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With the understanding of the processes of emission line formation in the early 20th century it became clear that these lines in Be stars must come from circumstellar material ejected from the star helped by the rapid rotation of the star. All the observational characteristics of Be stars can now be
158:
Some Be stars exhibit spectral features that are interpreted as a detached "shell" of gas surrounding the star, or more accurately a disc or ring. These shell features are thought to be caused when the disc of gas that is present around many Be stars is aligned edge on to us so that it creates very
144:
explained with a gaseous disk that is formed of material ejected from the star. The infrared excess and the polarization result from the scattering of stellar light in the disk, while the line emission is formed by re-processing stellar ultraviolet light in the gaseous disc.
131:, the first star ever observed with emission lines. Many other bright stars were found to show similar spectra, although many of these are no longer considered to be classical Be stars. The brightest is
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when a transient or variable disk is observed. Be stars that show variability without clear indication of the mechanism are listed simply as BE in the
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lines in emission. These are sometimes referred to as classical Be stars. The emission lines may be present only at certain times.
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Although the Be type spectrum is most strongly produced in class B stars, it is also detected in O and A
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312:"Schreiben des Herrn Prof.Secchi, Dir. Der Sternwarte des Collegio Romano, an den Herausgeber"
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Be stars are often visually and spectroscopically variable. Be stars can be classified as
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Rivinius, Thomas; Carciofi, Alex C.; Martayan, Christophe (2013). "Classical Be stars".
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Struve, Otto (1931). "On the Origin of Bright Lines in
Spectra of Stars of Class B".
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Many stars have B-type spectra and show hydrogen emission lines, including many
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and emission lines. A narrower definition, sometimes referred to as
433:"The influence of rotation and stellar winds upon the Be phenomenon"
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392:"Evidence for mass loss at moderate to high velocity in Be stars"
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B star whose spectrum has, or had at some time, one or more
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Merrill, P. W.; Humason, M. L.; Burwell, C. G. (1925).
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351:"Discovery and Observations of Stars of Class Be"
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510:Slettebak, A. (1976). Slettebak, Arne (ed.).
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123:The first star recognized as a Be star was
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205:Porter, John M.; Rivinius, Thomas (2003).
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159:narrow absorption lines in the spectrum.
390:Snow, T. P.; Marlborough, J. M. (1976).
52:are a heterogeneous set of stars with B
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251:The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review
7:
437:Astronomical Society of the Pacific
183:General Catalogue of Variable Stars
25:
557:"Be Star Spectra (BeSS) Database"
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1:
1981:Timeline of stellar astronomy
545:Hot and Active Stars Research
72:Definition and classification
549:Article from Olivier Thizy:
1641:Hertzsprung–Russell diagram
179:Gamma Cassiopeiae variables
27:In astronomy, a B-type star
2133:
1555:Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism
543:Philippe Stee's homepage:
169:Gamma Cassiopeiae variable
166:
151:
29:
2064:
818:
605:
520:10.1007/978-94-010-1498-4
316:Astronomische Nachrichten
281:10.1007/s00159-013-0069-0
1934:With multiple exoplanets
336:10.1002/asna.18670680405
187:Lambda Eridani variables
30:Not to be confused with
720:Asymptotic giant branch
273:2013A&ARv..21...69R
173:Lambda Eridani variable
107:stars, but a number of
45:, the brightest Be star
2056:Tidal disruption event
1545:Circumstellar envelope
779:Luminous blue variable
46:
1581:Effective temperature
474:Astrophysical Journal
396:Astrophysical Journal
355:Astrophysical Journal
66:Balmer emission lines
40:
2051:Planet-hosting stars
1929:With resolved images
1900:Historical brightest
1830:Photometric-standard
1756:Solar radio emission
1550:Eddington luminosity
1330:Triple-alpha process
1268:Thorne–Żytkow object
643:Young stellar object
207:"Classical Be Stars"
84:, mass-transferring
1875:Highest temperature
1646:Color–color diagram
1511:Protoplanetary disk
1315:Proton–proton chain
993:Chemically peculiar
486:1931ApJ....73...94S
449:1975PASP...87..777M
408:1976ApJ...203L..87S
367:1925ApJ....61..389M
328:1866AN.....68...63S
310:Secchi, A. (1867).
