Knowledge (XXG)

Defense of the Great Wall

Source 📝

263: 1481: 135: 245: 233: 221: 209: 197: 185: 173: 122: 275: 148: 1359: 39: 1467: 1400:
platoon managed to hold off the better equipped Japanese army for up to three days before being overrun. Some NRA Divisions also managed to win major victories in passes like Xifengkou and Gubeikou by using the ramparts to move soldiers from one sector to another in the Great Wall, just like the
1626:
Hsu Long-hsuen and Chang Ming-kai, History of The Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945) 2nd Ed. ,1971. Translated by Wen Ha-hsiung, Chung Wu Publishing; 33, 140th Lane, Tung-hwa Street, Taipei, Taiwan Republic of China. Pg.
916: 351: 1542: 1377:
abandoned that pass. The Chinese army was significantly underarmed in comparison to the Japanese and many units were predominantly equipped with handguns, hand grenades, and traditional
1373:. The KMT 29th Army evacuated from Xifengkou Pass on April 8. On April 11, Japanese troops retook Lengkou Pass after dozens of seesaw fights over the pass defenses and Chinese forces at 909: 1255:'s sanction for the 'strategic operation' against Chinese forces in Rehe. Hoping that it was the last of the army's operations in the area and that it would bring an end to the 1001: 876: 344: 1389:, light machine guns and rifles. Beaten back by overwhelming Japanese firepower, on May 20, the Chinese army retreated from their remaining positions on the Great Wall. 1328:
about resisting the Japanese invasion. Chiang Kai-shek began to relocate his forces away from his campaign against the Jiangxi Soviet, which would include the forces of
1819: 1259:, the Emperor approved, while stating explicitly that the army was not to go beyond the Great Wall. On February 23, 1933, the offensive was launched. On February 25, 902: 1435:
extending one hundred kilometers south of the Great Wall, which the Chinese army was prohibited from entering, thus greatly reducing the territorial security of
337: 1742: 804: 431: 30: 1552: 1834: 1369:
Over twenty close assaults were launched, with sword-armed Northwestern Army soldiers repelling them. However, on March 21, the Japanese took
1772: 1762: 1752: 1730: 1641: 1567: 1494: 1030: 784: 695: 857: 492: 1854: 551: 1182:
of around 200 men at Shanhaiguan. On the night of 1 January 1933, the Japanese garrison commander staged an "incident" by exploding a few
750: 497: 1710: 744: 1839: 946: 1138: 244: 232: 220: 208: 196: 184: 172: 126: 121: 1724: 1690: 1671: 1006: 1859: 1547: 1256: 981: 654: 1515: 1355:
who, as the new leader of the Northeastern Army, was assigned the duty of securing defensive positions along the Great Wall.
1096: 1062: 1020: 382: 680: 619: 465: 1443:
or ground units to make sure that the Chinese complied. Furthermore, the Chinese government was forced to acknowledge the
1054: 404: 1348:. However, his actions were too late and the reinforcements were of insufficient strength to stop the Japanese advance. 849: 1829: 1393: 1239:, on the northern side of the Great Wall, was the next target. Declaring the province to be historically a portion of 688: 482: 1824: 1534: 460: 1351:
