1063:, writes, "This book is based on the awareness that the Indian struggle for socialism today is related to the struggle for the Indian philosophical heritage." Chattopadhaya is, he says, convinced that an analysis of philosophical materials of India will lead, "if rightly followed," to Marxism in India. He calls the book the "most powerful ideological weapon" to "destroy the fiction of Indian wisdom being essentially God oriented.". Reviewing the same book Dale Riepe calls it the most complete study of its kind; "its special importance lies in its iconoclasm toppling the idols of European and Indian accounts of early Indian religion and philosophy". He notes that the book ends with "another 140 pages of text with staggering load of argument that will make rationalists and theists alike somewhat dizzy". Noticing that Chattopadhyaya's book is markedly different from the mainstream scholarship on Indian philosophy he calls it "a work almost unique in the history of Indian philosophy".
1056:, citing pre-Vedic Tantra traditions of a matriarchal society to be the foundation of original Samkhya." But disagreeing with this conclusion of Chattopadhyaya he says, "To argue... for an archaic agricultural-matriarchal tradition of mother-right and a pastoral-patriarchal tradition of male dominance and then to trace in a direct one-to-one correlation of a Samkhya materialism to the former and a Vedanta idealism to the latter is clearly an oversimplification that reflects Chattopadhyaya's political ideology more than it does India's ancient cultural heritage." Concluding the review Larson avers "what begins as a refreshing anthropological methodology for studying ancient thought and culture is reduced to an ideological perspective designed to show that... private property and the state machinery are not eternal adjuncts to human existence..." and that "...the spiritualistic outlook is not innate in man".
1074:"a work of originality and world significance...a fully-founded work showing the philosophical implications of historical considerations." Chattopadhyaya is a proponent of historical and dialectical materialism, writes Riepe, and Chattopadhyaya's book, according to Riepe, is a classic. Giving an overview of Debiprasad's other books Riepe writes, "These indications of the herculean efforts of Debiprasad are earnest tokens of his awareness of the great work still to be done for Indian philosophy. Although he has planted almost alone in the Indian fields, others are slowly harvesting the results at home and abroad where his renown is exceeding many of the leading idealists".
973:, the crucial source book on Indian medicine. According to Chattopadhyaya, "discarding scripture orientation, they insist on the supreme importance of direct observation of natural phenomena and on the technique of rational processing of the empirical data. They go even to the extent of claiming that the truth of any conclusion thus arrived at is to be tested ultimately by the criterion of practice". For them, "everything in nature occurs according to some immutable laws, the body of which is usually called
1083:
not simply ideological, conceptual and literary, as fine a work as
Dasgupta has achieved, it is bound to the idealistic viewpoint even when he uses important physical data. Debiprasad stresses the need to establish the historical account of Indian thought on the basis of an objective and scientific approach. This implies the use of all relevant scientific methods and scientific knowledge in order to explain the rise of Indian philosophy and interpret its significance in the history of India.
719:. His father was a supporter of India's freedom struggle. It was probably his influence that initiated Debiprasad to two major passions in his life – Indian philosophy and politics; he quickly progressed towards radical streams in both fields, developing a lifelong commitment to Marxism and communist movement. At a very early stage of his life Chattopadhyaya immersed himself in the left nationalist movement by joining the
1020:
This book is meant to be a "guide or introduction" to Lenin's philosophical writings. It seeks "to lead the readers to the actual study of Lenin, providing them with some clarifications, annotations and summations that they may be useful only for the limited of a preliminary acquaintance with Lenin's
904:
In the
Preface, Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya says his purpose in this book is to present "an analysis of our philosophical traditions from the standpoint of our present philosophical requirements. These requirements, as understood here, are secularism, rationalism and science-orientation". He once again
1135:
have an ambiguous character, which, when dissected, reveals the intense struggle between the theological philosophers on the one hand, and the doctors who strove for a truly scientific view of the world, on the other. It is unmistakably a chapter in the 'warfare of science with religion'...I do feel
1082:
Debiprasad's approach here is based on anthropological and archaeological findings, in sharp contrast to the mythopoeic constructions of the revivalists and Indian philosophers following the lead of modern
Western idealism. Debiprasad's approach, in contrast to his teacher, Surendranath Dasgupta, is
1091:
have been praised as pioneering and important contributions to the studies by
Ramakrishna Bhattacharya. However, Bhattacharya also questions Chattopadhyaya analysis. For example, Ramkrishna Bhattacharya states, "Chattopadhyaya did not deny Ajita Kesakambali was a materialist, but chose to emphasize
1016:
etc., on the other. Chattopadhyaya opined "that in these grim and anxious days through which India today is passing, that which holds hope for our future is the growing awareness of our people of socialism being the only way out". And, "an essential pre-condition for moving forward to
Socialism is
1077:
According to
Chattopadhyaya, states Riepe, "Buddha looked backwards to the tribal collectives and wanted to revive... the imaginary substance of the tribe...". According to Dale Riepe, "Chattopadhyaya claims most of the ancient Indian traditional philosophers were atheists", and contrasting the
940:
were most outspoken in this regard, "after a knowledge is proved true in practice, there remains no doubt about the proof; hence the question of proving does not arise". On the other hand, the idealists believed in complete separation between theory and practice. They adhered to, in the words of
831:, which consistently denied the existence of brahman and viewed pratyaksa (perception) as the sole means of knowledge. He demolished the so-called "interpretation of synthesis" which sought to combine the diverse philosophical traditions of India to form a ladder that leads to the philosophy of
868:
or textual interpretation. He views the development of Indian philosophy as the consequence of real clashes of ideas – "contradiction constituted the moving force behind the Indian philosophical development". Dale Riepe in his review of this book says that
Chattopadhyaya "combines the analytic
1115:
and other texts, was one of the most significant contributions, states
Rajendra Prasad. Chattopadhyaya's pursuit, notes Prasad, was "a result of much of his commitment to values of scholarship" as to the "communist movement" in India. His efforts to explain materialism and atheism in Indian
963:
in ancient India and how societal divisions of the time shaped the development of science. Debiprasad
Chattopadhyaya chooses the field of medicine for the purpose, because, according to him, "the only discipline that promises to be fully secular and contains clear potentials of the modern
879:
This is yet another provocative critique of the standard accounts of Indian philosophy and religion. This book brings out a coherent historical account of atheism in India. In fact, according to
Chattopadhyaya, "an unbiased survey of the Vedas clearly shows the total absence of religious
982:"If anywhere in ancient Indian thought we are permitted to see the real anticipation of the view that knowledge is power – which, when further worked out, assumes the formulation that freedom is the recognition of necessity – it is to be found among the practitioners of the healing art".
