298:-defensins, contains the defensins found in invertebrates, plants, and fungi. The superfamilies and families are determined by the overall tertiary structure, and each family usually has a conserved pattern of disulphide bonds. All defensins form small and compact folded structures, typically with a high positive charge, that are highly stable due to the multiple disulphide bonds. In all families, the underlying genes responsible for defensin production are highly
227:
254:
29:
900:
They have generally been considered to contribute to mucosal health; however, it is possible that these peptides can be considered biological factors that can be upregulated by bioactive compounds present in human breast milk. In this sense, the intestinal production of antimicrobial peptides as hBD2
2213:
Mygind PH, Fischer RL, Schnorr KM, Hansen MT, SÜnksen CP, Ludvigsen S, Raventós D, Buskov S, Christensen B, De Maria L, Taboureau O, Yaver D, Elvig-Jørgensen SG, Sørensen MV, Christensen BE, Kjaerulff S, Frimodt-Moller N, Lehrer RI, Zasloff M, Kristensen HH (October 2005). "Plectasin is a peptide
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At present, the widespread spread of antibiotic resistance requires the search and development of new antimicrobial drugs. From this point of view, defensins (as well as antimicrobial peptides in general) are of great interest. It was shown that defensins have pronounced antibacterial activity
2409:
Batista da Cunha D, Pupo
Silvestrini AV, Gomes da Silva AC, Maria de Paula Estevam D, Pollettini FL, de Oliveira Navarro J, Alves AA, RemĂŠdio Zeni Beretta AL, Annichino Bizzacchi JM, Pereira LC, Mazzi MV (May 2018). "Mechanistic insights into functional characteristics of native crotamine".
1542:
Montero-Alejo V, Corzo G, Porro-SuardĂaz J, Pardo-Ruiz Z, Perera E, RodrĂguez-Viera L, SĂĄnchez-DĂaz G, HernĂĄndez-RodrĂguez EW, Ălvarez C, Peigneur S, Tytgat J, Perdomo-Morales R (February 2017). "Panusin represents a new family of β-defensin-like peptides in invertebrates".
330:) and the cysteine-rich sequence (the mature peptide). The disulfide linkages formed by the cysteines have been suggested to be essential for activities related to innate immunity in mammals, but are not necessarily required for antimicrobial activity.
753:
There appear to have been multiple evolutionary recruitments of defensins to be toxin proteins used in the venoms of animals; they act via a completely different mechanism to their antimicrobial relatives, from binding directly to
948:
patients; in discordant twin pairs, unaffected twins also had an increase, although not as high as that of their ill siblings. The authors suggested that alpha-defensin levels might prove a useful marker for schizophrenia risk.
494:
cells of many kinds. For example, they can be found on the tongue, skin, cornea, salivary glands, kidneys, esophagus, and respiratory tract. It has been suggested (but also challenged) that some of the pathology of
702:
were discovered in 1990 and have subsequently been found in most plant tissues with antimicrobial activities, with both antifungal and antibacterial examples. They have been identified in all major groups of
3061:
Wehkamp J, Salzman NH, Porter E, Nuding S, Weichenthal M, Petras RE, Shen B, Schaeffeler E, Schwab M, Linzmeier R, Feathers RW, Chu H, Lima H, Fellermann K, Ganz T, Stange EF, Bevins CL (December 2005).
736:
Bacterial defensins have also been identified, but are by far the least studied. They include variants with only four cysteines, whereas defensins from eukaryote defensins almost all have six or eight.
1636:
986:, also called host defense peptide (HDP) mimetics, are completely synthetic, non-peptide, small molecule structures that mimic defensins in structure and activity. Similar molecules, such as
2360:
Whittington CM, Papenfuss AT, Bansal P, Torres AM, Wong ES, Deakin JE, Graves T, Alsop A, Schatzkamer K, Kremitzki C, Ponting CP, Temple-Smith P, Warren WC, Kuchel PW, Belov K (June 2008).
901:
and hBD4 by trefoil from milk might play an important role on neonate colonization, thereby enhancing the immune response of newborns against pathogens with which they may come in contact.
2762:"Trefoil factor 3 isolated from human breast milk downregulates cytokines (IL8 and IL6) and promotes human beta defensin (hBD2 and hBD4) expression in intestinal epithelial cells HT-29"
235:-defensin superfamily: In yellow, the two most conserved disulphides link a beta strand to two different secondary structure elements (motif = CC). On the right, an example structure (
193:, whereas in plants and fungi they are produced by a wide variety of tissues. An organism usually produces many different defensins, some of which are stored inside the cells (e.g. in
279:
The name 'defensin' was coined in the mid-1980s, though the proteins have been called 'Cationic
Antimicrobial Proteins,' 'Neutrophil peptides,' 'Gamma thionins' amongst others.
2714:
Pelegrini PB, Lay FT, Murad AM, Anderson MA, Franco OL (November 2008). "Novel insights on the mechanism of action of alpha-amylase inhibitors from the plant defensin family".
684:
are the best-characterised defensins from invertebrates (especially those from insects). Other invertebrates known to produce defensins from this protein superfamily include
262:-defensin superfamily: In yellow, the two most conserved disulphides link a beta strand to the same alpha helix (motif = CxC...CxxxC). On the right, an example structure (
3273:
3472:
3461:
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Varkey J, Singh S, Nagaraj R (November 2006). "Antibacterial activity of linear peptides spanning the carboxy-terminal beta-sheet domain of arthropod defensins".
107:
95:
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bacteria), and others are secreted into the extracellular medium. For those that directly kill microbes, their mechanism of action varies from disruption of the
3748:
745:
In addition to the defensins involved in host defence, there are a number of related
Defensin-Like Peptides (DLPs) that have evolved to have other activities.
1685:
Zhu S (February 2008). "Discovery of six families of fungal defensin-like peptides provides insights into origin and evolution of the CSalphabeta defensins".
3572:
2643:
Fobis-Loisy I, Ivanov R, Gaude T (2012). "The S-LOCUS CYSTEINE-RICH PROTEIN (SCR): A Small
Peptide with a High Impact on the Evolution of Flowering Plants".
2825:
MĂźnk C, Wei G, Yang OO, Waring AJ, Wang W, Hong T, Lehrer RI, Landau NR, Cole AM (October 2003). "The theta-defensin, retrocyclin, inhibits HIV-1 entry".
3515:
2921:"Trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) from human breast milk activates PAR-2 receptors, of the intestinal epithelial cells HT-29, regulating cytokines and defensins"
1871:
Dhople V, Krukemeyer A, Ramamoorthy A (September 2006). "The human beta-defensin-3, an antibacterial peptide with multiple biological functions".
