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Magersfontein and were heading east towards
Bloemfontein along the Modder River. Kitchener directed French to cut off the Boers' escape; of French's original strength of 5,000, only 1,200 of his cavalrymen were still fit, while the horses were depleted. At first light, the cavalry headed towards the Boer dust clouds; soon they were overlooking a whole valley full of Boers, with cattle, 400 wagons and women and children in tow. The surprise was complete when the British started shelling the Boer column just as it started crossing the Modder River at Paardeberg Drift, causing considerable confusion and panic. Cronjé elected to sit tight rather than escape, giving French the opportunity to summon reinforcements before the Boers realised how small and depleted the force was that was harassing them. The
1014:. It was a calculated move to raise the political stakes and thereby force the British government to divert war resources to lifting the siege on his mining operation. Since most of the resources in the garrison were owned by De Beers, Rhodes inevitably became an important factor in the defence organised by Colonel Robert Kekewich. As head of the mining company that owned most of the assets in the town, the military felt that Rhodes proved to be more of a hindrance as he did not co-operate fully with them; civil and military authorities were not always working together, especially after the death of the second in command of the garrison, Major Scott-Turner. The military took the following view of Rhodes:
1364:, before being repaired at Pretoria, and brought to Kimberley. In addition to having larger shells than any of the siege guns used up to that point, its longer range meant that it could also target any location in Kimberley. The town's inhabitants had become accustomed to shelling by smaller guns and were to some extent able to take shelter and to carry on their daily lives. The new gun immediately changed the status quo, as terrified residents were no longer able to find sanctuary anywhere at ground level. Rhodes published a notice inviting people to take shelter in the Kimberley Mine in order to avoid its lethal shelling. Fortunately for the defenders, the gun did not use
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impression that he was headed for
Klipkraal Drift. The whole force then wheeled left at the last minute and charged the Klip Drift crossing at full gallop. The Boers at Klip Drift, who were taken completely by surprise, left their camp and provisions behind, which French's exhausted men and horses were glad to seize. Although speed was important, the cavalry had to wait for the infantry to catch up to secure the lines of communication before moving forward to relieve Kimberley. The cavalry's route had taken them deep inside the Free State over Cronjé's
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with roughly 70 horses lost through exhaustion. However, the route to
Kimberley was open; by that evening, General French and his men passed through the recently abandoned Boer lines, and relieved the town of Kimberley after some initial difficulty in convincing the defenders via heliograph that they were not Boers. The cavalry had covered 120 miles (190 km) in four days at the height of summer to reach the town. When French arrived in town, he snubbed Kekewich, the local military authority, by presenting himself to Rhodes instead.
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eastwards away from his prepared defences. He dispatched 900 men with guns to stop the
British push northwards. French's men set out from Klip Drift at 9:30 am on 15 February on the last stage of their journey to Kimberley, and were soon engaged by the Boer force sent to block them. Rifle fire came from the river in the east while artillery shells rained from the hills in the north west; the route to Kimberley lay straight ahead through the crossfire, so French ordered a bold cavalry
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916:, and vibrant and prosperous as the centre of diamond mining operations of the De Beers Mining Company, who supplied 90% of the world's diamonds. The town had a population of 40,000, of which 25,000 were white. It was one of a handful of British outposts in the far north east of the colony, located just a few kilometres from the borders of the Boer republics of the Transvaal and Orange Free State;
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945:, for additional protection, but he did not believe the town to be under serious threat and declined to arm it further. His reply to an appeal for arms in September 1899 stated: “There is no reason whatever for apprehending that Kimberley is or will be in any danger of attack and your fears are therefore groundless.”
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the conflict. He used his position and influence to demand relief of the siege vociferously in both the press and directly of the government. However, Kekewich was a more cool-headed man, and was careful to let the authorities in Cape Town know that the situation was by no means desperate and that he
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The De Beers company was concerned about the defence of
Kimberley some years before the outbreak of the war, particularly its vulnerability to attack from the neighbouring Orange Free State. In 1896, an arms depot was formed, a plan of defence sent to the authorities and a local defence force set up.
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replaced Buller as
British Commander-in-Chief in South Africa in January 1900. Within a month Roberts assembled 30,000 infantry, 7,501 cavalry and 3,600 mounted infantry, together with 120 guns, in the area between the Orange and Modder Rivers. The largest British mounted division ever assembled was
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to
Mafeking, while arms and ammunition were in short supply in Kimberley. On 7 November, the Boers started shelling the town. Communication with the outside world was not seriously impeded however. The Boer strategy was not to attack the town in a full battle, but rather to wait for the defenders to
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as well as the outlying suburb of
Kenilworth inside the 22-kilometre (14 mi) defensive perimeter he established around the town. Rhodes sponsored the raising of a new regiment called the Kimberley Light Horse, but Lord Methuen advised Kekewich that “Rhodes is to leave Kimberley the day after I
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down the middle. As waves of horses galloped forward, the Boers poured down fire from the two sides. However, the speed of the attack, screened by a massive cloud of dust, proved successful and the Boer force was defeated. British casualties during this day's fighting were five dead and 10 wounded,
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in
December 1899 with the objective of relieving Kimberley and Mafeking, while Buller himself went to Natal. On 1 December 1899, communications were established between Methuen's relief column and the defenders in the town. However, Methuen's advance ground to a halt after the Boers inflicted heavy
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missions outside the town's defences, sometimes using the armoured train. Some of these engagements were fierce, with casualties on both sides, however they did not change the status quo. In
January 1900, the local Boer command passed from Commandant Wessels to General Ignatius Stephanus Ferreira.
