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hammer". Scott also said the film unfairly implied that "if only more of the Jews living in Nazi-occupied Europe had been as tough as the
Bielskis, more would have survived". The review adds that "in setting out to overturn historical stereotypes of Jewish passivity ...(the film) ends up affirming them." Zwick responded: "It is a tribute to honor and luck, and to help other people escape it is an honor. But the fact that you don't escape it is not a negative verdict on your honor."
444:, and move their camp whenever they are discovered. Mounting casualties cause Tuvia, the oldest brother, to reconsider their approach in order to minimise the loss of Jewish lives, whilst his younger brother Zus is in favour of more militant and daring operations. As winter approaches, disagreement between the two eldest brothers comes to a head and Zus leaves the camp with several of his followers to join a local company of
844:. These never occurred in reality as the partisans tried to avoid open combat and were focused on survival. She explained the treatment of historical events in the film as a concession made by its director and producers in order to make the film more thrilling and to obtain the necessary funding from Hollywood. Nevertheless, after seeing the film a number of times, Tec said that she was liking it "more and more". Zwick said
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828:: "The Bielskis weren't saints. They were flawed heroes, which is what makes them so real and so fascinating. They faced any number of difficult moral dilemmas that the movie seeks to dramatise: Does one have to become a monster to fight monsters? Does one have to sacrifice his humanity to save humanity?"
755:
praised the film, saying: "it makes instant emotional demands, and those who respond to it, as I did, are likely to go all the way and even come out of it feeling slightly stunned." Denby also praised the cast's performances, which he described as "a kind of realistic fairy tale set in a forest newly
893:
reported six months before the film's release that "News about a movie glorifying have caused an uproar among Polish historians", who referred to the
Bielskis as "Jewish-Communist bandits". The newspaper commented that it "departed from the truth on several occasions", including depicting pre-war
474:
bomb them. A delaying force stays behind, led by Asael, to slow down the German infantry, but their defense does not last long, with only Asael and one other member surviving to rejoin the rest of the group, who are confronted at the edge of the forest with a seemingly impassable marsh. They cross
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called the film "stiff, musclebound". He said Zwick "wields his camera with a heavy hand, punctuating nearly every scene with emphatic nods, smiles or grimaces as the occasion requires. His pen is, if anything, blunter still, with dialogue that crashes down on the big themes like a blacksmith's
721:, 59% of 189 critics' reviews are positive, with an average rating of 5.9/10. The website's consensus reads: "Professionally made but artistically uninspired, Ed Zwick's story of Jews surviving WWII in the Belarus forest lacks the emotional punch of the actual history."
911:, the movie was booed at some cinemas and banned from others due to a "local perception that it is a rewriting of history and anti-Polish". On March 11, 2009, the Polish Embassy in London disputed the report, stating: "This embassy has been in touch with
819:
by Dalia Ofer and Lenore
Weitzman, to argue that in reality the Bielskis were less egalitarian than suggested by the film, and that "the fighters had the first pick among women for sexual partners." Zwick responded to the criticism by saying that
915:
s only distributor in Poland, Monolith Plus, and we have been told that this film has not experienced any form of booing, let alone been banned by any cinemas." The wave of criticism against the film led to charges that the anger was fueled by
29:
682:. Co-producer Pieter Jan Brugge felt the shooting locations, between 150 and 200 kilometres from the actual sites, lent authenticity to the film; some local extras were descendants of the Jewish families rescued by the
463:. The Soviet partisans decide to retreat eastward, but Zus is unwilling to comply with the order of the partisan leader to follow their retreat. Tuvia's group prepares to evacuate the camp on Easter eve when
654:
In May 2007, Daniel Craig was cast in the lead role. The following August, Schreiber, Bell, Davalos, and Arana were cast. Production began in early
September 2007 so that Craig could complete filming
2175:
448:, while Tuvia remains in charge of the Jewish camp. An arrangement is made between the two groups in which the Soviet partisans agree to protect the Jewish camp in exchange for supplies.
880:
1708:Что в фильме про Джеймса Бонда в роли белорусского партизана правда, а что – вымысел? [What is true and what is invented in the film of James Bond as a Belarusian partisan?#93;
498:. The epilogue also states that the Bielski brothers never sought recognition for what they did and that the descendants of the people they saved now number tens of thousands.
