, 2019). 2385:from the original on November 24, 2020 2223:from the original on November 30, 2007 54:altar commemorating a deceased man in 4613:Carmichael, Elizabeth; Sayer, Chloe. 4585:. Blackwell Publishing. p. 232. 4440:from the original on November 2, 2021 4410:from the original on November 7, 2017 4380:from the original on October 14, 2007 4335:Outward Bound Costa Rica, 2012-11-01. 4213:from the original on October 13, 2021 4187:from the original on October 29, 2018 4154:from the original on October 20, 2023 4093:from the original on November 2, 2022 4063:from the original on November 4, 2022 4033:from the original on November 2, 2022 3970:from the original on November 1, 2022 3908:from the original on October 17, 2014 3882:from the original on November 3, 2023 3846:from the original on November 3, 2015 3816:from the original on October 31, 2015 3701:from the original on October 31, 2014 3642:from the original on October 19, 2022 3630:Oliveira, Rebeca (November 4, 2011). 3611:from the original on November 7, 2014 3517:from the original on November 3, 2016 3491:from the original on December 9, 2007 3456:from the original on November 3, 2016 3430:from the original on October 31, 2016 3398:from the original on October 30, 2016 3232: 3230: 3228: 3226: 3127: 3125: 3123: 3121: 3119: 3117: 3102:from the original on November 2, 2021 3098:] (in Spanish). Larousse Cocina. 3069:from the original on November 3, 2023 2973:from the original on October 28, 2017 2873:from the original on November 9, 2023 2840:from the original on November 9, 2023 2766: 2764: 2762: 2629:from the original on February 2, 2023 2577: 2575: 2573: 2549:from the original on December 7, 2020 2484:from the original on October 26, 2020 2451:from the original on November 1, 2020 2418:from the original on October 30, 2020 2346:from the original on October 11, 2014 7: 4742:Días de los Muertos/Days of the Dead 4254:Guidi, Ruxandra (November 9, 2007). 3368:from the original on August 29, 2018 2747:from the original on August 29, 2018 2650:"A brief history of Day of the Dead" 2301:Chávez, Xóchitl (October 23, 2018). 2175:Arnold, Dean E. (February 7, 2018). 1922:A traditional biscotti-type cookie, 1099:adding citations to reliable sources 592:Toys are brought for dead children ( 416:in allegories of death and the play 7297:La Mare de Déu de la Salut Festival 6264:UNESCO Oral and Intangible Heritage 4740:Lane, Sarah and Marilyn Turkovich, 4347:"Diversity in Remembering the Dead" 4345:Ortiz, Gonzalo (October 30, 2010). 3999:. November 20, 2018. Archived from 3927:Elliott, Vicky (October 27, 2000). 3870:"Making a night of Day of the Dead" 3720:Smithsonian Latino Virtual Museum. 3691:"Smithsonian Latino Virtual Museum" 3664:Día de los Muertos: Day of the Dead 3661:Smithsonian Latino Virtual Museum. 3342:from the original on March 13, 2023 3311:from the original on March 12, 2023 3280:from the original on March 12, 2023 3249:from the original on March 12, 2023 3026:. Cooking in Mexico. Archived from 2992:Castella, Krystina (October 2010). 2927:"Day of the Dead Sweets and Treats" 2906:from the original on April 19, 2023 2691:from the original on March 13, 2023 2660:from the original on March 13, 2023 2594:from the original on March 13, 2023 1754: 1386:Día de los Muertos: Day of the Dead 91:Christian (with syncretic elements) 7189:Baltic song and dance celebrations 4967:I Sing a Song of the Saints of God 4239:. October 24, 2007. Archived from 3774:@LaCasaBlanca (November 1, 2021). 2249:. October 17, 2012. Archived from 2093:from the original on April 2, 2020 172:All Saints' Day / All Hallows' Day 168:All Saints' Eve / All Hallows' Eve 14: 4372:Burlingame, Betsy; Wood, Joshua. 4273:Smith, Fiona (November 8, 2005). 4177:"All Saints Day around the world" 4123:from the original on June 4, 2009 3939:from the original on July 8, 2012 3004:from the original on July 8, 2015 2941:from the original on June 6, 2015 2925:Turim, Gayle (November 2, 2012). 872:), which celebrants represent in 7575:Violins craftsmanship of Cremona 7262:Dancing procession of Echternach 6960:Pahlevani and zoorkhaneh rituals 6753:Jeju Chilmeoridang Yeongdeunggut 6399: 6353:Sega tambour of Rodrigues Island 6217: 6216: 5544: 5543: 4879: 4374:"Visit to cemetery in Guatemala" 3571:White, Erin (November 5, 2006). 3426:(in Spanish). October 29, 2016. 3198:from the original on May 6, 2019 2822:Julio Perez (October 26, 2023). 1075: 516: 500: 21:Day of the Dead (disambiguation) 7784:South Pacific Colombian marimba 7585:Wooden toys of Hrvatsko Zagorje 4726:Haley, Shawn D.; Fukuda, Curt. 1518:Mission San Luis Rey de Francia 1086:needs additional citations for 822:in English-speaking countries. 422:by 19th-century Spanish writer 7499:Petrykivka decorative painting 7311:French timber framing scribing 6348:Ritual dance of the royal drum 4466:. La Oferta Publishing, 2007. 