520:
418:
considered as territories sufficient for statehood. The term "permanent population" defines the community that has the intention to inhabit the territory permanently and is capable to support the superstructure of the State, though there is no requirement of a minimum population. The government must be capable of exercising effective control over a territory and population (the requirement known in legal theory as "effective control test") and guarantee the protection of basic human rights by legal methods and policies. The "capacity to enter into relations with other states" reflects the entity's degree of independence.
480:
on which it operated, and it has not accepted the allegation that the "TRNC" courts as a whole lacked independence and/or impartiality". On 3 February 2017, The United
Kingdom's High Court stated "There was no duty in the United Kingdom law upon the Government to refrain from recognizing Northern Cyprus. The United Nations itself works with Northern Cyprus law enforcement agencies and facilitates co-operation between the two parts of the island". and revealed that the co-operation between the United Kingdom police and law agencies in Northern Cyprus is legal.
693:
which states do not have (though their territories have a spatial position, states are distinct from their territories), and abstract objects have a position in neither time nor space, which does not fit the supposed characteristics of states either, since states do have a temporal position (they can be created at certain times and then become extinct at a future time). Therefore, it has been argued that states belong to a third category, the quasi-abstract, that has recently begun to garner philosophical attention, especially in the area of
761:
747:
250:, and the charters of regional international organizations express the view that all states are juridically equal and enjoy the same rights and duties based upon the mere fact of their existence as persons under international law. The right of nations to determine their own political status and exercise permanent sovereignty within the limits of their territorial jurisdictions is widely recognized.
105:
1862:
697:, an ontological theory that seeks to understand the role of documents in understanding all of social reality. Quasi-abstract objects, such as states, can be brought into being through document acts, and can also be used to manipulate them, such as by binding them by treaty or surrendering them as the result of a war.
178:
the international system of special internal and external security and legitimization of the dilemma. Recently, the concept of the international community has been formed to refer to a group of States that have established rules, procedures and institutions for the implementation of relations. Thus, the foundation for
211:
Sovereignty is a term that is frequently misused. Up until the 19th century, the radicalised concept of a "standard of civilization" was routinely deployed to determine that certain people in the world were "uncivilized", and lacking organised societies. That position was reflected and constituted in
177:
includes more than 200 sovereign states, most of which are represented in the United
Nations. These states exist in a system of international relations, where each state takes into account the policies of other states by making its own calculations. From this point of view, States are integrated into
960:
on Rights and Duties of States, 1 lays down the most widely accepted formulation of the criteria of statehood in international law. It note that the state as an international person should possess the following qualifications: '(a) a permanent population; (b) a defined territory; (c) government; and
474:
decided that "notwithstanding the lack of international recognition of the regime in the northern area, a de facto recognition of its acts may be rendered necessary for practical purposes. Thus the adoption by the authorities of the "TRNC" of civil, administrative or criminal law measures, and their
448:
State practice relating to the recognition of states typically falls somewhere between the declaratory and constitutive approaches. International law does not require a state to recognise other states. Recognition is often withheld when a new state is seen as illegitimate or has come about in breach
409:
if it meets the following criteria: 1) a defined territory; 2) a permanent population; 3) a government and 4) a capacity to enter into relations with other states. According to declarative theory, an entity's statehood is independent of its recognition by other states, as long as the sovereignty was
479:
purportedly operates as a democratic republic with a president, prime minister, legislature and judiciary". On 2 September 2015, ECtHR decided that "...the court system set up in the "TRNC" was to be considered to have been "established by law" with reference to the "constitutional and legal basis"
373:
One of the major criticisms of this law is the confusion caused when some states recognise a new entity, but other states do not. Hersch
Lauterpacht, one of the theory's main proponents, suggested that a state must grant recognition as a possible solution. However, a state may use any criteria when
257:
Named after the 1648 Treaty of
Westphalia, the Westphalian System of state sovereignty, according to Bryan Turner, "made a more or less clear separation between religion and state, and recognized the right of princes "to confessionalize" the state, that is, to determine the religious affiliation of
700:
Scholars in international relations can be broken up into two different practices, realists and pluralists, of what they believe the ontological state of the state is. Realists believe that the world is one of only states and interstate relations and the identity of the state is defined before any
216:
said, "There exists perhaps no conception the meaning of which is more controversial than that of sovereignty. It is an indisputable fact that this conception, from the moment when it was introduced into political science until the present day, has never had a meaning, which was universally agreed
692:
It has been argued that one potential reason as to why the existence of states has been controversial is because states do not have a place in the traditional
Platonist duality of the concrete and the abstract. Characteristically, concrete objects are those that have a position in time and space,
671:
Generally speaking, states are durable entities, though they can become extinguished, either through voluntary means or outside forces, such as military conquest. Violent state abolition has virtually ceased since the end of World War II. Because states are non-physical juridical entities, it has
356:
of international law if, and only if, it is recognised as sovereign by at least one other state. This theory of recognition was developed in the 19th century. Under it, a state was sovereign if another sovereign state recognised it as such. Because of this, new states could not immediately become
323:
State recognition signifies the decision of a sovereign state to treat another entity as also being a sovereign state. Recognition can be either expressed or implied and is usually retroactive in its effects. It does not necessarily signify a desire to establish or maintain diplomatic relations.
417:
A "territory" in the international law context consists of land territory, internal waters, territorial sea, and air space above the territory. There is no requirement on strictly delimited borders or minimum size of the land, but artificial installations and uninhabitable territories cannot be
650:
due to having a political system in which the sovereignty of the state was subject to limitations both internal (West
Germany's federal system and the role of civil society) and external (membership in the European Community and reliance on its alliance with the United States and NATO for its
725:
Since the end of World War II, the number of sovereign states in the international system has surged. Some research suggests that the existence of international and regional organisations, the greater availability of economic aid, and greater acceptance of the norm of self-determination have
629:
Sovereignty is most commonly conceptualised as something categorical, which is either present or absent, and the coherence of any intermediate position in that binary has been questioned, especially in the context of international law. In spite of this, some authors admit the concept of a
299:
wrote that the "perfect equality and absolute independence of sovereigns" has created a class of cases where "every sovereign is understood to waive the exercise of a part of that complete exclusive territorial jurisdiction, which has been stated to be the attribute of every nation".
2100:"Opinion stating the reasons for the Court's Order of September 30, 2014 granting both the TRNC's and the HSBC defendants' motions to dismiss, denying the plaintiffs' motion for leave to amend, and dismissing this action with prejudice for Toumazou et al v. Republic of Turkey et al"
734:
that the increase in the number of states can partly be credited to a more peaceful world, greater free trade and international economic integration, democratisation, and the presence of international organisations that co-ordinate economic and political policies.
253:
In political science, sovereignty is usually defined as the most essential attribute of the state in the form of its complete self-sufficiency in the frames of a certain territory, that is its supremacy in the domestic policy and independence in the foreign one.
385:
International Law does not say that a State is not in existence as long as it is not recognised, but it takes no notice of it before its recognition. Through recognition only and exclusively a State becomes an
International Person and a subject of International
157:
Since the end of the 19th century, almost the entire globe has been divided into sections (countries) with more or less defined borders assigned to different states. Previously, quite large plots of land were either unclaimed or deserted, or inhabited by
332:
states in World War I and explained that "since recognition of statehood is a matter of discretion, it is open to any existing State to accept as a state any entity it wishes, regardless of the existence of territory or of an established government."
365:
recognised only 39 sovereign states in the
European diplomatic system, and as a result, it was firmly established that in the future new states would have to be recognised by other states, and that meant in practice recognition by one or more of the
469:
In the case of
Northern Cyprus, recognition was withheld from a state created in Northern Cyprus. International law contains no prohibition on declarations of independence, and the recognition of a country is a political issue. On 2 July 2013,
701:
international relations with other states. On the other hand, pluralists believe that the state is not the only actor in international relations and interactions between states and the state is competing against many other actors.
3243:
453:
and
Northern Cyprus are good examples of this, the former only having been recognized by South Africa, and the latter only recognized by Turkey. In the case of Rhodesia, recognition was widely withheld when the white minority
663:" is predicated upon that distinction. States are non-physical juridical entities, not organisations of any kind. However, ordinarily, only the government of a state can obligate or bind the state, for example by treaty.