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made $ 128,000 during its two weeks of limited release in New York City and Los
Angeles. It made $ 10 million during its first weekend of wide release in the United States.
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Over the next year, a growing number of Jewish refugees join the
Bielskis. Their group raids local farms for food and supplies, stage raids on the Germans and their
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tank. Just as all seems lost, the
Germans are assaulted from the rear by Zus and his force, who have deserted the Soviet partisans to rejoin the Jewish group.
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and was killed in action six months later; Zus, Tuvia and Aron survived the war and emigrated to the United States to form a small trucking business in
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lived in the forest for another two years and grew to a total of 1,200 Jews, building a hospital, a nursery and a school. Asael joined the
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feel that "Hollywood has airbrushed out some unpleasant episodes from the story", such as the
Bielski partisans' alleged affiliation with
1687:Сведкі пра герояў галівудскага фільма "Выклік": "Ваякі былі ерундовыя" [Witnesses about heroes of Defiance: "They were bad fighters"]
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and for the Soviet partisans singing a
Belarusian folk song while in actuality they would have more likely been singing Russian songs.
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Some
Belorussian reviews, as in Poland, criticised the film for ignoring the Bielski partisans' crimes against the local population.
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is needed for treating the infection - which is historically inaccurate, because ampicillin was not discovered until 1958.
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in 1999 after acquiring film rights to Tec's book. He developed the project under the banner of his production company
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that she was initially shocked by the film, especially by the intense battle scenes including combat with a German
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as a Belarusian town where "no one speaks Polish", "there are only good Soviet partisans and bad Germans", and "
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had sent two German divisions into the forest to search for the partisans, but they were unable to locate them.
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sweep behind the relentlessly advancing German forces across the occupied parts of western Soviet Union,
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Lisa Chamoff (June 19, 2007). "Westport author's Holocaust book – to be made into Hollywood movie".
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wrote. Veterans of the Soviet partisan resistance in Belarus criticised the film for inaccuracies.
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By the end of its box office run, the film made approximately $ 52 million worldwide.
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as Tamara Skidelski, a cousin of the Bielskis who had been raped by a Nazi soldier.
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Rolandas Boravskis as Gramov, the second-in-command of the Soviet partisans.
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1212:"Commentary: Lithuania's star turn helped 'Defiance' get the details right"
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In one of the film's scenes, it is stated that there may be an epidemic of
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340:, the film's screenplay by Clayton Frohman and Zwick was based on
1722:Галівудзкае беларускае кіно [A Hollywood movie about Belarus]
1460:"Country split over whether Daniel Craig is film hero or villain"
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under orders from the German occupiers. The brothers flee to the
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led by Polish Jewish brothers who saved and recruited Jews in
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as Lilka Ticktin, a Polish refugee and Tuvia's love interest.
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is spoken out only three times in the movie", the newspaper
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On January 22, 2009, the film received a nomination for an
637:, and the project was financed by the London-based company
1655:, Palgrave Macmillan, chapter by Mercedes Camino, page 96
887:, including the region where the Bielski group operated.
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in the United States on December 31, 2008, followed by
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is not a simple fight between good and evil. He told
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enchanted by the sanctified work of staying alive."
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553:as Shimon Haretz, the brothers' old schoolteacher.
397:systematically exterminating the Jewish population
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1674:. Belarus.blogsome.com. Retrieved on 2012-07-03.
1542:Bielski pomagał Żydom, ale też ich wykorzystywał
1332:"Ed Zwick on Passivity, Jewish Power, and Hamas"
613:as Viktor Panchenko, a Soviet partisan commander
1001:, who sheltered Jews in the city's sewer system
1544:. rp.pl (2009-01-23). Retrieved on 2012-07-03.
1504:. January 13, 2009. Retrieved January 2, 2010.
1445:. January 17, 2009. Retrieved January 2, 2010.
1850:
997:, a sewage worker in the then Polish city of
577:as Chaya Dziencielsky, Asael's love interest.
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1665:Belarus is a Klondike for Blockbuster Movies
1643:. March 11, 2009. Retrieved January 2, 2010.
1623:"Jewish resistance film sparks Polish anger"
1554:A Hollywood Movie About Heroes or Murderers?