2965:Godoy, Maria (November 2016). 1711:Similar or related festivities 1378:University of Texas at El Paso 1084:This Local traditions section 1: 7904:Religious festivals in Mexico 7899:Observances honoring the dead 7754:Popayán Holy Week processions 7247:Copper craftsmanship of Lahij 6151:Hammersmith Ghost murder case 4775:Oliver Vega, Beatriz, et al. 4406:. peru.com. January 1, 2016. 2892:Brother John M. Samaha, S.M. 2379:Relatos e Historias en México 1707:in the form of sugar skulls. 1285:Observances outside of Mexico 790:, warm, thick, non-alcoholic 697:, statues or pictures of the 7636:Carnaval de Negros y Blancos 7504:Procession of the Holy Blood 6543:Baul tradition of Bangladesh 4977:Ye Watchers and Ye Holy Ones 4846:Halloween (All Hallows' Eve) 4749:Death and the Idea of Mexico 4515:Journal of American Folklore 2181:University Press of Colorado 1473:play on traditional themes. 1447:Self Help Graphics & Art 1376:, in collaboration with the 1329:of San Francisco, California 1012:Posada's most famous print, 209:. Some argue that there are 7641:Bumba-meu-boi from Maranhão 6049:Electronic voice phenomenon 5842:locations in United Kingdom 4233:"Day of the Dead in Prague" 3933:The San Francisco Chronicle 2247:National Geographic Society 2211:Palfrey, Dale Hoyt (1995). 2113:Sacred Places of a Lifetime 2089:Account. November 2, 2019. 1496:in the Fruitvale district. 1406:Biden-Harris administration 979:in the style of the famous 399:Spanish War of Independence 7940: 7711:Indigenous Day of the Dead 6266:: Representative List 5226:Lighting candles on graves 4972:In Our Day of Thanksgiving 4677:The Day of the Dead in Art 4675:Cordova, Ruben C. (2019). 4476:Anguiano, Mariana, et al. 3840:The Orange County Register 3810:The Orange County Register 2865:University of Saskatchewan 2616:The Day of the Dead in Art 2613:Cordova, Ruben C. (2019). 2045:Día de los Fieles Difuntos 1714: 1572:Acclaimed Sicilian author 1288: 393:or the horrors painted by 25: 18: 7616: 7418:Moldovan Christmas Carols 7380:Lithuanian cross crafting 7302:Festivity of Saint Blaise 7146: 7070:Tugging rituals and games 6818:Ladkah Buddhist chantings 6678:Gangneung Danoje Festival 6492: 6415: 6397: 6278: 6212: 5601: 5540: 5219:Connecticut field pumpkin 5033:Persecution of Christians 4877: 4579:Brandes, Stanley (2006). 4542:Brandes, Stanley (1998). 4498:10.1017/S0010417500020624 4331:October 23, 2021, at the 3751:Smithsonian Institution. 3132:Marchi, Regina M (2009). 3052:Cocina esencial de México 2785:10.1017/S0010417500020624 2219:. Access Mexico Connect. 1918:Southern Italy and Sicily 1204:In contrast, the town of 531:used to decorate an altar 442:The Labyrinth of Solitude 73:, and regions with large 42: 28:Dia de los Muertos (band) 16:Mexican multi-day holiday 7914:Festivals in El Salvador 7869:Culture of Latin America 7864:Mexican-American culture 7849:Folk festivals in Mexico 7621:Carnaval de Barranquilla 7514:Sauna culture in Finland 7320:Georgian vocal polyphony 7000:Royal ballet of Cambodia 6387:Zambian Makishi Festival 6363:Ugandan barkcloth making 6021:Ancient Egyptian culture 5023:Exorcism in Christianity 5008:Christian views on Hades 4916:Visitation of cemeteries 3667:(Version 1.2 ed.). 3513:. visitalbuquerque.org. 2894:"Marigolds: Mary's Gold" 2217:Día de los Muertos Index 2149:University of Utah Press 2009:Rowman & Littlefield 971:to public figures, with 636:; and beverages such as 330:under the presidency of 7924:Autumn events in Mexico 7879:Latin American folklore 7779:San Basilio de Palenque 6793:Koshikijima no Toshidon 6618:Chinese shadow puppetry 6382:Zafimaniry woodcrafting 6044:Apparitional experience 4730:. Berhahn Books, 2004. 3964:San Diego Union-Tribune 2860:"Marigold - Tagetes sp" 2041:Día de Todos los Santos 1741: 1443:Los Angeles, California 1374:Smithsonian Institution 940:in traditional rhyming 632:('bread of dead'), and 561: 230: 7676:Danza de los Voladores 7671:Dancing Devils of Yare 7293:Falles of the Pyrenees 7151:Albanian iso-polyphony 7065:Thathera utensil craft 7010:Royal Ancestral Ritual 6613:Chinese seal engraving 6598:Chinese block printing 6425:Al-Sirah Al-Hilaliyyah 5673:Procession of the dead 5418:Veneration of the Dead 4603:. Korero Books, 2011. 3573:"All Souls Procession" 2994:"Pan de Muerto Recipe" 1976:Veneration of the dead 1793:Dia dos Fiéis Defuntos 1701:Prague, Czech Republic 1652: 1592: 1429: 1330: 1314: 1259: 1237: 1228: 1218: 1197: 1191: 1014: 1009: 1006:early 20th-century hat 993: 981: 967: 946: 929: 912: 903: 890: 878: 866: 814: 798: 784: 776: 763: 757: 749: 741: 737: 723: 717: 703: 682: 650: 644: 638: 626: 620: 612: 594: 571: 555: 541: 484: 339: 257: 240: 197: 192: 50: 7666:Costa Rican oxherding 7550:The Song of the Sibyl 7453:Mystery Play of Elche 7268:Daredevils of Sassoun 6653:Durga Puja in Kolkata 6608:Chinese paper cutting 6368:Vimbuza healing dance 6128:Paranormal television 5837:locations in Scotland 5151:Christian observances 4556:Duke University Press 4376:. Expatexchange.com. 4258:. BBC. Archived from 3636:Jamaica Plain Gazette 2833:University of Florida 2213:"The Day of the Dead" 2119:. 