2660:
2316:
Dash TS, Shafee T, Harvey PJ, Zhang C, Peigneur S, Deuis JR, Vetter I, Tytgat J, Anderson MA, Craik DJ, Durek T, Undheim EA (February 2019).
1429:
1082:
Tassanakajon A, Somboonwiwat K, Amparyup P (February 2015). "Sequence diversity and evolution of antimicrobial peptides in invertebrates".
3307:
for "Phase 2 Study to
Evaluate the Safety & Efficacy of Brilacidin Oral Rinse in Patients With Head and Neck Cancer (Brilacidin)" at
897:, is vulnerable to human neutrophil protein-1 (HNP-1). This group showed HNP-1 to behave as a reversible noncompetitive inhibitor of LF.
3761:
2676:
Williams LK, Brayer GD (2015-11-25). "Porcine pancreatic alpha-amylase in complex with helianthamide, a novel proteinaceous inhibitor".
3320:
3345:
3741:
3389:
Ryan LK, Freeman KB, Masso-Silva JA, Falkovsky K, Aloyouny A, Markowitz K, Hise AG, Fatahzadeh M, Scott RW, Diamond G (July 2014).
499:
arises from the inhibition of β-defensin activity on the epithelial surfaces of the lungs and trachea due to higher salt content.
807:
294:-defensins, contains the defensins found in humans and other vertebrates, as well as some invertebrates. The other superfamily,
3900:
3895:
2962:"Upregulated expression of human neutrophil peptides 1, 2 and 3 (HNP 1-3) in colon cancer serum and tumours: a biomarker study"
3452:
2547:"Human β defensin-3 induces chemokines from monocytes and macrophages: diminished activity in cells from HIV-infected persons"
3770:
3508:
1594:. Festschrift to highlight the career of Abba J. Kastin as a founding editor, researcher, and educator in the peptide field.
2695:
Zhao Q, Chae YK, Markley JL (2003-01-07). "Minimized NMR structure of ATT, an
Arabidopsis trypsin/chymotrypsin inhibitor".
3668:
2006:"Isolation, synthesis, and antimicrobial activities of naturally occurring theta-defensin isoforms from baboon leukocytes"
3734:
865:
782:. Indeed, an insect defensin has been experimentally converted into a toxin by deletion of a small loop that otherwise
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were first identified in 2005. Studied examples mainly have anti-bacterial activities and have been found in both main
3658:
3456:
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against a wide range of pathogens. In addition, defensins can enhance the effectiveness of conventional antibiotics.
2860:
Kim C, Gajendran N, MittrĂźcker HW, Weiwad M, Song YH, Hurwitz R, Wilmanns M, Fischer G, Kaufmann SH (March 2005).
3501:
3443:
3487:
2812:
1412:
Hollox EJ, Abujaber R (2017). "Evolution and
Diversity of Defensins in Vertebrates". In Pontarotti P (ed.).
282:
Proteins called 'defensins' are not all evolutionarily related to one another. Instead fall into two broad
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Evolutionary
Biology: Self/Nonself Evolution, Species and Complex Traits Evolution, Methods and Concepts
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of the small intestine, where they may regulate and maintain microbial balance in the intestinal lumen.
327:
151:
3172:"Isolation and characterization of human beta -defensin-3, a novel human inducible peptide antibiotic"
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2223:
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869:
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186:
3391:"Activity of potent and selective host defense peptide mimetics in mouse models of oral candidiasis"
2506:"Experimental conversion of a defensin into a neurotoxin: implications for origin of toxic function"
3653:
3537:
2647:. Signaling and Communication in Plants. Vol. 16. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. pp. 77â92.
995:
714:
655:
Although the most well-studied defensins are from vertebrates, a family of trans-defensins called '
283:
2862:"Human alpha-defensins neutralize anthrax lethal toxin and protect against its fatal consequences"
3890:
3757:
3308:
3289:"PMX-30063 The First And Only Defensin Mimetic Systemic Antibiotic Drug In Human Clinical Trials"
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3152:
2739:
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structure and represent a distinct group. Only alpha and beta-defensins are expressed in humans.
930:
1450:"Evolution of cnidarian trans-defensins: Sequence, structure and exploration of chemical space"
3420:
3255:
3224:"Antibacterial activity of human defensins against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli"
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1425:
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1353:
1331:
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846:. They are produced in the milk of the mother as well as by the young marsupial in question.
578:
264:
237:
35:
612:
591:
33:
Example defensins with alpha helix in red, beta strands in blue, disulphide bonds in yellow (
3839:
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3245:
3235:
3183:
3134:
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Parisi K, Shafee TM, Quimbar P, van der
Weerden NL, Bleackley MR, Anderson MA (April 2019).
2135:
2125:
2084:
2074:
2025:
2017:
1976:
1935:
1927:
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1843:
1835:
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1743:
1733:
1694:
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1599:
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1417:
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1321:
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1232:
1222:
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819:
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1981:
1964:
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253:
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2227:
2114:"Molecular Diversity of Mytilin-Like Defense Peptides in Mytilidae (Mollusca, Bivalvia)"
2070:
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systems. In plants, a specialised family of DLPs is involved in signalling to detect if
3415:
3390:
3250:
3223:
3121:
Craddock RM, Huang JT, Jackson E, Harris N, Torrey EF, Herberth M, Bahn S (July 2008).
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2005:
1940:
1915:
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is underdeveloped at the time of birth, defensins play a major role in defense against
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3024:
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100:
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3714:
3620:
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2449:
1916:"Microbicidal properties and cytocidal selectivity of rhesus macaque theta defensins"
1914:
Tran D, Tran P, Roberts K, Osapay G, Schaal J, Ouellette A, Selsted ME (March 2008).
1839:
1824:"Antibacterial activity of human neutrophil defensin HNP-1 analogs without cysteines"
1722:"[Insect antimicrobial peptides: structures, properties and gene regulation]"
957:
945:
839:
730:
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470:
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genes, where the first exon encodes for a hydrophobic leader sequence (removed after
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205:
159:
155:
3156:
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1990:
1900:
1808:
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1621:
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1395:
1154:
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3561:
3205:
3046:"Researchers discover a possible cause of chronic inflammations of Crohn Disease".
2960:
Albrethsen J, Bøgebo R, Gammeltoft S, Olsen J, Winther B, Raskov H (January 2005).
2251:
2199:
1792:
1765:
1604:
1587:
1289:
1068:
876:. They act primarily by preventing these viruses from entering their target cells.