327:
No definition is binding on all the members of the community of nations on the criteria for statehood. In practice, the criteria are mainly political, not legal. L.C. Green cited the recognition of the unborn Polish and
1371:
Wilde, Ralph (2009). "From Trusteeship to Self-Determination and Back Again: The Role of the Hague Regulations in the Evolution of International Trusteeship, and the Framework of Rights and Duties of Occupying Powers".
1073:
The Committee considers that the state is commonly defined as a community which consists of a territory and a population subject to an organized political authority; that such a state is characterized by sovereignty;
308:
by statute, which explicitly limits jurisdictional immunity to public acts, but not private or commercial ones, though there is no precise definition by which public acts can easily be distinguished from private ones.
672:
been argued that their extinction cannot be due to physical force alone. Instead, the physical actions of the military must be associated with the correct social or judiciary actions for a state to be abolished.
303:
Absolute sovereign immunity is no longer as widely accepted as it has been in the past, and some countries, including the United States, Canada, Singapore, Australia, Pakistan and South Africa, have introduced
820:
475:
application or enforcement within that territory, may be regarded as having a legal basis in domestic law for the purposes of the Convention". On 9 October 2014, the US's Federal Court stated that "the
638:
subjected to a more powerful neighbour; Belarus, in its relationship with Russia, has been proposed as a contemporary example of a semi-sovereign state. In a somewhat different sense, the term
5252:
3476:
2132:
659:
Although the terms "state" and "government" are often used interchangeably, international law distinguishes between a non-physical state and its government; and in fact, the concept of "
830:
2107:
5232:
1969:
357:
part of the international community or be bound by international law, and recognised nations did not have to respect international law in their dealings with them. In 1815, at the
1731:
684:
status of the state has been a subject of debate, especially, whether or not the state, being an object that no one can see, taste, touch, or otherwise detect, actually exists.
488:, and their representatives are elected in the Assembly of Northern Cyprus. As a country, Northern Cyprus became an observer member in various international organizations (the
455:
2767:
997:
A sovereign state is generally defined to be any nation or people, whatever may be the form of its internal constitution, which governs itself independently of foreign powers.
421:
Article 3 of the Montevideo Convention declares that political statehood is independent of recognition by other states, and the state is not prohibited from defending itself.
285:
within territorial boundaries. Based on this, the jurisprudence has developed along the lines of affording immunity from prosecution to foreign states in domestic courts. In
170:(and some of them are still not in constant contact). Additionally, there are states where de facto control is contested or where it is not exercised over their whole area.
2655:
709:
Another theory of the ontology of the state is that the state is a spiritual, or "mystical entity" with its own being, distinct from the members of the state. The German
2671:"The Involuntary Extinction of States: An Examination of the Destruction of States though the Application of Military Force by Foreign Powers since the Second World War"
1433:
2329:
546:
485:
374:
judging if they should give recognition and they have no obligation to use such criteria. Many states may only recognise another state if it is to their advantage.
3469:
2302:
2904:
3890:
1701:
814:
2961:
2085:
726:
increased the desire of political units to secede and can be credited for the increase in the number of states in the international system. Harvard economist
2670:
2063:
1462:
2013:
The President of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) Hisashi Owada (2010): "International law contains no prohibition on declarations of independence."
5247:
3277:
604:
The hegemony of this system, at least until recent years, is what created the possibility of a de facto state as an anomaly existing outside of it - or in
3499:
212:
the notion that their "sovereignty" was either completely lacking or at least of an inferior character when compared to that of the "civilized" people".
4621:
3462:
1925:
International Law and Self-Determination: The Interplay of the Politics of Territorial Possession With Formulations of Post-Colonial National Identity
876:
1992:
1981:
3307:
200:
sovereignty based on territoriality and the absence of a role for external agents in domestic structures. It is an international system of states,
825:
634:, a state which is officially acknowledged as sovereign but whose theoretical sovereignty is significantly impaired in practice, such as by being
443:
318:
76:
3217:, "Part Three. The Philosophy of the State" (Milwaukee: The Bruce Publishing Company, 1954 ). 507 pgs. 23 cm. LOC classification: JA66 .S35
2232:
717:(1770â1831) was perhaps the greatest proponent of this theory. The Hegelian definition of the state is "the Divine Idea as it exists on Earth".
519:
434:, which found that a state was defined by having a territory, a population, government, and capacity to enter into relations with other states.
4527:
3207:
3147:
3077:
2884:
2577:
2502:
2463:
2389:
2215:
2175:
1937:
1806:
1761:
1672:
1636:
1409:
1320:
1295:
1042:
949:
573:
states only according to their own law and by states that recognise them. For example, Somaliland is commonly considered to be such a state.
2737:
4741:
3779:
2099:
541:
are sometimes recognised as being the legitimate government of a territory over which they have no actual control. For example, during the
287:
1839:
1782:
4746:
4174:
3678:
1127:
489:
362:
3233:
4673:
3840:
2276:
247:
4559:
4507:
4416:
3189:
3168:
3129:
2994:
2798:
1900:
1833:
1725:
1696:
1121:
870:
493:
144:
2356:
1548:
1055:
Pellet, Alain (1992). "The Opinions of the Badinter Arbitration Committee A Second Breath for the Self-Determination of Peoples".
4696:
4636:
4596:
4502:
4480:
4264:
3919:
3914:
3585:
1182:
Hoch, TomĂĄĆĄ (2018). "Legitimization of Statehood and its Impact on Foreign Policy in De Facto States: A Case Study of Abkhazia".
122:
974:
So far as States are concerned, the traditional definitions provided for in the Montevideo Convention remain generally accepted.
616:
resulted in the emergence of numerous such entities, several of which, including Abkhazia, Transdniester, South Ossetia and the
4761:
4522:
3686:
2078:"Michali Toumazou, Nicolas Kantzilaris and Maroulla Tompazou versus Republic of Turkey and Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus"
805:
609:
463:
1425:
1011:
5203:
4756:
4005:
3936:
1487:
1033:
471:
430:
126:
3042:
2508:
2469:
2395:
2333:
2147:
2025:
2006:
5055:
4130:
497:
3089:"States and their international relations since 1816: introducing version 2 of the International System(s) Dataset (ISD)"
3000:
2926:
Fazal, Tanisha M.; Griffiths, Ryan D. (March 2014). "Membership Has Its Privileges: The Changing Benefits of Statehood".
5278:
4873:
4680:
4492:
4470:
4030:
3907:
3746:
3300:
2306:
845:
590:
De facto states can be understood as a product of the very system that excludes the possibility of their existence: the
459:
4616:
4361:
2900:
2876:
425:
296:
2953:
1513:
Schwebel, Stephen M. (1963). "The Story of the U.N.'s Declaration on Permanent Sovereignty over Natural Resources".
5273:
4731:
4242:
3830:
2077:
1113:
2685:
2055:
1455:
182:, diplomacy between officially recognized sovereign states, their organizations and formal regimes has been laid.
4931:
4903:
4721:
4485:
4237:
3850:
591:
263:
225:, "sovereignty is neither a question of fact, nor a question of law, but a question that does not arise at all".
201:
4936:
4701:
4042:
3719:
3115:
The International Law of Recognition, with Special Reference to Practice in Great Britain and the United States
810:
775:
406:
162:
that were not organized into states. However, even in modern states, there are large remote areas, such as the
2135:
Criminals fleeing British justice can no longer use Cyprus as a safe haven, judges rule, in landmark decision
1488:"General Assembly resolution 1803 (XVII) of 14 December 1962, "Permanent sovereignty over natural resources""
1252:
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4382:
4147:
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3252:
562:
222:
191:
174:
115:
61:
605:
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4891:
4421:
4259:
4159:
3895:
3815:
550:
305:
243:
72:
83:
with other sovereign states due to their lack of international recognition. When referring to a specific
5156:
4392:
4076:
4060:
4020:
4010:
3845:
3709:
3691:
3537:
2649:
957:
613:
411:
396:
274:
3263:
Legal opinion by the Negotiations Support Unit in the Palestinian Authority on transitional sovereignty
1729:
60:
as having a permanent population, defined territory, a government not under another, and the capacity
5283:
5123:
4015:
3575:
3393:
3328:
2593:
Robinson, Edward Heath (2010). "An ontological analysis of states: Organizations vs. legal persons".
2539:
2247:
1776:
840:
643:
3454:
1863:"The Status of Unrecognized Quasi-States and Their Responsibilities Under the Montevideo Convention"
424:
A similar opinion about "the conditions on which an entity constitutes a state" is expressed by the
5131:
4968:
4626:
4554:
4249:
4207:
4095:
4025:
4000:
3787:
3734:
3547:
3542:
2417:
Hancock, Kathleen J. (April 2006). "The Semi-Sovereign State: Belarus and the Russian Neo-Empire".