815:
called him a "thought-reformer", who was "conscious of his great responsibility towards his people living in a period of struggle for national awakening and of world-wide fighting for the forces of materialism, progress, humanism and peace against imperialism. He has written this book
912:
The book also endeavours to demonstrate how Indian philosophy was not any exception to the sharp conflicts between idealism and materialism, which are universally evident in the philosophical traditions of other regions. Further, it considers the role of the law-givers like
905:
finds the philosophical development – debates and clashes – in ancient India embedded in the class struggles of the time. He discusses the materialist foundation of Vedic rituals, which he finds similar to the magical belief of controlling the natural forces through
761:
Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya's work on materialism and scientific method led to his active interactions with the international community of philosophers, historians and Indologists. He collaborated with some of the outstanding western scholars of the 20th century, like
1116:
philosophy in its antiquity, against the old fashioned conception that India was and is the land of dreamers and mystics, required "tremendous intellectual courage", yet "Chattopadhyaya never flinched in the face of isolation in his own profession".
742:. He taught philosophy at the City College of Calcutta for three decades. Subsequently, he was appointed a UGC Visiting Professor at the universities of Andhra Pradesh, Calcutta and Poona. He remained associated with the activities of the
1126:
wrote: "Your book will have a truly treasured place on my shelves. It is truly extraordinary that we should have approached ancient Chinese and ancient Indian civilisations with such similar results...." About Chattopadhayay's 1977 book,
846:
and the primitive rituals related to it" and to reveal how these could "be connected with the mode of securing the material means of subsistence". He also traced "the course of development this archaic outlook eventually underwent".
977:
in Indian thought" and "from the medical viewpoint there can be nothing which is not made of matter". They even say that "a substance is called conscious when it is endowed with the sense-organs". Further, Chattopadhyaya shows:
857:
It was an introductory book that examined Indian philosophy through an interdisciplinary approach, drawing on anthropological, economic and philological studies. The book traced the philosophical development in India from the
2922:
1028:
in his overall appreciative review of the book criticised Chattopadhyaya for not explaining "in a sufficiently convincing way as to why Lenin thought it necessary to go to Hegel in his later years", as evident from his
3660:
2631:
909:, etc. He shows how these rites and rituals that evolved as primitive scientific endeavours were transformed into superstitions and monopolies in the hands of the oppressors with the advent of class divisions.
747:
827:. "From the scattered references in the ancient philosophical literature which were completely hostile to the ancient materialist schools, Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya reconstructed the philosophy of
3685:
2099:
1044:
Gerald Larson sees Chattopadhyaya's writings on ancient Indian philosophies as the most interesting and sustained Marxist interpretation of Indian thought. Reviewing Chattopadhyaya's writings on
811:
In his writings, Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya aimed to illuminate science and materialism in ancient India, and to trace their evolution. While commenting on his work on Lokayata, German indologist
688:
862:
to later Buddhism. In this introductory study, Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya targets another important myth that overshadows the study of Indian philosophy – that of the presupposed predominance of
2915:
645:
2556:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
2354:
2908:
1150:
Eli Franco called Chattopadhyaya's work on the history of Indian philosophy "Marxist science fiction," noting, among other things, Chattopadhyaya's ignorance of the materialism of
3680:
1296:
1017:
the consolidation of Socialist consciousness in its right sense among the Indians today", for which "it is imperative to understand and absorb the philosophical views of Lenin".
2638:
899:
3595:
2051:
1169:
806:
675:
108:
1264:
2744:
638:
2764:
2109:
949:(the unreality of the objects of knowledge), which, according to Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya, formed "the real pivot of idealism throughout its Indian career".
2759:
1048:
philosophy he observes, "Chattopadhyaya proceeds to reconstruct what the original Samkhya position was, claiming that the classical notion did not include
2715:
2432:
2427:
990:, which was enforced by the law-givers and their justificatory idealist ideologies, formed obstructions in the way of scientific development in India.
3600:
2754:
631:
219:
2119:
2004:
3645:
3605:
3590:
2749:
3675:
3665:
617:
2074:
3610:
2395:
743:
2610:
2593:
775:
767:
2622:
2094:
2044:
1461:
3640:
1876:
1859:
1842:
1825:
1808:
1791:
1774:
1741:
1721:
1704:
1687:
1319:
1283:
1994:
2880:
2437:
1415:
1306:
40:
3655:
2342:
2236:
2089:
720:
227:
1921:
726:
Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya obtained his academic training in philosophy in Calcutta, West Bengal under eminent philosophers like
3630:
2322:
2241:
2153:
1977:
1078:
approach taken by Debiprasad with the approach taken by followers of modern Western idealism like S.N. Dasgupta, Riepe writes:
2327:
3670:
3162:
2136:
2037:
1373:. Translated by Mrinalkanti Gangopadhyaya, with an introduction by Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya (1982) Calcutta: Indian Studies.
3364:
2605:
556:
143:
1483:
Most of the biographical materials are extracted from S.K. Biswas, "Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya – The Modern Indian Sage",
1239:
History of Science and Technology in Ancient India Volume 2: Formation of the Theoretical Fundamentals of Natural Science
3635:
2956:
2673:
2598:
2185:
1736:
J Quack (2011), Disenchanting India: Organized Rationalism and Criticism of Religion in India, Oxford University Press,
1001:
2652:
2588:
2479:
2274:
2205:
1334:
Studies in the History of Indian Philosophy: An anthology of articles by scholars Eastern and Western. In 2 Volumes.
917:
in establishing the supremacy of the idealist traditions, and how due to the censor and censure anti-idealists like
3650:
3620:
3288:
3273:
3258:
2666:
2544:
2104:
3475:
3233:
2502:
2366:
2349:
2190:
2084:
812:
771:
3625:
3615:
2848:
2722:
2454:
2332:
2309:
779:
727:
612:
2017:
1147:
wrote: "The book is of definite value and deserves to be carefully studied by Indologists and sociologists."
3193:
2885:
2860:
2736:
2175:
2124:
1716:
Gerald Larson (2011), Classical Sāṃkhya: An Interpretation of Its History and Meaning, Motilal Banarsidass,
1699:
Gerald Larson (2011), Classical Sāṃkhya: An Interpretation of Its History and Meaning, Motilal Banarsidass,
1682:
Gerald Larson (2011), Classical Sāṃkhya: An Interpretation of Its History and Meaning, Motilal Banarsidass,
1031:
339:
274:
122:
932:
Like elsewhere, in India too anti-idealists and materialists took practice as the main criterion of truth.
3505:
3470:
3439:
3414:
3379:
3333:
3177:
3097:
3026:
2996:
2865:
2507:
2400:
2388:
2317:
2226:
2221:
2180:
839:
735:
493:
434:
136:
96:
3424:
3404:
3308:
2986:
2951:
2729:
2645:
2551:
2497:
2376:
2289:
2148:
2131:
2079:
2060:
1108:". Bhattacharya notes that "Chattopadhyaya brands Ajita's teachings as a philosophy of the graveyard".