On March 11, Japanese troops pushed up to the Great Wall itself. On March 12, Zhang Xueliang resigned his post to
1248: 838: 778: 737: 633: 426: 1013: 1092: 1025: 705: 362: 956: 1221:, unable to withstand this attack, was forced to evacuate from his positions after losing half of his force. 1795: 1789: 1440: 961: 951: 869: 717: 700: 640: 604: 574: 1309:, and on March 7, the KMT 67th Army withstood attacks by the 16th Brigade of the Japanese 8th Division, at 1849: 1844: 1210: 1175: 1084: 730: 660: 511: 1801: 770: 711: 646: 544: 1247:
to the Manchukuo cause. When this failed, the military option was put into action. The Japanese army's
863: 815: 797: 587: 568: 1636:
Osprey Publishing: The Great Wall of China 221 BC–AD 1644. Stephen Turnbull. Paperback January 2007
1370: 1295: 1528: 1505: 1378: 1363: 1267:
were taken. On March 2, the Japanese 4th Cavalry Brigade encountered resistance from the forces of
1167: 1152: 966: 421: 83: 1306: 1287: 1432: 1260: 976: 883: 843: 810: 723: 612: 592: 476: 399: 1374: 1218: 1707: 1686: 1667: 1637: 1597: 1206: 1191: 1100: 996: 831: 823: 765: 755: 556: 524: 505: 414: 409: 295: 267: 1562: 1252: 1198: 989: 894: 760: 665: 625: 599: 538: 530: 516: 470: 446: 1792:
SW Jehol Province, SE Chahar Province, NW Hebei Province (north of Beijing, Gubeikou Pass)
1735: 1714: 1520: 1420: 1382: 1317: 1236: 1171: 1134: 1088: 971: 927: 581: 387: 262: 139: 134: 1557: 1499: 1321: 1291: 1230: 1202: 1144: 1130: 563: 441: 177: 1358: 1813: 1337: 1310: 1299: 1214: 1187: 392: 279: 237: 1798:
S Jehol Province, NE Hebei Province, Great Wall to Shanhaikuan upper Luan River area
38: 1509: 1486: 1472: 1436: 1428: 1414: 1402: 1268: 1183: 1163: 940: 213: 100: 1243:, the Japanese Army initially hoped to secure it through the defection of General 1386: 1329: 1035: 249: 1719: 1462: 1352: 1333: 1244: 225: 201: 189: 1448: 1397: 1283: 1240: 1148: 274: 153: 1217:
with a dozen warships offshore. On January 3, Chinese regimental commander
329: 1341: 1179: 16:
Army campaign between China and Japan before the Second Sino-Japanese War
1396:(NRA) suffered defeat in the end, several individual NRA units like the 1190:
used this as an excuse to demand that the Chinese 626th Regiment of the
1424: 1345: 1325: 1276: 1272: 1141: 1683:
Japan's Total Empire: Manchuria and the Culture of Wartime Imperialism
1275:. On March 4, Japanese cavalry and the 1st Special Tank Company took 1201:
issued an ultimatum, and then attacked the pass with the support of 4
1080: 1070: 1305:
On March 4, the 139th Division of the KMT 32nd Army managed to hold
1508:(Japanese assassination of the Chinese head of state Generalissimo 1357: 1264: 1170:, where the Great Wall meets the ocean. Per the terms of the 1901 1452: 1666:] (in Chinese (China)). Jiangsu People's Publishing House. 898: 333: 1290:, while the 29th Army of General Song Zheyuan also fell back, 1419:
On May 22, 1933, Chinese and Japanese representatives met at
1543:
List of military engagements of the Second Sino-Japanese War
1147:, and incorporated it into the newly created state of 1129:
During this campaign, Japan successfully captured the
1427:, to negotiate an end of the conflict. The resulting 1194:, guarding Shanhaiguan, evacuate the pass defenses. 1205:and 10 tanks. The Japanese attack was supported by 1151:, whose southern frontier was thus extended to the 1720:The History of Battles of Imperial Japanese Tanks 1592: 1590: 1588: 1209:from bombers, and by shelling by warships of the 1115: 23: 1109: 1439:, whereas the Japanese were permitted to use 910: 345: 73:(4 months, 4 weeks and 2 days) 8: 1664:China's Anti-Japanese War Combat Operations 1095:officially commenced in 1937 and after the 917: 903: 895: 352: 338: 330: 37: 20: 1553:Order of battle Defense of the Great Wall 1021:Manchuria and Inner Mongolia (1931–1936) 962:Manchuria, Korea, and Taiwan (1894–1895) 1820:Battles of the Second Sino-Japanese War 1617:Guo Rugui, 珏äșŒéƒšćˆ†ïŒšä»Ž"äčäž€ć…«"äș‹ć˜ćˆ°è„żćź‰äș‹ć˜ æŠ†ć…ł 热æȳ怱柈 1 1584: 1302:'s 25th Division to the Gubeikou Pass. 1197:When the Chinese garrison refused, the 1727:Japanese photos from Operation Nekka. 1495:Events preceding World War II in Asia 7: 1166:is the fortified eastern end of the 1340:. Chiang Kai-shek also called over 1271:, and after days of fighting, took 1122:and in many English sources as the 1079:) (January 1 – May 31, 1933) was a 1685:. University of California Press. 1568:Chahar People's Anti-Japanese Army 1381:, with limited supplies of trench 14: 1479: 1465: 1002:German Pacific possesions (1914) 273: 261: 243: 231: 219: 207: 195: 183: 171: 146: 133: 120: 1548:Order of battle Operation Jehol 977:Manchuria and Korea (1904–1905) 1516:Japanese invasion of Manchuria 1294:'s 37th Division retreated to 1097:Japanese invasion of Manchuria 1091:, which took place before the 1075: 1066: 1058: 377:1931–1937 (pre-war skirmishes) 1: 1835:Military history of Manchuria 1186:and firing a few shots. The 1362:Chinese soldiers armed with 1855:Battles involving Manchukuo 1598:"Battles of the Great Wall" 1394:National Revolutionary Army 1116: 805:North Burma and West Yunnan 1876: 1535:Marco Polo Bridge Incident 1412: 1286:'s 32nd Army retreated to 1228: 926:Military campaigns of the 97:Japanese-Manchukuo victory 1840:History of Inner Mongolia 1708:Battles of the Great Wall 1110: 1051:defense of the Great Wall 967:Liaodong Peninsula (1895) 937: 427:Pacification of Manchukuo 373: 315: 288: 161: 113: 47: 36: 28: 24:Defense of the Great Wall 1804:NE Hebei Luan River area 1659: 1282:Falling back from Rehe, 1099:in 1931. It is known in 1093:Second Sino-Japanese War 1036:Asia-Pacific (1941–1945) 364:Second Sino-Japanese War 70:January 1 – May 31, 1933 31:Inner Mongolian Campaign 1441:reconnaissance aircraft 1031:French Indochina (1940) 1860:History of Zhangjiakou 1681:Young, Louise (1999). 