Alfred Deakin - Knowledge (XXG)

2743: 2759: 2671: 2001:, as finally enacted in 1900. Deakin was also a delegate to the second Australasian Federal Convention, which opened in Adelaide in March 1897 and concluded in Melbourne in January 1898. He was somewhat out of sympathy with the tendency of the convention, and sided with the majority in only 55 percent of divisions; fewer occasions than all but five delegates. He supported wide taxation powers for the federal government, successfully opposed conservative plans for the indirect election of senators, and attempted to weaken the powers of the 6621: 2175:. Deakin was his presumed successor and faced no significant opposition from the government and its supporters. The only obstacle was his own willingness to take on the role, and he expressed doubts about his suitability for the position in diary entries and letters to friends. He seriously considered allowing William Lyne to take over the government, but Lyne proved unable or unwilling to do so. After cabinet confirmed Barton's appointment to the High Court, Deakin was sworn in as prime minister on 24 September 1903 at 2005:, in particular seeking to prevent it from being able to defeat money bills. He had told the National Australasian Convention of 1891 'To introduce an American Senate into a British constitution is to destroy both'. Deakin often had to reconcile differences and find ways out of apparently impossible difficulties. Between and after these meetings, he travelled through the country addressing public meetings and he was partly responsible for the large majority in Victoria at each referendum. 2888:

judgment & foresight which will enable me to serve my country – guide me and strengthen me, so that I may follow & persuade others to follow the path which shall lead to the elevation of national life & thought & permanence of well-earned prosperity – give me light & truth & influence for the highest & the highest only." As Walter Murdoch pointed out, " believed himself to be inspired, and to have a divine message and mission."

3012: 1213: 2641: 2396: 2318:. He elaborated on his decision-making in an August speech to the National Political League, a newly anti-socialist organisation in Ballarat. His speech did not attack the government on policy grounds but condemned the ALP's principles of caucus solidarity and organisational control over the parliamentary party. He saw himself as a progressive liberal torn between conservative obstructivism on one hand and Labor's materialist collectivism on the other. Two days later 1011: 1735: 1273: 2282: 2929: 2960: 1853: 1506: 6152: 6378: 6270: 2220:, which Deakin hoped would bring Australia closer to Britain and the rest of the Empire. Reid continued to campaign on unrestricted free trade, while the ALP focused on class issues, particularly the need for compulsory arbitration, and was rewarded with large gains in both houses. The final result in the House was an effective three-way tie between Deakin's Liberal Protectionists, Reid's Free Traders, and 2591:. Deakin subsequently sought to enshrine the agreement in the constitution, at the urging of state premiers. This step was seen as unnecessary by many, including within his own party, but a second proposed amendment allowing the federal government to take over state debts was less controversial. Two referendums were held simultaneously with the 1910 federal election, with the state debts amendment being 1518: 2160: 6506: 2328:, published a scathing editorial calling his speech "transcendental musings" and stating he had "lost himself in the clouds amongst politico-philosophical questions" instead of offering substantive leadership. This led to a major falling-out between the two, with Deakin writing to Syme that he had "been more deeply upset by this incident than by any during my political life". 2834: 2504:. He had long opposed the naval agreements to fund Royal Navy protection of Australia although Barton had agreed in 1902 that the Commonwealth would take over such funding from the colonies. In 1906 he announced that Australia would purchase destroyers, and in 1907 travelled to an Imperial Conference in London to discuss the issue, without success. In 1908 he invited 2440: 1982: 49: 1032: 2066: 2751:

ghastlier". The following month, he wrote that "I have now become a mere juggler with myself my helpless attempts to read the riddle of my mind and thought must be frankly abandoned". At her urging, Deakin and his wife left Australia in September 1916 to seek advice from specialists in England and the United States, and also to visit their daughter

2054: 2715:. He had hoped that his symptoms were due to stress and leaving politics would aid his recovery, but instead found that "when I stepped out of Parliament in some mysterious fashion all my memories commenced to die or disappear". Contemporary doctors were unable to give him a clear diagnosis, other than a 1913 opinion of " 2887:

in seeking divine assistance with his career. "A life, the life of Christ", Deakin wrote, "that is the one thing needful – the only revelation required is there... We have but to live it." In 1888, as an example relevant to his work for Federation, Deakin prayed: "Oh God, grant me that

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On 24 June 1905, the weekend before parliament resumed, Deakin delivered a two-hour speech to his constituents in Ballarat. He claimed the pragmatic middle ground for his party, criticising the policies of Labor and the Free Traders as vague and impractical, and further accused Reid of breaking their

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Deakin attempted to resign from cabinet in April 1902, writing two letters of resignation to Barton. The primary cause was his opposition to the government's proposed 50% pay rise for MPs, but his wife had also been in poor health. He wrote to Barton that "my retirement will be a relief from a strain

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reform, protection to encourage manufacturing and the introduction of a land tax to break up the big agricultural estates, and won by 79 votes. Due to a number of voters being disenfranchised by a shortage of voting papers, he used his maiden speech to announce his resignation; he lost the subsequent

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In October 1914, Deakin wrote that he had "no continuity of memory or argument" and relied upon "impressions that fade or are forgotten in a few minutes and often in a few seconds". In November 1915, he wrote that he could remember what he had read for only a few hours and that "no collapse could be

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The final years of Deakin's political career coincided with the early stages of a degenerative neurological condition, with memory loss as the primary feature. In his personal diaries, he meticulously documented his loss of function and increasing anguish at his decline. Other health records suggest

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to fill the two additional seats. The first protective Federal tariff, the Australian Industries Protection Act was passed. This "New Protection" measure attempted to force companies to pay fair wages by setting conditions for tariff protection, although the Commonwealth had no powers over wages and

2125:, which the Senate had twice returned to the House with a series of proposed amendments. In view of the urgent need for government revenue, Deakin successfully convinced the House and his fellow ministers to accept the amendments, but in a way that avoided setting a new constitutional precedent over 2915:

Deakin processed a deep spiritual conviction and read widely on the subject. His daughter Vera Deakin (Lady White) said in a 1960 ABC radio interview "He had tremendously deep religious views, I'm sure of that. He read to us on Sundays from the Bible, from great preachers, and he was deeply, always

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The Watson government fell less than two weeks after Deakin's speech in Ballarat, which may have been taken by Reid as a cue to challenge the status quo. While debating the revived Conciliation and Arbitration Bill, a majority of the Liberal Protectionists joined with the Free Traders in opposing a

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Deakin's motivations for relinquishing office have been debated. He was under no obligation to resign, as the ALP had not intended for the amendment to be treated as a confidence motion. It has been suggested he thought forcing Watson into office unprepared would demonstrate the ALP's weakness as a

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was notable for its blatant racism, including arguing that it was necessary to exclude the Japanese because of their good qualities, which would place them at an advantage over European Australians. His March 1902 speech in favour of the bill establishing the High Court of Australia helped overcome

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as a day-boy. He attended Melbourne Grammar for eight years, where he was a good student without excelling academically. He later recalled that he had been "an incessantly restless, random and at times studiously mischievous pupil", and regretted that he had not been made to work harder. Deakin was

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After the 1910 election, Deakin had less influence than any previous opposition leader, with the ALP holding clear majorities in both houses. His diaries indicate that he would have preferred to resign and retire from politics, but he was asked to stay on in the absence of an obvious successor. He

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of the Liberal Party", many former Protectionists lost their seats, and Deakin himself won by fewer than 500 votes. While there were several factors in Labor's victory, Deakin's perceived hypocrisy in the creation of the Fusion was frequently brought up in the campaign and likely cost the Liberals

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a deep peace had settled far inside : now he felt a 'serenity at the core of my heart.' He wanted to know whether participation in the world's affairs would disturb that serenity... he was tormented by the thought that the emptiness of the man within corresponded with the emptiness of society at

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Deakin sought to form an "understanding" with the ALP during the parliamentary recess after the election, but made little progress. When parliament resumed in March 1904, he introduced a modified Conciliation and Arbitration Bill, but ignored Labor's requests for its provisions to be extended to

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By 1912, Deakin had "lost all zest for public life and was trudging on until he could retire". He made his final speech to parliament on 18 December 1912 and publicly announced his intention to retire on 8 January 1913, after informing Joseph Cook a day earlier. His last action as leader of the

2138:, which established a High Court of three judges. Concessions were made on the number of judges (three rather than five) as well as their salary and pension entitlements. In July 1903, Deakin was tasked with securing the passage of the Conciliation and Arbitration Bill which had been drafted by 2452:

Deakin resumed office in mid-1905, and retained it for three years. During this, the longest and most successful of his terms as prime minister, his government was responsible for much policy and legislation giving shape to the Commonwealth during its first decade, including bills to create an

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He went on to call it "absolutely essential" for the three parties to be reduced to two "as soon as possible", although he stated that he was unsure which parties should merge. Deakin's analogy passed into common usage to describe the unstable party system in the first decade after Federation.

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in 1911, which would have significantly expanded the powers of the federal government. He spent two months campaigning for the "No" vote, visiting every state except Western Australia which turned out to be the only state to vote "Yes". The result was regarded as a triumph for the opposition.

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scheme for industrial disputes, would "bring both employer and employee before the bar of a tribunal which would mete out even-handed justice". However, in early September the government unexpectedly abandoned the bill. The ALP, with the "mischievous support" of the opposition, had passed an

1800:, and was also involved in the Eclectic Society. He spent much of his spare time reading, "from Chaucer to the great writers of his own time". For some time Deakin was "more interested in dreams of being a dramatist, a poet or a philosopher" rather than a lawyer. He wrote numerous works of 2422:

stated that "Mr Deakin's Ballarat speech, read in any light, is a notice to Mr Reid to quit". Although Deakin denied that this interpretation was correct, Reid took it to mean he had withdrawn his support and stated as such in parliament. Deakin then successfully moved an amendment to the

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Deakin maintained an "enigmatic public silence" on the Reid government's actions, particularly during the long parliamentary recess from December 1904 to June 1905. During this time he seriously considered leaving politics. He had been engaged to write monthly anonymous articles for the

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to join the government as attorney-general. The Liberal Protectionists were divided between radicals seeking an alliance with the ALP and anti-socialists seeking an alliance with the Free Traders; Reid continued as leader of the opposition. Despite the party's lack of a majority, the

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Deakin and Forrest negotiated the Financial Agreement of 1909 with the state governments, which distributed surplus federal revenues to the states as per-capita grants and became the model for intergovernmental financial relations. This replaced the interim arrangements provided by

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had been deliberately provocative. Deakin in response made personal attacks on Hughes, comparing him to an "ill-bred urchin one saw dragged from a tart shop kicking, screeching and scratching". He eventually apologised in the House for his reaction. Deakin declined to join the

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did not immediately authorise Watson to seek an alliance, and Deakin instead negotiated a draft agreement with the Free Traders in which Reid would become prime minister. Deakin himself would remain party leader but retire to the backbenches, as he did not wish to be bound by

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has speculated that their mother may have been suffering from a bout of depression or recovering from a stillbirth. The Thompson sisters eventually moved their school to Melbourne, which Deakin continued to attend until the age of seven. In early 1864, he was enrolled at

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described this report as "a remarkable piece of accurate observation, and was immediately reprinted by the United States government". In June 1886, he introduced legislation to nationalise water rights and provide state aid for irrigation works that helped establish

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on 29 October 1903. He called on voters to unite behind "fiscal peace and preferential trade for a White Australia". The "fiscal peace" to which he referred was an end to conflict over the recently enacted tariff, while "preferential trade" referred to the idea of

1918:. In 1885 Deakin secured the passage of the colony's pioneering Factories and Shops Act, enforcing regulation of employment conditions and hours of work. In December 1884 he went to the United States to investigate irrigation, and presented a report in June 1885, 3054:

degree from the University of Cambridge in 1912. Deakin generally only accepted honours when he believed it would advance Australian interests, or if rejection could be taken as an insult. While visiting England as prime minister in 1907, he was made an honorary

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which has been severe at times", and hoped to still assist the government as a backbencher. Barton replied that his departure would "break my heart" and "wreck the ministry". He agreed to drop the proposed pay rise and Deakin agreed to continue as a minister.