1956:
941:
785:
660:
617:
205:
88:
3259:
information on tracking, evaluating and managing sovereign risk for trade and permanent investment
2207:
1287:
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4951:
4886:
4881:
4601:
4387:
4271:
4154:
4037:
3970:
3862:
3820:
3660:
3348:
2790:
2727:
2637:
2434:
1522:
1353:
1234:
1199:
911:
608:'s memorable phrase, as "temporary technical errors within the system of international law." The
378:
358:
229:
1540:
760:
5005:
4993:
4641:
4631:
4254:
4232:
4137:
4101:
3995:
3882:
3872:
3857:
3714:
3647:
3433:
3203:
3185:
3164:
3158:
3143:
3125:
3073:
2990:
2880:
2573:
2498:
2459:
2385:
2211:
2171:
2154:
The Foreign Policy of Counter Secession: Preventing the Recognition of Contested States, p.149
1933:
1829:
1823:
1802:
1796:
1757:
1721:
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1668:
1632:
1405:
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control over a territory but lack international recognition; these may be considered by the
542:
481:
5237:
5098:
4726:
4429:
4332:
4276:
4184:
4169:
3949:
3944:
3902:
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3607:
3256:
3237:
3034:
2151:
2029:
2010:
1735:
1705:
1217:
Fowler, Michael Ross; Bunck, Julie Marie (1996). "What constitutes the sovereign state?".
835:
800:
752:
727:
595:
213:
1892:
934:
620:, survived in the margins of international relations for decades despite non-recognition.
537:(i.e., they exist both according to law and in practice). However, states which are only
449:
of international law. Almost universal non-recognition by the international community of
340:, however, there are several theories of when a state should be recognised as sovereign.
2543:
2272:
1068:
1049:
adjective ... (of a nation or state) fully independent and determining its own affairs.
273:
from the judicial process, derived from the concepts of sovereignty and the Westphalian
5030:
4569:
4537:
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4337:
4327:
4322:
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3926:
3877:
3570:
3317:
1717:
865:
329:
159:
57:
35:
2530:
Robinson, Edward Heath (August 2013). "The Distinction Between State and Government".
746:
228:
Sovereignty has taken on a different meaning with the development of the principle of
5267:
4751:
4591:
4353:
4202:
4065:
3835:
3810:
3653:
3443:
3358:
3271:
2731:
2438:
2430:
1605:
1574:
1357:
1336:
NĂșñez, Jorge Emilio (2013). "About the Impossibility of Absolute State Sovereignty".
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855:
694:
292:
2794:
1575:"Globalization and Sovereignty: Why do States Abandon their Sovereign Prerogatives?"
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Great Powers and Outlaw States: Unequal Sovereigns in the International Legal Order
1003:
795:
766:
353:
197:
5045:
3105:
3088:
1592:
Turner, Bryan S. (July 2007). "Islam, Religious Revival and the Sovereign State".
1491:
17:
5222:
Used by ten or more countries or having derived terms. Historical derivations in
3179:
3137:
3067:
3028:
2870:
2786:
2492:
2453:
2379:
2144:
2022:
2003:
1923:
1751:
1151:"Statehood and recognition in world politics: Towards a critical research agenda"
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3729:
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Rethinking Germany and Europe: Democracy and Diplomacy in a Semi-Sovereign State
2023:
Oshisanya, An Almanac of Contemporary and Comperative Judicial Restatement, 2016
860:
714:
554:
367:
218:
104:
68:
39:
3262:
2768:"A documentary theory of states and their existence as quasi-abstract entities"
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4197:
4052:
3751:
3423:
3373:
3343:
2984:
2633:
2120:
2041:
1390:
Lassa Oppenheim, International Law 66 (Sir Arnold D. McNair ed., 4th ed. 1928)
1349:
1230:
1195:
1167:
1150:
742:
582:
410:
not gained by military force. The declarative model was expressed in the 1933
278:
234:
2298:
1628:
598:
system of sovereign and equal states covering every centimeter of the globe.
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3038:
2357:"The Nagorno-Karabakh Republic: The life and death of an unrecognized state"
80:
47:
43:
5113:
5108:
1691:, UNESCO Series, Mohammed Bedjaoui(ed), Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1991,
902:
Philpott, Daniel (1995). "Sovereignty: An Introduction and Brief History".
3210:. p 29 (with reference to Oppenheim in International Law Vol. 1 1905 p110)
2032:
p.64: The ICJ maintained that ... the issue of recognition was apolitical.
1664:
993:
Elements of international law: with a sketch of the history of the science
648:
Policy and Politics in West Germany: The Growth of a Semi-sovereign State,
5173:
5067:
4918:
4863:
4833:
4663:
4586:
4497:
4309:
4087:
3797:
3418:
3408:
3338:
2606:
1400:
Akweenda, Sackey (1997). "Sovereignty in cases of Mandated Territories".
710:
681:
450:
2455:
Policy and Politics in West Germany: The Growth of a Semisovereign State
1526:
1203:
915:
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1402:
International law and the protection of Namibia's territorial integrity
529:
129: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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3701:
3368:
2620:
Fazal, Tanisha M. (2004). "State Death in the International System".
501:
84:
4943:
2145:
James Ker-Lindsay (UN SG's Former Special Representative for Cyprus)
166:, that are either uninhabited or inhabited exclusively or mainly by
3139:
Sovereignty: The Origin and Future of a Political and Legal Concept
1541:"OHCHR | International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights"
1093:
The recognition of states: law and practice in debate and evolution
549:
of several states continued to enjoy diplomatic relations with the
87:, the term "country" may also refer to a constituent country, or a
5193:
5178:
5163:
5040:
5025:
5015:
5000:
4978:
4973:
4908:
4706:
4648:
4532:
3383:
3363:
518:
466:
described as the creation of an "illegal racist minority régime".
3285:
5020:
4286:
3624:
3249:
3218:
2823:
Ringmar, Erik (1996). "On the Ontological Status of the State".
2710:
Ringmar, Erik (1996). "On the ontological status of the state".
2491:
Padgett, Stephen; Jeffery, C.; Bulmer, Simon (14 January 2014).
2200:
The Reality of International LawEssays in Honour of Ian Brownlie
553:, notwithstanding that their countries were under occupation by
476:
4800:
4452:
3514:
3497:
3458:
3289:
1861:
Bachmann, Sascha Dov; Prazauskas, Martinas (19 December 2019).
821:
List of sovereign states and dependent territories by continent
4818:
873:, a rare example of a contemporary sovereign, non-state entity
98:
3250:
Links to the best political risk websites, ipoliticalrisk.com
3184:(Second ed.). Macmillan International Higher Education.
2381:
Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law
3270:
3069:
Imperialism, Sovereignty and the Making of International Law
2761:
2759:
642:
was famously applied to West Germany by political scientist
3087:
Butcher, Charles R.; Griffiths, Ryan D. (17 January 2020).
232:
and the prohibition against the threat or use of force as
1623:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 25â61.
730:
and Tufts economist Enrico Spolaore argue in their book,
2198:
Goodwin-Gill, Guy S.; Talmon, Stefan (14 October 1999).
1008:
The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
2751:
Sovereign Statehood: The Basis of International Society
2164:
CzapliĆski, W.; Kleczkowska, A.; Scholar, W.N. (2019).
1720:, Mala Tabory eds., Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1990,
1278:
Talmon, Stefan (2001). "Recognition and its Variants".
1037:(2nd ed.), Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005,
1024:
adj. 1. Self-governing; independent: a sovereign state.
961:(d) capacity to enter into relations with other states'
831:
List of historical unrecognized states and dependencies
2983:
Alesina, Alberto; Spolaore, Enrico (7 November 2003).
1970:
Arbitration Commission of the Conference on Yugoslavia
1687:
See B. Broms, "IV Recognition of States", pp 47â48 in
1432:. Secretariat of The Organization of American States.
486:
Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE)
2273:"The List: Six Reasons You May Need A New Atlas Soon"
27:
State that has the highest authority over a territory
2563:
2561:
2233:"De facto Statehood? The Strange Case of Somaliland"
1426:"Chapter IV Fundamental Rights and Duties of States"
5086:
4811:
4689:
4463:
4372:
4346:
4308:
4285:
4223:
4183:
4118:
4086:
4051:
3986:
3963:
3935:
3796:
3778:
3760:
3700:
3677:
3623:
3598:
3584:
3561:
3525:
3033:(2nd printing ed.). Bruce Publishing Company.