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646:
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335:
139:
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2423:
112:
88:
2183:
1884:
1738:
1698:
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3844:
3625:
3610:
3577:
3529:
3371:
2652:
1721:
1588:"Cysteine-stabilized ιβ defensins: From a common fold to antibacterial activity"
1421:
1007:
1003:
873:
823:
767:
755:
381:
28:
3139:
3122:
3068:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
2866:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
2838:
2130:
1637:"A quantitative map of protein sequence space for the cis-defensin superfamily"
1186:
1169:
794:
In vertebrates, some ι- and β-defensins are involved in signalling between the
3726:
3123:"Increased alpha-defensins as a blood marker for schizophrenia susceptibility"
2596:"β-Defensins: multifunctional modulators of infection, inflammation and more?"
2334:
2317:
1556:
1520:
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1138:
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835:
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491:
487:
175:
135:
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2079:
3788:
3691:
3648:
3088:
2886:
2522:
2505:
2362:"Defensins and the convergent evolution of platypus and reptile venom genes"
1326:
1310:"The Defensins Consist of Two Independent, Convergent Protein Superfamilies"
1309:
999:
953:
843:
763:
202:
198:
3424:
3259:
3197:
3188:
3171:
3148:
3107:
3032:
2997:
2946:
2905:
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2795:
2735:
2629:
2580:
2531:
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2441:
2395:
2343:
2302:
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2191:
2149:
2098:
2039:
1949:
1892:
1857:
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1706:
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1613:
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1528:
1485:
1387:
1335:
1281:
1246:
1195:
1146:
1103:
1060:
822:
activity, and some DLPs function primarily as enzyme inhibitors, acting as
2978:
2700:
2681:
952:
Defensins are found in the human skin during inflammatory conditions like
852:
The human genome contains theta-defensin genes, but they have a premature
3859:
3854:
3849:
3834:
3818:
3793:
3615:
3567:
3406:
2937:
2920:
2021:
1931:
880:
849:
In human breast milk, defensins play a central role in neonate immunity.
693:
685:
670:
662:
551:
530:
385:
163:
131:
128:
124:
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2432:
2235:
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2727:
2377:
1466:
1449:
1273:
983:
689:
564:
268:
171:
3440:
2611:
2562:
2355:
2353:
2283:
2168:"The evolution, function and mechanisms of action for plant defensins"
1748:
1443:
1441:
1227:
1117:
Thomma BP, Cammue BP, Thevissen K (December 2002). "Plant defensins".
241:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
39:
2318:"A Centipede Toxin Family Defines an Ancient Class of CSιβ Defensins"
941:
641:
Are rare, and thus far have been found only in the leukocytes of the
405:
167:
143:
3469:- Vertebrate defensins and related sea anemone sodium channel toxins
1352:
Shafee TM, Lay FT, Phan TK, Anderson MA, Hulett MD (February 2017).
649:, the gene coding for it is corrupted in humans and other primates.
2504:
Zhu S, Peigneur S, Gao B, Umetsu Y, Ohki S, Tytgat J (March 2014).
1354:"Convergent evolution of defensin sequence, structure and function"
3864:
3170:
Harder J, Bartels J, Christophers E, Schroder JM (February 2001).
2214:
antibiotic with therapeutic potential from a saprophytic fungus".
2004:
Garcia AE, Osapay G, Tran PA, Yuan J, Selsted ME (December 2008).
926:
894:
856:, hampering their expression. An artificial human theta-defensin,
457:
444:
431:
418:
393:
389:
369:
147:
2463:
Possani LD, Becerril B, Delepierre M, Tytgat J (September 1999).
162:
signaling activities, or both. They are variously active against
3801:
3797:
1039:
Hazlett L, Wu M (January 2011). "Defensins in innate immunity".
323:
82:
3730:
3497:
919:
are increased in several cancers, including colorectal cancer.
3064:"Reduced Paneth cell alpha-defensins in ileal Crohn's disease"
922:
An imbalance of defensins in the skin may contribute to acne.
2545:
Petrov V, Funderburg N, Weinberg A, Sieg S (December 2013).
1448:
Mitchell ML, Shafee T, Papenfuss AT, Norton RS (July 2019).
1308:
Shafee TM, Lay FT, Hulett MD, Anderson MA (September 2016).
1507:
Zhu S, Gao B (2013). "Evolutionary origin of β-defensins".
913:
peptides are increased in chronic inflammatory conditions.
2112:
Greco S, Gerdol M, Edomi P, Pallavicini A (January 2020).
879:
Also interesting is the effect of alpha-defensins on the
322:. In general, both ι- and β-defensins are encoded by two-
889:). Chun Kim et al. showed how anthrax, which produces a
3480:- Defensins from insects and plants and scorpion toxins
2055:"Structure-Activity Relationships of Insect Defensins"
1416:. Springer International Publishing. pp. 27â50.
2760:
Barrera GJ, Sanchez G, Gonzalez JE (November 2012).
3827:
3811:
3769:
3677:
3639:
3596:
3586:
3536:
3011:Philpott MP (November 2003). "Defensins and acne".
486:Are the most widely distributed, being secreted by
318:. Some primates additionally have the much smaller
106:
94:
81:
73:
68:
21:
1873:Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes
1260:Lehrer RI (September 2004). "Primate defensins".
2755:
2753:
178:in length, with three or four highly conserved
936:In one small study, a significant increase in
185:In animals, they are produced by cells of the
3742:
3509:
8:
3573:Bactericidal permeability-increasing protein
3372:"A Novel Therapeutic For Invasive Candiasis"
2172:Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology
2465:"Scorpion toxins specific for Na+-channels"
1170:"Antibacterial Activity of Plant Defensins"
864:, and it was shown to be effective against
3749:
3735:
3727:
3593:
3516:
3502:
3494:
3473:UMich Orientation of Proteins in Membranes
3462:UMich Orientation of Proteins in Membranes
725:), as well as in the more basal groups of
340:
27:
3486:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine
3414:
3249:
3239:
3187:
3138:
3097:
3087:
2987:
2977:
2936:
2895:
2885:
2811:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine
2785:
2766:Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
2619:
2570:
2521:
2480:
2431:
2385:
2333:
2292:
2282:
2139:
2129:
2088:
2078:
2029:
1980:
1939:
1847:
1747:
1737:
1726:Dong Wu Xue Yan Jiu = Zoological Research
1603:
1475:
1465:
1377:
1325:
1236:
1226:
1185:
826:(discouraging animals from eating them).
1545:Developmental and Comparative Immunology
1509:Developmental and Comparative Immunology
1084:Developmental and Comparative Immunology
462:Defensin, alpha 6, Paneth cell-specific
449:Defensin, alpha 5, Paneth cell-specific
154:, with members displaying either direct
1031:
818:Some antimicrobial defensins also have
423:Defensin, alpha 3, neutrophil-specific
3378:. Fox Chase Chemical Diversity Center.