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did not require a complete university degree for admission, only passing grades in relevant legal subjects. Deakin was consequently admitted to the bar in September 1877, aged 21, without ever graduating from university. According to his biographer

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Deakin did not call an early election, allowing the parliament to run to its maximum permissible length. He expected a "sweeping victory", anticipating that after being confirmed in office he could complete his legislative agenda, attend the

2383:. In his notebooks he drafted sermons and "weighed the religious against the political life, the preacher against the legislator, and both against the ultimate purpose of existence". Late in 1904, Deakin purchased 7 acres (2.8 ha) at 2261:

state public servants. He believed that the government did not have the constitutional authority to do so, whereas the ALP (and some radicals within his own party) thought the issue should be determined by the High Court. On 22 April,

5277:: "In the fifteen months between April 1904, when he resigned as prime minister, and July 1905, Deakin produced more than four hundred pages of religious writing: prayers, meditations, journals and devotional poetry, including an 2207:

called for mid-December. He was the first prime minister to call an early election, to catch his opponents off guard and take advantage of a large number of urban educated female voters who could cast a ballot for the first time.

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Deakin was almost universally liked, admired and respected by his contemporaries, who called him "Affable Alfred". He made his only real enemies at the time of the Fusion, when not only Labor but also some liberals such as Sir

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in San Francisco. He was offered the role initially by Cook and then by Andrew Fisher, who returned as prime minister in September 1914. The appointment was entirely ceremonial and had the support of both Fisher and his deputy

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1974 – Deakin, Alfred and Murdoch, Walter / La Nauze, J A and Nurser, Elizabeth (eds) "Walter Murdoch and Alfred Deakin on 'Books and Men': Letters and Comments, 1900–1918" Melbourne University Press, Melbourne, 1974.

1617:(ALP). He left office in April 1904 following an unproductive first term but returned in July 1905 and was able to form a functional government with the support of the ALP. He relinquished office again in August 1908. 2742: 6700: 1718:, which began the following year. William Deakin initially struggled to find steady employment, but later became involved with the carrying and coaching trade, transporting people and goods; he was listed as a 5367:

1944 – Deakin, Alfred / Brookes, Herbert (ed) "The Federal Story: The Inner History of the Federal Cause" Robertson & Mullens, Melbourne, 1944 (later editions edited by J.A. La Nauze and Stuart Macintyre

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was the first to present a straight choice between two alternative parties. To Deakin's surprise, the ALP won a clear majority, gaining 16 seats in the House and sweeping the Senate. In what he called "the

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The House of Representatives expired by "effluxion of time" on 19 February 1910. This is the only occasion on which the House has been allowed to expire rather than being dissolved by the Governor-General.

2041:. He certainly did not see federation as marking Australia's independence from Britain. On the contrary, Deakin was a supporter of closer empire unity, serving as president of the Victorian branch of the 1965:. In addition, Deakin lost his fortune and his father's fortune in the property crash of 1893, and had to return to the bar to restore his finances. In 1892, he unsuccessfully defended the mass murderer 2685:

After the 1913 election, Cook offered Deakin the position of chairman of the Interstate Commission, but he declined. In 1914, following the outbreak of World War I, he did accept a request to chair a

2540:, and returned to power in May 1909 at the head of Australia's first majority government. The Fusion was seen by many as a betrayal of Deakin's liberal principles, and he was called a "Judas" by Sir 1796:, his legal studies were "the least important part of his education" during his time at university. He was a frequent speaker in the Melbourne University Debating Society, where he was mentored by 2406:

Deakin's supporters began to lobby him to seek a return to government in 1905. He was reinvigorated by a trip to Western Australia early in the year, where he was struck by the development of the

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After 1890, Deakin refused all offers of cabinet posts and devoted his attention to the movement for federation. He was Victoria's delegate to the Australasian Federal Conference, convened by Sir

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to visit Australia, in a symbolic act of independence from Britain. The Surplus Revenue Act of 1908 provided £250,000 for naval expenditure, although these funds were first applied by the

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What kind of a game of cricket could you have, if you had three elevens in the field instead of two, and one sometimes played on one side, sometimes on the other, and sometimes for itself?

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party of government. However, his diaries also suggest he was under considerable personal strain and could have been "simply courting defeat to relieve himself of the burden of office".

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much later, Deakin's sincere longing for spiritual fulfilment led him to express a sense of unworthiness in his private diaries, which mingled with his literary aspirations as a poet.

6810: 2171:, cabinet began to consider who would fill the newly created seats on the High Court. Encouraged by his colleagues, Barton decided to retire from politics and accept appointment to a 6800: 5934: 2658:

Liberal Party was to oversee the election of his successor, held on 20 January. He supported Cook, who defeated John Forrest by a single vote. Deakin retired from parliament at the

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Watson attempted to form an alliance with the Liberal Protectionists in June 1904, but was rebuffed. Deakin felt that the power of the Protectionists would be diminished by Labor's

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the analogy was imperfect, as realistically the Labor Party and Free Traders would never agree to an alliance; Deakin's party was an obligatory partner in any coalition government.

2089:. He was active, especially in drafting bills for the Public Service, arbitration and the High Court. His second reading speech on the Immigration Restriction Bill to implement the 2492:, that had ordained the establishment of the Commonwealth's capital at Dalgety, and vigorously, if unsuccessfully, fought the move to relocate the capital to the Canberra area. 2151:

amendment extending its provisions to state railway workers, which Deakin regarded as unconstitutional. He received much of the criticism for the decision to withdraw the bill.

1636:. Deakin regarded his final term as prime minister, from June 1909 to April 1910, as his most productive. However, to his surprise, the ALP won a majority in both houses at the 6730: 1787:, and began attending evening classes the following year. He could not afford to study full-time, working during the day as a schoolteacher and private tutor. At the time, the 1583: 6760: 1895:, daughter of a well-known spiritualist. They lived with Deakin's parents until 1887, when they moved to "Llanarth", in Walsh Street, South Yarra. They had three daughters, 6740: 2572: 1873:

by-election by 15 votes, narrowly lost the seat in the February 1880 general election, but won it in yet another early general election in July 1880. The radical premier,

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as Lieutenant-Governor of Papua in 1908, who ruled it for a 32-year period as a benevolent paternalist. His government passed a bill for the transfer of control of the

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In a letter to his sister, Deakin described the legislative achievements of 1909 as "the finest harvest of any session". Acts were passed authorising the creation of

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1968 – Deakin, Alfred / La Nauze, J A (ed) "Federated Australia: Selections from Letters to the Morning Post 1900–1910" Melbourne University Press, Melbourne, 1968.

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deeply conscious of being, as he put it, a tool for providence to work through. Any powers he had he felt he owed to the divine one and it was not his doing."

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In 1906 Deakin's government amended the Judiciary Act to increase the size of the High Court to five judges, as envisaged in the constitution, and appointed

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Deakin continued his efforts to establish a federal judiciary when parliament resumed in May 1903. The government eventually passed a compromise bill, the

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1957 – Deakin, Alfred / La Nauze, J A and Crawford, R M (eds) "The Crisis in Victorian Politics, 1879–1881" Melbourne University Press, Melbourne, 1957.

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reformers. In the 1890s Deakin became one of the leading figures in the movement for the federation of the Australian colonies. He was a delegate to the

2794:, a drama in five acts. Deakin attempted to burn the prints. However some survived and the play was reprinted 1940, as an example of Australian verse. 5348:

1885 – Deakin, Alfred "Irrigation in Western America, so Far as it has Relation to the Circumstances of Victoria" Government Printer, Melbourne, 1885.

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1893 – Deakin, Alfred "Irrigated India: An Australian View of India and Ceylon, Their Irrigation and Agriculture" W. Thacker & Co., London, 1893.

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Bill) and William Deakin. His father left school at the age of 14 and became a travelling salesman. He met his future wife while travelling through

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in London. They returned to Australia in early 1917, after which he was generally confined to his home in South Yarra and only saw family members.

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in 1879, aged 23, additionally working as a barrister and journalist. He held ministerial office sporadically beginning in 1883, serving twice as

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In December 1907, he introduced the first bill to establish compulsory military service, which was also strongly supported by Labor's Watson and

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procedural motion on an amendment. Watson took the vote as a motion of no confidence and resigned. Many ALP members felt betrayed by Deakin, and

6815: 6795: 6780: 6775: 5312: 3162: 1478: 1754:. His parents and sister would live there for the rest of their lives. At the age of four, Deakin was sent to join his ten-year-old sister in 6825: 6660: 6590: 6367: 6259: 6224: 5920: 5588: 5578: 4971: 3645: 3254: 2346: 1994: 1579: 1384: 761: 5362: 5357:

1923 – Deakin, Alfred / Walter Murdoch (ed) "Alfred Deakin – A Sketch" Bookman Press Pty Ltd (First published 1923 later 1999 out of print)

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in about 1863. Rather than build an entirely new house, his father transported a wooden cottage from Fitzroy to South Yarra and then had it

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Deakin continued to write prolifically throughout his career. He was a member of the Eclectic Association; fellow members included authors

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in Melbourne in 1890, which agreed to hold an intercolonial convention to draft a federal constitution. He was a leading negotiator at the

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as a manager, inspector, and accountant, earning a salary that allowed he and his family to maintain a comfortable middle-class lifestyle.

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Hearn, Mark (2018). "Contesting 'the Ballarat cry': interpreting the unstable narrative of trade and race in the 1903 federal election".

1640:. He retired from politics in 1913, in the early stages of a degenerative neurological condition that led to his death at the age of 63. 6715: 6570: 6405: 3027: 2146:

speech on the bill at short notice, following Kingston's surprise resignation from cabinet. He argued the bill, which would introduce a

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in 1944 and is a vital primary source for this history. His account of his career in Victorian politics in the 1880s was published as

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Though Deakin always took pains to obscure the spiritual dimensions of his character from the public gaze, he felt a strong sense of

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Since Deakin's death, several places have been named in his honour. Educational institutions that bear his name include Melbourne's

1861: 1841: 1010: 2387:. He named the property "Ballara" and moved a wooden house onto the land, which served as a holiday home for the rest of his life. 2269:

in his government. He tendered his resignation as prime minister on the same day and was formally succeeded by Watson on 27 April.

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moved for the bill to be amended to cover state public servants. The amendment passed by 38 votes to 29, which Deakin treated as a

2414:. Most importantly, Chris Watson wrote privately that he would have the "active support" of the Labor Party if he resumed office. 6735: 5561: 2659: 2623: 2612: 2204: 2074: 1962: 1637: 1602: 1598: 1254: 1205: 1200: 1195: 1090: 796: 95: 6790: 6785: 3710: 2114: 1544: 1390: 894: 356: 6750: 6398: 4963: 4506: 3901: 3798: 3637: 1939: 1865: 1563: 1444: 1223: 693: 6155: 6523: 6290: 5676: 3038:, who was never offered the appointment, Deakin was the only Australian prime minister not to be a privy counsellor until 2900: 2299: 2082: 1935: 1911: 1907: 1885: 1869: 1590: 567: 3026:, aged 30, but declined to accept. On three separate occasions – in 1900, 1907, and 1913 – he refused appointment to the 2689:

into food supply during the war. Deakin's final public engagement was as leader of the Australian delegation to the 1915

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to oversee the passage of the federation bill through the Imperial Parliament, and took part in the negotiations with

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s weekly. During this period Syme converted him from supporting free trade to protectionism. He became active in the

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Deakin defined himself as an "independent Australian Briton", favouring a self-governing Australia but loyal to the

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contained five first-time appointees, reflecting the need to balance the competing interests within the new party.