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set out at midnight and completely surprised their enemy in the early hours of the morning. Thirty-three Boers were captured at the cost of four killed. Scott-Turner tried to repeat the successful raid three days later, but it was a disaster for the British the second time round, with Scott-Turner
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As French's column neared the Modder River on 13 February, a force of about 1,000 Boers made contact with his right flank. French wheeled his right and centre brigades towards their enemy, thereby allowing the brigade on the left to hold course for Klip Drift, while giving the enemy the false
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besieged the diamond mining town. The Boers moved quickly to try to capture the area when war broke out between the British and the two Boer republics in October 1899. The town was ill-prepared, but the defenders organised an energetic and effective improvised defence that was able to prevent it
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French's flanking manoeuvre took a very high toll on horses and men in the blazing summer heat, with about 500 horses either dying en route or no longer fit to ride. When Cronjé became aware of French's cavalry on his left flank at Klip Drift, he concluded that the British were trying to draw him
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capitulate, all the time wearing them down with shelling. The defenders tried to send the large contingent of migrant native labourers that was working in the mines home, but twice the Boers drove them back into the town in an apparent attempt to put pressure on the limited food and water supply.
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The food and water supply was managed closely by the military authorities. Rationing was imposed as the food supply dwindled, with the inhabitants eventually resorting in the final states of the siege to eating horse meat. Vegetables could not be grown easily because of a shortage of water. The
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The Boer commander, Commandant Cornelius Wessels, presented Kekewich with an ultimatum on 4 November, demanding the town's surrender. Kekewich replied the same day, stating: “...you are hereby invited to effect the occupation of this town as an operation of war by the employment of the military
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leading up to the war, would antagonise the Boers. Consequently, the mayor of Kimberley, as well as various associates of Rhodes, tried to discourage him. However, Rhodes ignored the advice and moved into the town just prior to the onset of the siege, very narrowly evading capture when the Boer
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Rhodes had come into his own Kimberley and for the first time he was not master in it. He found himself a sterilized dictator acting in an atmosphere too tenuous to support his vitality but sufficient to preserve it from extinction. He was subject to the authority of the military commandant, a
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French's men did not have much opportunity to relax when they reached the town, as they were roused during their first night in the town first to make yet another dash to try to capture the Long Tom gun and, in the early hours of 17 February, to cut off Cronjé's main force, who had abandoned
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made him one of the primary protagonists behind war breaking out. Rhodes was in constant disagreement with the military, but he was nonetheless instrumental in organising the defence of the town. The Boers shelled the town with their superior artillery in an attempt to force the garrison to
1416:. However public opinion demanded relief of the sieges of Kimberley, Ladysmith and Mafeking — pressure that was attributable in part to Rhodes's presence in Kimberley and lobbying in London. Buller therefore had to change his plans and divide his forces: Lord Methuen was sent north by the
1541:, which was instituted by Mayor H. A. Oliver. Since the medal was not an official one, it could not be worn with military uniforms. The official awards for the siege and relief of Kimberley were, respectively, the "Defence of Kimberley" and "Relief of Kimberley" clasps to the
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was rifled with a bore of 100 millimetres (3.9 in) capable of propelling a 13-kilogram (29 lb) shell 6,000 metres (6,600 yd). The gun was completed on 21 January 1900, and successfully test fired against a previously untouchable Boer position north of the town.
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The town next appealed to the high commissioner, this time with more success. On 4 October 1899, Major Scott-Turner was permitted to summon volunteers to join the town guard and raise the Diamond Fields Artillery. Three days later, the town was placed under the command of
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through the amalgamation of virtually all the cavalry in the area. News of the shelling by the Boer Long Tom gun had reached Lord Roberts, whose parting words to his officers on 9 February were that "You must relieve Kimberley if it costs you half your forces."
1587:: “This for a charge to our children in sign of the price we paid, The price that we paid for freedom that comes unsoiled to your hand; Read, revere and uncover, here are the victors laid, They who died for their City, being sons of the land”.
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The cattle that usually grazed on the outskirts of the town presented a problem; if they were left, they would be lost to the Boers, but if they were slaughtered, the meat would perish quickly in the summer heat. The De Beers chief engineer,
1278:, the local newspaper which was under Rhodes's control, ignored the military censor and printed information that compromised the military. Kekewich obtained permission from his superior to place Rhodes under arrest if necessary.
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The engineers of Rhodes's company, under Chief Mechanical Engineer George Labram, were instrumental in the defence of the town. They manufactured fortifications, an armoured train, a watch tower, shells, and a gun, known as
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Piet Cronjé believed that Roberts would attempt to attack him in a flanking manoeuvre from the west, and that the advance would largely continue as before along the railway line. With this mind, Roberts ordered the
1486:, thereby cutting off any Boer forces who did not immediately fall back. Meanwhile, Roberts led the main force in an easterly direction with the objective of capturing the Orange Free State capital, Bloemfontein.
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Outside Kimberley, the Boers treated the occupied territory as part of one of the republics, appointing a 'landdrost' (magistrate) and changing the name of the neighbouring town of Barkly West to Nieu Boshof.
1466:. On 13 February, Roberts activated the second part of his plan, that involved French's cavalry separating from the slower main force and piercing forward quickly by swinging northwards, just east of
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for him, which was well attended, but took place after dark for safety reasons; the procession was targeted by Boer shelling with the help of a traitor inside the town who lit the area with a flare.
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Contemporary French caricature of Rhodes, showing him trapped in Kimberley during the Second Boer War, seen emerging from a tower clutching papers with a champagne bottle behind his collar.
1433:" by the British. Thus, for two of the four months of the siege, the 10,000 British troops at Modder River who were within 12 miles (19 km) of the town, were unable to reach it.
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20 miles (32 km) west to Koedoesberg, thereby encouraging Cronjé's forces to believe that the attack would occur there. However, the bulk of the force initially headed south to
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forces under your command”. When the siege of Kimberley itself began in earnest on 6 November, the situation favoured an attack. The Boers were in control of the railway from the
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1190:, anticipating the inevitable onset of hostilities, encouraged all the women and children to leave the town. Some civilians left in a special train, escorted as far as
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1614:. The stone that he used to mount his horse is still in the gardens, while the story of the siege is covered extensively in the permanent exhibitions of the museum.