1086:. Specific immunity in invertebrates.
18:
3395:Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
3217:
3215:
2267:"The fungal defensin family enlarged"
2161:
2159:
1982:10.1096/fasebj.22.1_supplement.673.11
1920:Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
1828:Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
1822:Varkey J, Nagaraj R (November 2005).
1211:"The fungal defensin family enlarged"
893:lethal factor (LF) protein to target
707:, but not in ferns, mosses or algae.
7:
2827:AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses
1635:Shafee T, Anderson MA (March 2019).
1407:
1405:
1358:Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences
1347:
1345:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1174:Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions
786:interactions with the ion channels.
170:and many enveloped and nonenveloped
3176:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
3127:Molecular & Cellular Proteomics
1963:Garcia AE, Selsted M (March 2008).
1586:Dias RD, Franco OL (October 2015).
310:Vertebrate defensins are primarily
2265:Wu J, Gao B, Zhu S (August 2014).
1209:Wu J, Gao B, Zhu S (August 2014).
388:and certain T-lymphocyte subsets.
286:, each of which contains multiple
219:Characteristic disulphide linkages
14:
2919:Barrera GJ, Tortolero GS (2016).
1168:Sathoff AE, Samac DA (May 2019).
436:Defensin, alpha 4, corticostatin
2482:10.1046/j.1432-1327.1999.00625.x
2469:European Journal of Biochemistry
1840:10.1128/AAC.49.11.4561-4566.2005
1720:Wang YP, Lai R (February 2010).
252:
225:
134:across cellular life, including
3771:Antimicrobial cationic peptides
3453:Innate ( Nonspecific ) Immunity
2510:Molecular Biology and Evolution
1314:Molecular Biology and Evolution
16:Group of antimicrobial peptides
3048:Genomics & Genetics Weekly
1793:10.1016/j.peptides.2006.06.010
1605:10.1016/j.peptides.2015.04.017
860:, was created by 'fixing' the
741:Related defensin-like proteins
1:
3669:Eosinophil-derived neurotoxin
3441:Defensins Database, Singapore
3025:10.1016/S0161-5890(03)00154-8
2424:10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.03.007
1656:10.1093/bioinformatics/bty697
868:and other viruses, including
635:Defensin, theta 1 pseudogene
3348:. Cellceutix. Archived from
3323:. Cellceutix. Archived from
3276:(Press release). 2008-05-09.
2184:10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.02.004
1885:10.1016/j.bbamem.2006.07.007
1739:10.3724/sp.j.1141.2010.01027
1699:10.1016/j.molimm.2007.06.354
1262:Nature Reviews. Microbiology
929:defensins may predispose to
3659:Eosinophil cationic protein
3457:Western Kentucky University
3222:Bolatchiev A (2020-11-25).
2925:Bratislavske Lekarske Listy
2653:10.1007/978-3-642-27603-3_5
2594:Semple F, Dorin JR (2012).
1422:10.1007/978-3-319-61569-1_2
1022:, to which defensins belong
778:, and one of the toxins in
380:Are expressed primarily in
174:. They are typically 18-45
3917:
3274:"Press release: PolyMedix"
3140:10.1074/mcp.M700459-MCP200
2839:10.1089/088922203322493049
2600:Journal of Innate Immunity
2131:10.3390/antibiotics9010037
1965:"Olive baboon θ-defensins"
1187:10.1094/mpmi-08-18-0229-cr
485:
469:
3704:
2335:10.1016/j.str.2018.10.022
1557:10.1016/j.dci.2016.09.002
1521:10.1016/j.dci.2012.02.011
1370:10.1007/s00018-016-2344-5
1139:10.1007/s00425-002-0902-6
1096:10.1016/j.dci.2014.05.020
1053:10.1007/s00441-010-1022-4
990:, are being developed as
379:
363:
342:Table of human defensins
208:to metabolic disruption.
26:
3488:Medical Subject Headings
2813:Medical Subject Headings
2778:10.17305/bjbms.2012.2448
2645:Plant Signaling Peptides
2080:10.3389/fchem.2017.00045
1041:Cell and Tissue Research
806:has occurred and induce
638:not expressed in humans
3477:families/superfamily-61
3466:families/superfamily-56
3089:10.1073/pnas.0505256102
2887:10.1073/pnas.0500508102
940:levels was detected in
810:to prevent inbreeding.
762:. Examples include the
290:. One superfamily, the
195:neutrophil granulocytes
3901:Cysteine-rich proteins
3896:Antimicrobial peptides
3711:platelet alpha-granule
3301:Clinical trial number
3189:10.1074/jbc.M008557200
3050:: 72. August 11, 2006.
2059:Frontiers in Chemistry
2010:Infection and Immunity
645:and the olive baboon,
439:Neutrophil defensin 4
426:Neutrophil defensin 3
377:Neutrophil defensin 1
156:antimicrobial activity
3664:Eosinophil peroxidase
2979:10.1186/1471-2407-5-8
2523:10.1093/molbev/msu038
1327:10.1093/molbev/msw106
1020:Host defense peptides
883:produced by anthrax (
152:host defense peptides
3606:Alkaline phosphatase
3538:Azurophilic granules
3407:10.1128/AAC.02649-13
3370:Diamond G, Scott R.
3321:"Brilacidin-OM page"
3013:Molecular Immunology
2938:10.4149/bll_2016_066
2022:10.1128/IAI.01100-08
1932:10.1128/AAC.01090-07
1687:Molecular Immunology
870:herpes simplex virus
808:self-incompatibility
583:Defensin, beta 107A
570:Defensin, beta 106B
556:Defensin, beta 106A
535:Defensin, beta 103B
187:innate immune system
3758:Pore-forming toxins
3654:Major basic protein
3241:10.7717/peerj.10455
3080:2005PNAS..10218129W
2878:2005PNAS..102.4830K
2701:10.2210/pdb1jxc/pdb
2682:10.2210/pdb4x0n/pdb
2236:10.1038/nature04051
2228:2005Natur.437..975M
2071:2017FrCh....5...45K
2053:Koehbach J (2017).
1975:(1 Suppl): 673.11.