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from South Australia to the Commonwealth, which became effective in 1911. As prime minister Deakin championed the

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Deakin is regarded as one of Australia's most influential prime ministers. He was the principal architect of the "

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During the 1980s, Deaking became involved in a number of organisations relating to public affairs, including the

1769: 1462: 3034:". His refusal was "singular, indeed unique, among Australian politicians of comparable prominence". Except for 1535:(3 August 1856 – 7 October 1919) was an Australian politician, statesman and barrister who served as the second 6445: 6342: 6229: 5686: 3083: 3064: 2670: 2619: 2359: 2106: 2102: 1966: 1764: 980: 612: 4163: 4866: 2231:, in a January 1904 speech Deakin used an uncharacteristic sporting analogy to call for the establishment of 6610: 6172: 5634: 5249: 3802: 2266: 2069:

The first and second Prime Ministers of Australia, Edmund Barton and Alfred Deakin, amongst the 1901 cabinet

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The government was brought down in 1890, over its use of the militia to protect non-union labour during the

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until Barton's return in October 1902. During this time he dealt with the resignation of Governor-General

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as prime minister, believing they should only be awarded based on academic prowess. He rejected honorary

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held in May, which saw Cook and the Liberals form government with a bare one-seat majority in the House.

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a game which he played during his youth, though it is not known for which clubs or teams he played in.

5114:. Volume V. The People Make Laws 1888–1915. Melbourne University Press. Melbourne. 1981. pp. 275, 302. 4108: 3560: 6645: 6640: 5647: 3031: 2842: 2698:. However, Deakin's involvement was subject to political interference from external affairs minister 1402: 1348: 1080: 650: 3011: 5873: 3056: 3047: 2865: 2767: 2640: 2232: 2217: 2042: 1715: 1633: 1571: 1540: 1420: 888: 405: 2395: 6505: 6495: 6362: 4077: 3453: 3445: 3392: 3110: 2678: 2628: 2580: 2505: 2485: 2477: 2407: 2400: 2304: 2188: 2134: 2017: 1408: 1322: 1297: 842: 3022:

Deakin generally rejected honours during his lifetime. He was first offered a knighthood at the

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Their Fiery Cross of Union. A Retelling of the Creation of the Australian Federation, 1889–1914

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Their Fiery Cross of Union. A Retelling of the Creation of the Australian Federation, 1889–1914

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Their Fiery Cross of Union. A Retelling of the Creation of the Australian Federation, 1889–1914

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1893 – Deakin, Alfred "Temple and Tomb in India" Melville, Mullen and Slade, Melbourne, 1893.

5342:

1875 – Deakin, Alfred "Quentin Massys: A Drama in Five Acts" J.P. Donaldson, Melbourne, 1875.

3129:

Deakin had a long and happy marriage and was survived by his wife and their three daughters:

3090:. He is one of only two prime ministers to have a university named in his honour, along with 2766:

Deakin died at his home on 7 October 1919, aged 63. His official cause of death was given as

2121:, which was resolved in favour of the federal government. He also secured the passage of the 1582:

and served on the committees that drafted the federal constitution. He later campaigned at a

17: 6244: 6139: 6129: 5245: 4171: 4069: 3890: 3435: 3384: 2686: 2560: 2533: 2424: 2315: 2236: 2179:. He relinquished the attorney-generalship and took on Barton's external affairs portfolio. 2163:"Advance Australia" postcard, featuring a portrait of Deakin as the incumbent prime minister 2139: 2013: 1805: 1711: 1629: 1610: 1522: 1396: 1317: 1149: 3677: 1272: 6600: 6470: 6465: 6195: 6079: 5237: 5165: 4953: 3137: 3043: 2988: 2575:, Australia's first official diplomatic posting. Bills were also introduced to create the 2342: 2281: 1707: 1946:, where he argued forcibly for reduced colonial payments for the defence provided by the 2528:

In 1908, Deakin was again forced from office by Labor. He then formed a coalition, the "

1815:

Deakin initially had difficulty in obtaining briefs as a barrister. In May 1878, he met

6450: 6337: 6134: 6089: 6059: 6034: 5480: 5257: 3556: 3424:"Indigeneity and the Disruption of Anglo-Australian Nationalism in Australian Football" 3114: 3051: 2959: 2872: 2850: 2775: 2411: 2384: 2372: 2184: 2172: 2143: 2038: 1923: 1852: 1667:– formed the basis of Australia's socio-economic framework well into the 20th century. 1664: 1625: 1302: 36: 5912: 5484: 5124: 3898:

Commonwealth Parliamentary Debates House of Representatives, 12 September 1901, Vol. 4

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from 1903 to 1904, 1905 to 1908 and 1909 to 1910. He held office as the leader of the

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even while he was prime minister. His account of the federation movement appeared as

2798: 2771: 2728: 2513: 2481: 2469: 2376: 2345:, but lent his support and encouraged Protectionists (including his former treasurer 2294: 2262: 2086: 2058: 2009: 1892: 1793: 1788: 1776: 1723: 1699: 1656: 1594: 1485: 1327: 910: 517: 227: 107: 3721: 2045:

League, a cause he believed to be a stepping stone to a more spiritual world unity.

1597:. He succeeded Barton as prime minister in September 1903. Two subsequent elections 6580: 6485: 6475: 6460: 6357: 6347: 6249: 6234: 6099: 6024: 6009: 5969: 5732: 5713: 5626: 5543: 5539: 5438: 5410: 5253: 3372: 3176: 3170: 3035: 2976: 2716: 2712: 2695: 2644:

Deakin in January 1913, leaving Parliament House on his final day as Liberal leader

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in the House of Representatives, located in Melbourne's eastern suburbs. In 1969,

1684:. He was of English and Welsh descent, the younger of two children born to Sarah ( 1505: 6515: 6282: 3388: 2117:

over a salary dispute and conflict with the South Australian government over the

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and David Mickle. Deakin wrote anonymous political commentaries for the London

2418:

fiscal truce. The significance of his address was elevated two days later when

1722:

at the time of his son's birth in 1856. By the early 1870s he was working with

27:

Prime Minister of Australia (1903–1904; 1905–1908; 1909–1910)

6119: 6109: 6029: 5494: 5261: 5193: 4934: 4916: 2880: 2699: 2476:

The Papua Act of 1905 established an Australian administration for the former

2367:. However, his primary interest was in religion, particularly the role of the 2350: 2337: 2325: 2126: 1970: 1947: 1816: 1680:

Deakin was born on 3 August 1856 in his parents' cottage at 90 George Street,

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and, briefly, Solicitor-General. In 1887 he led Victoria's delegation to the

1698:

in 1849. Britain was experiencing an economic depression associated with the

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On Message: Political Communications of Australian Prime Ministers 1901–2014

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reviled him as a traitor. He is regarded as a founding father by the modern

2904: 2583:, but were not progressed and were passed by the succeeding ALP government. 1784: 1751: 1559: 1287: 999: 6164: 2833: 2778:. He was interred next to his parents in the non-denominational section of 2552:

Deakin was sworn in as prime minister for a third time on 2 June 1909. The

2439: 1981: 1031: 48: 1719: 5529: 5278: 5252:, the daughter and granddaughter of farmers; her ancestors were from the 3440: 3423: 3106: 2884: 2368: 2212: 2030: 1844:, holding the office of President of the Victorian Spiritualists' Union. 1703: 5345:

1877 – Deakin, Alfred "A New Pilgrim's Progress" Terry, Melbourne, 1877.

4900: 3891:"Commonwealth Parliamentary Debate – The case for national racial unity" 3050:

degrees from the University of Oxford in 1900 and 1907, and an honorary

5229: 3678:"Cheap Livers and Death Dodgers: Vegetarianism in the National Library" 2861: 2603:, and was seen by Deakin as one of his most important accomplishments. 2379:

on a number of occasions, even chairing one of Booth's meetings at the

2320: 2195:(another High Court appointee). Lyne was given second rank in cabinet. 2020:, the Colonial Secretary, who insisted on the right of appeal from the 1821: 1755: 2899:

cites extensively from his studies of Deakin's private diaries in the

2909: 5084:. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1992. p. 76 citing Deakin's 3853:. Victorian Government Printer. 1 September 1890. p. 1890:3537. 2203:

Parliament was dissolved a month after Deakin took office, with the

2053: 1686: 5526:

held and selectively digitised by the National Library of Australia

2461:

was established in 1908 and the Quarantine Act was passed in 1908.

2028:. Eventually a compromise was reached, under which constitutional ( 1702:, and they decided to migrate to Australia. The Deakins arrived in 5523: 5283: 4878: 3375:(2012). "Alfred Deakin's Childhood: Books, a Boy and his Mother". 3010: 2958: 2832: 2757: 2741: 2669: 2639: 2438: 2394: 2349:) to accept ministerial posts; others within the party joined the 2307:. The Liberal Protectionists rejected the agreement, according to 2280: 2158: 2064: 2052: 1980: 1851: 1733: 6696:

Commonwealth Liberal Party members of the Parliament of Australia

3833:. Victorian Government Printer. 12 March 1883. p. 1883:2569. 3059:

of the cities of London and Edinburgh and an honorary bencher of

2077:

Deakin was elected to the first federal Parliament as MP for the

1997:, which produced a draft constitution that contained much of the 6691:

Members of the Australian House of Representatives for Ballarat

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at Queen's Hall in Parliament House, Melbourne, after a period

2762:

Deakin's funeral procession leaving Parliament House, Melbourne

2453:

Australian currency. The Copyright Act was passed in 1905, the

1742:

Deakin spent his early years in Fitzroy, then lived briefly in

5520:– Australia's Prime Ministers / National Archives of Australia 2923: 2311:

out of reluctance to serve in a ministry Deakin did not lead.

1632:

in federal politics and allowed him to form Australia's first

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Deakin promised to extend "the utmost fair play" to the new

2057:

Photo in 1898 of the future 1st Prime Minister of Australia

1934:

In 1885, Deakin became Chief Secretary and Commissioner for

1605:

produced an even split between three parties, with Deakin's

5534: 3179:(1917-1977) - journalist, author, newspaper editor and POW. 3003:

a literary prize (now defunct), was created in his honour.

6701:

Protectionist Party members of the Parliament of Australia

3355: 3353: 3152:(1914–2014) – social worker, married Tony Clarke, son of 2782:, joined by his widow Pattie following her death in 1934. 2431:; Deakin was then commissioned to form a new government. 1954:. In 1889, he became the member for the Melbourne seat of 1840:

and began to practise vegetarianism. He became a lifelong

1589:

After the Federation in 1901, Deakin became the inaugural

5504:

The Federal Story: The Inner History of the Federal Cause

2336:

accused him of hypocrisy in speeches which he later told

2211:

Deakin outlined the government's platform at a speech in

1547:. He is notable for being one of the founding fathers of 3280: 3278: 3001:

Alfred Deakin Prize for an Essay Advancing Public Debate

2599:. The Financial Agreement nonetheless remained in place 5445:, Oxford University Press, Melbourne, Victoria, Ch.22. 5443:

Mr Prime Minister. Australian Prime Ministers 1901–1972

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Graves of Alfred and Pattie Deakin at St Kilda Cemetery

1969:

and assisted the defence in the 1893–94 libel trial of

5240:

farmer, and their son – Deakin's father – was born in

3422:

Judd, Barry; Hallinan, Christopher (1 December 2019).

3101:

Other places named after Deakin include the suburb of

2963:

Bust of Alfred Deakin by sculptor Wallace Anderson in

2739:

from vegetarianism as possible causes of his illness.