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1579:, was erected to commemorate the defenders who fell during the siege. Twenty-seven soldiers are entombed in the memorial, which was made from stone quarried in the
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Cecil John Rhodes, the founder of De Beers, was contemplating moving into the town. The citizens feared that his presence there, given his prominent role in the
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scarcity of vegetables took the hardest toll on the poorest people, notably the 15,000-strong indigenous population; a local doctor suggested that they eat
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Commando severed the railway line 16 kilometres (10 mi) north of the town at Riverton Road, then shut off the primary water supply at Riverton on the
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by keeping more Boers occupied at Kimberley. A detachment of 40 members of Cape Police and Light Horse under the command of Major Scott-Turner of the
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1226:. For the first time, water in the mines became more precious than the diamonds in them. On 14 October the Boers cut the telephone line to the Cape.
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Boer women and children, as well as black refugees. A memorial outside the Newton Dutch Reformed Church commemorates those that died in the camp.
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consequently had to make hazardous journeys through Boer lines to the Orange River and then to Cape Town and Port Elizabeth. On 15 October,
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and two machine guns. Also at his disposal were 120 men of the Cape Police (recalled from various outposts along the railway line), 2,000
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As it began to look more likely that war would break out, the nervous citizens of Kimberley appealed to the premier of the Cape Colony,
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galling position for a distinguished statesman who had not a high opinion of the professional capacity of the British officer.
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ensued over the next week, resulting in the defeat of Cronjé, but at the expense of a considerable amount of British blood.
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at Carter's Ridge, west of the town. Kekewich's men held the belief that the action would assist Methuen's relief column at
1246:, provided a solution by building an industrial refrigeration plant underground in the Kimberley mine to preserve the meat.
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3097:"Should the Strategy of Lord Roberts be Judged by the Victory at Paardeberg or by the Subsequent Delay at Bloemfontein?"
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when the Boer siege guns were temporarily brought to bear there. Throughout the siege, Kekewich mounted numerous armed
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The British military had to change its strategy for the war as public opinion demanded that the sieges of Kimberley,
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Rhodes had his own agenda, which differed from the greater war goal of redressing wrongs in the Transvaal that had
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Magnus says Lord Kitchener granted permission to arrest Rhodes, while Van Hartesveldt says it was Lord Roberts.
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south of Kimberley, whereafter the Boers entrenched themselves in the hills at Spytfontein. Meanwhile, the
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the town for 124 days, shelling it on most days, except Sundays. Shelling abated somewhat during the
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3404:. Cape Town: D. Philip in association with the Historical Society of Kimberley and the Northern Cape.
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The Sanatorium Hotel, in which Cecil Rhodes stayed during the siege, is the present-day site of the
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be relieved before the Boer capitals were assaulted. The first attempt at relief of Kimberley under
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French's cavalry crossing the Modder River after charging to Klip Drift on their way to Kimberley
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would be able to hold out for several weeks. The feud between the two men escalated when the
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Towards Pretoria; A Record of the War Between Briton and Boer, to the Relief of Kimberley
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A Handbook of the Boer War With General Map of South Africa and 18 Sketch Maps and Plans
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The Medal Collector; A Guide to Naval, Military, Air-force and Civil Medals and Ribbons
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Rhodes's message to the residents of Kimberley, offering shelter in the Kimberley Mine
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3499:. Vol. 24 of Bibliographies of Battles and Leaders. Greenwood Publishing Group.
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Lord Roberts entering Kimberley in February 1900 following the lifting of the siege
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990:, the Kimberley Light Horse, and a battery of obsolete seven-pounder guns. Eight
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3581:. Kimberley Africana Library under the auspices of the Friends of the Library.
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Besieged by the Boers; A Diary of Life and Events in Kimberley During the Siege
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The Diamond Mines of South Africa; Some Account of Their Rise and Development
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initially planned to march with a single large force on the Boer capitals of
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2380:"Hard Fight at Kimberley; Major Scott-Turner Killed Leading a Fierce Sortie"
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Lord Methuen and the British Army: Failure and Redemption in South Africa
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Major-General Sir J.D.P. French, whose cavalry division lifted the siege.
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The Boers countered on 7 February with a much heavier 100-pounder named
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was 780 kilometres (480 mi). The closest Boer settlements were
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On 25 November, the British garrison launched an attack on the Boer
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2303:"Censorship—Diamond Fields Advertiser—Mr. Rhodes and Col. Kekewich"
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With the Flag to Pretoria: A History of the Boer War of 1899–1900
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Where Australians Fought—The Encyclopaedia of Australia's Battles
2191:. Atlantic City: May's Landing. 15 September 1906. Archived from
2808:"British Concentration Camps of the South African War 1900-1902"
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ultimatum expired at 5 pm on 11 October while he was still
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arrive. Tell him he is not to interfere in military matters.”
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employed in the defence of Kimberley during the Second Boer War
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The Life of the Right Hon. Cecil John Rhodes, 1853–1902 (1910)
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Every Step of the Way: The Journey to Freedom in South Africa
1537:. A number of medals were issued to combatants, notably the
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Kekewich decided to include the neighbouring municipality of
1903:
Klip Drif is south-east of Kimberley on the Modder River at
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Riverton is located north of Kimberley on the Vaal River at
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The British commander-in-chief in South Africa, General Sir
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On 17 February, Kekewich was promoted to the rank of full
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Saunders, Frederick & Phillip Thurmond Smith (1995).
2824:. City of Kimberley Tourism. 9 March 2009. Archived from
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Spytfontein is located immediately south of Kimberley at
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in Rhodesia (today Zimbabwe). It bears an inscription by
1429:. These, and other defeats elsewhere, came to be called "
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Commando severed the railway line at the bridge over the
1210:, the hero of the western Transvaal. On 12 October, the
3332:"Long Cecil: The Gun Made in Kimberley During the Siege"
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The Cult of Rhodes: Remembering an Imperialist in Africa
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Days of Horror During the Siege of Kimberley, 1899–1990
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The Boer War: Historiography and Annotated Bibliography
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The Times History of the War in South Africa, 1899–1902
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was 1,041 kilometres (647 mi) away by rail, while
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The siege of Kimberley and the battle of Magersfontein
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The conflict at Kimberley started on 14 October 1899.