2008. p. 273. 2083:Royal Spanish Academy 1646: 1510:San Diego, California 1421:Santa Ana, California 1358:Forest Hills Cemetery 1320: 1308: 1240:Danza de los Viejitos 1003: 989:José Guadalupe Posada 735: 672: 586:Calendula officinalis 387:José Guadalupe Posada 198:el Día de los Muertos 7884:November observances 7555:Suiti Cultural Space 7156:Ashiqs of Azerbaijan 7045:Songkran in Thailand 6950:Oku-noto no Aenokoto 6643:Dragon Boat Festival 6593:Chinese architecture 6468:Taghribat Bani Hilal 6113:Stories about ghosts 5937:District of Columbia 5407:Parade of Lost Souls 5358:Festival of the Dead 5054:Thursday of the Dead 4751:. Zone Books, 2005. 4436:. October 24, 2019. 4277:. Associated Press. 4262:on December 6, 2008. 4243:on October 24, 2007. 4183:. November 1, 2010. 4162:– via Yahoo!. 4119:. October 27, 2007. 3868:(October 28, 2006). 3842:. October 30, 2015. 3812:. October 30, 2015. 3763:on November 6, 2009. 3511:"Dia de los Muertos" 3394:. October 29, 2016. 3194:. November 2, 2018. 3164:. October 31, 2020. 3049:Kennedy, D. (2018). 2899:University of Dayton 2447:. November 3, 2017. 2414:. November 2, 2007. 2381:. November 2, 2020. 2303:"Literary Calaveras" 2273:"Dia de los Muertos" 2243:"Dia de los Muertos" 2055:. October 29, 2010. 2049:Día de (los) Muertos 1971:Thursday of the Dead 1427:, called the annual 1347:All Souls Procession 1291:Festival of the Dead 1095:improve this article 994:calaveras literarias 968:calaveras literarias 948:calaveras literarias 930:Calaveras literarias 685:Some families build 468:Observance in Mexico 318:Arqueología Mexicana 259:calaveras literarias 7894:October observances 7345:Karagöz and Hacivat 7252:Croatian lacemaking 6848:Manipuri Sankirtana 6603:Chinese calligraphy 6323:Kamablon re-roofing 6182:Kardecist spiritism 6026:Classical antiquity 5550:Category: Halloween 5335:Treehouse of Horror 5231:Prayer for the dead 5042:Related observances 5018:Communion of saints 4921:Prayer for the dead 4779:. Mexico City 1988. 4601:The Day of the Dead 4599:Cadafalch, Antoni. 4480:. Mexico City 1987. 4353:on November 4, 2010 4307:on October 23, 2008 4209:. August 22, 2017. 4181:The Guardian Weekly 4003:on November 2, 2022 3997:National Geographic 3726:Theater of the Dead 3585:on November 6, 2012 3301:"Catrina Mania III" 3030:on November 4, 2011 2279:on November 2, 2016 2117:National Geographic 1809:Día de Todos Santos 1480:. For example, the 1467:performance artists 1265:Paseo de la Reforma 1016:La Calavera Catrina 809:Hibiscus sabdariffa 699:Blessed Virgin Mary 379:La Calavera Catrina 7854:Religious holidays 7437:Mediterranean diet 7218:Carnival of Binche 7173:Azerbaijani carpet 6853:Mangal Shobhajatra 6658:Epic of King Gesar 6511:Akiu no Taue Odori 6453:Palestinian hikaye 6096:Films about ghosts 6080:Spirit photography 5262:Haunted attraction 4993:Calendar of saints 4962:For All the Saints 4941:Office of the Dead 4871:Remembrance Sunday 4747:Lomnitz, Claudio. 4687:San Antonio Report 3578:Arizona Daily Star 3450:"Galerías Archivo" 3024:"Jamaica iced tea" 2654:San Antonio Report 2543:www.jornada.com.mx 2412:www.opinion.com.bo 2307:Smithsonian Voices 2145:Pottery and People 1817:Día de Todos Almas 1783:public holiday of 1755:Día de las Ñatitas 1679:additionally burn 1653: 1498:Corazon Del Pueblo 1494:Corazon Del Pueblo 1482:Galería de la Raza 1455:Native Californian 1331: 1315: 1010: 738: 683: 559:(originally named 211:Indigenous Mexican 7909:Parades in Mexico 7859:Culture of Mexico 7831: 7830: 7827: 7826: 7716:Kallawaya culture 7646:Carnaval de Oruro 7603: 7602: 7519:Semeiskie culture 7168:Aubusson tapestry 7133: 7132: 6868:Mibu no Hana Taue 6728:Hitachi Furyumono 6633:Dainichido Bugaku 6481: 6480: 6395: 6394: 6343:Mbende Jerusarema 6230: 6229: 6004: 6003: 5663:Residual haunting 5628:Haunted locations 5618:Ancestral spirits 5557: 5556: 5450: 5449: 5427:Death anniversary 5392:Qingming Festival 5167:Trick-or-treating 5067: 5066: 5003:Christian martyrs 4931:Trick-or-treating 4772:. Princeton 1988. 4609:978-1-907621-01-7 4592:978-1-4051-5247-1 4462:Andrade, Mary J. 4150:. United States. 