3754:

Re-Member: a database of all Victorian MPs since 1851

3063:. The one honorary degree he did accept was from the 1586:

and lobbied the British government for its adoption.

5045:. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1992. p. 37. 5032:. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1992. p. 2. 3720:. Australian Prime Ministers Centre. Archived from 3067:in 1915, when he was representing Australia at the 2821:in 1957. His collected journalism was published as 2101:In May 1902, Barton left the country to attend the 1746:(now South Melbourne) before his family settled in 1005: 995: 973: 944: 929: 904: 875: 865: 848: 825: 820: 802: 790: 767: 755: 734: 722: 710: 691: 679: 667: 641: 606: 594: 584: 566: 554: 544: 534: 511: 501: 491: 473: 442: 432: 422: 403: 393: 381: 373: 355: 326: 316: 306: 283: 273: 263: 245: 233: 221: 202: 194: 173: 161: 142: 134: 113: 101: 91: 81: 62: 34: 6766:20th-century Australian dramatists and playwrights 6756:19th-century Australian dramatists and playwrights 6686:Members of the Australian House of Representatives 2702:, and he decided on an early return to Australia. 2573:Australian High Commissioner to the United Kingdom 5224:His paternal grandfather John Deakin was born in 3845:"Appointment Solicitor-General Alfred Deakin MLA" 3825:"Appointment Solicitor-General Alfred Deakin MLA" 2649:led the campaign against the Fisher government's 2567:for young men, defining the extent of the future 2410:and received encouragement from John Forrest and 2061:and 2nd Prime Minister of Australia Alfred Deakin 1609:occupying an effective middle ground between the 4794:"Six Problems in the Biography of Alfred Deakin" 2903:, wrote: "By reading the world's scriptures and 1906:Deakin became Commissioner for Public Works and 1095: 5189:"Jessie, a force of nature from a simpler time" 4801:Agenda: A Journal of Policy Analysis and Reform 1562:to middle-class parents. He was elected to the 6811:Vice-Presidents of the Board of Land and Works 4905:. Melbourne: Printed by J. P. Donaldson. 1875. 3030:, which would have entitled him to be styled " 1141: 1125: 1109: 6801:Members of the Victorian Legislative Assembly 6531: 6406: 6298: 6180: 5928: 4921:Advocate (Melbourne, Vic. : 1868 - 1954) 4618:(7th ed.). Parliament of Australia. 2016 2363:, in addition to his weekly articles for the 2094:significant opposition to its establishment. 1950:and for improved consultation concerning the 1231: 1064: 8: 5125:"Alfreddeakin | Alfred's daughter Vera" 5101:. Constable &Co Ltd. London 1923 p. 137. 5058:Elton Trueblood (ed) SCM Press. London 1947. 3247:The End of Certainty: The Story of the 1980s 3042:in the 1970s. He also refused to accept any 2845:until 1896, when he resigned on joining the 2632:the votes of many of his former supporters. 2455:Commonwealth Bureau of Census and Statistics 6731:People educated at Melbourne Grammar School 4807:(1). Australian National University: 85–87. 2589:Section 87 of the Constitution of Australia 1860:Deakin stood for the largely rural seat of 580:1 January 1901 – 24 September 1903 6761:Australian male dramatists and playwrights 6538: 6524: 6516: 6413: 6399: 6391: 6305: 6291: 6283: 6187: 6173: 6165: 5935: 5921: 5913: 5548: 5493:. London: Hutchinson & Co – via 5228:, and worked in the leather industry as a 4962:. Canberra: National Centre of Biography, 4867:"The Visionary: Alfred Deakin (1856–1919)" 4168:The Oxford Companion to Australian History 3636:. Canberra: National Centre of Biography, 3146:(1906–1997) – businessman and RAAF officer 2871:His private prayer diaries, like those of 2183:was unchanged apart from the additions of 1249: 1238: 1224: 1022: 623: 530:24 September 1903 – 27 April 1904 459: 337: 190:24 September 1903 – 27 April 1904 47: 31: 6741:Leaders of the Commonwealth Liberal Party 4535:, Connor Court, Queensland, 2021, p. 282. 3880:, Connor Court, Queensland, 2021, p. 165. 3867:, Connor Court, Queensland, 2021, p. 306. 3530: 3518: 3506: 3494: 3482: 3470: 3439: 3409: 3359: 3344: 3332: 3320: 3308: 3296: 3284: 3269: 2986:His life was dramatised in the 1951 play 2595:and the surplus revenues amendment being 6671:Australian ministers for Foreign Affairs 5895:Leader of the Commonwealth Liberal Party 5491:The Dictionary of Australasian Biography 5071:. Angus and Robertson. Melbourne. p. 79. 4939:Age (Melbourne, Vic. : 1854 - 1954) 4493: 4491: 4489: 4487: 3109:, Australian Capital Territory, and the 2008:In 1900 Deakin travelled to London with 1593:in the ministry led by his close friend 418:24 September 1903 – 26 May 1909 5530:Alfred Deakin Prime Ministerial Library 5217: 3785: 3783: 3781: 3779: 3744: 3742: 3621: 3619: 3617: 3615: 3613: 3611: 3609: 3607: 3237: 3069:Panama–Pacific International Exposition 2691:Panama–Pacific International Exposition 2622:and then hand over to a successor. The 2579:and formalise federal control over the 1910:in 1883, and the following year became 1893:Elizabeth Martha Anne ("Pattie") Browne 1881:in August, but Deakin turned him down. 1543:, and in his final term as that of the 1261: 1069: 1025: 487:5 July 1905 – 13 November 1908 130:5 July 1905 – 13 November 1908 5313:Seat of Government Acceptance Act 1909 3605: 3603: 3601: 3599: 3597: 3595: 3593: 3591: 3589: 3587: 3551: 3549: 3547: 3545: 3543: 3541: 3539: 3163:Australian Secret Intelligence Service 2883:) Christian view of the importance of 663:30 March 1901 – 23 April 1913 369:26 May 1909 – 20 January 1913 259:1 July 1910 – 20 January 1913 6821:Ministers for Public Works (Victoria) 6666:Leaders of the Opposition (Australia) 5842:Leader of the Opposition of Australia 5796:Leader of the Opposition of Australia 5473:Alfred Deakin: A Biography / Volume 2 5461:Alfred Deakin: A Biography / Volume 1 5274: 4853: 4841: 4829: 4817: 4779: 4767: 4755: 4740: 4725: 4708: 4696: 4684: 4672: 4660: 4648: 4636: 4598: 4586: 4571: 4559: 4544: 4478: 4466: 4454: 4442: 4430: 4418: 4406: 4394: 4382: 4370: 4358: 4343: 4331: 4319: 4307: 4295: 4283: 4271: 4259: 4247: 4232: 4220: 4208: 4196: 4184: 4150: 4133: 4047: 4032: 4020: 4008: 3996: 3984: 3972: 3960: 3948: 3936: 3921: 3169:Stella (1886–1976) married scientist 2837:Alfred Deakin and wife Pattie in 1907 2516:Labor government, creating the first 2249: 2199:1903 election and the "three elevens" 7: 6771:20th-century Australian male writers 6651:Australian people of English descent 5524:Guide to the papers of Alfred Deakin 5010:. Australian Dictionary of Biography 4902:Quentin Massys: A drama in five acts 4113:Australian Federal Election Speeches 3217:List of prime ministers of Australia 2912:had found a new demesne to infest." 1868:in February 1879, as a supporter of 1783:. He formed an ambition to become a 1775:In 1871, aged 15, Deakin passed the 77:2 June 1909 – 29 April 1910 6746:20th-century Australian politicians 6681:Members of the Cabinet of Australia 5168:. Australian Stamp and Coin Company 2636:Leader of the Opposition, 1910–1913 1819:, the owner of the Melbourne daily 1710:, in March 1850. Their first child 6831:People from the Colony of Victoria 6721:Victoria (state) state politicians 6656:Australian people of Welsh descent 5617:Member for Essendon and Flemington 5187:Clarke, Alice (28 December 2014). 4959:Australian Dictionary of Biography 4954:"Topp, Arthur Manning (1844–1916)" 3633:Australian Dictionary of Biography 3566:Dictionary of Australian Biography 2651:proposed constitutional amendments 2459:Commonwealth Bureau of Meteorology 2111:Acting Prime Minister of Australia 706:April 1889 – October 1900 302:26 May 1909 – 2 June 1909 25: 5874:Leader of the Protectionist Party 4616:House of Representatives Practice 2571:, and creating the office of the 1899:(b. 1883), Stella (b. 1886), and 1620:In 1909, in what became known as 1118:Conciliation and Arbitration Bill 6619: 6504: 6151: 6150: 5540:Alfred Deakin's personal library 5433:The Mystic Life of Alfred Deakin 5399:, Longman Australia, Melbourne. 5082:The Mystic Life of Alfred Deakin 5043:The Mystic Life of Alfred Deakin 5030:The Mystic Life of Alfred Deakin 4115:. Museum of Australian Democracy 3249:. Allen & Unwin. p. 3. 3161:(1920–2005) – first head of the 3136:(1883–1970) married businessman 2927: 2819:The Crisis in Victorian Politics 2719:". Later writers have suggested 2613:1910 Australian federal election 2205:1903 Australian federal election 1516: 1504: 1271: 1211: 1030: 1009: 786:July 1879 – August 1879 6806:Ministers for Health (Victoria) 3187:(1891–1978) married politician 2790:In his youth, Deakin published 2725:early-onset Alzheimer's disease 1838:Australian Natives' Association 1647:", the features of which – the 1551:and for his influence in early 919: 751:July 1880 – March 1889 6836:Ministers for Water (Victoria) 6726:Solicitors-general of Victoria 6676:Attorneys-general of Australia 5248:. Deakin's mother was born in 4964:Australian National University 4941:. 