1405:soldiers before them. 1366: 1320:held discussions with 1211:Imperial Japanese Navy 1176:Imperial Japanese Army 1159:Battle of Shanhai Pass 1083:between the armies of 858:West Henan–North Hubei 162:Commanders and leaders 1361: 1279:the capital of Rehe. 1199:Japanese 8th Division 1124:First Battle of Hopei 316:Casualties and losses 1749:. February 27, 1933. 1658:Guo, Rugui (2005). 1830:Great Wall of China 1743:"Bumps & Blood" 1739:. January 23, 1933. 1529:January 28 Incident 1523:(18 September 1931) 1506:Huanggutun incident 1178:maintained a small 1168:Great Wall of China 1153:Great Wall of China 1076:ChĂĄngchĂ©ng KĂ ngzhĂ n 1063:traditional Chinese 1007:Siberia (1918–1922) 785:Sichuan (cancelled) 84:Great Wall of China 82:Eastern end of the 1713:2022-10-17 at the 1433:demilitarized zone 1367: 1055:simplified Chinese 575:Yellow River flood 489:Railway Operation 1825:Conflicts in 1933 1779:. March 13, 1933. 1642:978-1-84603-004-8 1344:'s 7th Army from 1257:Manchurian matter 1207:close air support 1192:Northeastern Army 1085:Republic of China 1044: 1043: 972:China (1899–1901) 892: 891: 751:Yunnan-Burma Road 689:Hundred Regiments 461:Marco Polo Bridge 328: 327: 296:Northeastern Army 109: 108: 1867: 1802:Ch'ang-Li nj50-4 1790:Cheng-te nk50-11 1784:Topographic maps 1769:. March 6, 1933. 1759:. March 6, 1933. 1731:"On Bended Knee" 1696: 1677: 1644: 1634: 1628: 1624: 1618: 1615: 1609: 1608: 1606: 1604: 1594: 1563:Suiyuan campaign 1531:(Shanghai, 1932) 1489: 1484: 1483: 1482: 1475: 1470: 1469: 1468: 1451:and the loss of 1447:independence of 1253:Emperor Hirohito 1235:The province of 1121: 1119: 1113: 1112: 1077: 1068: 1060: 932: 930: 919: 912: 905: 896: 779:Zhejiang–Jiangxi 655:Winter Offensive 552:North-East Henan 483:Sihang Warehouse 368: 367: 365: 354: 347: 340: 331: 278: 277: 266: 265: 248: 247: 236: 235: 224: 223: 212: 211: 200: 199: 188: 187: 176: 175: 152: 150: 149: 138: 137: 125: 124: 71: 68: 66: 61: 59: 49: 48: 43:Great Wall, 1933 41: 21: 1875: 1874: 1870: 1869: 1868: 1866: 1865: 1864: 1810: 1809: 1786: 1773:"Glorious 16th" 1715:Wayback Machine 1704: 1699: 1693: 1680: 1674: 1661: 1660:ă€Šäž­ć›œæŠ—æ—„æˆ˜äș‰æ­Łéąæˆ˜ćœșäœœæˆ˜èź°ă€‹ 1657: 1653: 1648: 1647: 1635: 1631: 1625: 1621: 1616: 1612: 1602: 1600: 1596: 1595: 1586: 1581: 1576: 1521:Mukden Incident 1512:on 4 June 1928) 1485: 1480: 1478: 1471: 1466: 1464: 1461: 1417: 1411: 1318:Chiang Kai-shek 1233: 1227: 1172:Boxer Rebellion 1161: 1131:Inner Mongolian 1107: 1105:Operation Nekka 1089:Empire of Japan 1047: 1046: 1045: 1040: 1026:China (1937–45) 997:Tsingtao (1914) 984: 933: 929:Empire of Japan 928: 925: 923: 893: 888: 681:Zaoyang–Yichang 620:Suixian–Zaoyang 466:Beiping–Tianjin 405:Nenjiang Bridge 369: 363: 361: 360: 358: 307: 284: 272: 260: 254: 242: 230: 218: 206: 194: 182: 170: 147: 145: 132: 119: 105: 86: 72: 69: 64: 62: 57: 55: 42: 17: 12: 11: 5: 1873: 1871: 1863: 1862: 1857: 1852: 1847: 1842: 1837: 1832: 1827: 1822: 1812: 1811: 1806: 1805: 1799: 1796:Lin-yu nk50-12 1793: 1785: 1782: 1781: 1780: 1770: 1763:"Two-Gun Tang" 1760: 1753:"War of Jehol" 1750: 1740: 1728: 