414:
176:
1760:
by Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya, Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, Vol. 31, No. 2, pages. 304-306
3585:
3580:
3263:
3203:
3127:
2870:
2855:
2811:
2794:
2687:
2514:
2474:
2459:
2442:
2371:
2361:
2269:
2195:
2170:
2165:
2114:
1025:
459:
190:
20:
3510:
3359:
3338:
3208:
2573:
2529:
2524:
2415:
2231:
823:
This study questioned the mainstream view that Indian philosophy's sole concern was the concept of
319:
269:
3495:
3429:
3323:
3313:
3243:
3102:
3001:
2580:
2519:
2489:
2449:
2294:
2279:
2264:
2143:
1136:
that your philological and philosophical analysis has been here a really splendid contribution."
684:
379:
334:
299:
249:
1253:(2002) G. Ramakrishna and Sanjay K. Biswas (Eds) Bangalore: Navakarnataka Publications Pvt. Ltd.
1488:
3485:
3318:
3213:
3142:
3132:
3122:
3016:
3011:
2991:
2843:
2680:
2539:
1872:
1855:
1838:
1821:
1804:
1787:
1770:
1737:
1717:
1700:
1683:
1411:
1315:
1302:
960:
926:
820:
against the old fashioned conception that India was and is the land of dreamers and mystics".
670:
584:
354:
132:
2900:
1105:
3399:
3283:
3167:
3147:
3112:
3041:
3036:
3006:
2961:
2946:
2708:
2701:
2694:
2659:
2337:
1151:
589:
429:
374:
359:
344:
309:
171:
1245:
History of Science and Technology in Ancient India Volume 3: Astronomy, Science and Society
1131:, he said: "I feel that you have entirely proved your case that the Caraka-samhita and the
3455:
3328:
3298:
3228:
3172:
3046:
2833:
2816:
2534:
2022:
1326:
1132:
942:
832:
409:
404:
329:
324:
279:
2469:
1301:, Translated by Lama Chimpa and Alka Chattopadhyaya. (1970) Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass.
1272:(1989) edited by Biswas, Mallik and Vishveshwara. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
3465:
3434:
3409:
3293:
3268:
3223:
3218:
3198:
3087:
3062:
2981:
2422:
1365:
Philosophy, Science, and Social Progress: Essays in honour of Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya
1123:
969:
763:
739:
738:
both in B.A. (1939) and M.A. (1942), he did his post-graduate research work under Prof
731:
544:
471:
419:
399:
349:
314:
294:
1989:
986:
Chattopadhyaya also tries to show in the book, how societal divisions, especially the
3574:
3500:
3480:
3460:
3419:
3389:
3374:
3278:
3253:
3152:
3082:
3077:
3067:
2931:
2875:
2568:
2563:
1005:
704:
594:
510:
449:
424:
384:
244:
1854:
Dale Riepe (1979), Indian Philosophy since Independence, John Benjamins Publishing,
1837:
Dale Riepe (1979), Indian Philosophy since Independence, John Benjamins Publishing,
1820:
Dale Riepe (1979), Indian Philosophy since Independence, John Benjamins Publishing,
1803:
Dale Riepe (1979), Indian Philosophy since Independence, John Benjamins Publishing,
1786:
Dale Riepe (1979), Indian Philosophy since Independence, John Benjamins Publishing,
1769:
Dale Riepe (1979), Indian Philosophy since Independence, John Benjamins Publishing,
3394:
3137:
3072:
3031:
2966:
2464:
2410:
2405:
2383:
1251:
Musings in Ideology- An Anthology of Analytical Essays by Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya
987:
918:
859:
755:
754:(CSIR) under various capacities. His second wife was the renowned educationist and
488:
444:
394:
389:
364:
264:
259:
254:
2200:
1053:
1000:
This book was written in the context of growing state authoritarianism during the
1207:
1111:
Chattopadhyaya's rational reconstruction of the history of Indian materialism in
3490:
3238:
3107:
3092:
2971:
2806:
2779:
1983:
1367:(ed. Suman Gupta and Hiltrud Rustau)(1992) New Delhi: People's Publishing House.
1352:
Carvaka/Lokayata : An Anthology of Source Materials and Some Recent Studies
1144:
937:
922:
914:
864:
666:
579:
539:
454:
369:
289:
152:
1871:
Ramkrishna Bhattacharya (2011), Studies on the Carvaka/Lokayata, Anthem Press,
1669:
E.M.S. Namboodiripad, "Dialectical" Materialism and Dialectical "Materialism",
3343:
3157:
2784:
1282:"On the Alleged Unity of Religions" S. Radhakrishnan Memorial Lecture (1992).
1092:
that 'Ajita was no less a philosopher of futility and moral collapse than the
885:
751:
515:
498:
439:
304:
156:
1340:
The History of Botany and Allied Sciences in India (c. 2000 B.C. to 100 A.D.)
3384:
3117:
2158:
2007:
History of Science and Technology in Ancient India Volume 1: The Beginnings.
1013:
1009:
527:
1221:
History of Science and Technology in Ancient India Volume 1: The Beginnings
3248:
2838:
2801:
1097:
974:
828:
786:
716:
700:
680:
148:
2029:
3303:
2789:
1892:
1757:
1088:
1049:
1045:
824:
696:
662:
574:
203:
164:
160:
60:
39:
1410:(Seventh ed.). New Delhi: People's Publishing House. p. xi.
3021:
2976:
2248:
1979:
Lokayata: A Study in Ancient Indian Materialism (1959, first edition)
1101:
1093:
1008:, on the one hand, and the upsurge of rightist forces in the form of
906:
881:
19:
For the Founder of the Indian Council of Philosophical Research, see
1536:
Dale Riepe, Review of "Indian Philosophy – A Popular Introduction",
1211:(1983, with G. Ramakrishna & N. Gayathri) Calcutta: K.P. Bagchi.
1498:
Quoted in Rajendra Prasad, "Obituary – Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya",
2284:
933:
284:
748:
National Institute of Science, Technology and Development Studies
746:(ICHR), Indian Council of Philosophical Research (ICPHR) and the
2299:
967:
The main concentration of the book is to present an analysis of
707:, India's third highest civilian honour, posthumously, in 1998.
2904:
2033:
1215:
Knowledge and intervention:Studies in society and consciousness
3661:
Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in literature & education
665:
philosopher. He made contributions to the exploration of the
888:
is misapplied to such an early stage of the Vedic thought".
1354:(1994) New Delhi: Indian Council of Philosophical Research.
893:
What is Living and What is Dead in Indian Philosophy (1976)
884:
is full of relics of this stage of thought. Even the world
1371:
Nyaya: Gautama's Nyaya-sutra, with Vatsyayana's Commentary
929:, developing their own modes of camouflaging their ideas.
715:
Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya was born on 19 November 1918 in
1511:
Rajendra Prasad, "Obituary – Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya",
1450:. New Delhi: People's Publishing House. p. xxvi-ii.
1389:
1387:
1348:. In 2 Volumes. (1983) New Delhi: Editorial Enterprises.
1052:, and that the most important notion in the Samkhya is
869:
sagacity of Hume with the impatient realism of Lenin".
842:
to study "the ultimate material basis of the primitive
1964:
Eli Franco, Perception Knowledge and Disbelief, p. XII
1435:. New Delhi: People's Publishing House. p. xviii.