3875:Los Angeles Times 3722:"Day of the Dead" 3538:"Day of the Dead" 3452:. Televisa News. 3143:978-0-8135-4557-8 2726:978-0-89503-232-4 2519:on March 10, 2022 2190:978-1-60732-656-4 2158:978-0-87480-577-2 2126:978-1-4262-0336-7 2018:978-1-4985-1658-7 1956:Qingming Festival 1951:Literary Calavera 1928:bones of the dead 1869:Pre-Columbian era 1851:Andean blackberry 1677:Chinese Filipinos 1649:Filipino American 1179:Lago de Pátzcuaro 1171: 1170: 1163: 1145: 1110:"Day of the Dead" 1053:presentations of 922:trick-or-treating 827:Yucatán Peninsula 395:Francisco de Goya 193:el Día de Muertos 181: 180: 7931: 7874:Mexican folklore 7794:Taquile textiles 7691:Garifuna culture 7681:Danza de tijeras 7614: 7539:Slovácko Verbuňk 7414:Makishi Festival 7330:Houtem Jaarmarkt 7208:Cante Alentejano 7144: 6838:Longquan celadon 6723:Hayachine Kagura 6648:Drametse Ngacham 6490: 6486:Asia and Pacific 6413: 6403: 6318:Ijele Masquerade 6293:Garifuna culture 6276: 6257: 6250: 6243: 6234: 6220: 6219: 5688: 5633:Haunted highways 5584: 5577: 5570: 5561: 5552: 5547: 5546: 5419: 5359: 5353: 5274:Pumpkin festival 5112: 5103: 5094: 5087: 5080: 5071: 5028:Four last things 4998:Christian burial 4883: 4820: 4813: 4806: 4797: 4792: 4768:Nutini, Hugo G. 4723: 4637: 4596: 4575: 4538: 4521:(442): 359–380. 4509: 4472:978-0-9791624-04 4450: 4449: 4447: 4445: 4426: 4420: 4419: 4417: 4415: 4396: 4390: 4389: 4387: 4385: 4369: 4363: 4362: 4360: 4358: 4342: 4336: 4323: 4317: 4316: 4314: 4312: 4297: 4291: 4290: 4288: 4286: 4270: 4264: 4263: 4251: 4245: 4244: 4229: 4223: 4222: 4220: 4218: 4203: 4197: 4196: 4194: 4192: 4173: 4167: 4166: 4161: 4159: 4139: 4133: 4132: 4130: 4128: 4109: 4103: 4102: 4100: 4098: 4079: 4073: 4072: 4070: 4068: 4049: 4043: 4042: 4040: 4038: 4019: 4013: 4012: 4010: 4008: 3989: 3980: 3979: 3977: 3975: 3955: 3949: 3948: 3946: 3944: 3924: 3918: 3917: 3915: 3913: 3898: 3892: 3891: 3889: 3887: 3862: 3856: 3855: 3853: 3851: 3832: 3826: 3825: 3823: 3821: 3802: 3796: 3795: 3789: 3787: 3771: 3765: 3764: 3759:. 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Chicago 1987. 4713: 4627: 4593: 4578: 4541: 4512: 4483: 4459: 4457:Further reading 4454: 4453: 4443: 4441: 4428: 4427: 4423: 4413: 4411: 4398: 4397: 4393: 4383: 4381: 4371: 4370: 4366: 4356: 4354: 4344: 4343: 4339: 4333:Wayback Machine 4324: 4320: 4310: 4308: 4299: 4298: 4294: 4284: 4282: 4272: 4271: 4267: 4253: 4252: 4248: 4231: 4230: 4226: 4216: 4214: 4205: 4204: 4200: 4190: 4188: 4175: 4174: 4170: 4157: 4155: 4141: 4140: 4136: 4126: 4124: 4111: 4110: 4106: 4096: 4094: 4081: 4080: 4076: 4066: 4064: 4051: 4050: 4046: 4036: 4034: 4027:Scent of Sicily 4021: 4020: 4016: 4006: 4004: 3991: 3990: 3983: 3973: 3971: 3957: 3956: 3952: 3942: 3940: 3926: 3925: 3921: 3911: 3909: 3900: 3899: 3895: 3885: 3883: 3864: 3863: 3859: 3849: 3847: 3834: 3833: 3829: 3819: 3817: 3804: 3803: 3799: 3785: 3783: 3773: 3772: 3768: 3750: 3749: 3745: 3735: 3733: 3719: 3718: 3714: 3704: 3702: 3689: 3688: 3684: 3674: 3672: 3660: 3659: 3655: 3645: 3643: 3629: 3628: 3624: 3614: 3612: 3603: 3602: 3598: 3588: 3586: 3570: 3569: 3565: 3555: 3553: 3536:Hedding, Judy. 3535: 3534: 3530: 3520: 3518: 3509: 3508: 3504: 3494: 3492: 3474: 3473: 3469: 3459: 3457: 3448: 3447: 3443: 3433: 3431: 3416: 3415: 3411: 3401: 3399: 3386: 3385: 3381: 3371: 3369: 3360: 3359: 3355: 3345: 3343: 3329: 3328: 3324: 3314: 3312: 3298: 3297: 3293: 3283: 3281: 3267: 3266: 3262: 3252: 3250: 3236: 3235: 3224: 3215: 3211: 3201: 3199: 3186: 3185: 3181: 3171: 3169: 3156: 3155: 3151: 3144: 3131: 3130: 3115: 3105: 3103: 3087: 3086: 3082: 3072: 3070: 3063: 3048: 3047: 3043: 3033: 3031: 3022: 3021: 3017: 3007: 3005: 2991: 2990: 2986: 2976: 2974: 2964: 2963: 2954: 2944: 2942: 2935:History Channel 2931:History Stories 2924: 2923: 2919: 2909: 2907: 2891: 2890: 2886: 2876: 2874: 2869:. 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" 1554:All Saints' Day 1534: 1490:Garfield Square 1486:de Young Museum 1459:Jayne Mansfield 1418: 1408:celebrated the 1351:Tucson, Arizona 1303: 1298: 1293: 1287: 1263:parade through 1167: 1156: 1150: 1147: 1104: 1102: 1092: 1080: 1069: 934: 908: 858: 815:flor de Jamaica 799:Agua de Jamaica 721:('offerings'). 713: 695:Christian cross 679:State of Mexico 536: 535: 534: 533: 532: 521: 513: 512: 505: 490: 475: 470: 362:Lázaro Cárdenas 285:Lázaro Cárdenas 280: 185:Day of the Dead 164:Related to 147: 145: 144:2 November 2024 94: 62: 38:Day of the Dead 31: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 7937: 7935: 7927: 7926: 7921: 7916: 7911: 7906: 7901: 7896: 7891: 7886: 7881: 7876: 7871: 7866: 7861: 7856: 7851: 7846: 7836: 7835: 7829: 7828: 7825: 7824: 7822: 7821: 7819:Záparo culture 7816: 7811: 7809:Wajãpi culture 7806: 7801: 7799:Tumba francesa 7796: 7791: 7786: 7781: 7776: 7771: 7766: 7761: 7756: 7751: 7746: 7744:Peña de Bernal 7741: 7736: 7731: 7723: 7718: 7713: 7708: 7703: 7698: 7696:Gióng Festival 7693: 7688: 7683: 7678: 7673: 7668: 7663: 7658: 7653: 7648: 7643: 7638: 7633: 7628: 7623: 7617: 7611: 7605: 7604: 7601: 7600: 7598: 7597: 7592: 7587: 7582: 7580:Wajãpi culture 7577: 7572: 7570:Turkish coffee 7567: 7562: 7557: 7552: 7547: 