223:2003PASP..115.1153P
127:, observed 1866 by
115:are also included.
1880:Lowest temperature
1631:Photometric system
1601:Absolute magnitude
1535:Circumstellar dust
1148:Stellar black hole
784:Stellar population
670:Herbig–Haro object
512:Be and Shell Stars
431:Massa, D. (1975).
82:Herbig Ae/Be stars
58:classical Be stars
47:
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1997:Substellar object
1976:Planetary nebulae
1395:Luminous red nova
1305:Deuterium burning
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774:Instability strip
754:Wolf-Rayet nebula
708:Horizontal branch
653:Pre-main-sequence
529:978-94-010-1498-4
125:Gamma Cassiopeiae
16:(Redirected from
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2086:Stars portal
2084:
2083:
2072:
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1728:Planetary system
1651:Strömgren sphere
1523:Asteroseismology
1244:Black hole star
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742:Planetary nebula
703:Red-giant branch
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2117:1866 in science
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1954:Milky Way novae
1890:Smallest volume
1834:
1815:Radial velocity
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1684:Common envelope
1660:
1559:
1528:Helioseismology
1499:Bipolar outflow
1440:Microturbulence
1435:Convection zone
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1310:Lithium burning
1297:Nucleosynthesis
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633:Molecular cloud
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561:basebe.obspm.fr
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504:Further reading
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167:Main articles:
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1885:Largest volume
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811:Classification
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538:External links
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152:Main article:
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86:binary systems
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2046:Intergalactic
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1028:Lambda Boötis
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
995:
994:
991:
989:
986:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
968:
967:
964:
960:
957:
956:
955:
952:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
934:
933:
930:
928:
925:
921:
918:
916:
913:
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871:
867:
864:
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859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
833:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
820:
817:
814:
812:
808:
800:
797:
795:
794:Superluminous
792:
791:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
748:
745:
744:
743:
740:
738:
735:
731:
728:
726:
723:
722:
721:
718:
714:
711:
710:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
698:Main sequence
696:
695:
693:
691:
687:
681:
678:
676:
675:Hayashi track
673:
671:
668:
664:
661:
659:
656:
654:
651:
649:
646:
645:
644:
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
625:
623:
621:
617:
611:
608:
607:
604:
600:
593:
588:
586:
581:
579:
574:
573:
570:
562:
558:
554:
552:
548:
546:
542:
541:
537:
531:
525:
521:
517:
513:
508:
507:
503:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
468:
465:
459:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
427:
424:
418:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
386:
383:
377:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
345:
342:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
306:
303:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
265:
260:
256:
252:
245:
243:
239:
233:
228:
224:
220:
217:(812): 1153.
216:
212:
208:
201:
198:
192:
190:
188:
184:
180:
174:
170:
162:
160:
155:
147:
145:
138:
136:
134:
130:
129:Angelo Secchi
126:
118:
116:
114:
110:
106:
105:main sequence
102:
97:
95:
94:Balmer series
91:
87:
83:
79:
71:
69:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
44:
41:Depiction of
39:
33:
19:
1949:White dwarfs
1939:Brown dwarfs
1922:Most distant
1870:Most massive
1848:Proper names
1808:Photographic
1761:Solar System
1739:observations
1666:Star systems
1489:Stellar wind
1472:Chromosphere
1445:Oscillations
1325:Helium flash
1175:Hypothetical
1153:X-ray binary
1092:Compact star
1044:
927:Bright giant
680:Henyey track
658:Herbig Ae/Be
560:
511:
477:
473:
467:
440:
436:
426:
399:
395:
385:
358:
354:
344:
322:(4): 63–64.