838:
Being a Marxist, Chattopadhyaya's uses the method of
1550:
What is Living and What is Dead in Indian Philosophy
1462:"Indian rationalism, Charvaka to Narendra Dabholkar"
1189:
What is Living and What is Dead in Indian Philosophy
900:
What is Living and What is Dead in Indian Philosophy
3686:
Members of the German Academy of Sciences at Berlin
3448:
3352:
3186:
3055:
2939:
2824:
2773:
2621:
2488:
2308:
2257:
2214:
2067:
1895:, Social Scientist, Vol. 21, No. 5/6, pages 102-105
1325:History and Society: Essays in Honour of Professor
196:
182:
170:
142:
128:
118:
102:
92:
84:
68:
46:
30:
2018:Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya: The Modern Indian Sage.
1995:Fifty Years of Lokayata by Ramkrishna Bhattacharya
1758:Reviewed Work: Indian Atheism (A Marxist Analysis)
758:, Dr. Alaka Majumder Chattopadhyaya (1926–1998).
1408:Lokayata: A Study in Ancient Indian Materialism
1170:Lokayata: A Study in Ancient Indian Materialism
1113:Lokayata: A Study in Ancient Indian Materialism
1080:
964:understanding of natural science is medicine".
818:Lokayata: A Study in Ancient Indian Materialism
807:Lokayata: A Study in Ancient Indian Materialism
799:Lokayata: A Study in Ancient Indian Materialism
752:Council of Scientific & Industrial Research
679:, which is his exposition of the philosophy of
676:Lokayata: A Study in Ancient Indian Materialism
109:Lokayata: A Study in Ancient Indian Materialism
2557:Christian thought on persecution and tolerance
1952:Lokayata:A study in Ancient Indian Materialism
1907:Lokayata:A study in Ancient Indian Materialism
1752:
1750:
1487:, Vol 65 No 11, 10 December 1993, pp. 889–891
1087:The various publications of Chattopadhyaya on
661:(19 November 1918 – 8 May 1993) was an Indian
2916:
2045:
1229:(1987). Bangalore:Navakarnataka Publications.
1191:(1976 ) New Delhi: People's Publishing House.
925:worked out their philosophies in distinctive
639:
8:
3681:Academic staff of the University of Calcutta
1235:(1989) New Delhi: People's Publishing House.
1179:(1964) New Delhi: People's Publishing House.
1173:(1959) New Delhi: People's Publishing House.
1938:Publisher's website citing the book's blurb
1732:
1730:
1515:, Vol 21 No 5-6, May–June 1993, pp. 102–105
1502:, Vol 21 No 5-6, May–June 1993, pp. 102–105
1312:Indian Studies: Past and Present, 1969-1970
1059:Johannes Quack, in his preface to the book
954:Science and Society in Ancient India (1977)
880:consciousness in its earlier stage and the
852:Indian Philosophy: A Popular Outline (1964)
2923:
2909:
2901:
2716:The Gospel of the Flying Spaghetti Monster
2052:
2038:
2030:
1346:Studies in the History of Science in India
1233:In Defence of Materialism in Ancient India
646:
632:
214:
38:
27:
1887:
1885:
1177:Indian Philosophy: A Popular Introduction
874:Indian Atheism: A Marxist Analysis (1969)
188:History of Indian Materialism and Science
1538:Philosophy and Phenomenological Research
1298:Taranatha’s History of Buddhism in India
1208:An Encyclopaedia of South Indian Culture
1197:(1977).Prasaranga, University of Mysore.
734:. After standing first in philosophy at
3596:20th-century Indian non-fiction writers
1990:Science and Philosophy in Ancient India
1540:, Vol 26 No 4, (June 1966), pp. 611–612
1383:
1342:(1982) New Delhi: Editorial Enterprise.
226:
1922:"Science and Society in Ancient India"
1203:(1979) New Delhi: Sterling Publishers.
16:Indian Marxist philosopher (1918–1993)
744:Indian Council of Historical Research
7:
3158:Vishnu Vaman Shirwadkar (Kusumagraj)
2012:Indian Journal of History of Science
1574:Science and Society in Ancient India
1265:Making of Astronomy in Ancient India
1139:Commenting on Chattopadhyaya's book
1129:Science and Society in Ancient India
1068:Indian Philosophy Since Independence
693:Science and Society in Ancient India
1406:Chattopadhyaya, Debiprasad (1992).
618:Indian People's Theatre Association
1950:Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya (1959).
1905:Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya (1959).
1673:, Vol 10 No 4 (Apr 1982), pp.52–59
1284:Indian Institute of Advanced Study
1183:Indian Atheism: A Marxist Analysis
1061:Indian Atheism: A Marxist Analysis
721:Association of Progressive Writers
689:scientific method in ancient India
14:
1879:, page 27 with footnote 31, 67-76
3601:20th-century Indian philosophers
2120:Unification Church in Japan
1982:by Debiprasad Chattopadhayay on
1070:, Dale Riepe calls Debiprasad's
2001:, Vol. 43, No. 12-15, Oct 2010.
1336:(1978). K.P. Bagchi and Company
1314:(1970) Scholarly Publications.
1195:Two Trends in Indian Philosophy
683:. He is also known for work on
195:
3646:Indian social sciences writers
3606:Scholars of ancient philosophy
3591:20th-century Indian historians
3163:Kuthur Ramakrishnan Srinivasan
2745:Books critical of Christianity
1:
3676:University of Calcutta alumni
3666:Sanskrit scholars from Bengal
3365:Sivaramakrishna Chandrasekhar
2765:Books critical of Scientology
995:Lenin, the Philosopher (1979)
228:Progressive Writers' Movement
3611:Indian historians of science
2957:Purushottam Laxman Deshpande
2934:award recipients (1990–1999)
2674:Letter to a Christian Nation
1446:Chattopadhyaya, Debiprasad.
1431:Chattopadhyaya, Debiprasad.
1154:, the great Indian skeptic.
723:, which was formed in 1936.
2760:Books critical of Mormonism
1988:Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya,
1223:(1986) Calcutta: Firma KLM.
691:, especially his 1977 book
3702:
3289:Dalsukh Dahyabhai Malvania
3274:Ramachandra Datatraya Lele
3259:Krishnaswamy Kasturirangan
2667:God: The Failed Hypothesis
2653:God in the Age of Science?
2026:, Vol 65, No.11, Dec 1993.
1247:(1996) Calcutta:Firma KLM.
1241:(1991) Calcutta:Firma KLM.
1217:(1985) Calcutta: Firma KLM
897:
804:
780:USSR Academies of Sciences
695:on the ancient physicians
18:
3641:Indian technology writers
3519:
3370:Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya
3234:Vavilala Gopalakrishnayya
2755:Books critical of Judaism
2100:Latter Day Saint movement
1928:. K.P. Bagchi and Company
1893:Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya
1185:(1969) Calcutta: Manisha.
659:Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya
477:Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya
209:
114:
37:
32:Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya
2723:Why I Am Not a Christian
2310:Religious discrimination
1891:Rajendra Prasad (1993),
728:Sarvapalli Radhakrishnan
613:Communist Party of India
3656:Philosophers of history
3521:# Posthumous conferral
3194:Bijoy Chandra Bhagavati
2861:Criticism of monotheism
2750:Books critical of Islam
2737:The Demon-Haunted World
2594:Anti-Christian violence
2125:Westboro Baptist Church
1032:Philosophical Notebooks
774:. He was fellow of the
340:Ghulam Mustafa Tabassum
123:20th-century philosophy
3631:Indian Marxist writers
3506:Shivmangal Singh Suman
3471:Sohrab Pirojsha Godrej
3440:Panangipalli Venugopal
3415:Vaidyeswaran Rajaraman
3380:Gurbaksh Singh Dhillon
3334:Brihaspati Dev Triguna
3178:Jiwan Singh Umranangal
3098:Narayan Singh Manaklao
2997:Hirendranath Mukherjee
2181:New religious movement
1954:. pp. back cover.
1909:. pp. back cover.
1756:Dale M. Riepe (1970),
1646:Lenin, the Philosopher
1201:Lenin, the Philosopher
1085:
1021:philosophical ideas".
840:historical materialism
736:University of Calcutta
494:Pramod Ranjan Sengupta
435:Salaam Machhalishahari
137:Continental philosophy
97:University of Calcutta
3671:Scholars from Kolkata
3425:Vempati Chinna Satyam
3405:Rajendra Singh Paroda
3309:Setumadhavarao Pagadi
2987:Bimal Krishna Matilal
2952:Bimal Kumar Bachhawat
2812:Nontheistic religions
2730:Why I Am Not a Muslim
2646:Christianity Unveiled
2110:Seventh-day Adventist
2061:Criticism of religion
703:. He was awarded the
607:Related Organisations
415:Muhammad Ali Siddiqui
177:Surendranath Dasgupta
3339:K. Venkatalakshamma
3264:Triloki Nath Khoshoo
3204:Hariprasad Chaurasia
3128:Shakuntala Paranjpye
2856:Criticism of atheism
2688:The Blind Watchmaker
2270:Charles Taze Russell
2115:Unification movement
1227:Religion and Society
1026:E.M.S. Namboodiripad
770:, Bongard Levin and
460:Mohiuddin Qadri Zore
191:Political philosophy
21:D. P. Chattopadhyaya
3636:Indian materialists
3511:Ram Kinkar Upadhyay
3360:U. R. Ananthamurthy
3209:Thayil John Cherian
2237:Mormon sacred texts
2095:Jehovah's Witnesses
1270:Cosmic Perspectives
1119:Endorsing the book
959:This book is about
945:, the principle of
669:current in ancient
320:Shahid Ahmad Dehlvi
270:Razia Sajjad Zaheer
3496:Vidya Niwas Mishra
3430:Laxmi Mall Singhvi
3324:Mrinalini Sarabhai
3314:Hasmukhbhai Parekh
3244:Hakim Abdul Hameed
3103:Muthu Krishna Mani
3002:C. D. Narasimhaiah
2639:Breaking the Spell
2581:Sectarian violence
2490:Religious violence
2438:Oriental Orthodoxy
2295:Mirza Ghulam Ahmad
2154:Twelver Shia Islam
947:bahyartha-sunyatva
685:history of science
673:. He is known for
380:Ahmad Nadeem Qasmi
335:Majrooh Sultanpuri
300:Saadat Hasan Manto
3651:Marxist theorists
3621:Indian communists
3568:
3567:
3486:D. C. Kizhakemuri
3319:C. Narayana Reddy
3214:Ranjan Roy Daniel
3143:Basavaraj Rajguru
3133:Bindeshwar Pathak
3123:Manubhai Pancholi
3017:Trilochan Pradhan
3012:Kunwar Singh Negi
2992:Sumant Moolgaokar
2898:
2897:
2681:The Age of Reason
2632:Atheist Manifesto
2433:Eastern Orthodoxy
2396:Jehovah's Witness
2355:post–Cold War era
2258:Religious figures
2137:Swaminarayan sect
1920:Needham, Joseph.
1525:Indian Philosophy
1464:. 21 August 2018.
1024:Communist leader
961:scientific method
927:Aesopian language
750:(NISTADS) of the
671:Indian philosophy
656:
655:
585:Twilight in Delhi
355:Majnun Gorakhpuri
213:
212:
202:Irreligiosity of
133:Indian philosophy
3693:
3400:G. Madhavan Nair
3284:Syed Abdul Malik
3168:Ale Ahmad Suroor
3148:Prathap C. Reddy
3113:Fali Sam Nariman
3042:M. R. Srinivasan
3037:Julius Silverman
3007:M. S. Narasimhan
2962:L. K. Doraiswamy
2947:Rajanikant Arole
2925:
2918:
2911:
2902:
2709:The God Delusion
2702:The End of Faith
2695:The Caged Virgin
2660:God Is Not Great
2054:
2047:
2040:
2031:
1965:
1962:
1956:
1955:
1947:
1941:
1940:
1935:
1933:
1917:
1911:
1910:
1902:
1896:
1889:
1880:
1869:
1863:
1852:
1846:
1835:
1829:
1818:
1812:
1801:
1795:
1784:
1778:
1767:
1761:
1754:
1745:
1734:
1725:
1714:
1708:
1697:
1691:
1680:
1674:
1671:Social Scientist
1667:
1661:
1655:
1649:
1643:
1637:
1631:
1625:
1619:
1613:
1607:
1601:
1595:
1589:
1583:
1577:
1571:
1565:
1559:
1553:
1547:
1541:
1534:
1528:
1522:
1516:
1513:Social Scientist
1509:
1503:
1500:Social Scientist
1496:
1490:
1481:
1475:
1472:
1466:
1465:
1458:
1452:
1451:
1443:
1437:
1436:
1428:
1422:
1421:
1403:
1397:
1391:
1152:Jayarashi Bhatta
1089:Carvaka/Lokayata
1002:Indian Emergency
648:
641:
634:
590:Manto Ke Afsanay
534:Kashmiri writers
430:Shaukat Siddiqui
375:Ale Ahmad Suroor
360:Firaq Gorakhpuri
345:Ali Sardar Jafri
310:Jan Nisar Akhtar
215:
172:Doctoral advisor
105:
75:
57:19 November 1918
56:
54:
42:
28:
3701:
3700:
3696:
3695:
3694:
3692:
3691:
3690:
3626:Indian Marxists
3616:Indian atheists
3571:
3570:
3569:
3564:
3515:
3456:S. S. Badrinath
3444:
3348:
3329:Gursaran Talwar
3299:M. Sarada Menon
3229:Khem Singh Gill
3182:
3173:Leslie Swindale
3051:
3047:M. S. Valiathan
2935:
2929:
2899:
2894:
2893:
2892:
2849:In Christianity
2820:
2817:Parody religion
2769:
2617:
2484:
2343:Catholic Church
2304:
2253:
2215:Religious texts
2210:
2063:
2058:
2023:Current Science
1974:
1969:
1968:
1963:
1959:
1949:
1948:
1944:
1931:
1929:
1919:
1918:
1914:
1904:
1903:
1899:
1890:
1883:
1870:
1866:
1853:
1849:
1836:
1832:
1819:
1815:
1802:
1798:
1785:
1781:
1768:
1764:
1755:
1748:
1735:
1728:
1715:
1711:
1698:
1694:
1681:
1677:
1668:
1664:
1656:
1652:
1644:
1640:
1632:
1628:
1620:
1616:
1608:
1604:
1596:
1592:
1584:
1580:
1572:
1568:
1560:
1556:
1548:
1544:
1535:
1531:
1523:
1519:
1510:
1506:
1497:
1493:
1485:Current Science
1482:
1478:
1473:
1469:
1460:
1459:
1455:
1445:
1444:
1440:
1430:
1429:
1425:
1418:
1405:
1404:
1400:
1392:
1385:
1380:
1361:
1330:(1978) Calcutta
1327:Niharranjan Ray
1293:
1279:
1260:
1165:
1160:
1133:Susruta-samhita
1042:
998:
957:
943:Kumarila Bhatta
902:
896:
877:
855:
833:Advaita Vedanta
809:
803:
795:
789:on 8 May 1993.