1722: 1717: 1703: 1702:External links 1700: 1698: 1697: 1691: 1678: 1672: 1654: 1652: 1649: 1646: 1645: 1629: 1619: 1610: 1583: 1582: 1580: 1577: 1575: 1572: 1571: 1570: 1565: 1560: 1558:Baimaguan Fort 1555: 1550: 1545: 1540: 1539: 1538: 1532: 1526: 1525: 1524: 1513: 1503: 1500:Jinan incident 1491: 1490: 1476: 1460: 1457: 1413:Main article: 1410: 1407: 1379:Chinese swords 1371:Yiyuankou Pass 1322:Zhang Xueliang 1296:Xifengkou Pass 1292:Zhang Zuoxiang 1249:Chief of Staff 1231:Battle of Rehe 1229:Main article: 1226: 1225:Battle of Rehe 1223: 1203:armored trains 1160: 1157: 1145:Zhang Xueliang 1042: 1041: 1039: 1038: 1033: 1028: 1023: 1010: 1009: 1004: 999: 986: 985: 979: 974: 969: 964: 959: 954: 952:Ganghwa (1875) 949: 938: 935: 934: 924: 922: 921: 914: 907: 899: 890: 889: 887: 886: 880: 879: 873: 872: 867: 860: 855: 854: 853: 850:Guilin–Liuzhou 846: 841: 827: 820: 819: 818: 813: 801: 793: 792: 788: 787: 782: 775: 774: 773: 768: 763: 758: 748: 741: 734: 727: 720: 715: 708: 703: 698: 693: 684: 676: 675: 671: 670: 669: 668: 663: 651: 650: 649: 637: 630: 629: 628: 616: 609: 608: 607: 597: 596: 595: 590: 578: 571: 566: 561: 560: 559: 549: 548: 547: 535: 534: 533: 521: 520: 519: 514: 502: 501: 500: 495: 493:Beiping–Hankou 487: 486: 485: 473: 468: 463: 457: 456: 452: 451: 450: 449: 444: 439: 432:Inner Mongolia 429: 424: 419: 418: 417: 412: 407: 402: 397: 396: 395: 379: 378: 374: 371: 370: 359: 357: 356: 349: 342: 334: 326: 325: 322: 318: 317: 313: 312: 301: 291: 290: 286: 285: 283: 282: 270: 268:Nobuyoshi Mutƍ 257: 255: 253: 252: 240: 228: 216: 204: 192: 180: 178:Zhang Xueliang 167: 164: 163: 159: 158: 157: 156: 129: 116: 115: 111: 110: 107: 106: 104: 103: 98: 94: 92: 88: 87: 81: 79: 75: 74: 53: 45: 44: 34: 33: 26: 25: 19: 18: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1872: 1861: 1858: 1856: 1853: 1851: 1850:1933 in Japan 1848: 1846: 1845:1933 in China 1843: 1841: 1838: 1836: 1833: 1831: 1828: 1826: 1823: 1821: 1818: 1817: 1815: 1808: 1803: 1800: 1797: 1794: 1791: 1788: 1787: 1783: 1778: 1774: 1771: 1768: 1764: 1761: 1758: 1754: 1751: 1748: 1744: 1741: 1738: 1737: 1732: 1729: 1726: 1723: 1721: 1718: 1716: 1712: 1709: 1706: 1705: 1701: 1694: 1692:0-520-21934-1 1688: 1684: 1679: 1675: 1673:7-214-03034-9 1669: 1665: 1656: 1655: 1650: 1643: 1639: 1633: 1630: 1623: 1620: 1614: 1611: 1599: 1593: 1591: 1589: 1585: 1578: 1573: 1569: 1566: 1564: 1561: 1559: 1556: 1554: 1551: 1549: 1546: 1544: 1541: 1537:(7 July 1937) 1536: 1533: 1530: 1527: 1522: 1519: 1518: 1517: 1514: 1511: 1507: 1504: 1501: 1498: 1497: 1496: 1493: 1492: 1488: 1477: 1474: 1463: 1458: 1456: 1454: 1450: 1446: 1442: 1438: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1416: 1408: 1406: 1404: 1399: 1395: 1392:Although the 1390: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1365: 1360: 1356: 1354: 1349: 1347: 1343: 1339: 1338:Guan Linzheng 1335: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1314: 1312: 1311:Gubeikou Pass 1308: 1303: 1301: 1300:Guan Linzheng 