2271:"Siege of Kimberley—Mr. Rhodes and Colonel Kekewich"
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With General French and the Cavalry in South Africa
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Cassell's History of the Boer War, 1899–1902 (1903)
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2822:"Kimberley, The Capital of the Northern Province"
3517:A Tourist Guide to the Anglo-Boer War, 1899-1902
900:immediately after the town itself was relieved.
3342:(1). The South African Military History Society
3164:(5). The South African Military History Society
1360:; it had been disabled by British saboteurs at
1206:by Boers under the command of fighting general
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912:, Kimberley was the second-biggest city in the
36:
3202:Good-bye Dolly Grey: The story of the Boer War
3134:The Boer War: Direction, Experience, and Image
1759:Carters Ridge is located West of Kimberley at
1595:workshops during the siege, is mounted on the
3107:(3/4). South African Military History Society
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978:of the Loyal North Lancashire Regiment, some
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3309:Morris, Michael & John Linnegar (2004).
3279:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2781:Sessional Papers By Great Britain Parliament
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2914:. London: S. Low, Marston and company, ltd.
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3030:"Queen's South Africa Medal With 10 Bars"
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1855:Graspan is located south of Kimberley at
853:company manufactured a one-off gun named
3425:. Fairleigh Dickinson University Press.
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1970:
1968:
1966:
1964:
3154:"The Diary of a Doctor's Wife (Part 2)"
1960:
1634:
1563:The Honoured Dead Memorial in Kimberley
892:. The battle against the Boer general
27:1899–1900 battle of the Second Boer War
3644:Henry Symonds's Kimberley Siege Letter
3272:
3221:Magnus, Sir Philip Montefiore (1958).
1603:), surrounded by shells from the Boer
1571:, a sandstone edifice commissioned by
1035:to conduct the defence as he saw fit.
3224:Kitchener: Portrait of an Imperialist
3013:. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
2925:. New York: Doubleday, Page & Co.
2788:from the original on 14 February 2018
2547:
2545:
2543:
1425:and defeated him resoundingly at the
7:
2390:from the original on 8 November 2012
1943:one of the few crossings in the area
1131:
3684:Histories of cities in South Africa
3447:Snow, Richard F. (April–May 1981).
3361:. Dublin: M.H. Gill & Son, Ltd.
2315:from the original on 28 August 2009
2283:from the original on 5 October 2012
1262:Long Cecil gun in the workshops of
971:, but not against sustained siege.
3478:. Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press.
3330:Peddle, Colonel D.E. (June 1977).
3213:Cecil Rhodes; The Man and His Work
1996:Morris & Linnegar 2004, p. 110
1182:ticket from the siege of Kimberley
80: – 15 February 1900
25:
3570:. S. Low, Marston & Co., ltd.
3493:Van Hartesveldt, Fred R. (2000).
3269:. Vol. 2. London: E. Arnold.
1145:
1103:
1061:
1007:breakdown of Anglo-Boer relations
963:Loyal Regiment (North Lancashire)
821:(present-day South Africa), when
3546:Wilson, Herbert Wrigley (1900).
3541:. London: The Macmillan Company.
3177:Johnson, Stanley Currie (1921).
3152:Heberden, Winifred (June 1976).
3120:Goldman, Charles Sydney (1902).
3053:Fremont-Barnes, Gregory (2003).
2936:. University of Delaware Press.
1159:
1158:
1144:
1130:
1116:
1102:
1089:
1088:
1075:
1074:
1060:
1053:
278:
268:
256:
238:
226:
214:
188:
175:
158:
50:
3567:Pioneer, Soldier and Politician
3552:. Harmsworth Brothers, limited.
3535:Williams, Gardner Fred (1902).
2983:De Souza; Francis Hugh (2004).
2951:Coulthard-Clark, Chris (1998).
2308:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
2276:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
1421:casualties on his force at the
888:, part of a larger force under
3669:Battles of the Second Boer War
3372:. Frederick A. Stokes company.
3191:Cecil Rhodes, His Private Life
2933:The Tragedy of Sir John French
2733:"French and Kekewich Promoted"
1591:, the gun manufactured in the
886:Lieutenant-General John French
876:was stopped at the battles of
1:
3694:Sieges of the Second Boer War
1533:while French was promoted to
1441:created under the command of
849:capitulate. Engineers of the
3699:History of the Northern Cape
3095:Gilman, Ernest (June 1976).
1298:leaves to avoid contracting
3288:Miller, Stephen M. (1999).
3263:Michell, Lewis, () (1910).
3126:. London: Macmillan and co.
3028:Duxbury, G.R. (June 1972).
2957:. Sydney: Allen and Unwin.
2061:Michell (1900), pp. 267–269
1302:, while Rhodes organised a
3735:
3520:. Westby-Nunn Publishers.
3514:Westby-Nunn, Tony (2000).
2930:Cassar, George H. (1985).
2784:. House of Commons. 1902.
2551:Coulthard-Clark, pp. 66–68
2035:A Handbook of the Boer War
1548:The British established a
1543:Queen's South Africa Medal
1238:was declared in the town.
984:RML 2.5-inch mountain guns
908:Prior to the onset of the
103:(present-day South Africa)
3472:Thompson, J. Lee (2007).
3401:Kimberley: Turbulent City
3315:. Ministry of Education.
3210:Le Sueur, Gordon (1913).