2860:
2848:
2378:Grant, John P.; Barker, J. Craig (2 October 2009).
1657:
The State Immunity Controversy in International Law
381:said the following, regarding constitutive theory:
3240:With cases and commentary. Nathaniel Burney, 2007.
3027:Schmandt, Henry J.; Steinbicker, Paul G. (1956) .
2954:"The State of Secession in International Politics"
2056:"Property Spat Over Turk-|Controlled Cyprus Fails"
1456:"Draft Declaration on Rights and Duties of States"
3281:. Vol. 25 (11th ed.). pp. 799â801.
2844:
2842:
2840:
2838:
458:and attempted to form a state along the lines of
2332:. Les Nouvelles d'Addis Magazine. Archived from
1225:(4). Cambridge University Press (CUP): 381â404.
1010:(4th ed.), Houghton Mifflin Company, 2004,
502:Parliamentary Assembly of Turkic States (TURKPA)
248:Draft Declaration on Rights and Duties of States
1619:Simpson, Gerry (2004). "Sovereign Equalities".
1280:Recognition of Governments in International Law
588:
383:
281:, the powers of the state are considered to be
2654:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of August 2024 (
2303:Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
1993:United Nations Security Council Resolution 541
1982:United Nations Security Council Resolution 216
1430:Charter of the Organization of American States
1338:International Journal for the Semiotics of Law
523:De facto map of control of the world, May 2019
3470:
3301:
3213:Schmandt, Henry J., and Paul G. Steinbicker.
1689:International law: achievements and prospects
258:their kingdoms on the pragmatic principle of
8:
3246:by Michael Ross Fowler and Julie Marie Bunck
71:. A sovereign state can exist without being
5248:List of administrative divisions by country
3200:Statehood and the Law of Self-determination
3122:The Creation of States in International Law
2825:European Journal of International Relations
2712:European Journal of International Relations
2570:The Creation of States in International Law
1893:"Convention on Rights and Duties of States"
1828:. Cambridge University Press. p. 419.
1716:See Israel Yearbook on Human Rights, 1989,
1404:. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 40.
4808:
4797:
4460:
4449:
3522:
3511:
3507:
3494:
3477:
3463:
3455:
3308:
3294:
3286:
2167:Unrecognised Subjects in International Law
2123:The decision of 02.09.2015. paragraph 237.
1801:. The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. p. 135.
1253:"Countries Not in the United Nations 2024"
995:. Carey, Lea & Blanchard. p. 51.
472:The European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR)
196:Westphalian sovereignty is the concept of
3104:
2572:(2nd ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press.
2208:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198268376.003.0023
1795:Lassa Oppenheim, Ronald Roxburgh (2005).
1650:
1648:
1288:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199248391.003.0003
1166:
877:Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations
655:Relationship between state and government
145:Learn how and when to remove this message
2869:Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich (2012) .
2384:. Oxford University Press. p. 552.
2170:. Scholar Publishing House. p. 26.
2044:The decision of 02.07.2013. paragraph 29
972:. Kluwer Law International. p. 20.
204:, and organizations that began with the
2903:. SAGE Publications. pp. 294â295.
2330:"France recognises de facto Somaliland"
1928:. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p.
1745:
1743:
1257:World Population by Country 2024 (Live)
894:
826:List of states with limited recognition
444:List of states with limited recognition
319:List of states with limited recognition
2647:
2275:. Foreign Policy Magazine. July 2007.
1753:Sourcebook on Public International Law
1091:Grant, Thomas D. (1999). "Chapter 1".
1086:
1084:
968:Jasentuliyana, Nandasiri, ed. (1995).
940:. Cambridge University Press. p.
586:in early 2024, Laurence Broers wrote:
269:Before 1900, sovereign states enjoyed
3244:What constitutes the sovereign state?
3202:. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2002.
3003:from the original on 17 November 2016
2964:from the original on 17 November 2016
2907:from the original on 17 November 2016
2240:Yale Journal of International Affairs
2110:from the original on 21 October 2023.
2088:from the original on 20 October 2023.
2066:from the original on 21 October 2023.
1057:European Journal of International Law
7:
3045:from the original on 15 January 2023
2511:from the original on 15 January 2023
2472:from the original on 15 January 2023
2398:from the original on 15 January 2023
2279:from the original on 13 January 2009
1952:
1842:from the original on 15 January 2023
1554:from the original on 4 December 2018
1468:from the original on 17 October 2013
1130:from the original on 15 January 2023
127:adding citations to reliable sources
73:recognized by other sovereign states
3231:A Brief Primer on International Law
2355:Broers, Laurence (2 January 2024).
1069:10.1093/oxfordjournals.ejil.a035802
1014:from the original on 7 October 2015
490:Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
1374:Loy. L.A. Int'l & Comp. L. Rev
79:often have difficulty engaging in
25:
3124:. Oxford University Press, 2005.
2678:The Journal of Military Geography
1436:from the original on 9 April 2012
1095:. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger.
970:Perspectives on international law
871:Sovereign Military Order of Malta
494:Economic Cooperation Organization
288:The Schooner Exchange v. M'Faddon
4265:Organized incorporated territory
3160:Recognition in International Law
2901:"The SAGE Handbook of Diplomacy"
2431:10.1111/j.1743-8594.2006.00023.x
2309:from the original on 3 June 2010
2054:Abbott, Ryan (13 October 2014).
1903:from the original on 29 May 2019
1825:Recognition in International Law
1606:10.1111/j.1478-1913.2007.00187.x
1515:American Bar Association Journal
1490:. United Nations. Archived from
1461:. UN Treaty Organization. 1949.
1313:Sovereignty: Organised Hypocrisy
1109:Recognition in International Law
904:Journal of International Affairs
759:
745:
484:gained "observer status" in the
350:constitutive theory of statehood
103:
69:a sovereign state is independent
5253:Slavic administrative divisions
3066:Angie, Antony (26 April 2007).
2875:. Courier Corporation. p.
2867:, trans. J. Sibree ); see also
2861:Schmandt & Steinbicker 1956
2849:Schmandt & Steinbicker 1956
2669:Robinson, Edward Heath (2011).
1219:Review of International Studies
806:List of former sovereign states
705:The state as "spiritual entity"
676:Ontological status of the state
527:Most sovereign states are both
464:United Nations Security Council
403:declarative theory of statehood
114:needs additional citations for
67:It is commonly understood that
4802:Non-English terms or loanwords
4006:Direct-controlled municipality
3163:. Cambridge University Press.
3136:Dieter Grimm (21 April 2015).
3072:. Cambridge University Press.
2452:Katzenstein, Peter J. (1987).
1315:. Princeton University Press.
1034:New Oxford American Dictionary
721:Trends in the number of states
431:Badinter Arbitration Committee
1:
4131:Special administrative region
3142:. Columbia University Press.
3106:10.1080/03050629.2020.1707199
2863:, p. 71 (citing Hegel's
2299:"Overview of De-facto States"
1798:International Law: A Treatise
1756:. Routledge. pp. 201â2.
932:Shaw, Malcolm Nathan (2003).
688:The state as "quasi-abstract"
498:Organization of Turkic States
62:to interact with other states
4031:Mountain resort municipality
3908:Intermediate school district
3891:Educational service district
3747:Regional county municipality
3157:Lauterpacht, Hersch (2012).
2928:International Studies Review
2787:10.1080/14650045.2014.913027
2766:Robinson, Edward H. (2014).
2328:Wiren, Robert (April 2008).
1311:Krasner, Stephen D. (1999).
1106:Lauterpacht, Hersch (2012).
846:Rule according to higher law
569:states. They are considered
4362:Autonomous territorial unit
2753:(London: Allen & Unwin)
2724:10.1177/1354066196002004002
2636:(inactive 27 August 2024).
2458:. Temple University Press.
2202:. Oxford University Press.
1922:Castellino, Joshua (2000).
1822:Hersch Lauterpacht (2012).
576:Outlining the concept of a
426:European Economic Community
407:person in international law
297:United States Supreme Court
5300:
4243:National capital territory
3964:Indian reserve/reservation
3831:Indian government district
3485:Designations for types of
3219:Fundamentals of government
3215:Fundamentals of Government
3181:Modern Political Geography
3093:International Interactions
3030:Fundamentals of Government
2622:International Organization
1655:Bankas, Ernest K. (2005).