713:
652:
623:
622:
608:
600:
599:
570:
562:
561:
551:Marathi writers
505:Punjabi writers
483:Bengali writers
466:English writers
410:Khatir Ghaznavi
405:Krishan Chander
330:Sahir Ludhianvi
325:Josh Malihabadi
280:Faiz Ahmad Faiz
237:
199:
189:
185:
163:
159:
155:
151:
103:
93:Alma mater
80:
79:Calcutta, India
77:
73:
64:
63:, British India
58:
52:
50:
33:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3699:
3697:
3689:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3573:
3572:
3566:
3565:
3563:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3520:
3517:
3516:
3514:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3466:Pushpalata Das
3463:
3458:
3452:
3450:
3446:
3445:
3443:
3442:
3437:
3435:V. M. Tarkunde
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3410:G. B. Parulkar
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3356:
3354:
3350:
3349:
3347:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3294:Sonal Mansingh
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3269:T. N. Krishnan
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3224:B. Saroja Devi
3221:
3219:Virendra Dayal
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3199:Debu Chaudhuri
3196:
3190:
3188:
3184:
3183:
3181:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3088:Amjad Ali Khan
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3063:Ebrahim Alkazi
3059:
3057:
3053:
3052:
3050:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2982:R. N. Malhotra
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2943:
2941:
2937:
2936:
2930:
2928:
2927:
2920:
2913:
2905:
2896:
2895:
2891:
2890:
2889:
2888:
2883:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2852:
2851:
2846:
2836:
2830:
2829:
2828:
2826:
2825:Related topics
2822:
2821:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2798:
2797:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2775:
2771:
2770:
2768:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2741:
2740:
2733:
2726:
2719:
2712:
2705:
2698:
2691:
2684:
2677:
2670:
2663:
2656:
2649:
2642:
2635:
2627:
2625:
2619:
2618:
2616:
2615:
2614:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2602:
2601:
2596:
2583:
2578:
2577:
2576:
2571:
2561:
2560:
2559:
2549:
2548:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2511:
2510:
2500:
2494:
2492:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2446:
2445:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2419:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2398:
2393:
2392:
2391:
2381:
2380:
2379:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2358:
2357:
2347:
2346:
2345:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2314:
2312:
2306:
2305:
2303:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2261:
2259:
2255:
2254:
2252:
2251:
2246:
2245:
2244:
2242:Book of Mormon
2234:
2229:
2224:
2218:
2216:
2212:
2211:
2209:
2208:
2206:Zoroastrianism
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2162:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2141:
2140:
2139:
2129:
2128:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2082:
2077:
2071:
2069:
2065:
2064:
2059:
2057:
2056:
2049:
2042:
2034:
2028:
2027:
2015:
2002:
1992:
1986:
1973:
1972:External links
1970:
1967:
1966:
1957:
1942:
1912:
1897:
1881:
1877:978-0857284334
1864:
1860:978-9060321133
1847:
1843:978-9060321133
1830:
1826:978-9060321133
1813:
1809:978-9060321133
1796:
1792:978-9060321133
1779:
1775:978-9060321133
1762:
1746:
1742:978-0199812608
1726:
1722:978-8120805033
1709:
1705:978-8120805033
1692:
1688:978-8120805033
1675:
1662:
1650:
1638:
1626:
1614:
1602:
1590:
1578:
1566:
1554:
1542:
1529:
1517:
1504:
1491:
1476:
1467:
1453:
1438:
1423:
1416:
1398:
1394:Indian Atheism
1382:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1375:
1374:
1368:
1360:
1357:
1356:
1355:
1349:
1343:
1337:
1331:
1322:
1320:978-0880650410
1309:
1292:
1289:
1288:
1287:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1273:
1259:
1256:
1255:
1254:
1248:
1242:
1236:
1230:
1224:
1218:
1212:
1204:
1198:
1192:
1186:
1180:
1174:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1124:Joseph Needham
1041:
1038:
997:
992:
984:
983:
970:Caraka Samhita
956:
951:
898:Main article:
895:
890:
876:
871:
854:
849:
805:Main article:
802:
796:
794:
791:
768:George Thomson
764:Joseph Needham
740:S. N. Dasgupta
732:S. N. Dasgupta
712:
709:
654:
653:
651:
650:
643:
636:
628:
625:
624:
621:
620:
615:
609:
606:
605:
602:
601:
598:
597:
592:
587:
582:
577:
571:
568:
567:
564:
563:
560:
559:
548:
547:
545:Dinanath Nadim
542:
531:
530:
519:
518:
513:
502:
501:
496:
491:
480:
479:
474:
472:Mulk Raj Anand
463:
462:
457:
452:
447:
442:
437:
432:
427:
422:
420:Sulaiman Areeb
417:
412:
407:
402:
400:Salma Siddiqui
397:
392:
387:
382:
377:
372:
367:
362:
357:
352:
350:Akhtar ul Iman
347:
342:
337:
332:
327:
322:
317:
315:Shamim Karhani
312:
307:
302:
297:
295:Ismat Chughtai
292:
287:
282:
277:
272:
267:
262:
257:
252:
247:
238:
235:
234:
231:
230:
224:
223:
211:
210:
207:
206:
200:
197:
194:
193:
186:
184:Main interests
183:
180:
179:
174:
168:
167:
146:
140:
139:
130:
126:
125:
120:
116:
115:
112:
111:
106:
100:
99:
94:
90:
89:
86:
82:
81:
78:
76:(aged 74)
70:
66:
65:
59:
48:
44:
43:
35:
34:
31:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3698:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3578:
3576:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3522:
3518:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3501:H. D. Shourie
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3481:Anil Kakodkar
3479:
3477:
3476:George Joseph
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3461:Jacob Cherian
3459:
3457:
3454:
3453:
3451:
3447:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3420:Bhisham Sahni
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3390:Hemlata Gupta
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3375:Satyapal Dang