16 November 1940. p. 7. 4507:National Archives of Australia 3902:National Archives of Australia 3799:National Archives of Australia 3638:Australian National University 2711:he also suffered from chronic 2399:Cartoon of Deakin and Reid by 2285:Portrait by Arthur J. Melhuish 1877:, offered him the position of 1866:Victorian Legislative Assembly 1564:Victorian Legislative Assembly 1445:Centre for Independent Studies 694:Victorian Legislative Assembly 1: 6816:Chief Secretaries of Victoria 6796:People from Fitzroy, Victoria 6781:20th-century Australian poets 6776:19th-century Australian poets 5769:Minister for External Affairs 5723:Minister for External Affairs 5677:Attorney General of Australia 5475:. Melbourne University Press. 5463:. Melbourne University Press. 5435:, Cambridge University Press. 5236:. He married the daughter of 4074:10.1080/14490854.2018.1513802 3377:Australian Historical Studies 3018:is named after Alfred Deakin. 2901:National Library of Australia 2561:a separate Australian coinage 2083:Attorney-General of Australia 1944:Imperial Conference in London 1920:Irrigation in Western America 1886:National Anti-Sweating League 1870:Victorian Legislative Council 1591:Attorney-General of Australia 568:Attorney-General of Australia 475:Minister for External Affairs 18:Deakin government (1909–1910) 6826:Burials at St Kilda Cemetery 6661:Prime ministers of Australia 5944:Prime ministers of Australia 5004:"Deakin, Alfred (1856–1919)" 4875:Friends of St Kilda Cemetery 3628:"Deakin, Alfred (1856–1919)" 3561:"Deakin, Alfred (1856–1919)" 3389:10.1080/1031461X.2011.585653 2864:working in his career. Like 2569:Australian Capital Territory 2565:compulsory military training 2496:Defence and external affairs 1879:Attorney-General of Victoria 1856:Caricature of Deakin in 1886 1682:Fitzroy, Melbourne, Victoria 1628:, marked the beginning of a 1568:Attorney-General of Victoria 6711:Melbourne Law School alumni 5823:Prime Minister of Australia 5750:Prime Minister of Australia 5704:Prime Minister of Australia 5486:"Deakin, Hon. Alfred" 5088:Prayer XLVII 12 August 1888 4503:Australia's Prime Ministers 3850:Victoria Government Gazette 3830:Victoria Government Gazette 3795:Australia's Prime Ministers 3571:Project Gutenberg Australia 2624:April 1910 federal election 2490:Seat of Government Act 1904 2177:Government House, Melbourne 1995:Federal Conventions of 1891 1676:Birth and family background 1607:Liberal Protectionist Party 1537:prime minister of Australia 1150:Separate Australian Coinage 1134:Senate elections referendum 1103:Prime Minister of Australia 357:Leader of the Liberal Party 65:Prime Minister of Australia 6857: 6716:Politicians from Melbourne 5318:High Commissioner Act 1909 5069:Alfred Deakin. A Biography 4499:"Alfred Deakin, in office" 4098:Clareville Press 2014 p 39 2981:Liberal Party of Australia 2969:Ballarat Botanical Gardens 2610: 2085:in the ministry headed by 1570:and aligning himself with 1160:Surplus revenue referendum 1070:Victorian (state) politics 342:Party leadership positions 6706:Australian federationists 6617: 6566: 6554: 6502: 6441: 6429: 6374: 6333: 6321: 6266: 6215: 6203: 6148: 5955: 5901: 5892: 5887: 5871: 5863: 5858: 5848: 5839: 5831: 5820: 5812: 5802: 5793: 5785: 5775: 5766: 5756: 5747: 5739: 5729: 5720: 5710: 5701: 5693: 5683: 5674: 5669: 5664: 5654: 5645: 5640: 5633: 5623: 5614: 5609: 5593: 5585: 5575: 5566: 5558: 5551: 5232:before later becoming an 5155:La Nauze (1965a), p. 204. 5146:La Nauze (1965a), p. 203. 5137:La Nauze (1965a), p. 202. 4923:. 2 July 1953. p. 9. 4792:Coleman, William (2018). 3080:Alfred Deakin High School 2548:Prime Minister, 1909–1910 2457:was established in 1906, 2435:Prime Minister, 1905–1908 2381:Royal Exhibition Building 2167:After the passage of the 2155:Prime Minister, 1903–1904 1999:Constitution of Australia 1770:Australian rules football 1463:Conservatism in Australia 1126:Second term of government 1017: 816: 779: 744: 699: 656: 637: 633: 626: 622: 573: 523: 480: 469: 462: 458: 411: 362: 351: 347: 340: 336: 295: 252: 183: 123: 70: 58: 46: 5859:Party political offices 5506:. Robertson and Mullins. 5395:Birrell, Robert (1995), 5056:Doctor Johnson's Prayers 3084:Melbourne Grammar School 3065:University of California 3024:1887 Colonial Conference 2620:1911 Imperial Conference 2107:1902 Colonial Conference 2103:coronation of Edward VII 1967:Frederick Bailey Deeming 1916:Minister of Public Works 1891:In 1882, Deakin married 1812:, a drama in five acts. 1808:, and in 1875 published 1765:Melbourne Grammar School 1253:This article is part of 1142:Third term of government 1110:First term of government 1039:This article is part of 981:Melbourne Grammar School 247:Leader of the Opposition 203:Governors‑General 143:Governors‑General 6736:Australian Theosophists 5635:Parliament of Australia 5502:Deakin, Alfred (1944). 5415:The Enigmatic Mr Deakin 5250:Llanarth, Monmouthshire 5099:Alfred Deakin: A sketch 5086:Boke of Praer and Prase 4935:"Australian Literature" 3791:"Alfred Deakin, before" 3428:Review of Nationalities 3140:. Their children were: 2520:in the British empire. 2324:, edited by his friend 2267:motion of no confidence 2022:High Court of Australia 1956:Essendon and Flemington 1929:irrigation in Australia 1781:University of Melbourne 1730:Childhood and education 1696:Grosmont, Monmouthshire 1440:Menzies Research Centre 1385:Women's National League 1264:Liberalism in Australia 986:University of Melbourne 739:Essendon and Flemington 92:Governor‑General 6791:Australian suffragists 6786:Australian monarchists 6382: 6274: 5596:Member for West Bourke 5569:Member for West Bourke 5553:Parliament of Victoria 5112:A History Of Australia 3758:Parliament of Victoria 3207:Second Deakin Ministry 3144:Wilfred Deakin Brookes 3121:bearing his portrait. 3019: 2971: 2965:Prime Ministers Avenue 2838: 2807:Arthur Patchett Martin 2763: 2747: 2682: 2677:portrait of Deakin by 2645: 2577:Inter-State Commission 2444: 2403: 2286: 2256:Defeat and resignation 2248:However, according to 2245: 2191:to replace Barton and 2164: 2148:compulsory arbitration 2119:external affairs power 2091:White Australia policy 2070: 2062: 1986: 1857: 1848:Early political career 1768:also passionate about 1739: 1694:, and they married at 1663:, and support for the 1653:compulsory arbitration 1649:White Australia policy 1615:Australian Labor Party 1468:Liberal Party factions 1155:State debts referendum 6751:Australian male poets 6422:Second Deakin Cabinet 6380: 6272: 4109:"1903: Alfred Deakin" 3212:Third Deakin Ministry 3202:First Deakin Ministry 3159:Alfred Deakin Brookes 3086:, and Deakin Hall at 3014: 2962: 2875:, express a profound 2841:He was active in the 2836: 2761: 2745: 2673: 2660:1913 federal election 2643: 2611:Further information: 2554:Third Deakin Ministry 2480:and Deakin appointed 2443:Alfred Deakin in 1905 2442: 2398: 2284: 2241: 2162: 2079:Division of Ballaarat 2068: 2056: 1985:Alfred Deakin in 1898 1984: 1855: 1798:Charles Henry Pearson 1738:Deakin as a young man 1737: 1645:Australian settlement 1584:series of referendums 1511:Liberalism portal 1491:Politics of Australia 861:, Victoria, Australia 645:Australian Parliament 6547:Third Deakin Cabinet 6314:First Deakin Cabinet 5648:Member for Ballaarat 4871:St Kilda Biographies 4513:on 29 September 2009 3441:10.2478/pn-2019-0008 3245:Kelly, Paul (1992). 3150:Jessie Deakin Clarke 3032:The Right Honourable 2897:History of Australia 2843:Theosophical Society 2229:ongoing Ashes series 1523:Australia portal 1403:New Liberal Movement 601:Position established 388:Position established 5889:New political party 5604:District abolished 5417:. Text Publishing. 5397:A Nation of Our Own 4917:"Advocate Magazine" 4856:, pp. 424–425. 4844:, pp. 423–424. 4782:, pp. 402–404. 4770:, pp. 416–419. 4675:, pp. 400–402. 4651:, pp. 394–396. 4574:, pp. 391–392. 4445:, pp. 320–321. 4310:, pp. 305–306. 4274:, pp. 301–302. 4187:, pp. 297–298. 3999:, pp. 283–284. 3987:, pp. 282–283. 3963:, pp. 275–277. 3951:, pp. 273–275. 3805:on 29 February 2020 3626:Norris, R. (1981). 