1114:Cambridge University Press
557:. Other entities may have
441:
394:
316:
202:multinational corporations
189:
5233:Autonomous administration
5220:
4807:
4796:
4459:
4448:
4238:Federal capital territory
3851:Non-metropolitan district
3841:Local government district
3521:
3510:
3506:
3493:
3324:
2958:E-International Relations
2872:The Philosophy of History
2634:10.1017/S0020818304582048
2497:. Palgrave Macmillan UK.
1350:10.1007/s11196-013-9333-x
1231:10.1017/s0260210500118637
1196:10.1163/1573384X-20180406
1168:10.1177/00108367211007876
264:whose realm, his religion
217:upon." In the opinion of
164:Amazon's tropical forests
4043:Specialized municipality
3720:Consolidated city-county
3269:Barclay, Thomas (1911).
3236:10 November 2016 at the
2150:14 November 2022 at the
2133:The Telegraph 03.02.2017
2028:14 November 2022 at the
1867:The International Lawyer
1734:14 November 2022 at the
1704:14 November 2022 at the
1629:10.1017/CBO9780511494185
1155:Cooperation and Conflict
811:List of sovereign states
776:List of sovereign states
260:cuius regio eius religio
4405:Military exclusion zone
4383:Exclusive economic zone
4148:National capital region
3740:Non-metropolitan county
3487:administrative division
3278:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
2684:: 17â29. Archived from
2419:Foreign Policy Analysis
2246:: 60â79. Archived from
2231:Arieff, Alexis (2008).
2060:Courthouse News Service
1968:Opinion No. 10. of the
1184:Iran & the Caucasus
991:Wheaton, Henry (1836).
563:international community
277:. First articulated by
223:High Court of Australia
192:Westphalian sovereignty
186:Westphalian sovereignty
175:international community
4422:Self-administered zone
4260:Incorporated territory
4127:Administrative region
3896:Local service district
3816:Congressional district
3178:Muir, Richard (1981).
1149:Visoka, GĂ«zim (2022).
622:
524:
460:Apartheid South Africa
388:
244:United Nations Charter
4393:Special economic zone
4077:Praetorian prefecture
4061:Autonomous prefecture
4021:Regional municipality
4011:District municipality
3846:Metropolitan district
3710:Administrative county
3692:Residential community
3538:Local government area
3255:1 August 2012 at the
2960:. 23 September 2016.
2865:Philosophy of History
2568:Crawford, J. (2006).
1780:Taming the Sovereigns
1750:Hillier, Tim (1998).
1665:10.1007/3-540-27883-4
1573:Grinin, L. E (2008).
1190:(4). Brill: 382â407.
958:Montevideo Convention
625:Semi-sovereign states
606:Alexander Iskandaryan
592:post-Second World War
522:
412:Montevideo Convention
405:defines a state as a
397:Montevideo Convention
352:defines a state as a
75:such as Somaliland.
38:that has the supreme
4984:Njësi administrative
4016:Neutral municipality
3955:Subdivision of India
3687:Autonomous community
3576:Metropolitan borough
3516:Common English terms
3394:Night-watchman state
3329:Administrative state
2607:10.3233/AO-2010-0077
1777:Kalevi Jaakko Holsti
1579:Age of Globalization
841:Non-Aligned Movement
651:national security).
632:semi-sovereign state
547:governments-in-exile
306:restrictive immunity
123:improve this article
81:diplomatic relations
5279:Political geography
4627:Autonomous republic
4555:Enclave and exclave
4454:Other English terms
4250:Dependent territory
4096:Autonomous province
4026:Resort municipality
4001:County municipality
3788:Overseas department
3735:Metropolitan county
3548:Unincorporated area
2986:The Size of Nations
2691:on 19 February 2018
2544:2013GComp...7..556R
2253:on 13 December 2011
2009:22 May 2018 at the
1494:on 18 February 2011
1282:. pp. 44â112.
987:See the following:
928:See the following:
786:Dependent territory
661:government-in-exile
344:Constitutive theory
206:Peace of Westphalia
89:dependent territory
77:Unrecognized states
5243:Electoral district
4560:Federal dependency
4388:Free economic zone
4272:Overseas territory
4155:Development region
4038:Rural municipality
3971:Indian reservation
3863:Municipal district
3821:Electoral district
3661:Free imperial city
3349:Civilization state
2940:10.1111/misr.12099
2552:10.1111/gec3.12065
614:Yugoslav collapses
525:
462:, a move that the
391:Declarative theory
379:L. F. L. Oppenheim
359:Congress of Vienna
275:equality of states
230:self-determination
56:defines sovereign
18:Declarative theory
5274:International law
5261:
5260:
5216:
5215:
5212:
5211:
4792:
4791:
4788:
4787:
4784:
4783:
4780:
4779:
4444:
4443:
4440:
4439:
4358:Territorial unit
4255:Federal territory
4233:Capital territory
4138:Autonomous region
4102:Overseas province
3996:City municipality
3887:Service district
3883:Sanitary district
3873:Regional district
3858:Military district
3715:Autonomous county
3648:Incorporated city
3452:
3451:
3434:Territorial state
3208:978-90-411-1890-5
3149:978-0-231-53930-2
3132:, pp. 15â24.
3120:Crawford, James.
3113:Chen, Ti-chiang.
3079:978-0-521-82892-5
2886:978-0-486-11900-7
2749:A. James (1986).
2579:978-0-19-826002-8
2532:Geography Compass
2504:978-1-349-58924-1
2465:978-0-87722-264-4
2391:978-0-19-987491-0
2336:on 25 August 2018
2217:978-0-19-826837-6
2177:978-83-7383-964-9
1939:978-90-411-1409-9
1881:– via SSRN.
1808:978-1-58477-609-3
1763:978-1-85941-050-9
1674:978-3-540-25695-3
1638:978-0-521-82761-4
1411:978-90-411-0412-0
1322:978-0-691-00711-3
1297:978-0-19-924839-1
1044:978-0-19-517077-1
956:Article 1 of the
951:978-0-5215-3183-2
936:International law
851:Stateless society
815:by formation date
791:Exclusive mandate
646:in his 1987 book
644:Peter Katzenstein
438:State recognition
401:By contrast, the
338:international law
271:absolute immunity
240:international law
180:international law
168:indigenous people
155:
154:
147:
54:International law
16:(Redirected from
5291:
4849:Regierungsbezirk
4809:
4798:
4461:
4450:
4412:Free speech zone
4318:Charter township
4071:Super-prefecture
3915:Special district
3826:Federal district
3806:Capital district
3770:Overseas country
3643:Independent city
3614:Imperial capital
3553:Unorganized area
3523:
3512:
3508:
3495:
3479:
3472:
3465:
3456:
3334:Capitalist state
3310:
3303:
3296:
3287:
3282:
3274:
3195:
3174:
3153:
3110:
3108:
3083:
3054:
3052:
3050:
3013:
3012:
3010:
3008:
2980:
2974:
2973:
2971:
2969:
2950:
2944:
2943:
2923:
2917:
2916:
2914:
2912:
2897:
2891:
2890:
2858:
2852:
2846:
2833:
2832:
2820:
2814:
2813:
2811:
2809:
2803:
2797:. Archived from
2772:
2763:
2754:
2747:
2741:
2735:
2707:
2701:
2700:
2698:
2696:
2690:
2675:
2666:
2660:
2659:
2653:
2645:
2617:
2611:
2610:
2595:Applied Ontology
2590:
2584:
2583:
2565:
2556:
2555:
2527:
2521:
2520:
2518:
2516:
2488:
2482:
2481:
2479:
2477:
2449:
2443:
2442:
2414:
2408:
2407:
2405:
2403:
2375:
2369:
2368:
2366:
2364:
2352:
2346:
2345:
2343:
2341:
2325:
2319:
2318:
2316:
2314:
2295:
2289:
2288:
2286:
2284:
2269:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2252:
2237:
2228:
2222:
2221:
2195:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2161:
2155:
2142:
2136:
2130:
2124:
2118:
2112:
2111:
2096:
2090:
2089:
2074:
2068:
2067:
2051:
2045:
2039:
2033:
2020:
2014:
2001:
1995:
1990:
1984:
1979:
1973:
1966:
1960:
1950:
1944:
1943:
1919:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1889:
1883:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1858:
1852:
1851:
1849:
1847:
1819:
1813:
1812:
1792:
1786:
1774:
1768:
1767:
1747:
1738:
1714:
1708:
1685:
1679:
1678:
1652:
1643:
1642:
1616:
1610:
1609:
1594:The Muslim World
1589:
1583:
1582:
1570:
1564:
1563:
1561:
1559:
1553:
1537:
1531:
1530:
1510:
1504:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1484:
1478:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1467:
1460:
1452:
1446:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1422:
1416:
1415:
1397:
1391:
1388:
1382:
1381:
1368:
1362:
1361:
1333:
1327:
1326:
1308:
1302:
1301:
1275:
1269:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1249:
1243:
1242:
1214:
1208:
1207:
1179:
1173:
1172:
1170:
1146:
1140:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1103:
1097:
1096:
1088:
1079:
1076:
1051:
1026:
1021:
1019:
999:
985:
979:
976:
963:
939:
926:
920:
919:
899:
781:Associated state
769:
764:
763:
755:
750:
749:
732:Size of Nations,
667:State extinction
543:Second World War
482:Turkish Cypriots
429:Opinions of the
291:, Chief Justice
283:suprema potestas
238:norms of modern
150:
143:
139:
136:
130:
107:
99:
21:
5299:
5298:
5294:
5293:
5292:
5290:
5289:
5288:
5264:
5263:
5262:
5257:
5238:Census division
5208:
5082:
4803:
4776:
4727:Imperial Circle
4685:
4455:
4436:
4430:Free-trade zone
4368:
4342:
4333:Survey township
4304:
4281:
4277:Union territory
4219:
4214:Sovereign state
4179:
4170:Overseas region
4114:
4082:
4047:
3982:
3973:(United States)
3959:
3950:Police division
3945:Census division
3931:
3903:School district
3868:Police district
3792:
3774:
3756:
3696:
3673:
3668:Royal free city
3633:Autonomous city
3619:
3608:Federal capital
3594:
3580:
3557:
3517:
3502:
3489:
3483:
3453:
3448:
3429:Sovereign state
3320:
3314:
3268:
3257:Wayback Machine
3238:Wayback Machine
3227:
3192:
3177:
3171:
3156:
3150:
3135:
3117:. London, 1951.