7541: 7536: 7531: 7526: 7521: 7516: 7511: 7506: 7501: 7496: 7494:Opera dei Pupi 7491: 7486: 7481: 7480: 7479: 7476: 7466: 7461: 7456: 7449: 7444: 7439: 7434: 7429: 7424: 7419: 7416: 7411: 7402: 7397: 7392: 7387: 7382: 7377: 7372: 7367: 7362: 7357: 7352: 7347: 7342: 7337: 7332: 7327: 7322: 7317: 7312: 7309: 7304: 7299: 7294: 7291: 7286: 7281: 7276: 7271: 7264: 7259: 7254: 7249: 7244: 7235: 7230: 7225: 7220: 7215: 7213:Cantu a tenore 7210: 7205: 7200: 7195: 7190: 7187: 7182: 7181: 7180: 7170: 7165: 7164: 7163: 7153: 7147: 7141: 7135: 7134: 7131: 7130: 7128: 7127: 7122: 7117: 7112: 7107: 7102: 7097: 7092: 7090:Xi'an ensemble 7087: 7082: 7077: 7072: 7067: 7062: 7057: 7052: 7047: 7042: 7037: 7035:Sekishu-Banshi 7032: 7027: 7022: 7017: 7012: 7007: 7002: 6997: 6992: 6987: 6982: 6977: 6972: 6967: 6962: 6957: 6952: 6947: 6942: 6941: 6940: 6935: 6925: 6920: 6915: 6910: 6905: 6900: 6898:Namsadang Nori 6895: 6890: 6885: 6880: 6875: 6870: 6865: 6860: 6855: 6850: 6845: 6840: 6835: 6830: 6825: 6820: 6815: 6810: 6805: 6800: 6795: 6790: 6785: 6780: 6775: 6770: 6765: 6760: 6755: 6750: 6745: 6740: 6735: 6730: 6725: 6720: 6715: 6710: 6705: 6700: 6695: 6690: 6688:Gióng Festival 6685: 6680: 6675: 6673:Ganggangsullae 6670: 6665: 6660: 6655: 6650: 6645: 6640: 6635: 6630: 6625: 6620: 6615: 6610: 6605: 6600: 6595: 6590: 6585: 6580: 6575: 6570: 6565: 6560: 6555: 6550: 6545: 6540: 6535: 6530: 6523: 6518: 6513: 6508: 6503: 6493: 6487: 6483: 6482: 6479: 6478: 6476: 6475: 6470: 6465: 6463:Song of Sana'a 6460: 6455: 6450: 6445: 6440: 6427: 6422: 6416: 6410: 6406: 6405: 6398: 6396: 6393: 6392: 6390: 6389: 6384: 6379: 6370: 6365: 6360: 6355: 6350: 6345: 6340: 6338:Mauritian Sega 6335: 6333:Manden Charter 6330: 6325: 6320: 6315: 6310: 6305: 6300: 6295: 6290: 6285: 6279: 6273: 6269: 6268: 6262: 6260: 6259: 6252: 6245: 6237: 6228: 6227: 6225: 6224: 6213: 6210: 6209: 6207: 6206: 6201: 6196: 6191: 6189:The Ghost Club 6186: 6185: 6184: 6174: 6169: 6167:Fear of ghosts 6163: 6161: 6157: 6156: 6154: 6153: 6148: 6140: 6138: 6134: 6133: 6131: 6130: 6125: 6120: 6115: 6110: 6109: 6108: 6103: 6092: 6090: 6086: 6085: 6083: 6082: 6077: 6076: 6075: 6065: 6060: 6059: 6058: 6046: 6040: 6038: 6036:Parapsychology 6032: 6031: 6029: 6028: 6023: 6018: 6012: 6010: 6006: 6005: 6002: 6001: 5999: 5998: 5993: 5987: 5985: 5981: 5980: 5978: 5977: 5971: 5969: 5965: 5964: 5962: 5961: 5960: 5959: 5954: 5949: 5944: 5939: 5934: 5924: 5923: 5922: 5917: 5907: 5906: 5905: 5903:Ghost sickness 5900: 5892: 5891: 5890: 5882: 5876: 5874: 5870: 5869: 5867: 5866: 5861: 5856: 5855: 5854: 5846: 5845: 5844: 5839: 5828: 5826: 5822: 5821: 5819: 5818: 5813: 5812: 5811: 5801: 5796: 5791: 5790: 5789: 5784: 5774: 5773: 5772: 5767: 5757: 5755:Ghost Festival 5752: 5751: 5750: 5740: 5739: 5738: 5733: 5723: 5717: 5715: 5711: 5710: 5708: 5707: 5702:South Africa ( 5700: 5694: 5692: 5685: 5679: 5678: 5676: 5675: 5670: 5668:Vengeful ghost 5665: 5660: 5655: 5650: 5645: 5643:Haunted trains 5640: 5635: 5630: 5625: 5620: 5614: 5612: 5611:Manifestations 5608: 5607: 5604:List of ghosts 5602: 5599: 5598: 5589: 5587: 5586: 5579: 5572: 5564: 5555: 5554: 5541: 5538: 5537: 5535: 5534: 5529: 5524: 5519: 5514: 5512:Mischief Night 5509: 5504: 5499: 5494: 5492:Eid il-Burbara 5489: 5484: 5479: 5474: 5472:All Souls' Day 5469: 5464: 5458: 5456: 5452: 5451: 5448: 5447: 5445: 5444: 5439: 5434: 5429: 5423: 5421: 5413: 5412: 5410: 5409: 5404: 5402:Zhōng yuán jié 5399: 5394: 5389: 5384: 5379: 5377:Día de Muertos 5374: 5369: 5363: 5361: 5350: 5344: 5343: 5341: 5340: 5339: 5338: 5331: 5321: 5320: 5319: 5314: 5304: 5299: 5293: 5291: 5287: 5286: 5284: 5283: 5282: 5281: 5271: 5270: 5269: 5259: 5253: 5251: 5247: 5246: 5244: 5243: 5241:Pangangaluluwa 5238: 5233: 5228: 5223: 5222: 5221: 5216: 5206: 5204:Halloween Tree 5201: 5196: 5195: 5194: 5184: 5179: 5174: 5169: 5163: 5161: 5157: 5156: 5154: 5153: 5148: 5143: 5138: 5133: 5132: 5131: 5126: 5115: 5113: 5107: 5106: 5099: 5097: 5096: 5089: 5082: 5074: 5065: 5064: 5062: 5061: 5059:Blue Christmas 5056: 5051: 5045: 5043: 5039: 5038: 5036: 5035: 5030: 5025: 5020: 5015: 5010: 5005: 5000: 4995: 4989: 4987: 4983: 4982: 4980: 4979: 4974: 4969: 4964: 4958: 4956: 4952: 4951: 4949: 4948: 4946:Pangangaluluwa 4943: 4938: 4933: 4928: 4923: 4918: 4913: 4911:Votive candles 4908: 4903: 4898: 4892: 4890: 4886: 4885: 4878: 4876: 4874: 4873: 4868: 4863: 4858: 4856:All Souls' Day 4853: 4848: 4843: 4837: 4835: 4831: 4830: 4825: 4823: 4822: 4815: 4808: 4800: 4794: 4793: 4780: 4773: 4766: 4759: 4745: 4738: 4724: 4711: 4704: 4697: 4690: 4683: 4673: 4666: 4659: 4652: 4645: 4638: 4625: 4611: 4597: 4591: 4576: 4564:10.2307/483058 4539: 4527:10.2307/541045 4510: 4492:(2): 270–299. 4481: 4474: 4458: 4455: 4452: 4451: 4434:Savoring Italy 4421: 4391: 4364: 4337: 4318: 4292: 4265: 4246: 4224: 4198: 4168: 4134: 4104: 4074: 4059:(in Italian). 