319:
315:
305:
254:
250:
214:
210:
200:
176:
157:
142:
122:
98:
75:
57:
49:
48:
2002:Brown dwarf
1778:Circumpolar
1656:Kraft break
1636:Color index
1611:Metallicity
1571:Designation
1540:Cosmic dust
1462:Photosphere
1228:Dark-energy
1203:Electroweak
1188:Black dwarf
1119:Radio-quiet
1102:White dwarf
988:White dwarf
638:Bok globule
163:Variability
148:Shell stars
113:giant stars
101:shell stars
78:supergiants
60:, is a non-
2107:Star types
2101:Categories
1964:Candidates
1959:Supernovae
1944:Red dwarfs
1803:Extinction
1591:Kinematics
1586:Luminosity
1564:Properties
1457:Atmosphere
1355:Si burning
1345:Ne burning
1283:White hole
1256:Quasi-star
1183:Blue dwarf
1038:Technetium
954:Hypergiant
932:Supergiant
193:References
154:Shell star
62:supergiant
1895:Brightest
1793:Magnitude
1773:Pole star
1694:Symbiotic
1689:Eclipsing
1621:Starlight
1422:Structure
1412:Supernova
1405:Micronova
1400:Recurrent
1385:Symbiotic
1370:p-process
1365:r-process
1360:s-process
1350:O burning
1340:C burning
1320:CNO cycle
1263:Gravastar
799:Hypernova
789:Supernova
764:Dredge-up
737:Blue loop
730:super-AGB
713:Red clump
690:Evolution
648:Protostar
628:Accretion
620:Formation
297:118652497
289:0935-4956
264:1310.3962
257:(1): 69.
119:Discovery
109:subgiants
2112:Be stars
2074:Category
1969:Remnants
1865:Extremes
1825:Parallax
1798:Apparent
1788:Asterism
1766:Sunlight
1716:Globular
1701:Multiple
1626:Variable
1616:Rotation
1576:Dynamics
1467:Starspot
1141:Magnetar
1084:Remnants
900:Subgiant
873:Subdwarf
725:post-AGB
551:Be Stars
133:Achernar
50:Be stars
43:Achernar
2041:Gravity
1990:Related
1910:Nearest
1858:Chinese
1706:Cluster
1679:Contact
1516:Proplyd
1390:Remnant
1278:Blitzar
1252:Hawking
1208:Strange
1158:Burster
1114:Neutron
1067:Extreme
1018:He-weak
663:T Tauri
482:Bibcode
445:Bibcode
443:: 777.
404:Bibcode
402:: L87.
363:Bibcode
361:: 389.
324:Bibcode
269:Bibcode
219:Bibcode
90:B stars
2031:Galaxy
2019:Planet
2007:Desert
1915:bright
1853:Arabic
1674:Binary
1494:Bubble
1218:Planck
1193:Exotic
1129:Binary
1124:Pulsar
1062:Helium
1023:Barium
966:Carbon
959:Yellow
947:Yellow
920:Yellow
759:PG1159
526:
480:: 94.
295:
287:
88:, and
32:B star
2036:Guest
1840:Lists
1721:Super
1375:Fusor
1248:Black
1233:Quark
1213:Preon
1198:Boson
1134:X-ray
1050:Shell
1003:Ap/Bp
905:Giant
823:Early
769:OH/IR
599:Stars
293:S2CID
259:arXiv
139:Model
1711:Open
1606:Mass
1430:Core
1380:Nova
1273:Iron
1223:Dark
1033:Lead
1013:HgMn
1008:CEMP
937:Blue
910:Blue
828:Late
610:List
524:ISBN
285:ISSN
171:and
111:and
2012:Sub
1746:Sun
1165:SGR
942:Red
915:Red
516:doi
490:doi
453:doi
412:doi
400:203
371:doi
332:doi
277:doi
227:doi
215:115
2103::
1045:Be
998:Am
981:CH
976:CN
895:OB
890:WR
559:.
522:.
514:.
488:.
478:73
476:.
451:.
441:87
439:.
435:.
410:.
398:.
394:.
369:.
359:61
357:.
353:.
330:.
320:68
318:.
314:.
291:.
283:.
275:.
267:.
255:21
253:.
241:^
225:.
213:.
209:.
189:.
80:,
68:.
1238:Q
1057:B
971:S
883:B
878:O
866:M
861:K
856:G
851:F
846:A
841:B
836:O
591:e
584:t
577:v
563:.
532:.
518::
496:.
492::
484::
461:.
455::
447::
420:.
414::
406::
379:.
373::
365::
338:.
334::
326::
299:.
279::
271::
261::
235:.
229::
221::
34:.
20:)
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