2070:Conan-Doyle, Chapter VIII
2017:Ashe, Introduction, p. 17
1443:Major-General John French
1276:Diamond Fields Advertiser
769:
656:
366:
308:
293:
204:
150:
72:14 October 1899
64:
58:RML 2.5-inch mountain gun
49:
41:
3689:Kimberley, Northern Cape
3629:With French to Kimberley
3336:Military History Journal
3188:Jourdan, Philip (1911).
3158:Military History Journal
3101:Military History Journal
3034:Military History Journal
2919:Ashe, E. Oliver (1900).
2888:. London and Aldershot:
1031:, Kekewich did not have
965:, and secured against a
943:William Philip Schreiner
3664:1900 in the Cape Colony
3659:1899 in the Cape Colony
3398:Roberts, Brian (1976).
3377:Robbins, David (2001).
3074:Gardner, Brian (1969).
2972:Danes, Richard (1903).
2221:Conan-Doyle, Chapter 18
1923:29.041806°S 24.894833°E
1674:28.882230°S 24.683372°E
1427:Battle of Magersfontein
1381:Battle of Magersfontein
959:Colonel Robert Kekewich
650:Orange Free State Front
3638:The Siege of Kimberley
3564:Harris, David (1931).
3366:Ralph, Julian (1900).
3358:The Siege of Kimberley
3199:Kruger, Rayne (1960).
3056:The Boer War 1899–1902
2342:Van Hartesveldt, p. 19
2186:"An American Engineer"
2047:Michell (1900), p. 265
1641:Rhodes was a civilian
1569:Honoured Dead Memorial
1564:
1526:
1494:
1478:
1423:Battle of Modder River
1401:
1353:
1330:
1290:
1266:
1183:
1021:
961:of the 1st Battalion,
953:
952:Lt Col Robert Kekewich
809:took place during the
205:Commanders and leaders
183:South African Republic
3640:at BritishBattles.com
3242:Maylam, Paul (2005).
3227:. London: J. Murray.
3183:. London: H. Jenkins.
3059:. Osprey Publishing.
2986:A Question of Treason
2602:Fremont-Barnes, p. 56
2005:Fremont-Barnes, p. 18
1928:-29.041806; 24.894833
1875:29.31889°S 24.44750°E
1827:28.91667°S 24.41667°E
1722:28.51417°S 24.70056°E
1679:-28.882230; 24.683372
1562:
1552:at Kimberley to hold
1522:
1492:
1484:line of communication
1476:
1399:
1351:
1328:
1284:
1261:
1177:
951:
309:Casualties and losses
123:28.73833°S 24.76389°E
3714:February 1900 events
3575:Meyer, Carl (1999).
3248:. New Africa Books.
3216:. London: J. Murray.
3194:. John Lane Company.
3131:Gooch, John (2000).
2760:Johnson, pp. 159–160
2369:Jourdan, pp. 114–115
2351:Gardner, pp. 170–171
1509:Battle of Paardeberg
1322:among those killed.
1188:Colonel Baden-Powell
1023:In practice, unlike
18:Defence of Kimberley
3709:October 1899 events
3355:Phelan, T. (1913).
2989:. Kiaat Creations.
2722:Goldman, Chapter IV
2713:Goldman, pp. 98–105
2674:Phelan, pp. 195–197
2501:De Wet, Chapter VII
2386:. 7 December 1899.
2102:Saunders, pp. 27–28
1918: /
1880:-29.31889; 24.44750
1870: /
1832:-28.91667; 24.41667
1822: /
1779:28.7503°S 24.7036°E
1774: /
1727:-28.51417; 24.70056
1717: /
1669: /
1124:Port Elizabeth
128:-28.73833; 24.76389
119: /
3005:De Wet, Christiaan
2860:Westby-Nunn p. 399
2742:. 17 February 1900
2665:Goldman, pp. 82–84
2611:Goldman, pp. 70–72
2577:Goldman, pp. 73–75
2565:Ralph 1900, p. 261
1807:Koedoesberg is at
1624:Kimberley Regiment
1565:
1550:concentration camp
1527:
1495:
1479:
1402:
1354:
1331:
1291:
1285:Boer Long Tom gun
1267:
1184:
992:Maxim machine guns
954:
834:from being taken.
807:siege of Kimberley
783:Colesberg District
498:Pretoria Offensive
37:Siege of Kimberley
3679:Conflicts in 1900
3674:Conflicts in 1899
3588:978-0-620-24573-9
3485:978-0-8386-4121-7
3475:Forgotten Patriot
3453:American Heritage
3422:Mafeking Memories
2964:978-1-86448-611-7
2593:Cassar, pp. 47–49
2279:. 22 March 1900.
2166:Ralf, pp. 267–275
1784:-28.7503; 24.7036
1577:Sir Herbert Baker
1002:around the town.
928:to the south and
827:Orange Free State
800:
799:
763:Cape Colony Front
729:
728:
616:
615:
583:Blood River Poort
323:
322:
263:Cornelius Wessels
196:Orange Free State
146:
145:
16:(Redirected from
3726:
3618:
3607:. Random House.
3606:
3597:Pakenham, Thomas
3592:
3571:
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3294:. London: Cass.
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2904:; G.P. Tallboy;
2902:Erskine Childers
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2528:Williams, p. 638
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2519:Thompson, p. 157
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2483:Williams, p. 655
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2311:. 11 June 1901.
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2079:Le Sueur, p. 237
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1575:and designed by
1452:Highland Brigade
1370:military funeral
1366:smokeless powder
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994:were mounted on
988:irregular troops
825:forces from the
787:2nd Elands River
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523:1st Elands River
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3704:Cavalry charges
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3560:
3558:Further reading
3545:
3534:
3528:
3513:
3507:
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3486:
3471:
3462:
3460:
3449:"George Labram"
3446:
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3397:
3391:
3383:. Ravan Press.