4057:Sicily Tourist 4044: 4014: 3981: 3950: 3919: 3893: 3857: 3827: 3797: 3782:) (in Spanish) 3766: 3743: 3712: 3682: 3653: 3622: 3596: 3563: 3528: 3502: 3467: 3441: 3409: 3379: 3353: 3322: 3291: 3260: 3222: 3209: 3179: 3149: 3142: 3113: 3080: 3061: 3041: 3015: 2984: 2952: 2917: 2884: 2851: 2814: 2758: 2732: 2725: 2702: 2671: 2640: 2605: 2569: 2560: 2530: 2495: 2462: 2429: 2396: 2357: 2324: 2290: 2264: 2234: 2200: 2189: 2167: 2157: 2151:. p. 65. 2135: 2125: 2104: 2070: 2028: 2017: 1987: 1986: 1984: 1981: 1979: 1978: 1973: 1968: 1963: 1958: 1953: 1948: 1943: 1937: 1935: 1932: 1919: 1916: 1914: 1911: 1906: 1903: 1888: 1885: 1881:guaguas de pan 1856:guaguas de pan 1828: 1825: 1821:All Souls' Day 1813:All Saints Day 1804: 1801: 1789:Dia dos Mortos 1785:Dia de Finados 1776: 1773: 1750: 1747: 1728: 1725: 1723: 1720: 1717:All Souls' Day 1712: 1709: 1705:luminous paint 1696: 1695:Czech Republic 1693: 1673:All Souls' Day 1665:Spanish Empire 1640: 1637: 1616: 1613: 1583: 1542:All Souls' Day 1533: 1530: 1502:Día de Muertos 1488:and altars at 1425:Día de Muertos 1417: 1414: 1410:Día de Muertos 1399:Día de Muertos 1323:Día de Muertos 1302: 1299: 1297: 1294: 1286: 1283: 1260:Día de Muertos 1169: 1168: 1083: 1081: 1074: 1068: 1065: 933: 926: 907: 900: 857: 852: 712: 709: 572:Flor de Muerto 550:Tagetes erecta 522: 515: 514: 506: 499: 498: 497: 496: 495: 489: 480: 474: 471: 469: 466: 462:school holiday 279: 276: 179: 178: 176:All Souls' Day 165: 161: 160: 157: 153: 152: 142: 141:Next time 138: 137: 132: 128: 127: 124: 120: 119: 116: 112: 111: 108: 104: 103: 100: 96: 95: 93: 92: 89: 85: 83: 79: 78: 68: 64: 63: 51:Día de Muertos 48: 40: 39: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7936: 7925: 7922: 7920: 7919:Allhallowtide 7917: 7915: 7912: 7910: 7907: 7905: 7902: 7900: 7897: 7895: 7892: 7890: 7887: 7885: 7882: 7880: 7877: 7875: 7872: 7870: 7867: 7865: 7862: 7860: 7857: 7855: 7852: 7850: 7847: 7845: 7842: 7841: 7839: 7820: 7817: 7815: 7812: 7810: 7807: 7805: 7802: 7800: 7797: 7795: 7792: 7790: 7787: 7785: 7782: 7780: 7777: 7775: 7774:Samba de Roda 7772: 7770: 7767: 7765: 7762: 7760: 7757: 7755: 7752: 7750: 7747: 7745: 7742: 7740: 7737: 7735: 7732: 7730: 7727: 7724: 7722: 7719: 7717: 7714: 7712: 7709: 7707: 7704: 7702: 7699: 7697: 7694: 7692: 7689: 7687: 7684: 7682: 7679: 7677: 7674: 7672: 7669: 7667: 7664: 7662: 7659: 7657: 7654: 7652: 7649: 7647: 7644: 7642: 7639: 7637: 7634: 7632: 7629: 7627: 7624: 7622: 7619: 7618: 7615: 7612: 7610:Latin America 7608:Caribbean and 7606: 7596: 7593: 7591: 7588: 7586: 7583: 7581: 7578: 7576: 7573: 7571: 7568: 7566: 7563: 7561: 7558: 7556: 7553: 7551: 7548: 7546: 7542: 7540: 7537: 7535: 7532: 7530: 7527: 7525: 7522: 7520: 7517: 7515: 7512: 7510: 7507: 7505: 7502: 7500: 7497: 7495: 7492: 7490: 7487: 7485: 7482: 7477: 7475: 7472: 7471: 7470: 7467: 7465: 7462: 7460: 7457: 7455: 7454: 7450: 7448: 7445: 7443: 7440: 7438: 7435: 7433: 7430: 7428: 7425: 7423: 7420: 7417: 7415: 7412: 7410: 7406: 7403: 7401: 7398: 7396: 7393: 7391: 7388: 7386: 7383: 7381: 7378: 7376: 7373: 7371: 7368: 7366: 7365:Kihnu culture 7363: 7361: 7358: 7356: 7353: 7351: 7348: 7346: 7343: 7341: 7338: 7336: 7335:Istrian scale 7333: 7331: 7328: 7326: 7323: 7321: 7318: 7316: 7313: 7310: 7308: 7305: 7303: 7300: 7298: 7295: 7292: 7290: 7287: 7285: 7282: 7280: 7277: 7275: 7272: 7270: 7269: 7265: 7263: 7260: 7258: 7255: 7253: 7250: 7248: 7245: 7243: 7239: 7236: 7234: 7231: 7229: 7226: 7224: 7221: 7219: 7216: 7214: 7211: 7209: 7206: 7204: 7201: 7199: 7196: 7194: 7191: 7188: 7186: 7183: 7179: 7176: 7175: 7174: 7171: 7169: 7166: 7162: 7159: 7158: 7157: 7154: 7152: 7149: 7148: 7145: 7142: 7140:North America 7136: 7126: 7123: 7121: 7118: 7116: 7113: 7111: 7108: 7106: 7103: 7101: 7098: 7096: 7093: 7091: 7088: 7086: 7083: 7081: 7078: 7076: 7073: 7071: 7068: 7066: 7063: 7061: 7058: 7056: 7053: 7051: 7048: 7046: 7043: 7041: 7038: 7036: 7033: 7031: 7028: 7026: 7023: 7021: 7018: 7016: 7015:Sada Shin Noh 7013: 7011: 7008: 7006: 7003: 7001: 6998: 6996: 6993: 6991: 6988: 6986: 6983: 6981: 6978: 6976: 6973: 6971: 6968: 6966: 6963: 6961: 6958: 6956: 6953: 6951: 6948: 6946: 6943: 6939: 6936: 6934: 6931: 6930: 6929: 6926: 6924: 6921: 6919: 6916: 6914: 6911: 6909: 6906: 6904: 6901: 6899: 6896: 6894: 6891: 6889: 6886: 6884: 6881: 6879: 6876: 6874: 6871: 6869: 6866: 6864: 6861: 6859: 6856: 6854: 6851: 6849: 6846: 6844: 6841: 6839: 6836: 6834: 6831: 6829: 6826: 6824: 6821: 6819: 6816: 6814: 6811: 6809: 6806: 6804: 6801: 6799: 6796: 6794: 6791: 6789: 6786: 6784: 6781: 6779: 6776: 6774: 6771: 6769: 6766: 6764: 6761: 6759: 6756: 6754: 6751: 6749: 6746: 6744: 6741: 6739: 6738:Hudhud Chants 6736: 6734: 6731: 6729: 6726: 6724: 6721: 6719: 6716: 6714: 6711: 6709: 6706: 6704: 6701: 6699: 6696: 6694: 6691: 6689: 6686: 