17:
162:. His assistant Plácido Benavides would become the second alcalde, and his son Silvestre De León was the third. When José María Jesús Carbajal platted the town, De León named the main street Calle de los Diez Amigos (Street of Ten Friends), after the ten leading citizens entrusted with leadership of the community. The ten friends were:
146:
appointed her son, Fernando De León, as the first commissioner and colonization manager of De León's Colony. Plácido
Benavides became De Leon's secretary. The settlement provided for a living for Catholic priests and land for a school. Benavides built a house fortress, fortified with first-floor gun
267:
in 1833, during an epidemic that swept towns along many of North
America's waterways. Upon his death, the estimated wealth of his colony was $ 1 million. The government authorized his son Fernando De León to assume his father's position as empresario. More than one hundred titles were given in the
133:
rivers, in the vicinity of Coleto, Garcitas, Arenosa, and
Zorillo (Placido) creeks. Under the contract, each settler received a town lot, plus one league (4,228 acres) of grazing land and one labor (177 acres) of arable land. It was the only colony in Texas settled predominately by Mexicans, as
52:
was the center of the colony. Attracting new settlers to this area was part of an effort by the
Mexican government to develop Coahuila y Tejas, which was sparsely populated. De León was one of several empresarios who were granted colonization contracts by the Mexican government. Others were
243:
on April 15, 1825. The new government had not yet received notification of where De León had established his grant's settlement of
Guadalupe Victoria, and included that area in DeWitt's contract. On October 6, 1825, the Coahuila y Tejas government settled the dispute in favor of De León.
254:
In 1829 De León was authorized by the
Coahuila y Tejas government to bring an additional 150 families to the colony. His contract expired in 1831, and the government denied him an extension. In May 1832, the government ruled in favor of De León's colonists settling on DeWitt's land.
134:
opposed to colonists who immigrated from outside Mexico. De León was to receive five leagues (22,140-acres) upon the settlement of the forty-one families. De León located his ranch along
Garcitas Creek.
247:
But competitive conflicts broke out between De León and Dewitt, with an
October 26, 1826 incident that resulted in De León and his son-in-law Rafael Manchola arresting DeWitt. American
863:
945:
920:
77:. Of these, only De León and Austin successfully established colonies. Upon De León's death in 1833, his colony's value was estimated at $ 1 million.
125:
enactment on
October 4, the provisional Mexican government approved a contract allowing De León to settle forty-one Mexican families on the lower
700:
158:, who had just become the first president of Mexico, and the Guadalupe River. Empresario Martín De León was appointed as the settlement's first
935:
845:
42:. It was the only ethnically Mexican colony founded during the Mexican period (1824-1835) that is located within the present-day U.S. state of
940:
667:
615:
563:
142:
Patricia de la Garza De León invested $ 9,800 from her inheritance into the colony, plus another $ 300 valuation of cows, horses, and mules.
868:
190:
457:
385:
930:
90:
876:
693:
122:
98:
925:
752:
102:
126:
295:. Martín De León and Stephen F. Austin were the only empresarios who completely fulfilled their contracts.
915:
686:
32:
819:
757:
377:
292:
74:
809:
783:
732:
195:
180:
86:
39:
804:
532:
174:
788:
778:
773:
155:
147:
slits and a reinforced door. It was known as "Plácido's Round House" and the "Round Top House".
814:
727:
663:
611:
559:
453:
381:
288:
272:
248:
70:
54:
840:
824:
236:
143:
28:
632:
580:
506:
479:
401:
339:
312:
121:
in 1821, colonization possibilities looked more favorable. On April 13, 1824, prior to the
284:
200:
66:
49:
747:
365:
16:
909:
742:
709:
373:
280:
94:
62:
737:
276:
271:
Other empresarios granted colonization contracts under the
Mexican government were
240:
130:
58:
428:
101:. In both 1807 and 1809, Martín de León petitioned the Spanish government in the
718:
434:
36:
891:
878:
264:
159:
114:
105:
for permission to colonize in this area. Both petitions were denied.
251:, another empresario in Texas, was called on to resolve the issues.
118:
43:
678:
682:
864:
Wikisource:Cook v. Burnley (78 U.S. 659)/Opinion of the Court
165:
473:
471:
469:
833:
797:
766:
716:
662:. University of Nebraska Press. pp. 356, 357.
239:state government granted an empresario contract to
448:Acosta, Teresa Palomo; Winegarten, Ruthe (2003).
869:Wikisource:White v. Burnley/Opinion of the Court
452:. University of Texas Press}. pp. 20–24.
694:
8:
556:Lone Star: A History Of Texas And The Texans
701:
687:
679:
610:. University of Texas Press. p. 117.