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3077:The Lion's Cage
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3010:Three Years War
3003:
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2890:Gale and Polden
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2851:Roberts, p. 338
2850:
2841:
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2829:
2828:on 23 July 2008
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2701:Jourdan, p. 126
2700:
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2656:Chisholm, p. 75
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2465:Jourdan, p. 123
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2456:Jourdan, p. 122
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2444:De Souza, p. 82
2443:
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2435:Jourdan, p. 121
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2198:on 25 July 2011
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3623:External links
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2862:
2853:
2839:
2813:
2799:
2771:
2762:
2753:
2740:New York Times
2724:
2715:
2703:
2694:
2685:
2676:
2667:
2658:
2649:
2640:
2631:
2622:
2620:Goldman, p. 79
2613:
2604:
2595:
2579:
2567:
2553:
2539:
2530:
2521:
2512:
2503:
2494:
2485:
2476:
2474:Phelan, p. 162
2467:
2458:
2446:
2437:
2428:
2419:
2410:
2401:
2384:New York Times
2371:
2362:
2353:
2344:
2335:
2333:Magnus, p. 162
2326:
2294:
2262:
2253:
2241:
2232:
2230:Heberden, 1976
2223:
2209:
2177:
2168:
2152:
2140:
2128:
2116:
2114:Miller, p. 183
2104:
2090:
2081:
2072:
2063:
2049:
2037:
2019:
2007:
1998:
1989:
1976:
1959:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1945:
1896:
1848:
1800:
1752:
1743:
1695:
1647:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1627:
1626:
1619:
1616:
1539:Kimberley Star
1524:Kimberley Star
1516:
1513:
1436:Field Marshal
1406:Redvers Buller
1393:
1390:
1385:reconnaissance
1196:armoured train
1165:
1164:
1157:
1156:
1151:
1150:
1143:
1142:
1137:
1136:
1129:
1128:
1123:
1122:
1115:
1114:
1109:
1108:
1101:
1100:
1095:
1094:
1087:
1086:
1081:
1080:
1073:
1072:
1067:
1066:
1059:
1058:
1052:
1051:
1050:
1048:
1045:
937:
934:
922:Port Elizabeth
905:
902:
859:Kimberley Mine
798:
797:
795:
794:
789:
784:
781:
776:
770:
767:
766:
761:
759:
758:
751:
744:
736:
727:
726:
724:
723:
718:
713:
708:
703:
698:
693:
688:
683:
678:
673:
668:
663:
657:
654:
653:
648:
646:
645:
638:
631:
623:
614:
613:
611:
610:
605:
600:
595:
590:
585:
580:
575:
570:
565:
560:
555:
550:
545:
540:
535:
530:
525:
520:
515:
510:
505:
500:
495:
490:
485:
480:
475:
470:
468:Tugela Heights
465:
464:
463:
453:
448:
443:
438:
433:
428:
423:
418:
413:
408:
403:
398:
393:
388:
383:
378:
373:
367:
364:
363:
354:
352:
351:
344:
337:
329:
321:
320:
317:
311:
310:
306:
305:
300:
296:
295:
291:
290:
288:
287:
275:
274:I. S. Ferreira
265:
252:
250:
248:
247:
235:
223:
210:
207:
206:
202:
201:
199:
198:
185:
171:
169:
166:United Kingdom
153:
152:
148:
147:
144:
143:
140:
136:
135:
95:
93:
89:
88:
70:
62:
61:
47:
46:
39:
38:
32:
31:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3731:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3656:
3654:
3645:
3642:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3630:
3627:
3626:
3622:
3616:
3614:0-380-72001-9
3610:
3605:
3604:
3598:
3594:
3590:
3584:
3580:
3579:
3573:
3569:
3568:
3562:
3561:
3557:
3551:
3550:
3544:
3540:
3539:
3533:
3529:
3523:
3519:
3518:
3512:
3508:
3506:0-313-30627-3
3502:
3498:
3497:
3491:
3487:
3481:
3477:
3476:
3470:
3458:
3454:
3450:
3445:
3434:
3432:0-8386-3635-7
3428:
3424:
3423:
3417:
3413:
3411:0-949968-62-5
3407:
3403:
3402:
3396:
3392:
3390:0-86975-532-3
3386:
3382:
3381:
3375:
3371:
3370:
3364:
3360:
3359:
3353:
3341:
3337:
3333:
3328:
3324:
3322:0-7969-2061-3
3318:
3314:
3313:
3307:
3303:
3301:0-7146-4904-X
3297:
3293:
3292:
3286:
3282:
3276:
3268:
3267:
3261:
3257:
3255:0-86486-684-4
3251:
3247:
3246:
3240:
3236:
3234:9780719507670
3230:
3226:
3225:
3219:
3215:
3214:
3208:
3205:. Lippincott.
3204:
3203:
3197:
3193:
3192:
3186:
3182:
3181:
3175:
3163:
3159:
3155:
3150:
3146:
3144:0-7146-5101-X
3140:
3137:. Routledge.