3086:
3080:
3065:
3062:
3060:Further reading
3057:
3048:
3046:
3026:
3022:
3017:
3016:
3006:
3004:
2997:
2982:
2981:
2977:
2967:
2965:
2952:
2951:
2947:
2925:
2924:
2920:
2910:
2908:
2899:
2898:
2894:
2887:
2868:
2859:
2855:
2847:
2836:
2822:
2821:
2817:
2807:
2805:
2804:on 3 March 2016
2801:
2770:
2765:
2764:
2757:
2748:
2744:
2709:
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2692:
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2559:
2529:
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2524:
2514:
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2505:
2490:
2489:
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2416:
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2327:
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2312:
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2297:
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2270:
2266:
2256:
2254:
2250:
2235:
2230:
2229:
2225:
2218:
2197:
2196:
2192:
2182:
2180:
2178:
2163:
2162:
2158:
2152:Wayback Machine
2143:
2139:
2131:
2127:
2119:
2115:
2098:
2097:
2093:
2076:
2075:
2071:
2053:
2052:
2048:
2040:
2036:
2030:Wayback Machine
2021:
2017:
2011:Wayback Machine
2002:
1998:
1991:
1987:
1980:
1976:
1967:
1963:
1951:
1947:
1940:
1921:
1920:
1916:
1906:
1904:
1891:
1890:
1886:
1876:
1874:
1860:
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1794:
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1764:
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1736:Wayback Machine
1728:, page 135-136
1715:
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1706:Wayback Machine
1686:
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1512:
1511:
1507:
1497:
1495:
1486:
1485:
1481:
1471:
1469:
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1439:
1437:
1424:
1423:
1419:
1412:
1399:
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1389:
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1370:
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1335:
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990:
986:
982:
967:
952:
931:
927:
923:
901:
900:
896:
891:
886:
881:
836:Nation-building
801:Federated state
765:
758:
753:Politics portal
751:
744:
741:
728:Alberto Alesina
723:
707:
690:
678:
669:
657:
627:
601:
517:
446:
440:
399:
393:
346:
321:
315:
214:Lassa Oppenheim
194:
188:
173:Currently, the
160:nomadic peoples
151:
140:
134:
131:
120:
108:
97:
32:sovereign state
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5297:
5295:
5287:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5266:
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5250:
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5230:
5221:
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5209:
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5106:
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5090:
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5075:
5070:
5065:
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5063:
5053:
5048:
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5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4997:
4996:
4986:
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4961:
4956:
4955:
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4906:
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4900:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4876:
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4866:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4846:
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4836:
4831:
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4821:
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4813:
4805:
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4778:
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4769:
4764:
4759:
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4709:
4704:
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4683:
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4614:
4609:
4604:
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4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
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4505:
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4457:
4456:
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4445:
4442:
4441:
4438:
4437:
4435:
4434:
4433:
4432:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4408:
4407:
4400:Exclusion zone
4397:
4396:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4379:Economic zone
4376:
4374:
4370:
4369:
4367:
4366:
4365:
4364:
4356:
4350:
4348:
4344:
4343:
4341:
4340:
4338:Urban township
4335:
4330:
4328:Paper township
4325:
4323:Civil township
4320:
4314:
4312:
4306:
4305:
4303:
4302:
4297:
4291:
4289:
4283:
4282:
4280:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4268:
4267:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4246:
4245:
4240:
4229:
4227:
4221:
4220:
4218:
4217:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4189:
4187:
4181:
4180:
4178:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4151:
4150:
4143:Capital region
4140:
4135:
4134:
4133:
4124:
4122:
4116:
4115:
4113:
4112:
4109:Roman province
4105:
4098:
4092:
4090:
4084:
4083:
4081:
4080:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4057:
4055:
4049:
4048:
4046:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4034:
4033:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3992:
3990:
3984:
3983:
3981:
3980:
3977:Indian reserve
3974:
3967:
3965:
3961:
3960:
3958:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3941:
3939:
3933:
3932:
3930:
3929:
3927:Urban district
3924:
3923:
3922:
3912:
3911:
3910:
3900:
3899:
3898:
3893:
3885:
3880:
3878:Rural district
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3854:
3853:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3802:
3800:
3794:
3793:
3791:
3790:
3784:
3782:
3776:
3775:
3773:
3772:
3766:
3764:
3758:
3757:
3755:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3743:
3742:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3706:
3704:
3698:
3697:
3695:
3694:
3689:
3683:
3681:
3675:
3674:
3672:
3671:
3664:
3657:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3629:
3627:
3621:
3620:
3618:
3617:
3610:
3604:
3602:
3596:
3595:
3590:
3588:
3582:
3581:
3579:
3578:
3573:
3571:County borough
3567:
3565:
3559:
3558:
3556:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3529:
3527:
3519:
3518:
3515:
3504:
3503:
3498:
3491:
3490:
3484:
3482:
3481:
3474:
3467:
3459:
3450:
3449:
3447:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3325:
3322:
3321:
3315:
3313:
3312:
3305:
3298:
3290:
3284:
3283:
3266:
3260:
3247:
3241:
3226:
3225:External links
3223:
3222:
3221:
3211:
3196:
3190:
3175:
3169:
3154:
3148:
3133:
3118:
3111:
3099:(2): 291â308.
3084:
3078:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3055:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3015:
3014:
2995:
2975:
2945:
2918:
2892:
2885:
2853:
2834:
2815:
2781:(3): 461â489.
2755:
2742:
2718:(4): 439â466.
2702:
2661:
2628:(2): 311â344.
2612:
2601:(2): 109â125.
2585:
2578:
2557:
2538:(8): 556â566.
2522:
2503:
2483:
2464:
2444:
2425:(2): 117â136.
2409:
2390:
2370:
2347:
2320:
2290:
2264:
2223:
2216:
2190:
2176:
2156:
2137:
2125:
2113:
2091:
2069:
2046:
2034:
2015:
1996:
1985:
1974:
1961:
1945:
1938:
1914:
1884:
1853:
1834:
1814:
1807:
1787:
1769:
1762:
1739:
1718:Yoram Dinstein
1709:
1680:
1673:
1644:
1637:
1611:
1600:(3): 405â418.
1584:
1565:
1532:
1521:(5): 463â469.
1505:
1479:
1447:
1417:
1410:
1392:
1383:
1363:
1344:(4): 645â664.