1516:"Jewish resistance film sparks Polish anger"
1386:"The 66th Annual Golden Globe Awards (2009)"
1138:Tatiana Siegel; Borys Kit (August 9, 2007).
984:Rescue of Jews by Poles during the Holocaust
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399:. Among the Jewish survivors not staying in
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1628:. March 5, 2009. Retrieved January 2, 2010.
790:Controversies about historical inaccuracies
565:as Ben Zion Gulkowitz, a resistance leader.
437:chief responsible for his parents' deaths.
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2131:World War II films based on actual events
1815:at Interviews from the Underground (from
1486:Rzeczpospolita interview with Nehama Tec
1830:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
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902:are missing from the film altogether".
215:Essential Entertainment (International)
1574:The True Story of the Bielski Brothers
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338:occupation of Belarus by Nazi Germany
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1638:"Anger over Bielski detachment film"
1187:"Baltic film returns to world stage"
1098:"Daniel Craig to star in 'Defiance'"
1039:British Board of Film Classification
619:Kristina Skokova as Red Haired Woman
419:. Their parents are killed by local
379:In August 1941, several weeks after
2166:Films scored by James Newton Howard
2126:Eastern Front of World War II films
2101:Action films based on actual events
1499:"Defiance – Edward Zwick Interview"
1458:Kamil Tchorek (December 31, 2008).
1390:Hollywood Foreign Press Association
455:, growing discontent and attempted
1604:Nazywam się Bielski, Tewje Bielski
658:in time for reprising his role as
647:acquired the rights to distribute
16:2008 film directed by Edward Zwick
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651:in the United States and Canada.
629:Zwick began writing a script for
559:as Isaac Malbin, an intellectual.
1789:Internet Movie Firearms Database
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1514:Kate Connolly (March 5, 2009).
993:, 2011 Polish film dramatising
641:with a budget of $ 32 million.
571:as Konstanty "Kościk" Kozłowski
346:Defiance: The Bielski Partisans
70:Defiance: The Bielski Partisans
2136:Films directed by Edward Zwick
678:, just across the border from
674:was filmed in three months in
583:as Bella, Zus's love interest.
1:
2111:2000s Russian-language films
2106:2000s English-language films
1582:Prawdziwa historia Bielskich
451:After a winter of sickness,
2003:Jack Reacher: Never Go Back
1826:Interview with Daniel Craig
782:was also nominated for the
486:inform the viewer that the
371:worldwide in January 2009.
231:December 31, 2008
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1670:February 25, 2009, at the
1416:"ampicillin (CHEBI:28971)"
639:Grosvenor Park Productions
403:are the Bielski brothers:
193:Grosvenor Park Productions
2074:Bedford Falls Productions
1440:"Defiance – Movie Review"
1355:David Denby (film critic)
635:Bedford Falls Productions
188:Bedford Falls Productions
33:Theatrical release poster
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1653:Film, History and Memory
881:atrocities against Poles
815:magazine cited the book
401:German-enforced ghettoes
2161:Paramount Vantage films
2151:Films shot in Lithuania
1808:at Baltic Film Services
1140:"Foursome can't resist
979:List of Holocaust films
2181:Historical negationism
2146:Films set in the 1940s
1983:Love & Other Drugs
1824:Voices on Antisemitism
1692:March 9, 2009, at the
1392:. 2009. Archived from
1322:from December 31, 2008
1217:The Hollywood Reporter
1149:The Hollywood Reporter
817:Women in the Holocaust
772:for its soundtrack by
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363:The film was released
2171:2000s American films
2141:Films set in Belarus
1396:on December 29, 2010
1357:(January 12, 2009).