3177:Rohan Deakin Rivett 3048:Doctor of Civil Law 2823:Federated Australia 2770:. He was granted a 2768:meningoencephalitis 2233:majority government 2218:Imperial Preference 2123:Customs Tariff 1902 2043:Imperial Federation 1940:Minister for Health 1716:Victorian gold rush 1634:majority government 1580:federal conventions 1558:Deakin was born in 1553:Australian politics 1541:Protectionist Party 1421:Protectionist Party 964:Rohan Deakin Rivett 406:Protectionist Party 6496:Thomas Playford II 6383: 6363:Thomas Playford II 6275: 5665:Political offices 5431:Gabay, Al (1992), 5256:of Monmouthshire, 4094:Julian Fitzgerald 3691:(3). December 2003 3117:honoured him on a 3111:Division of Deakin 3082:, Deakin House at 3020: 2972: 2939:. You can help by 2839: 2764: 2748: 2683: 2679:Frederick McCubbin 2646: 2581:Northern Territory 2506:Theodore Roosevelt 2486:Northern Territory 2478:British New Guinea 2445: 2408:Eastern Goldfields 2404: 2401:Livingston Hopkins 2305:cabinet solidarity 2287: 2173:puisne justiceship 2165: 2135:Judiciary Act 1903 2071: 2063: 2018:Joseph Chamberlain 1987: 1977:Road to Federation 1858: 1740: 1409:Liberal Federation 843:Colony of Victoria 6841:National founders 6628: 6627: 6513: 6512: 6388: 6387: 6280: 6279: 6162: 6161: 5911: 5910: 5902:Succeeded by 5849:Succeeded by 5803:Succeeded by 5776:Succeeded by 5757:Succeeded by 5730:Succeeded by 5711:Succeeded by 5684:Succeeded by 5655:Succeeded by 5624:Succeeded by 5576:Succeeded by 5535:Deakin University 4973:978-0-522-84459-7 4062:History Australia 3647:978-0-522-84459-7 3533:, pp. 26–28. 3521:, pp. 24–25. 3412:, pp. 18–19. 3256:978-1-86373-388-5 3222:Deakin University 3096:Curtin University 3088:Monash University 3076:Deakin University 3016:Deakin University 2957: 2956: 2847:Australian Church 2815:The Federal Story 2780:St Kilda Cemetery 2721:vascular dementia 2717:hyperneurasthenia 2706:Illness and death 2510:Great White Fleet 2291:Watson government 1912:Solicitor-General 1530: 1529: 1364:Liberal Democrats 1248: 1247: 1085: 1057: 1056: 1021: 1020: 870:St Kilda Cemetery 812: 811: 618: 617: 454: 453: 16:(Redirected from 6848: 6623: 6540: 6533: 6526: 6517: 6508: 6415: 6408: 6401: 6392: 6307: 6300: 6293: 6284: 6255:Richard O'Connor 6245:Charles Kingston 6189: 6182: 6175: 6166: 6154: 6153: 5937: 5930: 5923: 5914: 5882:Party disbanded 5864:Preceded by 5832:Preceded by 5813:Preceded by 5786:Preceded by 5740:Preceded by 5694:Preceded by 5586:Preceded by 5559:Preceded by 5549: 5507: 5498: 5488: 5476: 5464: 5428: 5330: 5327: 5321: 5308:Defence Act 1909 5304:Coinage Act 1909 5300: 5294: 5271: 5265: 5246:Northamptonshire 5222: 5206: 5205: 5203: 5201: 5184: 5178: 5177: 5175: 5173: 5162: 5156: 5153: 5147: 5144: 5138: 5135: 5129: 5128: 5121: 5115: 5108: 5102: 5097:Walter Murdoch. 5095: 5089: 5078: 5072: 5065: 5059: 5054:Samuel Johnson. 5052: 5046: 5039: 5033: 5026: 5020: 5019: 5017: 5015: 5000: 4994: 4993: 4952:Eastwood, Jill. 4949: 4943: 4942: 4931: 4925: 4924: 4913: 4907: 4906: 4897: 4891: 4890: 4888: 4886: 4881:on 21 March 2012 4877:. 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1215: 1096:Attorney-General 1077: 1053: 1052: 1050: 1043: 1042: 1034: 1027: 1026: 1023: 1013: 923: 921: 855: 835: 833: 821:Personal details 805: 793: 784: 770: 758: 749: 725: 713: 704: 682: 670: 661: 647: 624: 609: 597: 587: 578: 557: 547: 537: 528: 514: 504: 494: 485: 460: 445: 435: 427:Sir William Lyne 416: 396: 384: 367: 338: 329: 319: 309: 300: 286: 276: 266: 257: 236: 224: 188: 176: 164: 128: 116: 104: 75: 51: 32: 21: 6856: 6855: 6851: 6850: 6849: 6847: 6846: 6845: 6631: 6630: 6629: 6624: 6615: 6601:Littleton Groom 6562: 6557:Prime Minister: 6550: 6544: 6514: 6509: 6500: 6471:James Hume Cook 6466:Littleton Groom 6437: 6432:Prime Minister: 6425: 6419: 6389: 6384: 6372: 6329: 6324:Prime Minister: 6317: 6311: 6281: 6276: 6264: 6211: 6206:Prime Minister: 6199: 6193: 6163: 6158: 6144: 5951: 5941: 5907: 5898: 5877: 5869: 5854: 5845: 5837: 5826: 5818: 5808: 5799: 5791: 5781: 5772: 5762: 5753: 5745: 5735: 5726: 5716: 5707: 5699: 5689: 5680: 5660: 5658:Charles McGrath 5651: 5629: 5620: 5599: 5591: 5581: 5572: 5564: 5514: 5501: 5481:Mennell, Philip 5479: 5467: 5455: 5439:Hughes, Colin A 5425: 5409: 5392: 5390:Further reading 5339: 5334: 5333: 5328: 5324: 5301: 5297: 5272: 5268: 5254:border counties 5238:Buckinghamshire 5223: 5219: 5214: 5209: 5199: 5197: 5186: 5185: 5181: 5171: 5169: 5164: 5163: 5159: 5154: 5150: 5145: 5141: 5136: 5132: 5123: 5122: 5118: 5109: 5105: 5096: 5092: 5079: 5075: 5066: 5062: 5053: 5049: 5040: 5036: 5027: 5023: 5013: 5011: 5002: 5001: 4997: 4974: 4951: 4950: 4946: 4933: 4932: 4928: 4915: 4914: 4910: 4899: 4898: 4894: 4884: 4882: 4865: 4864: 4860: 4852: 4848: 4840: 4836: 4828: 4824: 4816: 4812: 4796: 4791: 4790: 4786: 4778: 4774: 4766: 4762: 4754: 4747: 4739: 4732: 4724: 4715: 4707: 4703: 4695: 4691: 4683: 4679: 4671: 4667: 4659: 4655: 4647: 4643: 4635: 4631: 4621: 4619: 4610: 4609: 4605: 4597: 4593: 4585: 4578: 4570: 4566: 4558: 4551: 4543: 4539: 4530: 4526: 4516: 4514: 4497: 4496: 4485: 4477: 4473: 4465: 4461: 4453: 4449: 4441: 4437: 4429: 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668: 662: 657: 648: 643: 629: 607: 595: 585: 579: 574: 555: 545: 535: 529: 524: 512: 502: 492: 486: 481: 465: 449:Party dissolved 443: 433: 417: 412: 394: 382: 368: 363: 343: 327: 317: 307: 301: 296: 284: 274: 264: 258: 253: 234: 222: 217: 189: 184: 174: 162: 157: 129: 124: 114: 102: 76: 71: 54: 42: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6854: 6852: 6844: 6843: 6838: 6833: 6828: 6823: 6818: 6813: 6808: 6803: 6798: 6793: 6788: 6783: 6778: 6773: 6768: 6763: 6758: 6753: 6748: 6743: 6738: 6733: 6728: 6723: 6718: 6713: 6708: 6703: 6698: 6693: 6688: 6683: 6678: 6673: 6668: 6663: 6658: 6653: 6648: 6643: 6633: 6632: 6626: 6625: 6618: 6616: 6614: 6613: 6611:Sir John Quick 6608: 6603: 6598: 6593: 6588: 6583: 6578: 6573: 6567: 6564: 6563: 6555: 6552: 6551: 6545: 6543: 6542: 6535: 6528: 6520: 6511: 6510: 6503: 6501: 6499: 6498: 6493: 6488: 6483: 6478: 6473: 6468: 6463: 6458: 6453: 6451:Austin Chapman 6448: 6442: 6439: 6438: 6430: 6427: 6426: 6420: 6418: 6417: 6410: 6403: 6395: 6386: 6385: 6375: 6373: 6371: 6370: 6365: 6360: 6355: 6350: 6345: 6340: 6338:Austin Chapman 6334: 6331: 6330: 6322: 6319: 6318: 6312: 6310: 6309: 6302: 6295: 6287: 6278: 6277: 6267: 6265: 6263: 6262: 6257: 6252: 6247: 6242: 6237: 6232: 6227: 6222: 6216: 6213: 6212: 6204: 6201: 6200: 6196:Barton Cabinet 6194: 6192: 6191: 6184: 6177: 6169: 6160: 6159: 6149: 6146: 6145: 6143: 6142: 6137: 6132: 6127: 6122: 6117: 6112: 6107: 6102: 6097: 6092: 6087: 6082: 6077: 6072: 6067: 6062: 6057: 6052: 6047: 6042: 6037: 6032: 6027: 6022: 6017: 6012: 6007: 6002: 5997: 5992: 5987: 5982: 5977: 5972: 5967: 5962: 5956: 5953: 5952: 5942: 5940: 5939: 5932: 5925: 5917: 5909: 5908: 5903: 5900: 5891: 5885: 5884: 5879: 5870: 5865: 5861: 5860: 5856: 5855: 5850: 5847: 5838: 5833: 5829: 5828: 5819: 5814: 5810: 5809: 5804: 5801: 5792: 5787: 5783: 5782: 5777: 5774: 5764: 5763: 5758: 5755: 5746: 5741: 5737: 5736: 5731: 5728: 5718: 5717: 5712: 5709: 5700: 5695: 5691: 5690: 5685: 5682: 5673: 5667: 5666: 5662: 5661: 5656: 5653: 5644: 5638: 5637: 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323. 4471: 4469:, p. 322. 4459: 4457:, p. 321. 4447: 4435: 4433:, p. 320. 4423: 4421:, p. 319. 4411: 4409:, p. 311. 4399: 4397:, p. 315. 4387: 4385:, p. 313. 4375: 4373:, p. 316. 4363: 4361:, p. 314. 4348: 4346:, p. 317. 4336: 4334:, p. 318. 4324: 4322:, p. 307. 4312: 4300: 4298:, p. 304. 4288: 4286:, p. 302. 4276: 4264: 4262:, p. 298. 4252: 4250:, p. 299. 4237: 4235:, p. 297. 4225: 4223:, p. 295. 4213: 4211:, p. 294. 4201: 4199:, p. 293. 4189: 4177: 4155: 4153:, p. 292. 4138: 4136:, p. 291. 4126: 4100: 4087: 4068:(4): 693–710. 4052: 4050:, p. 290. 4037: 4035:, p. 286. 4025: 4023:, p. 285. 4013: 4011:, p. 284. 4001: 3989: 3977: 3975:, p. 281. 3965: 3953: 3941: 3939:, p. 272. 3926: 3924:, p. 271. 3914: 3882: 3869: 3856: 3836: 3816: 3775: 3738: 3727:on 6 July 2011 3702: 3669: 3646: 3583: 3535: 3531:La Nauze 1965a 3523: 3519:La Nauze 1965a 3511: 3507:La Nauze 1965a 3499: 3495:La Nauze 1965a 3487: 3483:La Nauze 1965a 3475: 3471:La Nauze 1965a 3463: 3434:(1): 101–110. 