3136:
3135:
3129:
3125:
3124:
3118:
3106:
3102:
3098:
3093:
3089:
3087:0-213-76477-6
3083:
3079:
3078:
3072:
3068:
3066:1-84176-396-9
3062:
3058:
3057:
3051:
3039:
3035:
3031:
3026:
3022:
3020:0-947020-03-9
3016:
3012:
3011:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2996:0-620-32030-3
2992:
2988:
2987:
2981:
2977:
2976:
2970:
2966:
2960:
2956:
2955:
2949:
2945:
2943:0-87413-241-X
2939:
2935:
2934:
2928:
2924:
2923:
2917:
2913:
2912:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2895:
2891:
2887:
2886:
2881:
2880:
2876:
2869:Maylam, p. 56
2866:
2863:
2857:
2854:
2848:
2846:
2844:
2840:
2827:
2823:
2817:
2814:
2809:
2803:
2800:
2787:
2783:
2782:
2775:
2772:
2769:Duxbury, 1972
2766:
2763:
2757:
2754:
2741:
2734:
2728:
2725:
2719:
2716:
2710:
2708:
2704:
2698:
2695:
2692:Robbins, 2001
2689:
2686:
2680:
2677:
2671:
2668:
2662:
2659:
2653:
2650:
2647:Cassar, p. 48
2644:
2641:
2635:
2632:
2629:Cassar, p. 47
2626:
2623:
2617:
2614:
2608:
2605:
2599:
2596:
2590:
2588:
2586:
2584:
2580:
2574:
2572:
2568:
2562:
2560:
2558:
2554:
2548:
2546:
2544:
2540:
2537:Danes, p. 431
2534:
2531:
2525:
2522:
2516:
2513:
2507:
2504:
2498:
2495:
2489:
2486:
2480:
2477:
2471:
2468:
2462:
2459:
2453:
2451:
2447:
2441:
2438:
2432:
2429:
2423:
2420:
2414:
2411:
2405:
2402:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2375:
2372:
2366:
2363:
2357:
2354:
2348:
2345:
2339:
2336:
2330:
2327:
2314:
2310:
2309:
2304:
2298:
2295:
2282:
2278:
2277:
2272:
2266:
2263:
2257:
2254:
2248:
2246:
2242:
2236:
2233:
2227:
2224:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2210:
2194:
2187:
2181:
2178:
2175:Lewis, p. 269
2172:
2169:
2163:
2161:
2159:
2157:
2153:
2150:Wilson, p. 53
2147:
2145:
2141:
2138:Phelan, p. 13
2135:
2133:
2129:
2126:Ashe, pp. 3–4
2123:
2121:
2117:
2111:
2109:
2105:
2099:
2097:
2095:
2091:
2085:
2082:
2076:
2073:
2067:
2064:
2058:
2056:
2054:
2050:
2044:
2042:
2038:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2020:
2014:
2012:
2008:
2002:
1999:
1993:
1990:
1986:
1980:
1977:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1961:
1954:
1949:
1940:
1900:
1897:
1892:
1852:
1849:
1844:
1804:
1801:
1796:
1790:Carters Ridge
1756:
1753:
1747:
1744:
1739:
1699:
1696:
1691:
1651:
1648:
1644:
1638:
1635:
1629:
1625:
1622:
1621:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1608:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1561:
1557:
1555:
1551:
1546:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1535:major general
1532:
1525:
1521:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1504:
1501:
1491:
1487:
1485:
1475:
1471:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1447:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1398:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1373:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1350:
1346:
1343:
1339:
1338:
1327:
1323:
1320:
1316:
1315:Magersfontein
1312:
1307:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1288:
1283:
1279:
1277:
1272:
1265:
1260:
1256:
1253:
1247:
1245:
1244:George Labram
1239:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1181:
1176:
1056:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1036:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1020:
1015:
1013:
1008:
1003:
1001:
1000:tailing heaps
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
977:
972:
970:
969:
964:
960:
950:
946:
944:
935:
933:
932:to the east.
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
903:
901:
899:
896:continued at
895:
891:
887:
883:
882:Magersfontein
879:
875:
871:
867:
862:
860:
856:
852:
847:
843:
839:
835:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
793:
790:
788:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
771:
768:
757:
752:
750:
745:
743:
738:
737:
734:
722:
719:
717:
716:Biddulphsberg
714:
712:
709:
707:
704:
702:
699:
697:
694:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:
681:Magersfontein
679:
677:
674:
672:
669:
667:
664:
662:
659:
658:
655:
644:
639:
637:
632:
630:
625:
624:
621:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
596:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
574:
571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
558:Middelfontein
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
536:
534:
531:
529:
526:
524:
521:
519:
516:
514:
511:
509:
506:
504:
501:
499:
496:
494:
491:
489:
486:
484:
481:
479:
476:
474:
473:3rd Ladysmith
471:
469:
466:
462:
461:Bloody Sunday
459:
458:
457:
454:
452:
449:
447:
444:
442:
439:
437:
436:Magersfontein
434:
432:
429:
427:
424:
422:
419:
417:
414:
412:
411:Willow Grange
409:
407:
404:
402:
401:2nd Ladysmith
399:
397:
396:1st Ladysmith
394:
392:
389:
387:
384:
382:
379:
377:
374:
372:
369:
368:
365:
360:
350:
345:
343:
338:
336:
331:
330:
327:
318:
313:
312:
307:
301:
298:
297:
292:
286:
281:
276:
271:
266:
264:
259:
254:
253:
251:
246:
241:
236:
234:
229:
224:
222:
217:
212:
211:
209:
208:
203:
197:
186:
184:
173:
172:
170:
167:
155:
154:
149:
141:
138:
137:
132:
102:
98:
94:
91:
90:
71:
68:
67:
63:
59:
53:
48:
45:
40:
35:
30:
19:
3719:Cecil Rhodes