946:Komsomolskaya Pravda
928:Most reviewers from
607:as Arkady Lubczanski
348:, an account of the
1923:Legends of the Fall
1813:Partisan Interviews
1042:. November 11, 2008
934:Belarusian language
774:James Newton Howard
770:Best Original Score
768:in the category of
482:The film's closing
296:is a 2008 American
165:James Newton Howard
2121:American war films
1933:Courage Under Fire
1610:, January 22, 2009
1344:– January 16, 2009
1319:The New York Times
739:The New York Times
601:as Yitzhak Shulman
385:invasion into USSR
210:Paramount Pictures
2083:
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2025:TV series created
1591:, January 6, 2009
1220:. January 7, 2009
1065:"Defiance (2008)"
1010:Naliboki massacre
1005:Koniuchy massacre
800:Bielski partisans
715:review aggregator
709:Critical response
684:Bielski partisans
665:Quantum of Solace
645:Paramount Vantage
488:Bielski partisans
365:in select cinemas
336:. Set during the
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1560:, June 16, 2008
1558:Gazeta Wyborcza
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850:
837:Rzeczpospolita
791:
788:
761:
758:
748:The New Yorker
710:
707:
696:
693:
691:
688:
626:
623:
621:
620:
617:
614:
608:
602:
596:
590:
584:
578:
575:Mia Wasikowska
572:
566:
560:
554:
551:Allan Corduner
548:
542:
533:
524:
518:Liev Schreiber
515:
505:
503:
500:
391:Einsatzgruppen
376:
373:
314:Liev Schreiber
287:
286:
285:$ 51.2 million
283:
279:
278:
275:
271:
270:
265:
261:
260:
257:
253:
252:
249:
246:
243:
242:
240:
239:
228:
226:
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220:
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216:
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206:
204:
203:Distributed by
200:
199:
196:
195:
190:
185:
179:
178:
176:
171:
168:
167:
162:
158:
157:
152:
148:
147:
142:
141:Cinematography
138:
137:
135:
134:
129:
127:Allan Corduner
124:
119:
114:
112:Liev Schreiber
109:
103:
101:
97:
96:
94:
93:
88:
84:
82:
78:
77:
67:
63:
62:
60:
59:
56:
52:
50:
46:
45:
40:
36:
35:
32:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2193:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2075:
2071:
2070:
2068:
2064:
2056:
2055:
2050:
2046:
2045:
2040:
2036:
2035:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2023:
2015:
2014:
2013:Trial by Fire
2009:
2005:
2004:
1999:
1995:
1994:
1989:
1985:
1984:
1979:
1975:
1974:
1969:
1965:
1964:
1963:Blood Diamond
1959:
1955:
1954:
1949:
1945:
1944:
1939:
1935:
1934:
1929:
1925:
1924:
1919:
1915:
1914:
1909:
1905:
1904:
1899:
1895:
1894:
1889:
1885:
1884:
1879:
1878:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1860:
1855:
1853:
1848:
1846:
1841:
1840:
1837:
1831:
1827:
1825:
1821:
1818:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1803:
1801:
1797:
1796:
1792:
1790:
1786:
1785:
1781:
1779:
1777:
1773:
1772:
1768:
1766:
1762:
1761:
1757:
1755:
1751:
1750:
1746:
1744:
1740:
1739:
1735:
1734:
1730:
1723:
1715:
1712:
1709:
1701:
1698:
1695:
1691:
1688:
1680:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1666:
1661:
1658:
1654:
1649:
1646:
1642:
1639:
1634:
1631:
1627:
1624:
1619:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1597:
1594:
1590:
1589:
1584:
1583:
1576:
1575:
1566:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1550:
1547:
1543:
1538:
1535:
1523:
1522:
1517:
1510:
1507:
1503:
1500:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1483:
1480:
1467:
1466:
1461:
1454:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1441:
1436:
1433:
1421:
1420:www.ebi.ac.uk
1417:
1411:
1408:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1381:
1378:
1366:
1365:
1360:
1356:
1350:
1347:
1343:
1342:
1337:
1333:
1328:
1325:
1321:
1320:
1313:
1311:
1307:
1295:
1291:
1290:
1285:
1283:
1275:
1272:
1268:
1255:
1251:
1250:
1245:
1243:
1235:
1232:
1219:
1218:
1213:
1207:
1204:
1192:
1188:
1181:
1178:
1173:
1166:
1163:
1151:
1150:
1145:
1143:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1122:
1109:
1105:
1104:
1099:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1084:
1072:
1071:
1066:
1060:
1058:
1054:
1041:
1040:
1035:
1033:
1025:
1022:
1015:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1000:
996:
995:Leopold Socha
992:
991:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
976:
972:
961:
956:
954:
951:
949:
947:
942:
937:
935:
931:
923:
921:
919:
914:
910:
909:
905:According to
903:
901:
897:
892:
891:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
865:
860:
859:
851:
849:
847:
843:
839:
838:
833:
829:
827:
823:
818:
814:
813:
807:
805:
801:
797:
789:
787:
785:
781:
777:
775:
771:
767:
766:Academy Award
759:
757:
754:
750:
749:
744:
741:
740:
735:
730:
728:
724:
720:
716:
708:
706:
703:
701:
694:
689:
687:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
667:
666:
661:
657:
652:
650:
646:
642:
640:
636:
632:
624:
618:
615:
612:
611:Ravil Isyanov
609:
606:
603:
600:
599:Iddo Goldberg
597:
595:as Riva Reich
594:
591:
588:
585:
582:
579:
576:
573:
570:
567:
564:
561:
558:
555:
552:
549:
546:
545:Alexa Davalos
543:
541:
537:
536:George MacKay
534:
532:
531:Asael Bielski
528:
525:
523:
519:
516:
514:
513:Tuvia Bielski
510:
507:
506:
501:
499:
497:
496:New York City
493:
489:
485:
480:
478:
473:
469:
468:
462:
458:
454:
449:
447:
443:
442:collaborators
438:
435:
430:
425:
424:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
393:
392:
386:
383:launched its
382:
374:
372:
370:
366:
361:
359:
355:
351:
347:
344:'s 1993 book
343:
339:
335:
331:
330:George MacKay
327:
326:Asael Bielski
323:
319:
315:
311:
310:Tuvia Bielski
307:
303:
299:
295:
294:
284:
280:
276:
272:
266:
262:
259:United States
258:
254:
250:
244:
230:
229:
227:
221:
214:
211:
208:
207:
205:
201:
194:
191:
189:
186:
184:
181:
180:
177:
169:
166:
163:
159:
156:
153:
149:
146:
145:Eduardo Serra
143:
139:
133:
130:
128:
125:
123:
122:Alexa Davalos
120:
118:
115:
113:
110:
108:
105:
104:
102:
98:
92:
89:
86:
85:
83:
79:
76:
71:
68:
64:
57:
54:
53:
51:
47:
44:
41:
37:
30:
25:
20:
2052:
2042:
2032:
2011:
2001:
1991:
1981:
1972:
1971:
1961:
1951:
1941:
1931:
1921:
1911:
1901:
1891:
1881:
1867:Edward Zwick
1823:
1805:
1794:
1783:
1770:
1759:
1748:
1737:
1714:
1705:(in Russian)
1700:
1679:
1660:
1648:
1641:The Guardian
1640:
1633:
1626:The Guardian
1625:
1607:
1596:
1586:
1580:
1572:
1570:(in English)
1565:
1557:
1549:
1537:
1525:. Retrieved
1521:The Guardian
1519:
1509:
1501:
1494:
1482:
1472:December 31,
1470:. Retrieved
1463:
1442:
1435:
1425:February 17,
1423:. Retrieved
1419:
1410:
1398:. Retrieved
1394:the original
1380:
1368:. Retrieved
1362:
1349:
1341:The Atlantic
1339:
1327:
1318:
1294:Fandom, Inc.
1287:
1281:
1274:
1257:. Retrieved
1247:
1241:
1234:
1222:. Retrieved
1215:
1206:
1194:. Retrieved
1180:
1165:
1153:. Retrieved
1147:
1141:
1112:. Retrieved
1108:the original
1101:
1074:. Retrieved
1068:
1044:. Retrieved
1037:
1031:
1024:
988:
952:
948:v Belorussii
944:
940:
938:
927:
918:antisemitism
912:
908:The Guardian
906:
904:
888:
864:The Guardian
862:
856:
855:
846:Adolf Hitler
835:
830:
825:
821:
816:
810:
809:A review by
808:
798:amongst the
793:
779:
778:
763:
746:
745:
737:
731:
712:
704:
699:
698:
671:
670:
663:
655:
653:
648:
643:
630:
628:
540:Aron Bielski
509:Daniel Craig
481:
450:
439:
381:Nazi Germany
378:
362:
358:World War II
345:
334:Aron Bielski
306:Daniel Craig
302:Edward Zwick
300:directed by
292:
291:
290:
277:$ 32 million
247:Running time
224:Release date
107:Daniel Craig
87:Edward Zwick
69:
58:Edward Zwick
43:Edward Zwick
2054:Quarterlife
2047:(1999–2002)
2037:(1987–1991)
1601:(in Polish)
1578:(in Polish)
1370:January 19,
1359:"Survivors"
1224:January 15,
1196:January 21,
1155:January 21,
1114:January 21,
1076:November 3,
1046:October 26,
990:In Darkness
971:Film portal
832:Nechama Tec
753:David Denby
734:A. O. Scott
605:Sam Spruell
581:Iben Hjejle
569:Jacek Koman
563:Tomas Arana
522:Zus Bielski
484:intertitles
342:Nechama Tec
318:Zus Bielski
251:137 minutes
81:Produced by
75:Nechama Tec
39:Directed by
2096:2008 films
2090:Categories
1776:Metacritic
1502:HistoryNet
1317:Review in
1297:Retrieved
1289:Metacritic
1016:References
941:Belarusian
939:"The word
896:Nowogrodek
804:ampicillin
786:for 2008.