3414: 3410:La Nauze 1965a 3402: 3364: 3360:La Nauze 1965a 3349: 3345:La Nauze 1965a 3337: 3333:La Nauze 1965a 3325: 3321:La Nauze 1965a 3313: 3309:La Nauze 1965a 3301: 3297:La Nauze 1965a 3289: 3285:La Nauze 1965a 3274: 3270:La Nauze 1965a 3262: 3255: 3236: 3234: 3231: 3229: 3226: 3225: 3224: 3219: 3214: 3209: 3204: 3197: 3194: 3193: 3192: 3182: 3181: 3180: 3167: 3166: 3165: 3156: 3147: 3126: 3123: 3115:Australia Post 3052:Doctor of Laws 3008: 3005: 2955: 2954: 2934: 2932: 2921: 2918: 2873:Samuel Johnson 2851:Charles Strong 2830: 2827: 2792:Quentin Massys 2787: 2784: 2776:lying in state 2734: 2707: 2704: 2667: 2664: 2637: 2634: 2608: 2605: 2549: 2546: 2525: 2522: 2497: 2494: 2449: 2446: 2436: 2433: 2429:Lord Northcote 2412:Austin Chapman 2392: 2389: 2385:Point Lonsdale 2373:Salvation Army 2371:. He met with 2293:, and allowed 2278: 2275: 2257: 2254: 2200: 2197: 2185:Austin Chapman 2156: 2153: 2144:second reading 2142:. He made the 2050: 2047: 2039:British Empire 1978: 1975: 1938:and from 1890 1924:Percival Serle 1849: 1846: 1810:Quentin Massys 1731: 1728: 1724:Cobb & Co. 1677: 1674: 1672: 1669: 1665:British Empire 1626:anti-socialism 1528: 1527: 1526: 1525: 1513: 1498: 1497: 1494: 1493: 1488: 1483: 1482: 1481: 1476: 1465: 1459: 1457:Related topics 1456: 1455: 1452: 1451: 1448: 1447: 1442: 1436: 1433: 1432: 1429: 1428: 1425: 1424: 1418: 1412: 1406: 1400: 1394: 1388: 1381: 1375: 1374: 1371: 1370: 1367: 1366: 1361: 1356: 1351: 1345: 1339: 1338: 1335: 1334: 1331: 1330: 1325: 1320: 1315: 1310: 1305: 1300: 1295: 1290: 1284: 1281: 1280: 1277: 1276: 1268: 1267: 1259: 1258: 1246: 1245: 1243: 1242: 1235: 1228: 1220: 1217: 1216: 1209: 1208: 1203: 1198: 1186: 1185: 1180: 1175: 1173:First Ministry 1163: 1162: 1157: 1152: 1137: 1136: 1121: 1120: 1099: 1098: 1093: 1087: 1086: 1073: 1072: 1067: 1059: 1058: 1055: 1054: 1041:a series about 1035: 1019: 1018: 1015: 1014: 1007: 1003: 1002: 997: 993: 992: 990: 989: 983: 977: 975: 971: 970: 968: 967: 961: 958:Alfred Brookes 955: 948: 946: 942: 941: 931: 927: 926: 915: 909: 908: 906: 902: 901: 899: 898: 892: 886: 879: 877: 873: 872: 867: 863: 862: 856:(aged 63) 852:7 October 1919 850: 846: 845: 827: 823: 822: 818: 817: 814: 813: 810: 809: 806: 800: 799: 794: 788: 787: 777: 776: 774:Seat abolished 771: 765: 764: 759: 753: 752: 742: 741: 736: 732: 731: 726: 720: 719: 714: 708: 707: 697: 696: 692:Member of the 689: 688: 683: 677: 676: 671: 665: 664: 654: 653: 642:Member of the 639: 638: 635: 634: 631: 630: 628:Constituencies 627: 620: 619: 616: 615: 610: 604: 603: 598: 592: 591: 588: 586:Prime Minister 582: 581: 571: 570: 564: 563: 558: 552: 551: 548: 542: 541: 538: 536:Prime Minister 532: 531: 521: 520: 515: 509: 508: 505: 499: 498: 495: 493:Prime Minister 489: 488: 478: 477: 471: 470: 467: 466: 463: 456: 455: 452: 451: 446: 440: 439: 436: 430: 429: 424: 420: 419: 409: 408: 404:Leader of the 401: 400: 397: 391: 390: 385: 379: 378: 375: 371: 370: 360: 359: 353: 352: 349: 348: 345: 344: 341: 334: 333: 330: 324: 323: 320: 314: 313: 310: 308:Prime Minister 304: 303: 293: 292: 287: 281: 280: 277: 271: 270: 267: 265:Prime Minister 261: 260: 250: 249: 243: 242: 237: 231: 230: 225: 219: 218: 216: 215: 214:Lord Northcote 212: 206: 204: 200: 199: 196: 192: 191: 181: 180: 177: 171: 170: 165: 159: 158: 156: 155: 152: 150:Lord Northcote 146: 144: 140: 139: 136: 132: 131: 121: 120: 117: 111: 110: 105: 99: 98: 93: 89: 88: 83: 79: 78: 68: 67: 60: 59: 56: 55: 53:Deakin in 1905 52: 44: 43: 40: 37:The Honourable 35: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6853: 6842: 6839: 6837: 6834: 6832: 6829: 6827: 6824: 6822: 6819: 6817: 6814: 6812: 6809: 6807: 6804: 6802: 6799: 6797: 6794: 6792: 6789: 6787: 6784: 6782: 6779: 6777: 6774: 6772: 6769: 6767: 6764: 6762: 6759: 6757: 6754: 6752: 6749: 6747: 6744: 6742: 6739: 6737: 6734: 6732: 6729: 6727: 6724: 6722: 6719: 6717: 6714: 6712: 6709: 6707: 6704: 6702: 6699: 6697: 6694: 6692: 6689: 6687: 6684: 6682: 6679: 6677: 6674: 6672: 6669: 6667: 6664: 6662: 6659: 6657: 6654: 6652: 6649: 6647: 6644: 6642: 6639: 6638: 6636: 6622: 6612: 6609: 6607: 6606:Edward Millen 6604: 6602: 6599: 6597: 6594: 6592: 6591:George Fuller 6589: 6587: 6586:Justin Foxton 6584: 6582: 6579: 6577: 6574: 6572: 6569: 6568: 6565: 6561: 6560:Alfred Deakin 6558: 6553: 6548: 6541: 6536: 6534: 6529: 6527: 6522: 6521: 6518: 6507: 6497: 6494: 6492: 6491:Samuel Mauger 6489: 6487: 6484: 6482: 6479: 6477: 6474: 6472: 6469: 6467: 6464: 6462: 6459: 6457: 6454: 6452: 6449: 6447: 6444: 6443: 6440: 6436: 6435:Alfred Deakin 6433: 6428: 6423: 6416: 6411: 6409: 6404: 6402: 6397: 6396: 6393: 6381:Alfred Deakin 6379: 6369: 6368:George Turner 6366: 6364: 6361: 6359: 6356: 6354: 6351: 6349: 6346: 6344: 6341: 6339: 6336: 6335: 6332: 6328: 6327:Alfred Deakin 6325: 6320: 6315: 6308: 6303: 6301: 6296: 6294: 6289: 6288: 6285: 6273:Edmund Barton 6271: 6261: 6260:George Turner 6258: 6256: 6253: 6251: 6248: 6246: 6243: 6241: 6238: 6236: 6233: 6231: 6228: 6226: 6225:James Dickson 6223: 6221: 6220:Alfred Deakin 6218: 6217: 6214: 6210: 6209:Edmund Barton 6207: 6202: 6197: 6190: 6185: 6183: 6178: 6176: 6171: 6170: 6167: 6157: 6147: 6141: 6138: 6136: 6133: 6131: 6128: 6126: 6123: 6121: 6118: 6116: 6113: 6111: 6108: 6106: 6103: 6101: 6098: 6096: 6093: 6091: 6088: 6086: 6083: 6081: 6078: 6076: 6073: 6071: 6068: 6066: 6063: 6061: 6058: 6056: 6053: 6051: 6048: 6046: 6043: 6041: 6038: 6036: 6033: 6031: 6028: 6026: 6023: 6021: 6018: 6016: 6013: 6011: 6008: 6006: 6003: 6001: 5998: 5996: 5993: 5991: 5988: 5986: 5983: 5981: 5978: 5976: 5973: 5971: 5968: 5966: 5963: 5961: 5958: 5957: 5954: 5949: 5945: 5938: 5933: 5931: 5926: 5924: 5919: 5918: 5915: 5906: 5897: 5896: 5890: 5886: 5883: 5880: 5876: 5875: 5868: 5867:Edmund Barton 5862: 5857: 5853: 5844: 5843: 5836: 5835:Andrew Fisher 5830: 5825: 5824: 5817: 5816:Andrew Fisher 5811: 5807: 5806:Andrew Fisher 5798: 5797: 5790: 5784: 5780: 5779:Lee Batchelor 5771: 5770: 5765: 5761: 5760:Andrew Fisher 5752: 5751: 5744: 5738: 5734: 5725: 5724: 5719: 5715: 5706: 5705: 5698: 5697:Edmund Barton 5692: 5688: 5679: 5678: 5672: 5668: 5663: 5659: 5650: 5649: 5643: 5639: 5636: 5632: 5628: 5619: 5618: 5612: 5608: 5605: 5602: 5598: 5597: 5590: 5589:Robert Harper 5584: 5580: 5579:Robert Harper 5571: 5570: 5563: 5557: 5554: 5550: 5545: 5541: 5538: 5536: 5533: 5531: 5528: 5525: 5522: 5519: 5518:Alfred Deakin 5516: 5515: 5511: 5505: 5500: 5496: 5492: 5487: 5482: 5478: 5474: 5470: 5466: 5462: 5458: 5454: 5452: 5451:0-19-550471-2 5448: 5444: 5440: 5437: 5434: 5430: 5426: 5424:9781925498660 5420: 5416: 5412: 5411:Brett, Judith 5408: 5406: 5405:0-582-87549-8 5402: 5398: 5394: 5393: 5389: 5385: 5384:0-522-84056-6 5381: 5376: 5373: 5370: 5366: 5364: 5363:1 86395 385 X 5360: 5356: 5353: 5350: 5347: 5344: 5341: 5340: 5336: 5326: 5323: 5319: 5315: 5314: 5309: 5305: 5299: 5296: 5292: 5291: 5290:Bhagavad Gita 5286: 5285: 5280: 5276: 5273:According to 5270: 5267: 5263: 5259: 5255: 5251: 5247: 5243: 5239: 5235: 5231: 5227: 5226:Staffordshire 5221: 5218: 5211: 5196: 5195: 5190: 5183: 5180: 5167: 5161: 5158: 5152: 5149: 5143: 5140: 5134: 5131: 5126: 5120: 5117: 5113: 5107: 5104: 5100: 5094: 5091: 5087: 5083: 5077: 5074: 5070: 5067:JA La Nauze. 5064: 5061: 5057: 5051: 5048: 5044: 5038: 5035: 5031: 5025: 5022: 5009: 5008:Alfred Deakin 5005: 4999: 4996: 4991: 4987: 4983: 4979: 4975: 4969: 4965: 4961: 4960: 4955: 4948: 4945: 4940: 4936: 4930: 4927: 4922: 4918: 4912: 4909: 4904: 4903: 4896: 4893: 4880: 4876: 4872: 4868: 4862: 4859: 4855: 4850: 4847: 4843: 4838: 4835: 4831: 4826: 4823: 4819: 4814: 4811: 4806: 4802: 4795: 4788: 4785: 4781: 4776: 4773: 4769: 4764: 4761: 4757: 4752: 4750: 4746: 4742: 4737: 4735: 4731: 4727: 4722: 4720: 4718: 4714: 4710: 4705: 4702: 4698: 4693: 4690: 4686: 4681: 4678: 4674: 4669: 4666: 4662: 4657: 4654: 4650: 4645: 4642: 4638: 4633: 4630: 4617: 4613: 4607: 4604: 4600: 4595: 4592: 4588: 4583: 4581: 4577: 4573: 4568: 4565: 4561: 4556: 4554: 4550: 4546: 4541: 4538: 4534: 4528: 4525: 4512: 4508: 4504: 4500: 4494: 4492: 4490: 4488: 4484: 4480: 4475: 4472: 4468: 4463: 4460: 4456: 4451: 4448: 4444: 4439: 4436: 4432: 4427: 4424: 4420: 4415: 4412: 4408: 4403: 4400: 4396: 4391: 4388: 4384: 4379: 4376: 4372: 4367: 4364: 4360: 4355: 4353: 4349: 4345: 4340: 4337: 4333: 4328: 4325: 4321: 4316: 4313: 4309: 4304: 4301: 4297: 4292: 4289: 4285: 4280: 4277: 4273: 4268: 4265: 4261: 4256: 4253: 4249: 4244: 4242: 4238: 4234: 4229: 4226: 4222: 4217: 4214: 4210: 4205: 4202: 4198: 4193: 4190: 4186: 4181: 4178: 4173: 4169: 4165: 4159: 4156: 4152: 4147: 4145: 4143: 4139: 4135: 4130: 4127: 4114: 4110: 4104: 4101: 4097: 4091: 4088: 4083: 4079: 4075: 4071: 4067: 4063: 4056: 4053: 4049: 4044: 4042: 4038: 4034: 4029: 4026: 4022: 4017: 4014: 4010: 4005: 4002: 3998: 3993: 3990: 3986: 3981: 3978: 3974: 3969: 3966: 3962: 3957: 3954: 3950: 3945: 3942: 3938: 3933: 3931: 3927: 3923: 3918: 3915: 3903: 3899: 3892: 3886: 3883: 3879: 3873: 3870: 3866: 3860: 3857: 3852: 3851: 3846: 3840: 3837: 3832: 3831: 3826: 3820: 3817: 3804: 3800: 3796: 3792: 3786: 3784: 3782: 3780: 3776: 3763: 3759: 3755: 3751: 3745: 3743: 3739: 3723: 3719: 3712: 3706: 3703: 3690: 3686: 3679: 3673: 3670: 3665: 3661: 3657: 3653: 3649: 3643: 3639: 3635: 3634: 3629: 3622: 3620: 3618: 3616: 3614: 3612: 3610: 3608: 3606: 3604: 3602: 3600: 3598: 3596: 3594: 3592: 3590: 3588: 3584: 3572: 3568: 3567: 3562: 3558: 3552: 3550: 3548: 3546: 3544: 3542: 3540: 3536: 3532: 3527: 3524: 3520: 3515: 3512: 3509:, p. 22. 3508: 3503: 3500: 3497:, p. 24. 3496: 3491: 3488: 3485:, p. 23. 3484: 3479: 3476: 3473:, p. 19. 3472: 3467: 3464: 3459: 3455: 3451: 3447: 3442: 3437: 3433: 3429: 3425: 3418: 3415: 3411: 3406: 3403: 3398: 3394: 3390: 3386: 3382: 3378: 3374: 3373:Brett, Judith 3368: 3365: 3362:, p. 16. 