6684: 6681: 6679: 6676: 6674: 6671: 6669: 6666: 6664: 6661: 6659: 6656: 6654: 6651: 6649: 6646: 6644: 6641: 6639: 6638:Darangen Epic 6636: 6634: 6631: 6629: 6626: 6624: 6621: 6619: 6616: 6614: 6611: 6609: 6606: 6604: 6601: 6599: 6596: 6594: 6591: 6589: 6586: 6584: 6581: 6579: 6576: 6574: 6571: 6569: 6566: 6564: 6561: 6559: 6556: 6554: 6551: 6549: 6548:Beijing opera 6546: 6544: 6541: 6539: 6536: 6534: 6533:Bakhshi music 6531: 6528: 6524: 6522: 6519: 6517: 6514: 6512: 6509: 6507: 6504: 6502: 6498: 6495: 6494: 6491: 6488: 6484: 6474: 6471: 6469: 6466: 6464: 6461: 6459: 6456: 6454: 6451: 6449: 6448:Jemaa el-Fnaa 6446: 6444: 6441: 6439: 6435: 6431: 6428: 6426: 6423: 6421: 6418: 6417: 6414: 6411: 6407: 6402: 6388: 6385: 6383: 6380: 6378: 6374: 6371: 6369: 6366: 6364: 6361: 6359: 6356: 6354: 6351: 6349: 6346: 6344: 6341: 6339: 6336: 6334: 6331: 6329: 6326: 6324: 6321: 6319: 6316: 6314: 6311: 6309: 6306: 6304: 6301: 6299: 6296: 6294: 6291: 6289: 6288:Chopi timbila 6286: 6284: 6281: 6280: 6277: 6274: 6270: 6265: 6258: 6253: 6251: 6246: 6244: 6239: 6238: 6235: 6223: 6215: 6214: 6211: 6205: 6202: 6200: 6197: 6195: 6192: 6190: 6187: 6183: 6180: 6179: 6178: 6175: 6173: 6172:Spectrophilia 6170: 6168: 6165: 6164: 6162: 6158: 6152: 6149: 6147: 6146: 6142: 6141: 6139: 6135: 6129: 6126: 6124: 6121: 6119: 6116: 6114: 6111: 6107: 6104: 6102: 6099: 6098: 6097: 6094: 6093: 6091: 6087: 6081: 6078: 6074: 6071: 6070: 6069: 6066: 6064: 6063:Ghost hunting 6061: 6057: 6056: 6052: 6051: 6050: 6047: 6045: 6042: 6041: 6039: 6037: 6033: 6027: 6024: 6022: 6019: 6017: 6014: 6013: 6011: 6007: 5997: 5994: 5992: 5989: 5988: 5986: 5982: 5976: 5973: 5972: 5970: 5968:South America 5966: 5958: 5957:San Francisco 5955: 5953: 5950: 5948: 5945: 5943: 5940: 5938: 5935: 5933: 5930: 5929: 5928: 5927:United States 5925: 5921: 5918: 5916: 5913: 5912: 5911: 5908: 5904: 5901: 5899: 5896: 5895: 5893: 5889: 5886: 5885: 5883: 5881: 5878: 5877: 5875: 5873:North America 5871: 5865: 5862: 5860: 5857: 5853: 5850: 5849: 5847: 5843: 5840: 5838: 5835: 5834: 5833: 5830: 5829: 5827: 5823: 5817: 5814: 5810: 5807: 5806: 5805: 5802: 5800: 5797: 5795: 5792: 5788: 5785: 5783: 5780: 5779: 5778: 5775: 5771: 5768: 5766: 5763: 5762: 5761: 5758: 5756: 5753: 5749: 5746: 5745: 5744: 5741: 5737: 5734: 5732: 5729: 5728: 5727: 5724: 5722: 5719: 5718: 5716: 5712: 5705: 5701: 5699: 5698:Madam Koi Koi 5696: 5695: 5693: 5689: 5686: 5680: 5674: 5671: 5669: 5666: 5664: 5661: 5659: 5656: 5654: 5651: 5649: 5648:Haunted ships 5646: 5644: 5641: 5639: 5638:Haunted house 5636: 5634: 5631: 5629: 5626: 5624: 5621: 5619: 5616: 5615: 5613: 5609: 5605: 5600: 5596: 5592: 5585: 5580: 5578: 5573: 5571: 5566: 5565: 5562: 5551: 5539: 5533: 5530: 5528: 5525: 5523: 5522:Old Halloween 5520: 5518: 5515: 5513: 5510: 5508: 5505: 5503: 5500: 5498: 5495: 5493: 5490: 5488: 5485: 5483: 5482:Devil's Night 5480: 5478: 5477:Beggars Night 5475: 5473: 5470: 5468: 5465: 5463: 5460: 5459: 5457: 5453: 5443: 5440: 5438: 5435: 5433: 5432:Death customs 5430: 5428: 5425: 5424: 5422: 5420: 5414: 5408: 5405: 5403: 5400: 5398: 5395: 5393: 5390: 5388: 5385: 5383: 5380: 5378: 5375: 5373: 5370: 5368: 5365: 5364: 5362: 5360: 5354: 5351: 5345: 5337: 5336: 5332: 5330: 5329:Great Pumpkin 5327: 5326: 5325: 5322: 5318: 5315: 5313: 5310: 5309: 5308: 5305: 5303: 5300: 5298: 5295: 5294: 5292: 5288: 5280: 5279:Pumpkin Queen 5277: 5276: 5275: 5272: 5268: 5265: 5264: 5263: 5260: 5258: 5255: 5254: 5252: 5248: 5242: 5239: 5237: 5234: 5232: 5229: 5227: 5224: 5220: 5217: 5215: 5212: 5211: 5210: 5207: 5205: 5202: 5200: 5197: 5193: 5190: 5189: 5188: 5185: 5183: 5180: 5178: 5177:Apple bobbing 5175: 5173: 5170: 5168: 5165: 5164: 5162: 5158: 5152: 5149: 5147: 5144: 5142: 5139: 5137: 5134: 5130: 5129:Allhallowtide 5127: 5125: 5122: 5121: 5120: 5117: 5116: 5114: 5108: 5104: 5095: 5090: 5088: 5083: 5081: 5076: 5075: 5072: 5060: 5057: 5055: 5052: 5050: 5047: 5046: 5044: 5040: 5034: 5031: 5029: 5026: 5024: 5021: 5019: 5016: 5014: 5011: 5009: 5006: 5004: 5001: 4999: 4996: 4994: 4991: 4990: 4988: 4984: 4978: 4975: 4973: 4970: 4968: 4965: 4963: 4960: 4959: 4957: 4953: 4947: 4944: 4942: 4939: 4937: 4934: 4932: 4929: 4927: 4924: 4922: 4919: 4917: 4914: 4912: 4909: 4907: 4904: 4902: 4899: 4897: 4894: 4893: 4891: 4887: 4882: 4872: 4869: 4867: 4864: 4862: 4859: 4857: 4854: 4852: 4849: 4847: 4844: 4842: 4841:Allhallowtide 4839: 4838: 4836: 4832: 4828: 4827:Allhallowtide 4821: 4816: 4814: 4809: 4807: 4802: 4801: 4798: 4790: 4786: 4781: 4778: 4774: 4771: 4767: 4764: 4760: 4758: 4757:1-890951-53-6 4754: 4750: 4746: 4743: 4739: 4737: 4736:1-84545-083-3 4733: 4729: 4725: 4721: 4717: 4716:U.S. Catholic 4712: 4710:, October 30. 4709: 4705: 4703:, November 1. 4702: 4698: 4696:, November 2. 4695: 4691: 4689:, November 1, 4688: 4684: 4682: 4678: 4674: 4672:, November 2. 