433:. L.E. Daniell. p. 120 – via
27:was established in 1824 in the northern
20:1873. Bird's Eye View of Victoria, Texas
15:
303:
370:The Spanish Frontier in North America
150:The settlement was originally named "
7:
946:Populated places established in 1824
639:. Texas State Historical Association
587:. Texas State Historical Association
558:. Da Capo Press. pp. 147, 148.
513:. Texas State Historical Association
486:. Texas State Historical Association
408:. Texas State Historical Association
346:. Texas State Historical Association
319:. Texas State Historical Association
152:Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe Victoria
81:Petitions to the Spanish government
430:History of Texas from 1685 to 1892
212:Julian de la Garza, brother-in-law
14:
450:Las Tejanas: 300 Years of History
372:, Yale Western Americana Series,
921:Former populated places in Texas
660:Encyclopedia of the Great Plains
109:Petition to Mexican government
93:established a cattle ranch in
1:
936:1824 establishments in Mexico
117:gained its independence from
97:, in the area of present-day
941:1824 establishments in Texas
606:Poyo, Gerald Eugene (1996).
91:Patricia de la Garza De León
123:1824 Constitution of Mexico
962:
846:Governors of Mexican Texas
658:Wishart, David J. (2004).
533:"Calle De Los Diez Amigos"
427:Brown, John Henry (1892).
235:A conflict arose when the
231:Conflict with Green DeWitt
99:San Patricio County, Texas
608:Tejano Journey, 1770–1850
554:Fehrenbach, T. R (2000).
191:José María Jesús Carbajal
637:Handbook of Texas Online
585:Handbook of Texas Online
511:Handbook of Texas Online
507:"TSHA-Plácido Benavides"
484:Handbook of Texas Online
406:Handbook of Texas Online
344:Handbook of Texas Online
317:Handbook of Texas Online
103:Viceroyalty of New Spain
263:Martín De León died of
138:Establishing the colony
931:Victoria County, Texas
841:Coahuila y Tejas state
313:"Patricia de la Garza"
33:First Mexican Republic
21:
820:Battle of Nacogdoches
767:Political conventions
758:Sterling C. Robertson
535:. Wallace L. McKeehan
378:Yale University Press
293:Sterling C. Robertson
268:colony by July 1835.
75:Sterling C. Robertson
19:
810:Anahuac Disturbances
892:28.6082°N 96.9891°W
888: /
805:Fredonian Rebellion
784:Consultation (1835)
789:Convention of 1836
779:Convention of 1833
774:Convention of 1832
633:"Fernando De León"
480:"De León's Colony"
156:Guadalupe Victoria
22:
897:28.6082; -96.9891
854:
853:
815:Battle of Velasco
728:Stephen F. Austin
669:978-0-8032-4787-1
617:978-0-292-76570-2
581:"DeWitt's Colony"
565:978-0-306-80942-2
289:Lorenzo de Zavala
273:Stephen F. Austin
249:Stephen F. Austin
227:
226:
196:Plácido Benavides
181:Silvestre De León
71:Lorenzo de Zavala
55:Stephen F. Austin
953:
903:
902:
900:
899:
898:
893:
889:
886:
885:
884:
881:
825:Texas Revolution
703:
696:
689:
680:
674:
673:
655:
649:
648:
646:
644:
631:Roell, Craig H.
628:
622:
621:
603:
597:
596:
594:
592:
579:Roell, Craig H.
576:
570:
569:
551:
545:
544:
542:
540:
529:
523:
522:
520:
518:
505:Roell, Craig H.
502:
496:
495:
493:
491:
478:Roell, Craig H.
475:
464:
463:
445:
439:
438:
424:
418:
417:
415:
413:
402:"Garcitas Creek"
400:Roell, Craig H.
397:
391:
390:
362:
356:
355:
353:
351:
340:"Martín de León"
338:Roell, Craig H.
335:
329:
328:
326:
324:
311:Stewart, Paula.
308:
237:Coahuila y Tejas
215:Valentino Garcia
175:Fernando De León
166:
144:Coahuila y Tejas
29:Coahuila y Tejas
25:De León's Colony
961:
960:
956:
955:
954:
952:
951:
950:
926:Victoria, Texas
906:
905:
896:
894:
890:
887:
882:
879:
877:
875:
874:
860:
855:
850:
829:
798:Armed conflicts
793:
762:
712:
707:
677:
670:
657:
656:
652:
642:
640:
630:
629:
625:
618:
605:
604:
600:
590:
588:
578:
577:
573:
566:
553:
552:
548:
538:
536:
531:
530:
526:
516:
514:
504:
503:
499:
489:
487:
477:
476:
467:
460:
447:
446:
442:
426:
425:
421:
411:
409:
399:
398:
394:
388:
380:, p. 300,
366:Weber, David J.