3603:The Boer War
3602:
3577:
3566:
3548:
3537:
3516:
3495:
3474:
3461:. Retrieved
3456:
3452:
3436:. Retrieved
3421:
3400:
3379:
3368:
3357:
3344:. Retrieved
3339:
3335:
3311:
3290:
3265:
3244:
3223:
3212:
3201:
3190:
3179:
3166:. Retrieved
3161:
3157:
3133:
3122:
3109:. Retrieved
3104:
3100:
3076:
3055:
3042:. Retrieved
3037:
3033:
3009:
2985:
2974:
2953:
2932:
2921:
2910:
2884:
2877:Bibliography
2865:
2856:
2830:. Retrieved
2826:the original
2816:
2802:
2790:. Retrieved
2780:
2774:
2765:
2756:
2744:. Retrieved
2739:
2727:
2718:
2697:
2688:
2683:Ashe, p. 230
2679:
2670:
2661:
2652:
2643:
2638:Ralf, p. 262
2634:
2625:
2616:
2607:
2598:
2533:
2524:
2515:
2510:Gooch, p. 15
2506:
2497:
2492:Ashe, p. 199
2488:
2479:
2470:
2461:
2440:
2431:
2426:Ashe, p. 150
2422:
2417:Ashe, p. 113
2413:
2404:
2392:. Retrieved
2383:
2374:
2365:
2356:
2347:
2338:
2329:
2317:. Retrieved
2306:
2297:
2285:. Retrieved
2274:
2265:
2260:Gilman, 1976
2256:
2235:
2226:
2200:. Retrieved
2193:the original
2180:
2171:
2084:
2075:
2066:
2001:
1992:
1984:
1979:
1974:Peddle, 1977
1913:24°53′41.4″E
1910:29°02′30.5″S
1899:
1851:
1838:Koesdoesberg
1803:
1755:
1746:
1698:
1650:
1642:
1637:
1609:
1599:(facing the
1581:Matopo Hills
1573:Cecil Rhodes
1566:
1547:
1528:
1505:
1496:
1480:
1448:
1438:Lord Roberts
1435:
1410:Bloemfontein
1403:
1374:
1355:
1341:
1335:
1332:
1308:
1304:soup kitchen
1292:
1289:to Kimberley
1286:
1275:
1268:
1252:Orange River
1248:
1240:
1216:Modder River
1185:
1138:Bloemfontein
1040:Beaconsfield
1037:
1025:Baden Powell
1022:
1017:
1011:
1004:
973:
968:coup de main
966:
955:
939:
907:
890:Lord Roberts
878:Modder River
874:Lord Methuen
863:
846:Jameson Raid
842:Cecil Rhodes
840:
836:
806:
804:
773:
701:Sanna's Post
691:Poplar Grove
676:Modder River
660:
603:Hart's River
573:Duivelskloof
548:Nooitgedacht
543:Leliefontein
538:Rhenosterkop
513:Diamond Hill
488:Sanna's Post
478:Poplar Grove
426:Modder River
391:Elandslaagte
380:
304:Several guns
233:Cecil Rhodes
151:Belligerents
42:Part of the
29:
2978:. Cassells.
2898:Amery, L.S.
2832:3 September
2408:Ashe, p. 85
2360:Ashe, p. 80
2239:Ashe, p. 32
1926: /
1878: /
1830: /
1782: /
1725: /
1685:Spytfontein
1677: /
1462:across the
1319:Black Watch
1236:martial law
998:built atop
936:Preparation
914:Cape Colony
894:Piet Cronjé
819:Cape Colony
696:Driefontein
588:Bakenlaagte
508:Faber's Put
483:Driefontein
451:Vaal Krantz
386:Talana Hill
316:135 wounded
302:3,000–6,500
285:Piet Cronjé
245:John French
126: /
101:Cape Colony
3653:Categories
3080:. Barker.
2892:Ltd. 1910.
1950:References
1934:Klip Drift
1932: (
1884: (
1865:24°26′51″E
1862:29°19′08″S
1836: (
1817:24°25′00″E
1814:28°55′00″S
1788: (
1769:24°42′13″E
1766:28°45′01″S
1731: (
1712:24°42′02″E
1709:28°30′51″S
1683: (
1664:24°41′00″E
1661:28°52′56″S
1601:Free State
1589:Long Cecil
1464:Riet River
1431:Black Week
1418:War Office
1375:The Boers
1358:"Long Tom"
1342:Long Cecil
1337:Long Cecil
1228:Heliograph
1224:Vaal River
904:Background
898:Paardeberg
855:Long Cecil
792:Groenkloof
711:Zand River
686:Paardeberg
568:Groenkloof
533:Bothaville
456:Paardeberg
114:24°45′50″E
111:28°44′18″S
84:1900-02-15
76:1899-10-14
3463:23 August
3346:23 August
3275:cite book
3168:23 August
3111:23 August
3044:28 August
2792:23 August
2746:29 August
2394:23 August
2319:29 August
2287:29 August
1955:Citations
1645:commander
1597:stylobate
1515:Aftermath
1468:Jacobsdal
1362:Ladysmith
1271:triggered
1212:Jacobsdal
1208:De la Rey
1152:Ladysmith
1110:Cape Town
1068:Kimberley
1033:free rein
976:companies
926:Jacobsdal
918:Cape Town
866:Ladysmith
831:Transvaal
815:Kimberley
779:Stormberg
774:Kimberley
661:Kimberley
598:Tweebosch
528:Bergendal
446:Spion Kop
431:Stormberg
406:Chieveley
381:Kimberley
314:42 killed
299:>1,600
97:Kimberley
3631:poem by
3599:(1979).
3007:(1902).
2908:(1900).
2786:Archived
2388:Archived
2313:Archived
2281:Archived
1733:Riverton
1643:de facto
1618:See also
1605:Long Tom
1593:De Beers
1554:interned
1414:Pretoria
1377:besieged
1287:en route
1264:De Beers
1204:Kraaipan
1200:Mafeking
1166:Pretoria
1096:Mafeking
1082:Kraaipan
1029:Mafeking
1012:en route
996:redoubts
870:Mafeking
851:De Beers
829:and the
721:Groenkop
593:Groenkop
553:Helvetia
518:Witpoort
503:Doornkop
376:Mafeking
371:Kraaipan
294:Strength
92:Location
56:British
2202:22 July
1987:, p. 24
1886:Graspan
1531:colonel
1456:Graspan
1311:redoubt
1192:Vryburg
671:Graspan
666:Belmont
608:Rooiwal
441:Colenso
421:Graspan
416:Belmont
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1983:Amery
1500:charge
1460:drifts
1392:Relief
1300:scurvy
1220:Boshof
1194:by an
1180:ration
982:, six
930:Boshof
706:Boshof
493:Boshof
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139:Result
2736:(PDF)
2196:(PDF)
2189:(PDF)
1985:et al
1630:Notes
1178:Soup
1047:Siege
319:Heavy
3609:ISBN
3583:ISBN
3522:ISBN
3501:ISBN
3480:ISBN
3465:2009
3440:2008
3427:ISBN
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2289:2009
2204:2009
1567:The
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1230:and
880:and
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