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3357:
3355:
3351:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3279:Talat Mahmood
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3254:Girish Karnad
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3185:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3153:Amala Shankar
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3083:D. B. Deodhar
3081:
3079:
3078:Shyam Benegal
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3068:Lala Amarnath
3066:
3064:
3061:
3060:
3058:
3054:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2944:
2942:
2938:
2933:
2932:Padma Bhushan
2926:
2921:
2919:
2914:
2912:
2907:
2906:
2903:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2878:
2877:
2876:Superstitions
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2841:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2796:
2793:
2792:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2772:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2742:
2739:
2738:
2734:
2732:
2731:
2727:
2725:
2724:
2720:
2718:
2717:
2713:
2711:
2710:
2706:
2704:
2703:
2699:
2697:
2696:
2692:
2690:
2689:
2685:
2683:
2682:
2678:
2676:
2675:
2671:
2669:
2668:
2664:
2662:
2661:
2657:
2655:
2654:
2650:
2648:
2647:
2643:
2641:
2640:
2636:
2634:
2633:
2629:
2628:
2626:
2624:
2620:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2591:
2590:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2566:
2565:
2562:
2558:
2555:
2554:
2553:
2550:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2527:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2509:
2506:
2505:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2495:
2493:
2491:
2487:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2450:Protestantism
2448:
2444:
2441:
2440:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2403:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2390:
2387:
2386:
2385:
2382:
2378:
2375:
2374:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2356:
2353:
2352:
2351:
2348:
2344:
2341:
2340:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2315:
2313:
2311:
2307:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2256:
2250:
2247:
2243:
2240:
2239:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2213:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2146:
2145:
2142:
2138:
2135:
2134:
2133:
2130:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2105:Protestantism
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2087:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2055:
2050:
2048:
2043:
2041:
2036:
2035:
2032:
2025:
2024:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2009:
2008:
2003:
2000:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1987:
1985:
1981:
1980:
1976:
1975:
1971:
1961:
1958:
1953:
1946:
1943:
1939:
1927:
1923:
1916:
1913:
1908:
1901:
1898:
1894:
1888:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1868:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1851:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1834:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1817:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1800:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1783:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1766:
1763:
1759:
1753:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1733:
1731:
1727:
1724:, pages 65-66
1723:
1719:
1713:
1710:
1707:, pages 64-66
1706:
1702:
1696:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1679:
1676:
1672:
1666:
1663:
1659:
1654:
1651:
1647:
1642:
1639:
1635:
1630:
1627:
1623:
1618:
1615:
1611:
1606:
1603:
1599:
1594:
1591:
1587:
1582:
1579:
1575:
1570:
1567:
1563:
1558:
1555:
1551:
1546:
1543:
1539:
1533:
1530:
1526:
1521:
1518:
1514:
1508:
1505:
1501:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1480:
1477:
1471:
1468:
1463:
1457:
1454:
1449:
1442:
1439:
1434:
1427:
1424:
1419:
1417:81-7007-006-6
1413:
1409:
1402:
1399:
1395:
1390:
1388:
1384:
1377:
1372:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1362:
1358:
1353:
1350:
1347:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1328:
1323:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1307:81-208-0696-4
1304:
1300:
1299:
1295:
1294:
1290:
1285:
1281:
1280:
1276:
1271:
1267:
1266:
1262:
1261:
1257:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1171:
1167:
1166:
1162:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1148:
1146:
1142:
1137:
1134:
1130:
1125:
1122:
1117:
1114:
1109:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1090:
1084:
1079:
1075:
1073:
1069:
1064:
1062:
1057:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1027:
1022:
1018:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1006:Indira Gandhi
1003:
996:
993:
991:
989:
981:
980:
979:
976:
972:
971:
965:
962:
955:
952:
950:
948:
944:
939:
935:
930:
928:
924:
920:
916:
910:
908:
901:
894:
891:
889:
887:
883:
875:
872:
870:
867:
866:
861:
853:
850:
848:
845:
841:
836:
834:
830:
826:
821:
819:
814:
808:
800:
797:
792:
790:
788:
783:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
759:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
724:
722:
718:
710:
708:
706:
705:Padma Bhushan
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
677:
672:
668:
664:
660:
649:
644:
642:
637:
635:
630:
629:
627:
626:
619:
616:
614:
611:
610:
604:
603:
596:
593:
591:
588:
586:
583:
581:
578:
576:
573:
572:
569:Notable works
566:
565:
558:
557:Mama Varerkar
555:
554:
553:
552:
546:
543:
541:
538:
537:
536:
535:
529:
526:
525:
524:
523:
522:Hindi writers
517:
514:
512:
511:Amrita Pritam
509:
508:
507:
506:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
486:
485:
484:
478:
475:
473:
470:
469:
468:
467:
461:
458:
456:
453:
451:
450:Hajra Masroor
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
425:Hameed Akhtar
423:
421:
418:
416:
413:
411:
408:
406:
403:
401:
398:
396:
393:
391:
388:
386:
385:Akhtar Husain
383:
381:
378:
376:
373:
371:
368:
366:
363:
361:
358:
356:
353:
351:
348:
346:
343:
341:
338:
336:
333:
331:
328:
326:
323:
321:
318:
316:
313:
311:
308:
306:
303:
301:
298:
296:
293:
291:
288:
286:
283:
281:
278:
276:
273:
271:
268:
266:
263:
261:
258:
256:
253:
251:
248:
246:
245:Sajjad Zaheer
243:
242:
241:
233:
232:
229:
225:
221:
217:
216:
208:
205:
201:
198:Notable ideas
192:
187:
181:
178:
175:
173:
169:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
147:
145:
141:
138:
134:
131:
127:
124:
121:
117:
113:
110:
107:
101:
98:
95:
91:
87:
83:
71:
67:
62:
49:
45:
41:
36:
29:
26:
22:
3395:K. M. Mathew
3369:
3138:Samta Prasad
3073:N. S. Bendre
3032:Arun Shourie
2967:Nikhil Ghosh
2735:
2728:
2721:
2714:
2707:
2700:
2693:
2686:
2679:
2672:
2665:
2658:
2651:
2644:
2637:
2630:
2503:Christianity
2480:Zorostianism
2411:Anti-Judaism
2406:Antisemitism
2350:Christianity
2328:Bahá'i Faith
2085:Christianity
2075:Baháˈí Faith
2021:
2020:Obituary in
2011:
2006:
1998:
1978:
1960:
1951:
1945:
1937:
1930:. Retrieved
1926:kpbagchi.com
1925:
1915:
1906:
1900:
1867:
1850:
1833:
1816:
1799:
1782:
1765:
1712:
1695:
1678:
1670:
1665:
1657:
1653:
1645:
1641:
1633:
1629:
1621:
1617:
1609:
1605:
1597:
1593:
1585:
1581:
1573:
1569:
1561:
1557:
1549:
1545:
1537:
1532:
1524:
1520:
1512:
1507:
1499:
1494:
1484:
1479:
1470:
1456:
1447:
1441:
1432:
1426:
1407:
1401:
1393:
1370:
1364:
1351:
1345:
1339:
1333:
1324:
1311:
1297:
1291:Books edited
1269:
1263:
1250:
1244:
1238:
1232:
1226:
1220:
1214:
1206:
1200:
1194:
1188:
1182:
1176:
1168:
1158:Bibliography
1149:
1140:
1138:
1128:
1120:
1118:
1112:
1110:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1067:
1066:In his book
1065:
1060:
1058:
1043:
1030:
1023:
1019:
1004:declared by
999:
994:
988:caste system
985:
968:
966:
958:
953:
946:
938:Vaisheshikas
931:
919:Varahamihira
911:
903:
892:
878:
873:
863:
860:Vedic period
856:
851:
843:
837:
822:
817:
813:Walter Ruben
810:
798:
784:
772:Walter Ruben
760:
756:Tibetologist
725:
714:
692:
674:
658:
657:
550:
549:
533:
532:
521:
520:
504:
503:
489:Somen Chanda
482:
481:
476:
465:
464:
445:Khawar Rizvi
395:Habib Tanvir
390:Fikr Taunsvi
365:Sibte Hassan
265:Rashid Jahan
260:Hajrah Begum
255:M. D. Taseer
240:Urdu writers
239:
204:Early Vedism
104:Notable work
74:(1993-05-08)
25:
3586:1993 deaths
3581:1918 births
3491:Ashok Kumar
3239:Anna Hazare
3108:Ram Narayan
3093:Dilip Kumar
3027:Sukumar Sen
2972:B. K. Goyal
2807:New Atheism
2780:Agnosticism
2585:By country
2552:Persecution
2465:Sunni Islam
2428:Neopaganism
2416:Persecution
2389:Persecution
2377:Persecution
2338:Catholicism
2275:Ellen White
2191:Scientology
2186:Neopaganism
2068:By religion
1984:archive.org
1359:Other works
1145:Louis Renou
923:Brahmagupta
865:shastrartha
793:Major works
785:He died in
667:materialist
580:Atish Paray
540:Rehman Rahi
455:K. A. Abbas
370:Habib Jalib
290:Ahmad Faraz
275:Abdul Aleem
153:Materialism
85:Nationality
3575:Categories
3344:C. R. Vyas
2785:Antitheism
2574:In Judaism
2470:Shia Islam
2367:Falun Gong
2176:Monotheism
2005:Review of
1862:, page 232
1828:, page 231
1811:, page 244
1794:, page 230
1777:, page 229
1378:References
886:polytheism
516:Ahmad Rahi
499:Bishnu Dey
440:Aziz Qaisi
305:Kaifi Azmi
157:Empiricism
72:8 May 1993
53:1918-11-19
3560:2020–2029
3555:2010–2019
3550:2000–2009
3545:1990–1999
3540:1980–1989
3535:1970–1979
3530:1960–1969
3525:1954–1959
3385:H. K. Dua
3118:Kapil Dev
2866:Sexuality
2795:Criticism
2774:Movements
2599:In Odisha
2530:Christian
2525:Terrorism
2508:Mormonism
2455:Rastafari
2423:Mormonism
2318:Ahmadiyya
2201:Yazdânism
2159:Wahhabism
1845:, page 37
1744:, page 15
1690:, page 63
1636:, pp. 180
1552:, pp. 359
1474:citation?
1040:Reception
1014:Shiv Sena
1010:Jan Sangh
844:deha-vada
711:Biography
528:Premchand
250:Ahmed Ali
3249:Jaggayya
2844:In Islam
2839:Apostasy
2611:Pakistan
2569:In Islam
2498:Buddhism
2372:Hinduism
2333:Buddhism
2290:Muhammad
2149:Islamism
2132:Hinduism
2090:Catholic
2080:Buddhism
1999:Frontier
1624:, pp. 72
1612:, pp. 66
1600:, pp. 64
1564:, pp. 46
1448:Lokayata
1433:Lokayata
1396:, pp 39n
1277:Lectures
1258:Articles
1141:Lokayata
1121:Lokayata
1098:Mahavira
1072:Lokayata
975:svabhava
829:Lokayata
787:Calcutta
717:Calcutta
701:Sushruta
681:Lokayata
220:a series
218:Part of
149:Lokayata
61:Calcutta
3304:Naushad
2871:Slavery
2802:Cārvāka
2790:Atheism
2606:Nigeria
2540:Islamic
2515:Judaism
2460:Sikhism
2401:Judaism
2323:Atheism
2196:Sikhism
2171:Judaism
2166:Jainism
1932:10 July
1588:, pp. 7
1576:, pp. 3
1527:, pp 27
1106:Pakudha
1054:Prakrti
1050:Purusha
1046:Samkhya
1034:of 1914
825:Brahman
697:Charaka
663:Marxist
575:Angarey
236:Members
165:Marxism
161:Atheism
3022:N. Ram
2977:Jasraj
2886:Jewish
2881:Muslim
2545:Jewish
2475:Sufism
2249:Talmud
2232:Hadith
2014:(1989)
1875:
1858:
1841:
1824:
1807:
1790:
1773:
1740:
1720:
1703:
1686:
1660:, pp.2
1648:, pp.1
1414:
1318:
1305:
1102:Purana
1094:Buddha
907:yajnas
882:Rgveda
801:(1959)
776:German
144:School
129:Region
88:Indian
2834:Abuse
2623:Books
2589:India
2535:Hindu
2520:Islam
2443:Copts
2384:Islam
2362:Druze
2285:Moses
2280:Jesus
2265:Aisha
2227:Quran
2222:Bible
2144:Islam
1268:, in
1163:Books
934:Nyaya
595:Dhuan
285:Majaz
3449:1999
3353:1998
3187:1992
3056:1991
2940:1990
2300:Saul
1934:2015
1873:ISBN
1856:ISBN
1839:ISBN
1822:ISBN
1805:ISBN
1788:ISBN
1771:ISBN
1738:ISBN
1718:ISBN
1701:ISBN
1684:ISBN
1658:Ibid
1634:Ibid
1622:Ibid
1610:Ibid
1598:Ibid
1586:Ibid
1562:Ibid
1412:ISBN
1316:ISBN
1303:ISBN
1104:and
921:and
915:Manu
778:and
730:and
699:and
687:and
69:Died
47:Born
2564:War
2010:in
119:Era
3577::
1997:,
1936:.
1924:.
1884:^
1749:^
1729:^
1386:^
1143:,
1100:,
1096:,
1036:.
1012:,
835:.
782:.
766:,
222:on
135:,
2924:e
2917:t
2910:v
2053:e
2046:t
2039:v
1420:.
1286:.
936:-
647:e
640:t
633:v
55:)
51:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