1297: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1280: 1278: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1232: 1224: 1222: 1220: 1216: 1215:IJN 2nd Fleet 1212: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1195: 1193: 1189: 1188:Kwantung Army 1185: 1184:hand grenades 1181: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1165: 1158: 1156: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1143: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1127: 1125: 1118: 1117:Nekka Sakusen 1106: 1102: 1098: 1094: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1078: 1072: 1064: 1056: 1052: 1037: 1034: 1032: 1029: 1027: 1024: 1022: 1019: 1018: 1017: 1016: 1015: 1008: 1005: 1003: 1000: 998: 995: 994: 993: 992: 991: 990:Taishƍ period 983: 980: 978: 975: 973: 970: 968: 965: 963: 960: 958: 957:Ryukyu (1879) 955: 953: 950: 948: 947:Taiwan (1874) 945: 944: 943: 942: 936: 931: 920: 915: 913: 908: 906: 901: 900: 897: 885: 882: 881: 878: 875: 874: 871: 868: 866: 865: 861: 859: 856: 852: 851: 847: 845: 842: 840: 837: 836: 835: 834: 833: 828: 826: 825: 821: 817: 814: 812: 809: 808: 807: 806: 802: 800: 799: 795: 794: 790: 789: 786: 783: 781: 780: 776: 772: 769: 767: 764: 762: 759: 757: 754: 753: 752: 749: 747: 746: 742: 740: 739: 735: 733: 732: 728: 726: 725: 721: 719: 716: 714: 713: 709: 707: 704: 702: 701:Central Hubei 699: 697: 696:North Vietnam 694: 692: 691: 690: 685: 683: 682: 678: 677: 673: 672: 667: 664: 662: 659: 658: 657: 656: 652: 648: 645: 644: 643: 642: 641:South Guangxi 638: 636: 635: 631: 627: 624: 623: 622: 621: 617: 615: 614: 610: 606: 603: 602: 601: 598: 594: 591: 589: 586: 585: 584: 583: 579: 577: 576: 572: 570: 567: 565: 562: 558: 555: 554: 553: 550: 546: 543: 542: 541: 540: 536: 532: 529: 528: 527: 526: 522: 518: 515: 513: 510: 509: 508: 507: 503: 499: 498:Tianjin–Pukou 496: 494: 491: 490: 488: 484: 481: 480: 479: 478: 474: 472: 469: 467: 464: 462: 459: 458: 454: 453: 448: 445: 443: 440: 438: 435: 434: 433: 430: 428: 425: 423: 420: 416: 413: 411: 408: 406: 403: 401: 398: 394: 393:Lytton Report 391: 390: 389: 386: 385: 384: 381: 380: 376: 375: 372: 366: 355: 350: 348: 343: 341: 336: 335: 332: 323: 320: 319: 314: 310: 305: 302: 299: 297: 293: 292: 287: 281: 280:Zhang Haipeng 276: 271: 269: 264: 259: 258: 256: 251: 246: 241: 239: 238:Zhang Zizhong 234: 229: 227: 222: 217: 215: 210: 205: 203: 198: 193: 191: 186: 181: 179: 174: 169: 168: 166: 165: 160: 155: 144: 143: 142: 141: 136: 130: 128: 123: 118: 117: 112: 102: 99: 96: 95: 93: 90: 89: 85: 80: 77: 76: 54: 51: 50: 46: 40: 35: 32: 27: 22: 1807: 1776: 1766: 1756: 1746: 1734: 1682: 1663: 1632: 1622: 1613: 1601:. Retrieved 1510:Zhang Zuolin 1487:China portal 1473:Japan portal 1444: 1437:China proper 1429:Tanggu Truce 1418: 1415:Tanggu Truce 1403:Ming dynasty 1391: 1387:machine guns 1368: 1350: 1316:On March 9, 1315: 1307:Lengkou Pass 1304: 1288:Lengkou Pass 1281: 1269:Sun Dianying 1234: 1196: 1174:accord, the 1162: 1133:province of 1128: 1123: 1104: 1074: 1050: 1048: 1014:Shƍwa period 1012: 1011: 988: 987: 