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In the 1970s, birth rates declined again. Economic pressure on families remained, and people began to seek ways to circumvent the decree. Wealthier women were able to obtain contraceptives illegally or to bribe doctors to give diagnoses which made abortion possible. Especially among the less educated
178:(TFR) increased from 1.9 to 3.7. The generation born in 1967 and 1968 was the largest in Romanian history. Thousands of nursery schools were built. As the children got older, their needs were not properly met. There were cases where lectures were shortened to enable three school shifts. In schools, a
304:
The actual violence of the revolution can be attributed to divisions among the ruling and military/secret police and the vacuum of power that resulted. Revolutions are often observed to come in waves, and it is believed by some authors that
Romania would have experienced violent revolution no matter
279:
would have been 22 years old, in the general age range of most revolutionaries. Levitt and Dubner note that
Romania was the only east-European communist country with strict anti-abortion and anti-contraception laws at the time, and the only country whose ruler was violently overthrown and killed at
321:
Although in the early 1990s, shortly after abortion was legalized, the abortion rate was very high, it decreased strongly as more couples started using contraception, and the economy also started to improve after the instability of the transition. The chart presented shows data from the
115:, high participation of women in the workforce, and a low standard of living, the number of births significantly decreased after the 1950s, reaching its lowest recorded level in 1966. Romanian leaders interpreted the decreasing number of births to be a result of the 1957 decree that
266:: the argument that children who are born after their mothers are refused an abortion are much more likely to commit crimes or refuse to recognize authority when they reach adulthood. They further argue that the Decreței are exactly the same people who spearheaded the
240:, because their parents could not cope with looking after them. The vast majority of children who lived in the state-run orphanages were not actually orphans, like the name implies, but simply children whose parents could not afford to look after them.
206:
among pregnant women became the highest in Europe during the reign of Ceaușescu. While the childbed mortality rate kept declining over the years in neighboring countries, in
Romania it increased to more than ten times that of its neighbors.
126:
decided that the country's population should be increased from 20 million to 30 million inhabitants. In
October 1966, Decree 770 was personally sanctioned by Ceaușescu. Abortion and contraception were declared illegal, except for:
292:
rule that would promote violent reaction instead of peaceful transition, including a lack of associational life and legal gatherings, a more extensive system of informants and special police than any state other than
90:
The birth and death rate in
Romania from 1950 to 2050. Decree 770 was signed by Nicolae Ceaușescu in 1967. The birthrate surged in 1967. It returned to its previous trend, as people found ways to circumvent the
698:
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and poorer women there were many unwanted pregnancies. These women could only use primitive methods of abortion, which led to infection, sterility or even their own death. The
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585:
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was refocused primarily on the benefits of motherhood, including the ostensible satisfaction of being a heroic mother who gives her homeland many children.
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To enforce the decree, society was strictly controlled. Contraceptives were removed from sale and all women were required to be monitored monthly by a
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Although abortion in
Romania was legalized and the abortion rates were very high, they decreased strongly as more couples started using contraception.
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of over 40 children per class became frequent. When, after the revolution, lots of businesses closed or shrank their workforce,
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288:. Most other such countries experienced a tumultuous, but peaceful, transition. There were however other aspects of
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654:"The 1966 law concerning prohibition of abortion in Romania and its consequences - the fate of one generation"
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The 1966 law concerning prohibition of abortion in
Romania and its consequences: The fate of one generation
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Many children born in this period became malnourished, were severely physically disabled, or ended up in
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348:(born in 1968 under the decree). It follows two unmarried students who try to abort a pregnancy.
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Nationalism and
Communism in Romania: The Rise and Fall of Ceausescu's Personal Dictatorship
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women whose life would be threatened by carrying to term, due to medical complications.
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methods was poor, abortion became the foremost method of
Romanian family planning.
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174:. Between 1966 and 1967 the number of births almost doubled, and the estimated
237:
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49:, and was intended to create a new and large Romanian population. The term
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policy was one of the most liberal in Europe. Because the availability of
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women who had already borne four children (later raised to five).