1131:2002Plant.216..193T
996:anti-inflammatories
784:sterically hindered
682:Arthropod defensins
617:Defensin, beta 136
596:Defensin, beta 110
573:Beta-defensin 106B
559:Beta-defensin 106A
410:Defensin, alpha 1B
343:
3446:2008-04-24 at the
3309:ClinicalTrials.gov
2728:10.1002/prot.22086
2378:10.1101/gr.7149808
1467:10.1002/prot.25679
1274:10.1038/nrmicro976
886:Bacillus anthracis
776:sea anemone toxins
620:Beta-defensin 136
599:Beta-defensin 110
586:Beta-defensin 107
538:Beta-defensin 103
413:Defensin, alpha 1
374:Defensin, alpha 1
341:
3878:
3877:
3724:
3723:
3700:
3699:
3588:Specific granules
2662:978-3-642-27602-6
2612:10.1159/000336619
2563:10.1111/imm.12148
2328:(2): 315â326.e7.
2284:10.3390/ph7080866
1969:The FASEB Journal
1431:978-3-319-61569-1
1228:10.3390/ph7080866
1006:, especially for
978:Defensin-mimetics
820:enzyme inhibitory
814:Enzyme inhibitors
653:
652:
522:Defensin, beta 3
509:Defensin, beta 2
480:Defensin, beta 1
396:are expressed in
118:
117:
3908:
3840:Diphtheria toxin
3751:
3744:
3737:
3728:
3594:
3558:serine proteases
3524:Contents of the
3518:
3511:
3504:
3495:
3429:
3428:
3418:
3386:
3380:
3379:
3367:
3361:
3360:
3358:
3357:
3342:
3336:
3335:
3333:
3332:
3317:
3311:
3299:
3293:
3292:
3285:
3279:
3277:
3270:
3264:
3263:
3253:
3243:
3219:
3210:
3209:
3191:
3167:
3161:
3160:
3142:
3118:
3112:
3111:
3101:
3091:
3074:(50): 18129â34.
3058:
3052:
3051:
3043:
3037:
3036:
3008:
3002:
3001:
2991:
2981:
2957:
2951:
2950:
2940:
2916:
2910:
2909:
2899:
2889:
2857:
2851:
2850:
2822:
2816:
2806:
2800:
2799:
2789:
2757:
2748:
2747:
2711:
2705:
2704:
2692:
2686:
2685:
2673:
2667:
2666:
2640:
2634:
2633:
2623:
2591:
2585:
2584:
2574:
2542:
2536:
2535:
2525:
2501:
2495:
2494:
2484:
2460:
2454:
2453:
2435:
2406:
2400:
2399:
2389:
2357:
2348:
2347:
2337:
2313:
2307:
2306:
2296:
2286:
2262:
2256:
2255:
2222:(7061): 975â80.
2210:
2204:
2203:
2163:
2154:
2153:
2143:
2133:
2109:
2103:
2102:
2092:
2082:
2050:
2044:
2043:
2033:
2001:
1995:
1994:
1984:
1960:
1954:
1953:
1943:
1911:
1905:
1904:
1868:
1862:
1861:
1851:
1819:
1813:
1812:
1776:
1770:
1769:
1751:
1741:
1717:
1711:
1710:
1682:
1676:
1675:
1641:
1632:
1626:
1625:
1607:
1583:
1577:
1576:
1539:
1533:
1532:
1504:
1498:
1497:
1479:
1469:
1445:
1436:
1435:
1409:
1400:
1399:
1381:
1349:
1340:
1339:
1329:
1305:
1294:
1293:
1257:
1251:
1250:
1240:
1230:
1206:
1200:
1199:
1189:
1165:
1159:
1158:
1114:
1108:
1107:
1079:
1073:
1072:
1036:
956:and also during
838:, because their
804:self-pollination
711:Fungal defensins
661:s' are found in
660:
659:
525:Beta-defensin 3
512:Beta-defensin 2
483:Beta-defensin 1
344:
271:
256:
244:
229:
191:epithelial cells
180:disulphide bonds
62:
31:
19:
3916:
3915:
3911:
3910:
3909:
3907:
3906:
3905:
3881:
3880:
3879:
3874:
3828:Other, nonhuman
3823:
3807:
3765:
3755:
3725:
3720:
3696:
3673:
3635:
3582:
3547:Myeloperoxidase
3532:
3522:
3448:Wayback Machine
3437:
3432:
3388:
3387:
3383:
3369:
3368:
3364:
3355:
3353:
3344:
3343:
3339:
3330:
3328:
3319:
3318:
3314:
3300:
3296:
3287:
3286:
3282:
3272:
3271:
3267:
3221:
3220:
3213:
3169:
3168:
3164:
3120:
3119:
3115:
3060:
3059:
3055:
3045:
3044:
3040:
3010:
3009:
3005:
2959:
2958:
2954:
2918:
2917:
2913:
2859:
2858:
2854:
2824:
2823:
2819:
2807:
2803:
2759:
2758:
2751:
2713:
2712:
2708:
2694:
2693:
2689:
2675:
2674:
2670:
2663:
2642:
2641:
2637:
2593:
2592:
2588:
2544:
2543:
2539:
2503:
2502:
2498:
2462:
2461:
2457:
2408:
2407:
2403:
2366:Genome Research
2359:
2358:
2351:
2315:
2314:
2310:
2271:Pharmaceuticals
2264:
2263:
2259:
2212:
2211:
2207:
2165:
2164:
2157:
2111:
2110:
2106:
2052:
2051:
2047:
2016:(12): 5883â91.
2003:
2002:
1998:
1962:
1961:
1957:
1913:
1912:
1908:
1879:(9): 1499â512.
1870:
1869:
1865:
1821:
1820:
1816:
1787:(11): 2614â23.
1778:
1777:
1773:
1719:
1718:
1714:
1684:
1683:
1679:
1639:
1634:
1633:
1629:
1585:
1584:
1580:
1541:
1540:
1536:
1506:
1505:
1501:
1447:
1446:
1439:
1432:
1411:
1410:
1403:
1351:
1350:
1343:
1307:
1306:
1297:
1259:
1258:
1254:
1215:Pharmaceuticals
1208:
1207:
1203:
1167:
1166:
1162:
1116:
1115:
1111:
1081:
1080:
1076:
1038:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1016:
980:
971:
966:
931:Crohn's disease
925:A reduction of
907:
891:metalloprotease
832:
816:
800:adaptive immune
792:
772:scorpion toxins
751:
743:
705:vascular plants
700:Plant defensins
679:
657:
656:
497:cystic fibrosis
332:Theta defensins
308:
306:Trans-defensins
277:
276:
275:
274:
273:
263:
257:
248:
247:
246:
236:
230:
221:
220:
214:
96:OPM superfamily
64:
34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3914:
3912:
3904:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3883:
3882:
3876:
3875:
3873:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3831:
3829:
3825:
3824:
3822:
3821:
3815:
3813:
3809:
3808:
3806:
3805:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3775:
3773:
3767:
3766:
3756:
3754:
3753:
3746:
3739:
3731:
3722:
3721:
3719:
3718:
3705:
3702:
3701:
3698:
3697:
3695:
3694:
3689:
3683:
3681:
3675:
3674:
3672:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3645:
3643:
3637:
3636:
3634:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3602:
3600:
3591:
3584:
3583:
3581:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3554:
3549:
3543:
3541:
3534:
3533:
3523:
3521:
3520:
3513:
3506:
3498:
3492:
3491:
3481:
3470:
3459:
3450:
3436:
3435:External links
3433:
3431:
3430:
3381:
3362:
3337:
3312:
3294:
3280:
3265:
3211:
3182:(8): 5707â13.