4671: 4667: 4665:, November 2. 4664: 4660: 4658:, October 31. 4657: 4653: 4650: 4646: 4643: 4639: 4635: 4631: 4630:U.S. Catholic 4626: 4624: 4623:0-7141-2503-2 4620: 4616: 4612: 4610: 4606: 4602: 4598: 4594: 4588: 4584: 4583: 4577: 4573: 4569: 4565: 4561: 4557: 4553: 4549: 4545: 4540: 4536: 4532: 4528: 4524: 4520: 4516: 4511: 4507: 4503: 4499: 4495: 4491: 4487: 4482: 4479: 4475: 4473: 4469: 4465: 4461: 4460: 4456: 4439: 4435: 4431: 4425: 4422: 4409: 4405: 4401: 4395: 4392: 4379: 4375: 4368: 4365: 4352: 4348: 4341: 4338: 4334: 4330: 4327: 4322: 4319: 4306: 4302: 4296: 4293: 4280: 4276: 4269: 4266: 4261: 4257: 4256:"Las Natitas" 4250: 4247: 4242: 4238: 4234: 4228: 4225: 4212: 4208: 4202: 4199: 4186: 4182: 4178: 4172: 4169: 4165: 4158:September 22, 4153: 4149: 4145: 4138: 4135: 4122: 4118: 4114: 4108: 4105: 4092: 4088: 4084: 4078: 4075: 4062: 4058: 4054: 4048: 4045: 4032: 4028: 4024: 4018: 4015: 4002: 3998: 3994: 3988: 3986: 3982: 3969: 3965: 3961: 3954: 3951: 3938: 3934: 3930: 3923: 3920: 3907: 3903: 3897: 3894: 3881: 3877: 3876: 3871: 3867: 3866:Quinones, Sam 3861: 3858: 3845: 3841: 3837: 3831: 3828: 3815: 3811: 3807: 3801: 3798: 3793: 3781: 3777: 3770: 3767: 3762: 3758: 3754: 3747: 3744: 3731: 3727: 3723: 3716: 3713: 3700: 3696: 3692: 3686: 3683: 3670: 3666: 3665: 3657: 3654: 3641: 3637: 3633: 3626: 3623: 3610: 3606: 3600: 3597: 3584: 3580: 3579: 3574: 3567: 3564: 3551: 3547: 3543: 3539: 3532: 3529: 3516: 3512: 3506: 3503: 3490: 3486: 3482: 3478: 3475:Wise, Danno. 3471: 3468: 3455: 3451: 3445: 3442: 3429: 3425: 3424: 3419: 3413: 3410: 3397: 3393: 3389: 3383: 3380: 3367: 3363: 3357: 3354: 3341: 3337: 3333: 3326: 3323: 3310: 3306: 3302: 3295: 3292: 3279: 3275: 3271: 3264: 3261: 3248: 3244: 3240: 3233: 3231: 3229: 3227: 3223: 3219: 3213: 3210: 3197: 3193: 3189: 3183: 3180: 3172:September 29, 3167: 3163: 3159: 3153: 3150: 3145: 3139: 3135: 3128: 3126: 3124: 3122: 3120: 3118: 3114: 3101: 3097: 3093: 3092: 3084: 3081: 3068: 3064: 3062:9786071656636 3058: 3054: 3053: 3045: 3042: 3029: 3025: 3019: 3016: 3003: 2999: 2995: 2988: 2985: 2972: 2968: 2961: 2959: 2957: 2953: 2940: 2936: 2932: 2928: 2921: 2918: 2905: 2901: 2900: 2895: 2888: 2885: 2872: 2868: 2866: 2861: 2855: 2852: 2839: 2835: 2834: 2830: 2825: 2818: 2815: 2810: 2806: 2802: 2798: 2794: 2790: 2786: 2782: 2778: 2774: 2767: 2765: 2763: 2759: 2746: 2742: 2736: 2733: 2728: 2722: 2718: 2711: 2709: 2707: 2703: 2690: 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1912: 1910: 1904: 1902: 1900: 1899: 1893: 1886: 1884: 1882: 1878: 1877:colada morada 1874: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1857: 1852: 1848: 1847: 1846:colada morada 1842: 1838: 1834: 1826: 1824: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1802: 1800: 1798: 1794: 1790: 1786: 1782: 1774: 1772: 1769: 1768:pre-Columbian 1765: 1761: 1757: 1748: 1746: 1743: 1738: 1734: 1726: 1721: 1718: 1710: 1708: 1706: 1702: 1694: 1692: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1650: 1645: 1638: 1636: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1614: 1612: 1608: 1606: 1602: 1598: 1588: 1582: 1577: 1575: 1570: 1567: 1563: 1559: 1555: 1551: 1546: 1543: 1539: 1531: 1529: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1506: 1503: 1499: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1478:San Francisco 1474: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1463:Johnny Ramone 1460: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1438: 1436: 1431: 1426: 1422: 1415: 1413: 1411: 1407: 1404:In 2021, the 1402: 1400: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1370: 1367: 1366:Jamaica Plain 1363: 1359: 1354: 1352: 1348: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1328: 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6458:Shashmaqam 6358:Sosso Bala 6073:Mediumship 5991:Polynesian 5932:California 5884:Caribbean 5816:Vietnamese 5497:Hop-tu-Naa 5324:Television 5267:Hell house 5160:Traditions 5141:Activities 4936:Hell house 4889:Traditions 4765:145 (1971) 4384:August 13, 4127:August 13, 3372:August 29, 2998:Epicurious 2779:(2): 275. 2751:August 29, 2539:"09an1esp" 1983:References 1892:Guatemalan 1803:Costa Rica 1715:See also: 1685:joss paper 1651:household. 1633:Wellington 1471:pranksters 1416:California 1339:New Mexico 1289:See also: 1249:James Bond 1210:Cuernavaca 1187:godparents 1121:newspapers 1051:Theatrical 913:calaverita 904:Calaverita 894:, a sweet 848:kool sauce 802:(water of 525:alfeñiques 410:tzompantli 347:Hispanismo 301:syncretism 148:2024-11-02 135:November 2 126:November 2 118:November 1 56:Milpa Alta 7804:Vallenato 7739:Parachico 7706:Huaconada 7701:Harakmbut 7590:Za križen 7370:Kırkpınar 7350:Kelaghayi 7198:Busójárás 7055:Taekkyeon 7030:Sbek Toch 6945:Nuad Thai 6803:Kumiodori 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