723:Metacritic
695:Box office
660:James Bond
625:Production
527:Jamie Bell
477:Panzer III
453:starvation
322:Jamie Bell
282:Box office
235:2008-12-31
172:Production
117:Jamie Bell
49:Written by
1943:The Siege
1865:Works by
1828:from the
1465:The Times
913:Defiance'
858:The Times
826:The Times
802:and that
760:Accolades
690:Reception
676:Lithuania
593:Kate Fahy
587:Jodhi May
467:Luftwaffe
264:Languages
174:companies
151:Edited by
1973:Defiance
1806:Defiance
1795:Defiance
1784:Defiance
1771:Defiance
1760:Defiance
1754:AllMovie
1749:Defiance
1738:Defiance
1690:Archived
1668:Archived
1527:March 5,
1468:. London
1400:June 23,
1299:March 1,
1282:Defiance
1259:March 1,
1242:Defiance
1142:Defiance
1032:Defiance
957:See also
822:Defiance
780:Defiance
717:website
700:Defiance
672:Defiance
656:Defiance
649:Defiance
631:Defiance
492:Red Army
298:war film
293:Defiance
161:Music by
100:Starring
66:Based on
22:Defiance
2066:Related
1787:at the
1103:Variety
930:Belarus
924:Belarus
751:critic
732:Critic
713:On the
680:Belarus
356:during
354:Belarus
269:Russian
267:English
256:Country
233: (
2057:(2008)
2016:(2018)
2006:(2016)
1996:(2014)
1986:(2010)
1976:(2008)
1966:(2006)
1956:(2003)
1946:(1998)
1936:(1996)
1926:(1994)
1916:(1992)
1906:(1989)
1896:(1986)
1886:(1983)
852:Poland
796:typhus
472:Stukas
461:Easter
457:mutiny
328:, and
274:Budget
1903:Glory
1034:(15)"
869:Poles
413:Asael
405:Tuvia
1743:IMDb
1529:2009
1474:2008
1427:2023
1402:2009
1372:2009
1301:2024
1261:2024
1226:2009
1198:2008
1157:2008
1116:2008
1078:2008
1070:IMDb
1048:2016
999:Lwów
877:NKVD
861:and
842:tank
502:Cast
417:Aron
415:and
375:Plot
1798:at
1774:at
1763:at
1752:at
1741:at
1334:by
883:in
736:of
662:in
538:as
529:as
520:as
511:as
409:Zus
332:as
324:as
316:as
308:as
73:by
2092::
1615:^
1606:,
1585:,
1556:,
1518:.
1462:.
1450:^
1418:.
1388:.
1361:.
1338:–
1309:^
1292:.
1286:.
1252:.
1246:.
1214:.
1189:.
1146:.
1124:^
1100:.
1086:^
1067:.
1056:^
1036:.
920:.
776:.
686:.
668:.
411:,
407:,
387:,
360:.
320:,
312:,
1858:e
1851:t
1844:v
1531:.
1476:.
1429:.
1404:.
1374:.
1303:.
1284:"
1280:"
1263:.
1244:"
1240:"
1228:.
1200:.
1174:.
1159:.
1144:"
1118:.
1080:.
1050:.
1030:"
237:)
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