3162:
3133:(7): 1204â13.
3113:
3053:
3038:
3003:
2952:
2911:
2872:(13): 4830â5.
2852:
2833:(10): 875â81.
2817:
2801:
2749:
2706:
2687:
2668:
2661:
2635:
2586:
2537:
2496:
2475:(2): 287â300.
2455:
2401:
2349:
2308:
2257:
2205:
2155:
2104:
2045:
1996:
1955:
1906:
1863:
1834:(11): 4561â6.
1814:
1771:
1712:
1677:
1650:(5): 743â752.
1644:Bioinformatics
1627:
1578:
1534:
1515:(1â2): 79â84.
1499:
1460:(7): 551â560.
1437:
1430:
1401:
1364:(4): 663â682.
1341:
1320:(9): 2345â56.
1295:
1252:
1201:
1180:(5): 507â514.
1160:
1125:(2): 193â202.
1109:
1074:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1023:
1015:
1012:
979:
976:
970:
967:
965:
962:
938:alpha defensin
917:Alpha defensin
911:alpha defensin
906:
903:
831:
828:
815:
812:
791:
788:
780:platypus venom
758:to disrupting
750:
747:
742:
739:
678:
675:
651:
650:
643:rhesus macaque
639:
636:
633:
628:
622:
621:
618:
615:
609:
608:
606:
604:
601:
600:
597:
594:
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587:
584:
581:
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568:
561:
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539:
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526:
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520:
514:
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507:
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500:
484:
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473:
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463:
460:
454:
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447:
441:
440:
437:
434:
428:
427:
424:
421:
415:
414:
411:
408:
402:
401:
384:as well as in
378:
375:
372:
367:
361:
360:
357:
354:
351:
348:
334:form a single
307:
304:
258:
251:
250:
249:
231:
224:
223:
222:
218:
217:
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213:
210:
116:
115:
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103:
98:
92:
91:
86:
79:
78:
75:
71:
70:
66:
65:
32:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3913:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3888:
3886:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3832:
3830:
3826:
3820:
3817:
3816:
3814:
3810:
3803:
3799:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3776:
3774:
3772:
3768:
3763:
3759:
3752:
3747:
3745:
3740:
3738:
3733:
3732:
3729:
3717:
3716:
3715:dense granule
3712:
3707:
3706:
3703:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3684:
3682:
3680:
3676:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3646:
3644:
3642:
3638:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3621:NADPH oxidase
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3603:
3601:
3599:
3595:
3592:
3589:
3585:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3563:
3559:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3535:
3531:
3527:
3519:
3514:
3512:
3507:
3505:
3500:
3499:
3496:
3489:
3485:
3482:
3479:
3478:
3474:
3471:
3468:
3467:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3445:
3442:
3439:
3438:
3434:
3426:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3408:
3404:
3401:(7): 3820â7.
3400:
3396:
3392:
3385:
3382:
3377:
3373:
3366:
3363:
3352:on 2015-02-07
3351:
3347:
3346:"Candidiasis"
3341:
3338:
3327:on 2015-02-07
3326:
3322:
3316:
3313:
3310:
3306:
3305:
3298:
3295:
3290:
3284:
3281:
3278:Business Wire
3275:
3269:
3266:
3261:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3233:
3229:
3225:
3218:
3216:
3212:
3207:
3203:
3199:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3181:
3177:
3173:
3166:
3163:
3158:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3117:
3114:
3109:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3073:
3069:
3065:
3057:
3054:
3049:
3042:
3039:
3034:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3019:(7): 457â62.
3018:
3014:
3007:
3004:
2999:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2956:
2953:
2948:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2915:
2912:
2907:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2856:
2853:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2821:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2805:
2802:
2797:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2772:(4): 256â64.
2771:
2767:
2763:
2756:
2754:
2750:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2722:(3): 719â29.
2721:
2717:
2710:
2707:
2702:
2698:
2691:
2688:
2683:
2679:
2672:
2669:
2664:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2639:
2636:
2631:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2606:(4): 337â48.
2605:
2601:
2597:
2590:
2587:
2582:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2557:(4): 413â20.
2556:
2552:
2548:
2541:
2538:
2533:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2516:(3): 546â59.
2515:
2511:
2507:
2500:
2497:
2492:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2459:
2456:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2405:
2402:
2397:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2372:(6): 986â94.
2371:
2367:
2363:
2356:
2354:
2350:
2345:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2312:
2309:
2304:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2277:(8): 866â80.
2276:
2272:
2268:
2261:
2258:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2209:
2206:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2162:
2160:
2156:
2151:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2108:
2105:
2100:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2049:
2046:
2041:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2000:
1997:
1992:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1959:
1956:
1951:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1926:(3): 944â53.
1925:
1921:
1917:
1910:
1907:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1867:
1864:
1859:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1818:
1815:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1775:
1772:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1716:
1713:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1693:(3): 828â38.
1692:
1688:
1681:
1678:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1638:
1631:
1628:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1582:
1579:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1538:
1535:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1503:
1500:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1444:
1442:
1438:
1433:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1408:
1406:
1402:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1348:
1346:
1342:
1337:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1304:
1302:
1300:
1296:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1268:(9): 727â38.
1267:
1263:
1256:
1253:
1248:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1221:(8): 866â80.
1220:
1216:
1212:
1205:
1202:
1197:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1164:
1161:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1113:
1110:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1090:(2): 324â41.
1089:
1085:
1078:
1075:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1047:(1): 175â88.