3361: 3356: 3354: 3350: 3346: 3341: 3338: 3334: 3329: 3326: 3322: 3317: 3314: 3310: 3305: 3302: 3298: 3293: 3290: 3286: 3281: 3279: 3275: 3271: 3266: 3263: 3258: 3252: 3248: 3241: 3238: 3232: 3227: 3223: 3220: 3218: 3215: 3213: 3210: 3208: 3205: 3203: 3200: 3199: 3195: 3190: 3186: 3183: 3178: 3175: 3174: 3172: 3168: 3164: 3160: 3157: 3155: 3151: 3148: 3145: 3142: 3141: 3139: 3135: 3132: 3131: 3130: 3125:Personal life 3124: 3122: 3120: 3119:postage stamp 3116: 3112: 3108: 3104: 3099: 3097: 3093: 3089: 3085: 3081: 3078:, Canberra's 3077: 3072: 3070: 3066: 3062: 3058: 3053: 3049: 3045: 3041: 3040:Gough Whitlam 3037: 3033: 3029: 3028:Privy Council 3025: 3017: 3013: 3006: 3004: 3002: 2997: 2995: 2994:Kylie Tennant 2991: 2990: 2984: 2982: 2978: 2970: 2966: 2961: 2951: 2948:November 2018 2942: 2938: 2935:This section 2933: 2930: 2926: 2925: 2919: 2917: 2913: 2911: 2906: 2902: 2898: 2894: 2893:Manning Clark 2889: 2886: 2882: 2879:(though more 2878: 2877:contemplative 2874: 2869: 2867: 2863: 2859: 2854: 2852: 2848: 2844: 2835: 2828: 2826: 2824: 2820: 2816: 2812: 2808: 2804: 2800: 2799:Theodore Fink 2795: 2793: 2785: 2783: 2781: 2777: 2773: 2772:state funeral 2769: 2760: 2756: 2754: 2744: 2740: 2738: 2730: 2729:neurosyphilis 2726: 2722: 2718: 2714: 2705: 2703: 2701: 2697: 2692: 2688: 2680: 2676: 2672: 2665: 2663: 2661: 2655: 2652: 2642: 2635: 2633: 2630: 2625: 2621: 2614: 2606: 2604: 2602: 2598: 2594: 2590: 2584: 2582: 2578: 2574: 2570: 2566: 2562: 2557: 2555: 2547: 2545: 2543: 2539: 2535: 2531: 2523: 2521: 2519: 2515: 2514:Andrew Fisher 2511: 2507: 2503: 2495: 2493: 2491: 2487: 2483: 2482:Hubert Murray 2479: 2474: 2471: 2470:H. B. Higgins 2467: 2462: 2460: 2456: 2447: 2441: 2434: 2432: 2430: 2426: 2421: 2415: 2413: 2409: 2402: 2397: 2390: 2388: 2386: 2382: 2378: 2377:William Booth 2374: 2370: 2366: 2362: 2361: 2354: 2352: 2348: 2347:George Turner 2344: 2339: 2335: 2329: 2327: 2323: 2322: 2317: 2312: 2310: 2306: 2301: 2296: 2295:H. B. Higgins 2292: 2283: 2277:Out of office 2276: 2274: 2270: 2268: 2264: 2263:Andrew Fisher 2255: 2253: 2251: 2244: 2240: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2225: 2223: 2219: 2214: 2209: 2206: 2198: 2196: 2194: 2190: 2186: 2182: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2169:Judiciary Act 2161: 2154: 2152: 2149: 2145: 2141: 2137: 2136: 2130: 2128: 2124: 2120: 2116: 2115:Lord Hopetoun 2112: 2109:. Deakin was 2108: 2104: 2099: 2095: 2092: 2088: 2087:Edmund Barton 2084: 2081:, and became 2080: 2076: 2067: 2060: 2059:Edmund Barton 2055: 2048: 2046: 2044: 2040: 2035: 2033: 2032: 2027: 2026:Privy Council 2023: 2019: 2015: 2011: 2010:Edmund Barton 2006: 2004: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1983: 1976: 1974: 1972: 1968: 1964: 1959: 1957: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1932: 1930: 1925: 1921: 1917: 1913: 1909: 1904: 1902: 1898: 1894: 1889: 1887: 1882: 1880: 1876: 1871: 1867: 1863: 1854: 1847: 1845: 1843: 1839: 1832: 1828: 1824: 1823: 1818: 1813: 1811: 1807: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1794:John La Nauze 1790: 1789:Victorian Bar 1786: 1782: 1779:exam for the 1778: 1777:matriculation 1773: 1771: 1766: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1745: 1736: 1729: 1727: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1700:Panic of 1847 1697: 1693: 1689: 1688: 1683: 1675: 1670: 1668: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1657:protectionism 1654: 1650: 1646: 1641: 1639: 1638:1910 election 1635: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1618: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1600: 1596: 1595:Edmund Barton 1592: 1587: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1561: 1556: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1545:Liberal Party 1542: 1538: 1534: 1533:Alfred Deakin 1524: 1514: 1512: 1507: 1502: 1501: 1500: 1499: 1492: 1489: 1487: 1486:Neoliberalism 1484: 1480: 1477: 1475: 1472: 1471: 1469: 1466: 1464: 1461: 1460: 1454: 1453: 1446: 1443: 1441: 1438: 1437: 1431: 1430: 1422: 1419: 1416: 1413: 1410: 1407: 1404: 1401: 1398: 1395: 1392: 1389: 1386: 1383: 1382: 1373: 1372: 1365: 1362: 1360: 1357: 1355: 1352: 1350: 1347: 1346: 1337: 1336: 1329: 1326: 1324: 1321: 1319: 1316: 1314: 1311: 1309: 1306: 1304: 1301: 1299: 1296: 1294: 1291: 1289: 1286: 1285: 1279: 1278: 1274: 1270: 1269: 1266: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1251: 1241: 1236: 1234: 1229: 1227: 1222: 1221: 1219: 1218: 1214: 1207: 1204: 1202: 1199: 1197: 1194: 1193: 1192: 1191: 1184: 1181: 1179: 1176: 1174: 1171: 1170: 1169: 1168: 1161: 1158: 1156: 1153: 1151: 1148: 1147: 1146: 1145: 1143: 1135: 1132: 1131: 1130: 1129: 1127: 1119: 1116: 1115: 1114: 1113: 1111: 1105: 1104: 1097: 1094: 1092: 1091:1901 election 1089: 1088: 1084: 1082: 1076: 1075: 1071: 1068: 1066: 1063: 1062: 1061: 1060: 1051: 1049:Alfred Deakin 1036: 1033: 1029: 1028: 1024: 1016: 1012: 1008: 1004: 1001: 998: 994: 987: 984: 982: 979: 978: 976: 972: 965: 962: 959: 956: 953: 950: 949: 947: 943: 940: 936: 933:3, including 932: 928: 912: 911:Pattie Browne 907: 903: 896: 893: 890: 889:Protectionist 887: 884: 881: 880: 878: 874: 871: 868: 866:Resting place 864: 860: 851: 847: 844: 840: 836:3 August 1856 828: 824: 819: 815: 808:Robert Harper 807: 801: 798: 795: 789: 783: 778: 775: 772: 766: 763: 762:Robert Harper 760: 754: 748: 743: 740: 737: 733: 730: 727: 721: 718: 715: 709: 703: 698: 695: 690: 687: 684: 678: 675: 672: 666: 660: 655: 652: 646: 640: 636: 632: 625: 621: 614: 611: 605: 602: 599: 593: 590:Edmund Barton 589: 583: 577: 572: 569: 565: 562: 559: 553: 550:Edmund Barton 549: 543: 539: 533: 527: 522: 519: 518:Lee Batchelor 516: 510: 506: 500: 496: 490: 484: 479: 476: 472: 468: 464:Cabinet posts 461: 457: 450: 447: 441: 438:Edmund Barton 437: 431: 428: 425: 421: 415: 410: 407: 402: 398: 392: 389: 386: 380: 376: 372: 366: 361: 358: 354: 350: 346: 339: 335: 332:Andrew Fisher 331: 325: 321: 315: 312:Andrew Fisher 311: 305: 299: 294: 291: 288: 282: 279:Andrew Fisher 278: 272: 269:Andrew Fisher 268: 262: 256: 251: 248: 244: 241: 238: 232: 229: 228:Edmund Barton 226: 220: 213: 211: 210:Lord Tennyson 208: 207: 205: 201: 197: 193: 187: 182: 179:Andrew Fisher 178: 172: 169: 166: 160: 153: 151: 148: 147: 145: 141: 137: 133: 127: 122: 119:Andrew Fisher 118: 112: 109: 108:Andrew Fisher 106: 100: 97: 94: 90: 87: 84: 80: 74: 69: 66: 61: 57: 50: 45: 41:Alfred Deakin 38: 33: 30: 19: 6581:John Forrest 6559: 6556: 6486:William Lyne 6481:John Keating 6476:Isaac Isaacs 6461:John Forrest 6456:Thomas Ewing 6434: 6431: 6358:William Lyne 6348:John Forrest 6326: 6323: 6250:William Lyne 6235:John Forrest 6219: 6205: 5989: 5979: 5964: 5893: 5888: 5881: 5872: 5840: 5821: 5794: 5767: 5748: 5733:Billy Hughes 5721: 5714:Chris Watson 5702: 5675: 5670: 5646: 5642:New division 5641: 5627:Edward Warde 5615: 5611:New district 5610: 5603: 5594: 5567: 5544:LibraryThing 5503: 5490: 5472: 5460: 5442: 5432: 5414: 5396: 5337:Bibliography 5325: 5317: 5311: 5307: 5303: 5298: 5288: 5282: 5281:of both the 5275:Brett (2017) 5269: 5220: 5198:. Retrieved 5192: 5182: 5170:. Retrieved 5160: 5151: 5142: 5133: 5119: 5111: 5106: 5098: 5093: 5085: 5081: 5076: 5068: 5063: 5055: 5050: 5042: 5037: 5029: 5024: 5012:. Retrieved 5007: 4998: 4957: 4947: 4938: 4929: 4920: 4911: 4901: 4895: 4883:. Retrieved 4879:the original 4870: 4861: 4849: 4837: 4825: 4813: 4804: 4800: 4787: 4775: 4763: 4704: 4692: 4680: 4668: 4656: 4644: 4632: 4620:. Retrieved 4615: 4606: 4594: 4567: 4540: 4532: 4527: 4515:. Retrieved 4511:the original 4502: 4474: 4462: 4450: 4438: 4426: 4414: 4402: 4390: 4378: 4366: 4339: 4327: 4315: 4303: 4291: 4279: 4267: 4255: 4228: 4216: 4204: 4192: 4180: 4167: 4158: 4129: 4117:. Retrieved 4112: 4103: 4095: 4090: 4065: 4061: 4055: 4028: 4016: 4004: 3992: 3980: 3968: 3956: 3944: 3917: 3905:. Retrieved 3897: 3885: 3877: 3872: 3864: 3859: 3848: 3839: 3828: 3819: 3807:. Retrieved 3803:the original 3794: 3766:. Retrieved 3762:the original 3753: 3729:. Retrieved 3722:the original 3717: 3705: 3693:. 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Retrieved 3564: 3526: 3514: 3502: 3490: 3478: 3466: 3431: 3427: 3417: 3405: 3383:(1): 69–70. 3380: 3376: 3367: 3347:, p. 8. 3340: 3328: 3323:, p. 6. 3316: 3311:, p. 3. 3304: 3299:, p. 5. 3292: 3287:, p. 4. 3272:, p. 7. 3265: 3246: 3240: 3128: 3100: 3073: 3036:Chris Watson 3021: 2998: 2987: 2985: 2977:William Lyne 2973: 2945: 2941:adding to it 2936: 2914: 2908:large where 2896: 2890: 2870: 2855: 2840: 2829:Spirituality 2822: 2818: 2814: 2811:Morning Post 2810: 2796: 2791: 2789: 2765: 2749: 2713:hypertension 2709: 2696:Billy Hughes 2684: 2656: 2647: 2616: 2607:Final defeat 2585: 2558: 2551: 2542:William Lyne 2534:conservative 2527: 2502:Billy Hughes 2499: 2489: 2475: 2466:Isaac Isaacs 2463: 2451: 2419: 2416: 2405: 2365:Morning Post 2364: 2358: 2355: 2334:Billy Hughes 2330: 2319: 2313: 2309:John Forrest 2288: 2271: 2259: 2250:Brett (2017) 2246: 2242: 2226: 2222:Chris Watson 2210: 2202: 2168: 2166: 2133: 2131: 2122: 2100: 2096: 2072: 2036: 2029: 2007: 1991:Henry Parkes 1988: 1960: 1952:New 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