364:
363:
359:
349:
347:
337:
336:
332:
322:
320:
310:
309:
305:
301:
285:David G. Burnet
261:
233:
228:
218:Pedro Gellardro
201:Rafael Manchola
140:
111:
83:
67:David G. Burnet
12:
11:
5:
959:
957:
949:
948:
943:
938:
933:
928:
923:
918:
908:
907:
872:
871:
866:
859:
858:External links
856:
852:
851:
849:
848:
843:
837:
835:
831:
830:
828:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
801:
799:
795:
794:
792:
791:
786:
781:
776:
770:
768:
764:
763:
761:
760:
755:
750:
748:James Hewetson
745:
740:
735:
733:Martín De León
730:
724:
722:
714:
713:
708:
706:
705:
698:
691:
683:
676:
675:
668:
650:
623:
616:
598:
571:
564:
546:
524:
497:
465:
458:
440:
419:
392:
386:
357:
330:
302:
300:
297:
260:
257:
232:
229:
225:
224:
220:
219:
216:
213:
210:
209:Leónardo Manso
205:
204:
203:
198:
193:
186:
185:
184:
178:
172:
171:Martín De León
164:
154:" in honor of
139:
136:
110:
107:
87:Martín De León
82:
79:
40:Martín De León
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
958:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
916:Mexican Texas
914:
913:
911:
904:
901:
870:
867:
865:
862:
861:
857:
847:
844:
842:
839:
838:
836:
832:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
806:
803:
802:
800:
796:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
771:
769:
765:
759:
756:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
743:Haden Edwards
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
725:
723:
721:
720:
715:
711:
710:Mexican Texas
704:
699:
697:
692:
690:
685:
684:
681:
671:
665:
661:
654:
651:
638:
634:
627:
624:
619:
613:
609:
602:
599:
586:
582:
575:
572:
567:
561:
557:
550:
547:
534:
528:
525:
512:
508:
501:
498:
485:
481:
474:
472:
470:
466:
461:
459:0-292-70527-1
455:
451:
444:
441:
436:
432:
431:
423:
420:
407:
403:
396:
393:
389:
387:0-300-05198-0
383:
379:
375:
374:New Haven, CT
371:
367:
361:
358:
345:
341:
334:
331:
318:
314:
307:
304:
298:
296:
294:
290:
286:
282:
281:Haden Edwards
278:
274:
269:
266:
258:
256:
252:
250:
245:
242:
238:
230:
223:
217:
214:
211:
208:
207:
206:
202:
199:
197:
194:
192:
189:
188:
187:
182:
179:
176:
173:
170:
169:
168:
167:
163:
161:
157:
153:
148:
145:
137:
135:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
108:
106:
104:
100:
96:
95:Spanish Texas
92:
89:and his wife
88:
80:
78:
76:
72:
68:
64:
63:Haden Edwards
60:
56:
51:
47:
45:
41:
38:
34:
31:state of the
30:
26:
18:
873:
738:Green DeWitt
717:
659:
653:
641:. Retrieved
636:
626:
607:
601:
589:. Retrieved
584:
574:
555:
549:
537:. Retrieved
527:
515:. Retrieved
510:
500:
488:. Retrieved
483:
449:
443:
429:
422:
410:. Retrieved
405:
395:
369:
360:
348:. Retrieved
343:
333:
321:. Retrieved
316:
306:
277:Green DeWitt
270:
262:
253:
246:
241:Green DeWitt
234:
221:
151:
149:
141:
112:
84:
59:Green DeWitt
48:
24:
23:
895: /
753:James Power
719:Empresarios
910:Categories
883:96°59′21″W
880:28°36′30″N
435:HathiTrust
299:References
37:empresario
127:Guadalupe
85:In 1799,
834:See also
643:21 March
591:21 March
539:20 March
517:21 March
490:21 March
412:21 March
368:(1992),
350:21 March
323:21 March
50:Victoria
265:cholera
183:, a son
177:, a son
160:alcalde
666:
614:
562:
456:
384:
259:Legacy
222:
131:Lavaca
115:Mexico
113:After
119:Spain
44:Texas
35:, by
664:ISBN
645:2011
612:ISBN
593:2011
560:ISBN
541:2011
519:2011
492:2011
454:ISBN
414:2011
382:ISBN
352:2011
325:2011
291:and
129:and
73:and
912::
635:.
583:.
509:.
482:.
468:^
404:.
376::
342:.
315:.
287:,
283:,
279:,
275:,
69:,
65:,
61:,
57:,
46:.
702:e
695:t
688:v
672:.
647:.
620:.
595:.
568:.
543:.
521:.
494:.
462:.
437:.
416:.
354:.
327:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