1046:
1042:
1035:
1032:
1026:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1013:
1011:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
977:
975:
968:
963:
961:
959:
958:wound healing
955:
950:
947:
946:schizophrenia
943:
939:
934:
932:
928:
923:
920:
918:
914:
912:
904:
902:
898:
896:
892:
888:
887:
882:
877:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
850:
847:
845:
841:
840:immune system
837:
829:
827:
825:
821:
813:
811:
809:
805:
801:
797:
796:innate immune
789:
787:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
760:nerve signals
757:
748:
746:
740:
738:
734:
732:
731:Glomeromycota
728:
724:
723:Basidiomycota
720:
716:
712:
708:
706:
701:
697:
695:
691:
687:
683:
677:Cis-defensins
676:
674:
672:
668:
664:
648:
644:
640:
637:
634:
632:
629:
627:
624:
623:
619:
616:
614:
611:
610:
607:
605:
603:
602:
598:
595:
593:
590:
589:
585:
582:
580:
577:
576:
572:
569:
566:
563:
562:
558:
555:
553:
550:
549:
546:
544:
542:
541:
537:
534:
532:
529:
528:
524:
521:
519:
516:
515:
511:
508:
506:
503:
502:
498:
493:
489:
482:
479:
477:
474:
472:
468:
464:
461:
459:
456:
455:
451:
448:
446:
443:
442:
438:
435:
433:
430:
429:
425:
422:
420:
417:
416:
412:
409:
407:
404:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
376:
373:
371:
368:
366:
362:
358:
356:Protein Name
355:
352:
349:
346:
345:
339:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
305:
303:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
284:superfamilies
280:
270:
266:
261:
255:
243:
239:
234:
228:
211:
209:
207:
206:cell membrane
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
183:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
130:
126:
122:
114:
111:
109:
105:
102:
99:
97:
93:
90:
87:
84:
80:
76:
72:
67:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
30:
25:
20:
3812:Other, human
3783:
3779:Cathelicidin
3708:
3631:Cathelicidin
3562:Proteinase 3
3551:
3530:granulocytes
3475:
3464:
3398:
3394:
3384:
3375:
3365:
3354:. Retrieved
3350:the original
3340:
3329:. Retrieved
3325:the original
3315:
3302:
3297:
3283:
3268:
3231:
3227:
3179:
3175:
3165:
3130:
3126:
3116:
3071:
3067:
3056:
3047:
3041:
3016:
3012:
3006:
2969:
2965:
2955:
2931:(6): 332â9.
2928:
2924:
2914:
2869:
2865:
2855:
2830:
2826:
2820:
2804:
2769:
2765:
2719:
2715:
2709:
2690:
2671:
2644:
2638:
2603:
2599:
2589:
2554:
2550:
2540:
2513:
2509:
2499:
2472:
2468:
2458:
2433:11449/170828
2415:
2411:
2404:
2369:
2365:
2325:
2321:
2311:
2274:
2270:
2260:
2219:
2215:
2208:
2175:
2171:
2121:
2117:
2107:
2062:
2058:
2048:
2013:
2009:
1999:
1972:
1968:
1958:
1923:
1919:
1909:
1876:
1872:
1866:
1831:
1827:
1817:
1784:
1780:
1774:
1732:(1): 27â34.
1729:
1725:
1715:
1690:
1686:
1680:
1647:
1643:
1630:
1595:
1591:
1581:
1548:
1544:
1537:
1512:
1508:
1502:
1477:11343/285595
1457:
1453:
1413:
1361:
1357:
1317:
1313:
1265:
1261:
1255:
1218:
1214:
1204:
1177:
1173:
1163:
1122:
1118:
1112:
1087:
1083:
1077:
1044:
1040:
1034:
981:
972:
964:Applications
951:
935:
924:
921:
915:
908:
899:
884:
878:
857:
851:
848:
834:In immature
833:
824:antifeedants
817:
793:
756:ion channels
752:
744:
735:
709:
698:
680:
658:big defensin
654:
647:Papio anubis
398:Paneth cells
359:Description
350:Gene Symbol
336:beta-hairpin
309:
295:
291:
281:
278:
259:
232:
199:phagocytosed
184:
140:invertebrate
120:
119:
3870:Pneumolysin
3845:Dermaseptin
3626:Collagenase
3611:Lactoferrin
3578:Collagenase
3304:NCT02324335
2809:retrocyclin
2178:: 107â118.
2118:Antibiotics
1551:: 310â321.
1008:candidiasis
1004:antifungals
992:antibiotics
944:lysates of
874:influenza A
858:retrocyclin
768:snake venom
626:θ-defensins
471:β-defensins
465:Defensin-6
452:Defensin-5
382:neutrophils
365:Îą-defensins
328:translation
320:θ-defensins
316:β-defensins
312:Îą-defensins
300:polymorphic
176:amino acids
150:. They are
108:OPM protein
69:Identifiers
3885:Categories
3641:Eosinophil
3598:Neutrophil
3356:2015-03-02
3331:2015-03-02
3234:: e10455.
2966:BMC Cancer
2551:Immunology
1749:1807/64439
1027:References
988:brilacidin
862:pseudogene
854:stop codon
836:marsupials
790:Signalling
727:Zygomycota
719:Ascomycota
717:of fungi (
667:arthropods
492:epithelial
488:leukocytes
353:Gene Name
136:vertebrate
123:are small
3891:Defensins
3789:Dermcidin
3709:see also
3692:Histamine
3649:Cathepsin
3552:Defensins
3484:Defensins
2450:205440053
2322:Structure
2124:(1): 37.
1598:: 64â72.
1000:mucositis
998:for oral
982:Defensin
969:Defensins
954:psoriasis
905:Pathology
844:pathogens
766:toxin in
764:crotamine
715:divisions
671:lancelets
272:).
245:).
212:Varieties
203:microbial
142:animals,
121:Defensins
3860:Melittin
3855:Magainin
3850:Latarcin
3835:Cecropin
3819:Perforin
3794:Histatin
3784:Defensin
3679:Basophil
3616:Lysozyme
3568:Lysozyme
3556:neutral
3526:granules
3444:Archived
3425:24752272
3376:Grantome
3260:33304659
3198:11085990
3157:35381828
3149:18349140
3108:16330776
3033:14568392
2998:15656915
2947:27546365
2906:15772169
2847:14585219
2796:23198942
2744:28378146
2736:18498107
2716:Proteins
2630:22441423
2581:23829433
2532:24425781
2491:10491073
2442:29574214
2418:: 1â12.
2396:18463304
2344:30554841
2303:25230677
2244:16222292
2192:29432955
2150:31963793
2099:28748179
2040:18852242
1991:89807163
1950:18160518
1901:36461159
1893:16978580
1858:16251296
1809:21104756
1801:16914230
1781:Peptides
1758:20446450
1707:17675235
1672:51968286
1664:30102339
1622:17846143
1614:25929172
1592:Peptides
1573:19734223
1565:27616720
1529:22369779
1494:73469576
1486:30811678
1454:Proteins
1396:24741736
1388:27557668
1379:11107677
1336:27297472
1282:15372083
1247:25230677
1196:30501455
1155:19356421
1147:12447532
1104:24950415
1061:20730446
1014:See also
984:mimetics
881:exotoxin
830:Function
694:cnidaria
690:annelids
686:molluscs
663:molluscs
579:DEFB107B
552:DEFB106A
531:DEFB103A
386:NK cells
288:families
197:to kill
164:bacteria
132:proteins
129:cationic
125:cysteine
77:Defensin
63:)
22:Defensin
3687:Heparin
3416:4068575
3291:. 2008.