1328:
1321:
1303:
1296:
1270:
1259:. 26 June 1945
1244:
1209:
1174:
1161:(2): 133â151.
1141:
1122:
1116:. p. 64.
1098:
1080:
1078:
1077:
1063:(1): 178â185.
1052:
1043:
1027:
1000:
980:
978:
977:
965:
950:
921:
910:(2): 353â368.
893:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
879:
874:
868:
866:Princely state
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
833:
828:
823:
818:
808:
803:
798:
793:
788:
783:
778:
772:
771:
770:
756:
740:
737:
722:
719:
706:
703:
689:
686:
677:
674:
668:
665:
656:
653:
640:semi-sovereign
626:
623:
516:
506:
439:
436:
395:Main article:
392:
389:
345:
342:
314:
311:
190:Main article:
187:
184:
153:
152:
111:
109:
102:
96:
93:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5296:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5271:
5269:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5228:
5227:
5225:
5219:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5149:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5133:
5130:
5129:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5091:
5089:
5085:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5062:
5059:
5058:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4995:
4992:
4991:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4953:
4950:
4949:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4929:
4928:Kommun/Kunta
4927:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4879:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4816:
4814:
4810:
4806:
4799:
4795:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4752:Roman diocese
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4694:
4692:
4688:
4682:
4679:
4675:
4672:
4671:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4643:
4640:
4639:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4592:Neighbourhood
4590:
4588:
4585:
4581:
4578:
4577:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4539:
4536:
4535:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4487:
4484:
4483:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4471:Alpine resort
4469:
4468:
4466:
4462:
4458:
4451:
4447:
4431:
4428:
4427:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4406:
4403:
4402:
4401:
4398:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4380:
4378:
4377:
4375:
4371:
4363:
4360:
4359:
4357:
4355:
4354:Regional unit
4352:
4351:
4349:
4345:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4315:
4313:
4311:
4307:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4292:
4290:
4288:
4284:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4266:
4263:
4262:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4235:
4234:
4231:
4230:
4228:
4226:
4222:
4216:
4215:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4203:Federal state
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4190:
4188:
4186:
4182:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4149:
4146:
4145:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4132:
4129:
4128:
4126:
4125:
4123:
4121:
4117:
4111:
4110:
4106:
4104:
4103:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4093:
4091:
4089:
4085:
4079:
4078:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4066:Subprefecture
4064:
4062:
4059:
4058:
4056:
4054:
4050:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4032:
4029:
4028:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3993:
3991:
3989:
3985:
3978:
3975:
3972:
3969:
3968:
3966:
3962:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3942:
3940:
3938:
3934:
3928:
3925:
3921:
3918:
3917:
3916:
3913:
3909:
3906:
3905:
3904:
3901:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3888:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3852:
3849:
3848:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3836:Land district
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3811:City district
3809:
3807:
3804:
3803:
3801:
3799:
3795:
3789:
3786:
3785:
3783:
3781:
3777:
3771:
3768:
3767:
3765:
3763:
3759:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3741:
3738:
3737:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3707:
3705:
3703:
3699:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3684:
3682:
3680:
3676:
3670:
3669:
3665:
3663:
3662:
3658:
3656:
3655:
3654:Imperial city
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3630:
3628:
3626:
3622:
3616:
3615:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3605:
3603:
3601:
3597:
3593:
3589:
3587:
3583:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3568:
3566:
3564:
3560:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3530:
3528:
3524:
3520:
3513:
3509:
3505:
3501:
3500:English terms
3496:
3492:
3488:
3480:
3475:
3473:
3468:
3466:
3461:
3460:
3457:
3445:
3444:Welfare state
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3359:Confederation
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3326:
3323:
3319:
3311:
3306:
3304:
3299:
3297:
3292:
3291:
3288:
3280:
3279:
3273:
3272:"State"
3267:
3264:
3261:
3258:
3254:
3251:
3248:
3245:
3242:
3239:
3235:
3232:
3229:
3228:
3224:
3220:
3216:
3212:
3209:
3205:
3201:
3197:
3193:
3191:9781349860760
3187:
3183:
3182:
3176:
3172:
3170:9781107609433
3166:
3162:
3161:
3155:
3151:
3145:
3141:
3140:
3134:
3131:
3130:0-19-825402-4
3127:
3123:
3119:
3116:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3085:
3081:
3075:
3071:
3070:
3064:
3063:
3059:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3032:
3031:
3025:
3024:
3019:
3002:
2998:
2996:9780262012041
2992:
2989:. MIT Press.
2988:
2987:
2979:
2976:
2963:
2959:
2955:
2949:
2946:
2941:
2937:
2934:(1): 79â106.
2933:
2929:
2922:
2919:
2906:
2902:
2896:
2893:
2888:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2873:
2866:
2862:
2857:
2854:
2850:
2845:
2843:
2841:
2839:
2835:
2830:
2826:
2819:
2816:
2800:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2780:
2776:
2769:
2762:
2760:
2756:
2752:
2746:
2743:
2739:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2706:
2703:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2672:
2665:
2662:
2657:
2651:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2616:
2613:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2589:
2586:
2581:
2575:
2571:
2564:
2562:
2558:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2526:
2523:
2510:
2506:
2500:
2496:
2495:
2487:
2484:
2471:
2467:
2461:
2457:
2456:
2448:
2445:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2413:
2410:
2397:
2393:
2387:
2383:
2382:
2374:
2371:
2358:
2351:
2348:
2335:
2331:
2324:
2321:
2308:
2305:. July 2008.
2304:
2300:
2294:
2291:
2278:
2274:
2268:
2265:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2234:
2227:
2224:
2219:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2194:
2191:
2179:
2173:
2169:
2168:
2160:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2146:
2141:
2138:
2134:
2129:
2126:
2122:
2117:
2114:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2095:
2092:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2073:
2070:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2050:
2047:
2043:
2038:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2024:
2019:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2005:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1989:
1986:
1983:
1978:
1975:
1971:
1965:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1949:
1946:
1941:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1926:
1918:
1915:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1888:
1885:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1857:
1854:
1841:
1837:
1835:9781107609433
1831:
1827:
1826:
1818:
1815:
1810:
1804:
1800:
1799:
1791:
1788:
1784:
1781:
1778:
1773:
1770:
1765:
1759:
1755:
1754:
1746:
1744:
1740:
1737:
1733:
1730:
1727:
1726:0-7923-0450-0
1723:
1719:
1713:
1710:
1707:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1697:92-3-102716-6
1694:
1690:
1684:
1681:
1676:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1651:
1649:
1645:
1640:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1615:
1612:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1588:
1585:
1580:
1576:
1569:
1566:
1550:
1546:
1545:www.ohchr.org
1542:
1536:
1533:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1509:
1506:
1493:
1489:
1483:
1480:
1464:
1457:
1451:
1448:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1421:
1418:
1413:
1407:
1403:
1396:
1393:
1387:
1384:
1379:
1375:
1367:
1364:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1332:
1329:
1324:
1318:
1314:
1307:
1304:
1299:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1274:
1271:
1258:
1254:
1248:
1245:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1213:
1210:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1178:
1175:
1169:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1145:
1142:
1129:
1125:
1123:9781107609433
1119:
1115:
1111:
1110:
1102:
1099:
1094:
1087:
1085:
1081:
1075:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1053:
1050:
1046:
1040:
1036:
1035:
1030:"sovereign",
1028:
1025:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
998:
994:
989:
988:
984:
981:
975:
971:
966:
962:
959:
953:
947:
943:
938:
937:
930:
929:
925:
922:
917:
913:
909:
905:
898:
895:
888:
883:
878:
875:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
856:Unitary state
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
816:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
773:
768:
762:
757:
754:
748:
743:
738:
736:
733:
729:
720:
718:
716:
712:
704:
702:
698:
696:
695:Documentality
687:
685:
683:
675:
673:
666:
664:
662:
654:
652:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
624:
621:
619:
615:
611:
607:
602:
599:
597:
596:post-colonial
593:
587:
585:
584:
579:
574:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
531:
521:
514:
510:
507:
505:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
478:
473:
467:
465:
461:
457:
452:
445:
437:
435:
433:
432:
427:
422:
419:
415:
413:
408:
404:
398:
390:
387:
382:
380:
375:
371:
369:
364:
360:
355:
351:
343:
341:
339:
334:
331:
325:
320:
312:
310:
307:
301:
298:
294:
293:John Marshall
290:
289:
284:
280:
276:
272:
267:
265:
261:
255:
251:
249:
245:
241:
237:
236:
231:
226:
224:
220:
215:
209:
207:
203:
199:
193:
185:
183:
181:
176:
171:
169:
165:
161:
149:
146:
138:
128:
124:
118:
117:
112:This section
110:
106:
101:
100:
94:
92:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
65:
63:
59:
55:
51:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
5223:
5144:Maalaiskunta
5104:Heerlijkheid
4944:LĂ€n (Sweden)
4612:Protectorate
4607:Principality
4528:Constituency
4417:Neutral zone
4213:
4212:
4107:
4100:
4075:
3988:Municipality
3666:
3659:
3652:
3638:Charter city
3612:
3543:Special area
3533:Insular area
3428:
3414:Principality
3404:Pariah state
3389:Nation state
3354:Client state
3276:
3214:
3199:
3180:
3159:
3138:
3121:
3114:
3096:
3092:
3068:
3047:. Retrieved
3029:
3005:. Retrieved
2985:
2978:
2966:. Retrieved
2957:
2948:
2931:
2927:
2921:
2909:. Retrieved
2895:
2871:
2864:
2856:
2851:, p. 71
2828:
2824:
2818:
2808:16 September
2806:. Retrieved
2799:the original
2778:
2774:
2750:
2745:
2715:
2711:
2705:
2693:. Retrieved
2686:the original
2681:
2677:
2664:
2650:cite journal
2625:
2621:
2615:
2598:
2594:
2588:
2569:
2535:
2531:
2525:
2513:. Retrieved
2493:
2486:
2474:. Retrieved
2454:
2447:
2422:
2418:
2412:
2400:. Retrieved
2380:
2373:
2361:. Retrieved
2359:. EurasiaNet
2350:
2338:. Retrieved
2334:the original
2323:
2311:. Retrieved
2293:
2281:. Retrieved
2267:
2255:. Retrieved
2248:the original
2243:
2239:
2226:
2199:
2193:
2181:. Retrieved
2166:
2159:
2140:
2128:
2116:
2103:
2094:
2081:
2072:
2059:
2049:
2037:
2018:
1999:
1988:
1977:
1964:
1948:
1924:
1917:
1905:. Retrieved
1896:
1887:
1875:. Retrieved
1873:(3): 400â410
1870:
1866:
1856:
1844:. Retrieved
1824:
1817:
1797:
1790:
1779:
1772:
1752:
1712:
1688:
1683:
1656:
1620:
1614:
1597:
1593:
1587:
1578:
1568:
1556:. Retrieved
1544:
1535:
1518:
1514:
1508:
1496:. Retrieved
1492:the original
1482:
1470:. Retrieved
1450:
1438:. Retrieved
1429:
1420:
1401:
1395:
1386:
1377:
1373:
1366:
1341:
1337:
1331:
1312:
1306:
1279:
1273:
1261:. Retrieved
1256:
1247:
1222:
1218:
1212:
1187:
1183:
1177:
1158:
1154:
1144:
1132:. Retrieved
1108:
1101:
1092:
1072:
1060:
1056:
1048:
1031:
1023:
1016:, retrieved
1007:
996:
992:
983:
973:
969:
955:
935:
924:
907:
903:
897:
796:Failed state
767:World portal
731:
724:
713:philosopher
708:
699:
691:
679:
670:
658:
647:
639:
635:
631:
628:
603:
600:
589:
581:
577:
575:
570:
566:
558:
538:
534:
528:
526:
512:
508:
468:
456:seized power
447:
428:
423:
420:
416:
402:
400:
384:
376:
372:
368:great powers
349:
347:
335:
330:Czechoslovak
326:
322:
302:
286:
282:
268:
259:
256:
252:
233:
227:
210:
198:nation-state
195:
172:
156:
141:
132:
121:Please help
116:verification
113:
66:
52:
42:or ultimate
31:
29:
5284:Sovereignty
5139:Landskommun
5031:SavivaldybÄ
4897:Switzerland
4892:South Tyrol
4772:Viceroyalty
4565:Governorate
4523:Condominium
4426:Trade zone
4300:Market town
4295:Census town
4193:Proto-state
4165:Microregion
3730:County town
3725:County seat
3592:Half-canton
3399:Quasi-state
3049:17 November
3007:16 November
2968:16 November
2911:17 November
2775:Geopolitics
1897:www.oas.org
1498:21 November
1472:21 November
1440:21 November
1018:21 February
1004:"sovereign"
861:Quasi-state
715:Georg Hegel
682:ontological
565:to be only
555:Axis powers
500:(OTS), the
496:(ECO), the
492:(OIC), the
313:Recognition
219:H. V. Evatt
40:sovereignty
5268:Categories
5087:Historical
5051:ShahrestÄn
4994:Autonomous
4742:Presidency
4690:Historical
4659:Suzerainty
4642:Autonomous
4486:Autonomous
4208:Free state
4198:City-state
4160:Mesoregion
4053:Prefecture
3780:Department
3424:Rump state
3374:Federation
3344:City-state
2183:5 February
1955:, p.
1380:: 85â142 .
1134:19 January
884:References
583:EurasiaNet
580:state for
442:See also:
317:See also:
279:Jean Bodin
235:jus cogens
5128:Landskap
5124:LÀn/LÀÀni
5078:Vingtaine
5046:Seniƫnija
5036:Selsoviet
5011:Poblacion
4948:Landskap
4878:Gemeinde
4869:Freguesia
4824:Apskritis
4747:Residency
4712:Exarchate
4654:Sultanate
4545:Eldership
4476:Bailiwick
4225:Territory
4175:Subregion
3920:in the US
3752:Viscounty
3679:Community
3316:Types of
3198:RaiÄ, D.
3039:43450205M
2738:full text
2732:145248100
2439:153926665
2363:4 January
2340:4 January
2313:4 January
2283:4 January
2257:4 January
1953:Shaw 2003
1846:13 August
1358:150817547
1239:145809847
889:Citations
504:, etc.).
377:In 1912,
363:Final Act
208:in 1648.
48:territory
44:authority
5229:See also
4964:Maakunta
4959:LocalitĂ
4904:Gemeente
4864:Frazione
4834:Barangay
4664:Townland
4602:Precinct
4587:Muftiate
4538:District
4498:Cadastre
4310:Township
4088:Province
3979:(Canada)
3937:Division
3798:District
3419:Republic
3409:Politeia
3339:Chiefdom
3253:Archived
3234:Archived
3043:Archived
3001:Archived
2962:Archived
2905:Archived
2795:67844415
2509:Archived
2470:Archived
2396:Archived
2307:Archived
2277:Archived
2148:Archived
2108:Archived
2086:Archived
2064:Archived
2026:Archived
2007:Archived
1907:11 March
1901:Archived
1840:Archived
1732:Archived
1702:Archived
1549:Archived
1527:25722375
1463:Archived
1434:Archived
1204:26626701
1128:Archived
1012:archived
916:24357595
739:See also
711:Idealist
636:de facto
578:de facto
567:de facto
559:de facto
535:de facto
509:De facto
451:Rhodesia
266:]."
135:May 2023
5224:italics
5184:Satrapy
5169:Pargana
5094:Commote
4952:Finland
4932:Finland
4924:Kampong
4914:Hromada
4887:Germany
4882:Austria
4854:Comarca
4812:Current
4767:Tithing
4737:Monthon
4722:Hundred
4669:Village
4622:Regency
4617:Quarter
4550:Emirate
4518:Commune
4508:Circuit
4464:Current
3762:Country
3600:Capital
3563:Borough
3439:Warlord
3384:Kingdom
3379:Khanate
3020:Sources
2642:3877860
2540:Bibcode
2515:7 March
2476:7 March
2402:7 March
1558:2 March
1263:2 March
571:de jure
539:de jure
530:de jure
513:de jure
295:of the
221:of the
95:History
46:over a
5199:Syssel
5189:Socken
5157:Greece
5132:Sweden
5119:Korale
5114:Köping
5109:Komunë
5073:Tehsil
4989:Oblast
4937:Sweden
4859:Comune
4844:Bezirk
4839:Bashki
4829:Bakhsh
4702:Barony
4697:Agency
4674:Summer
4637:Sector
4632:Riding
4597:Parish
4570:Hamlet
4513:Colony
4503:Circle
4481:Banner
4120:Region
3702:County
3586:Canton
3369:Empire
3206:
3188:
3167:
3146:
3128:
3076:
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