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Children of the decree (Das
Experiment 770: Gebären auf Befehl)
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born during the time period immediately following the decree.
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The decree was abolished on 26 December 1989, days after the
131:
women over 45 (later lowered to 40, then raised again to 45).
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where Ceaușescu's regime was violently overthrown in 1989.
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policy is that large numbers of children ended up living in
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Consiliul Frontului Salvarii Nationale (26 December 1989).
157:. Any detected pregnancies were followed until birth. The
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This article, or a previous version, was translated from
516:"BBC NEWS - Europe - What happened to Romania's orphans?"
656:, Manuela Lataianu, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw
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the article "Decreet 770" on the Dutch Knowledge (XXG)
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To counter this sharp decline in the birth rate, the
643:. This Dutch article used the following sources:
170:The direct consequence of the decree was a huge
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140:women who were pregnant through rape and/or
699:People in the Socialist Republic of Romania
578:"Legally induced abortions by mother's age"
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184:the latest hires were fired preferentially
422:"Decretul 770/1966 - Legislatie gratuita"
326:for years between 1990 and 2010 and from
161:kept a close eye on hospital procedures.
650:, German movie from 2004 by Florin Iepan
312:
392:
557:. St Martin's Press, 1999, p. xi, 2–3
401:"DECRET Nr. 770 din 1 octombrie 1966"
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555:Revolutions and Revolutionary Waves
381:Legalized abortion and crime effect
264:Legalized abortion and crime effect
111:Through a combination of Romania's
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330:for data between 2011 and 2018.
324:National Institute of Statistics
41:, signed in 1967. It restricted
618:from the original on 2020-06-27
588:from the original on 2012-11-11
212:care under grievous conditions
1:
301:built up around the leader.
232:A consequence of Ceaușescu's
341:4 Months, 3 Weeks and 2 Days
79:) is used to refer to those
403:. Romanian Justice Ministry
344:is a 2007 film directed by
305:its demographic situation.
197:Circumvention and mortality
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709:Romanian words and phrases
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100:Before 1968, the Romanian
453:Manuela Lataianu (2002),
370:Tales from the Golden Age
214:, which led to a rise in
719:Legal history of Romania
27:Romanian natalist decree
694:Demographics of Romania
490:"Decretul-lege 1/1989"
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63:
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612:ec.europa.eu/eurostat
608:"Abortion indicators"
582:ec.europa.eu/eurostat
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180:student–teacher ratio
113:postwar modernization
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37:of Romanian dictator
544:Westview Press, 1990
376:Tax on childlessness
273:In 1989, the oldest
176:total fertility rate
96:Origin of the decree
35:communist government
33:was a decree of the
724:Abortion in Romania
364:Abortion in Romania
309:Abortion after 1990
299:cult of personality
268:Romanian revolution
244:Romanian revolution
191:Romanian Revolution
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117:legalized abortion
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704:Romanian children
260:Stephen J. Dubner
59:Romanian language
39:Nicolae Ceaușescu
16:(Redirected from
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620:. Retrieved
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590:. Retrieved
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553:Katz, Mark.
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426:www.legex.ro
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262:discuss the
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155:gynecologist
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149:Enforcement
67:, meaning "
683:Categories
668:"decrețel"
476:Q108740476
407:2022-07-11
387:References
254:, authors
238:orphanages
57:(from the
31:Decree 770
672:dexonline
204:mortality
172:baby boom
81:Romanians
714:Natalism
616:Archived
586:Archived
494:Legex.ro
472:Wikidata
468:51754999
359:Natalism
353:See also
328:Eurostat
297:, and a
286:Cold War
276:decreței
234:natalist
102:abortion
75:decrețel
53:decreței
43:abortion
18:Decreței
734:Decrees
635:Sources
622:24 June
592:24 June
526:19 July
431:19 July
334:In film
284:of the
91:decree.
474:
466:
142:incest
69:decree
64:decret
464:S2CID
460:(PDF)
61:word
624:2020
594:2020
528:2017
502:2021
433:2017
280:the
258:and
45:and
282:end
685::
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441:^
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20:)
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