982:Korea (1910) 941:Meiji period 939: 862: 848: 839:4th Changsha 830: 829: 822: 803: 796: 777: 745:3rd Changsha 743: 738:2nd Changsha 736: 731:South Shanxi 729: 722: 710: 687: 686: 679: 661:West Suiyuan 653: 639: 634:1st Changsha 632: 618: 611: 580: 573: 537: 523: 512:Pingxingguan 504: 477:2nd Shanghai 475: 436: 422:1st Shanghai 308: 303: 294: 214:Song Zheyuan 131: 114:Belligerents 101:Tanggu Truce 29:Part of the 1164:Shanhaiguan 771:Yenangyaung 712:South Henan 706:South Anhui 647:Kunlun Pass 545:Taierzhuang 250:Zhao Dengyu 1814:Categories 1725:Jehol 1933 1574:References 1502:(May 1928) 1431:created a 1375:Jielingkou 1353:He Yingqin 1334:Xu Tingyao 1298:, General 1251:requested 1245:Tang Yulin 864:West Hunan 816:Mount Song 798:West Hubei 718:West Hubei 593:Wenxi fire 588:Wanjialing 437:Great Wall 309:Manchukuo: 226:Tong Linge 202:Xu Tingyao 190:He Yingqin 65:1933-05-31 58:1933-01-01 1603:13 August 1579:Citations 1449:Manchukuo 1409:Aftermath 1398:He Zhuguo 1330:Huang Jie 1284:Wan Fulin 1241:Manchuria 1219:Shi Shian 1149:Manchukuo 1137:from the 811:Myitkyina 791:1943–1945 674:1940–1942 569:Chongqing 455:1937–1939 400:Jiangqiao 383:Manchuria 154:Manchukuo 1711:Archived 1627:159–161. 1459:See also 1445:de facto 1385:, heavy 1342:Fu Zuoyi 1261:Chaoyang 1180:garrison 1101:Japanese 1081:campaign 844:Hengyang 724:Shanggao 613:Nanchang 531:Massacre 289:Strength 78:Location 1651:Sources 1425:Tianjin 1383:mortars 1346:Suiyuan 1326:Baoding 1277:Chengde 1273:Chifeng 1142:warlord 1139:Chinese 884:Taihoku 877:Air War 870:Guangxi 832:Ichi-Go 824:Changde 766:Toungoo 756:Tachiao 557:Lanfeng 525:Nanking 506:Taiyuan 447:Suiyuan 410:Jinzhou 324:Unknown 321:Unknown 300:50,000+ 1689:  1670:  1640:  1421:Tanggu 1364:dadaos 1073:: 1071:pinyin 1065:: 1057:: 761:Oktwin 666:Wuyuan 626:Swatow 605:Hainan 600:Canton 539:Xuzhou 517:Xinkou 471:Chahar 415:Harbin 388:Mukden 311:42,000 306:50,000 304:Japan: 151:  91:Result 1662:[ 1265:Kailu 582:Wuhan 140:Japan 127:China 1777:Time 1767:Time 1757:Time 1747:Time 1736:Time 1687:ISBN 1668:ISBN 1638:ISBN 1605:2016 1453:Rehe 1336:and 1263:and 1237:Rehe 1135:Rehe 1111:熱æČłäœœæˆ° 1087:and 1067:é•·ćŸŽæŠ—æˆ° 1059:é•żćŸŽæŠ—æˆ˜ 1049:The 564:Amoy 442:Rehe 52:Date 1324:in 1213:'s 1103:as 1816:: 1775:. 1765:. 1755:. 1745:. 1733:. 1587:^ 1455:. 1423:, 1332:, 1313:. 1155:. 1126:. 1114:, 1069:; 1061:; 1695:. 1676:. 1607:. 1120:) 1108:( 1053:( 918:e 911:t 904:v 353:e 346:t 339:v 298:: 67:) 63:( 60:) 56:(

Index

Inner Mongolian Campaign

Great Wall of China
Tanggu Truce
Republic of China (1912–1949)
China
Empire of Japan
Japan
Manchukuo
Republic of China (1912–1949)
Zhang Xueliang
Republic of China (1912–1949)
He Yingqin
Republic of China (1912–1949)
Xu Tingyao
Republic of China (1912–1949)
Song Zheyuan
Republic of China (1912–1949)
Tong Linge
Republic of China (1912–1949)
Zhang Zizhong
Republic of China (1912–1949)
Zhao Dengyu
Empire of Japan
Nobuyoshi Mutƍ
Manchukuo
Zhang Haipeng
Northeastern Army
v
t

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

↑