3251:7698690
3206:9516726
3099:1306791
3076:Bibcode
2874:Bibcode
2787:4362502
2621:6784047
2572:3839645
2412:Toxicon
2387:2413166
2294:4165938
2252:4423851
2224:Bibcode
2200:3543741
2141:7168163
2090:5506212
2067:Bibcode
2031:2583559
1941:2258523
1849:1280114
1766:4692675
1290:8774156
1238:4165938
1127:Bibcode
1069:2234617
774:, some
770:, many
613:DEFB136
592:DEFB110
565:DEFB106
172:viruses
3490:(MeSH)
3423:
3413:
3258:
3248:
3204:
3196:
3155:
3147:
3106:
3096:
3031:
2996:
2989:548152
2986:
2945:
2904:
2897:555714
2894:
2845:
2815:(MeSH)
2794:
2784:
2742:
2734:
2659:
2628:
2618:
2579:
2569:
2530:
2489:
2448:
2440:
2394:
2384:
2342:
2301:
2291:
2250:
2242:
2216:Nature
2198:
2190:
2148:
2138:
2097:
2087:
2065:: 45.
2038:
2028:
1989:
1948:
1938:
1899:
1891:
1856:
1846:
1807:
1799:
1764:
1756:
1705:
1670:
1662:
1620:
1612:
1571:
1563:
1527:
1492:
1484:
1428:
1394:
1386:
1376:
1334:
1288:
1280:
1245:
1235:
1194:
1153:
1145:
1119:Planta
1102:
1067:
1059:
1002:, and
942:T cell
749:Toxins
631:DEFT1P
406:DEFA1B
160:immune
146:, and
144:plants
127:-rich
89:CL0075
74:Symbol
3865:Nisin
3762:TC 1C
3228:PeerJ
3202:S2CID
3153:S2CID
2972:: 8.
2740:S2CID
2446:S2CID
2248:S2CID
2196:S2CID
1987:S2CID
1897:S2CID
1805:S2CID
1762:S2CID
1668:S2CID
1640:(PDF)
1618:S2CID
1569:S2CID
1490:S2CID
1392:S2CID
1286:S2CID
1151:S2CID
1065:S2CID
927:ileal
895:MAPKK
518:DEFB3
505:DEFB2
476:DEFB1
458:DEFA6
445:DEFA5
432:DEFA4
419:DEFA3
394:DEFA6
390:DEFA5
370:DEFA1
347:Type
292:trans
269:1MRR4
233:Trans
168:fungi
148:fungi
3802:HTN3
3798:HTN1
3590:(2°)
3540:(1°)
3421:PMID
3256:PMID
3194:PMID
3145:PMID
3104:PMID
3029:PMID
2994:PMID
2943:PMID
2902:PMID
2843:PMID
2792:PMID
2732:PMID
2657:ISBN
2626:PMID
2577:PMID
2528:PMID
2487:PMID
2438:PMID
2392:PMID
2340:PMID
2299:PMID
2240:PMID
2188:PMID
2146:PMID
2095:PMID
2036:PMID
1946:PMID
1889:PMID
1877:1758
1854:PMID
1797:PMID
1754:PMID
1703:PMID
1660:PMID
1610:PMID
1561:PMID
1525:PMID
1482:PMID
1426:ISBN
1384:PMID
1332:PMID
1278:PMID
1243:PMID
1192:PMID
1143:PMID
1100:PMID
1057:PMID
909:The
872:and
798:and
729:and
721:and
692:and
669:and
490:and
392:and
324:exon
314:and
242:1IJV
189:and
138:and
113:6cs9
85:clan
83:Pfam
60:2RNG
56:1IJV
52:2LXZ
48:1FJN
44:2KOZ
40:1MR4
3528:of
3455:at
3411:PMC
3403:doi
3246:PMC
3236:doi
3184:doi
3180:276
3135:doi
3094:PMC
3084:doi
3072:102
3021:doi
2984:PMC
2974:doi
2933:doi
2929:117
2892:PMC
2882:doi
2870:102
2835:doi
2782:PMC
2774:doi
2724:doi
2697:doi
2678:doi
2649:doi
2616:PMC
2608:doi
2567:PMC
2559:doi
2555:140
2518:doi
2477:doi
2473:264
2428:hdl
2420:doi
2416:146
2382:PMC
2374:doi
2330:doi
2289:PMC
2279:doi
2232:doi
2220:437
2180:doi
2136:PMC
2126:doi
2085:PMC
2075:doi
2026:PMC
2018:doi
1977:doi
1936:PMC
1928:doi
1881:doi
1844:PMC
1836:doi
1789:doi
1744:hdl
1734:doi
1695:doi
1652:doi
1600:doi
1553:doi
1517:doi
1472:hdl
1462:doi
1418:doi
1374:PMC
1366:doi
1322:doi
1270:doi
1233:PMC
1223:doi
1182:doi
1135:doi
1123:216
1092:doi
1049:doi
1045:343
866:HIV
296:cis
265:PDB
260:Cis
238:PDB
36:PDB
3887::
3800:,
3713:,
3419:.
3409:.
3399:58
3397:.
3393:.
3374:.
3254:.
3244:.
3230:.
3226:.
3214:^
3200:.
3192:.
3178:.
3174:.
3151:.
3143:.
3129:.
3125:.
3102:.
3092:.
3082:.
3070:.
3066:.
3027:.
3017:40
3015:.
2992:.
2982:.
2968:.
2964:.
2941:.
2927:.
2923:.
2900:.
2890:.
2880:.
2868:.
2864:.
2841:.
2831:19
2829:.
2790:.
2780:.
2770:12
2768:.
2764:.
2752:^
2738:.
2730:.
2720:73
2718:.
2655:.
2624:.
2614:.
2602:.
2598:.
2575:.
2565:.
2553:.
2549:.
2526:.
2514:31
2512:.
2508:.
2485:.
2471:.
2467:.
2444:.
2436:.
2426:.
2414:.
2390:.
2380:.
2370:18
2368:.
2364:.
2352:^
2338:.
2326:27
2324:.
2320:.
2297:.
2287:.
2273:.
2269:.
2246:.
2238:.
2230:.
2218:.
2194:.
2186:.
2176:88
2174:.
2170:.
2158:^
2144:.
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