27:
1692:
135:
Definitions 21â107, the main section of the collection, contain concepts from ethics (affects and virtues), political theory, logic, grammar, and epistemology. Definitions 108â184 are a final appendix that contains a mixture of concepts which sometimes duplicate earlier terms and therefore was probably added at a later date. There are few terms drawn from metaphysics. It is probable that the collection underwent changes through the centuries since the number of definitions in the surviving manuscripts varies.
853:
146:) that progresses from the more general to the more specific, i.e., from 'above' to 'below.' Definitions were constructed by first giving the genus of the thing to be defined and then giving more and more of its special characteristics (its differentia) until it was fully distinguished from other members of the genus. Such a definition therefore gives the lowest species for the thing defined. In
1281:
709:
200:
760:
originated in the circles around the school of philosophy founded by Plato, i.e., in or around the
Academy. The definitions were probably collected at the time of the Early Academy, and indeed in the period immediately following Plato's death, that is, in the second half of the fourth century or the
170:
distinguishes humans from all the other two-footed animals, i.e., from birds. Other definitions, however, consist only of lists of characteristics or are trivial explanations of words. Many concepts are defined simply by giving the distinguishing characteristic. Humans, for example, are also defined
122:
is thought to have little philosophical value. Given the sophistication of Plato's and
Aristotle's efforts in the area of definition, this collection seems to be an elementary text produced by second-rate philosophical study. Its early date, however, does give it some importance as a source for the
134:
is a list of 184 terms important in early
Platonism together with one or more brief definitions. Though not in alphabetical or any other simple order, it is possible to discern some features of the organization of the collection. Definitions 1â20 consist chiefly of terms from natural philosophy.
792:
is first attested in the Roman imperial period. Until late antiquity, no one else but Plato was named as the author, but the prevailing opinion was that the collection did not originate with him. It was not included in the tetralogical arrangement of Plato's works. The anonymous
1284:
756:
cannot be ascribed to Plato. However, many individual points rest on his doctrines and it is probable that the way of defining various concepts goes back to this teaching. It is thought certain that
776:, Plato's nephew and the second head of the Academy. Today, however, the hypothesis that the extant collection is related to Speusippus' is no longer defended. Whether
162:
follow these principles and define terms by giving their genus and distinguishing characteristics. A human, for example, is a two-footed animal without wings. Here,
1907:
772:
is a selection from a larger collection that was available in the
Academy in that period, and may have been the foundation of a lost collection made by
1912:
1886:
1322:
1818:
663:
2012:
739:
885:
1247:
953:
937:
918:
1777:
234:
1902:
668:
1945:
1925:
761:
first third of the third century BCE. Key
Aristotelian terms such as 'potential' and 'actuality' are not conspicuous in
1920:
1843:
308:
279:
26:
1315:
1772:
224:
2007:
1972:
1967:
1691:
732:
899:. 2nd edition, Les Belles Lettres, Paris 1962, pp. 151â173 (critical edition with French translation).
1962:
1957:
1738:
1935:
1732:
1627:
1535:
1500:
1472:
1388:
1308:
841:
643:
465:
458:
416:
374:
353:
229:
913:, v. 3, unchanged reproduction of the 8th edition, Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt 2004,
984:
1838:
1576:
1521:
1458:
1360:
1353:
946:
Platone, Horoi: Saggio introduttivo, edizione critica, traduzione e commento a cura di
Edoardo Benati
807:
591:
521:
514:
507:
437:
367:
269:
259:
852:
806:
was unknown to the Latin-speaking, scholarly world of the Middle Ages and was first rediscovered by
1985:
1669:
1562:
1486:
1367:
1121:, Wiesbaden 1967, pp. 110â112. Konrad Gaiser rejects this in his review of von Ingenkamp's work in
619:
598:
395:
346:
1952:
1848:
1620:
1613:
1542:
1514:
1409:
1374:
725:
612:
605:
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528:
472:
360:
274:
183:
1708:
1662:
1528:
1437:
1243:
949:
933:
914:
881:
713:
444:
409:
388:
239:
1979:
1930:
1881:
1876:
1782:
1765:
1718:
1634:
1597:
1583:
1507:
1451:
1402:
673:
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451:
402:
284:
219:
1760:
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1346:
829:
811:
549:
325:
214:
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833:
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1655:
658:
423:
44:
1795:
1858:
1724:
1641:
1083:, v. 13, part 3, 2nd edition, Paris 1962, p. 157 ff.; cf. Margherita Isnardi:
773:
577:
299:
112:
96:
1260:
1175:
Alcune considerazioni sulla tradizione testuale degli scritti pseudoplatonici
1079:, v. 2, Hamburg 1998, p. LXIX. Joseph SouilhĂŠ (ed.) argues for a later date:
1745:
1700:
1648:
1395:
584:
318:
191:
143:
1268:
840:. This edition was the basis for the Latin translation that the humanist
1828:
1801:
1590:
1493:
1290:
556:
381:
249:
244:
1147:âProlegomena zur Philosophie Platonsâ 26, ed. by Leendert G. Westerink:
1075:, v. 3, 2nd edition, Basel 2004, pp. 1â165: 96; Hans GĂźnter Zekl (ed.):
1676:
797:
which is dated to late antiquity, designates
Speusippus as the author.
430:
1242:, 2nd edition, Schwabe, Basel 2004, pp. 1â165, 96, 109 ff., 158,
1479:
869:
vol. V, Oxford
Classical Text (Oxford: Clarendon, 1907) (Greek only).
780:
is a compilation made from older collections is debated by scholars.
339:
1236:
Grundriss der
Geschichte der Philosophie. Die Philosophie der Antike
1073:
Grundriss der
Geschichte der Philosophie. Die Philosophie der Antike
1030:, v. 5, part 1, Paris 2012, pp. 833â841: 839; Joseph SouilhĂŠ (ed.):
844:
brought out in Nuremberg in 1523 with the printer Friedrich Peypus.
836:
in September 1513 as part of the complete works of Plato edited by
35:: Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale, Gr. 1807 (9th century), first page
1381:
1331:
851:
332:
199:
103:'s works. Plato is generally not regarded as the editor of all of
100:
800:
The earliest, surviving manuscript is from the ninth century CE.
1465:
1091:
12, 1957, pp. 401â438: p. 429 and note 2; Heinz Gerd Ingenkamp:
821:
into Latin and published his translation in Venice in 1497 with
479:
1304:
99:
of 184 philosophical terms sometimes included in the corpus of
79:
825:, and named Speusippus as the author in the introduction.
940:, pp. LXIVâLXXII, 233â245 (only German translation).
1300:
156:
an expression that is composed of genus and differentia.
1225:
Untersuchungen zu den pseudoplatonischen Definitionen.
1136:
Untersuchungen zu den pseudoplatonischen Definitionen
1119:
Untersuchungen zu den pseudoplatonischen Definitionen
1093:
Untersuchungen zu den pseudoplatonischen Definitionen
1164:, v. 13, part 3, 2nd edition, Paris 1962, p. 158 ff.
1895:
1867:
1817:
1699:
1552:
1338:
1207:For Pirckheimer's translation see Niklas Holzberg:
1034:, v. 13, part 3, 2nd edition, Paris 1962, p. 157ff.
880:, Hackett Publishing, Indianapolis/Cambridge 1997,
58:
50:
40:
1181:, Stuttgart 2005, pp. 25â35: 31f; James Hankins:
814:believed the collection's author was Speusippus.
888:, pp. 1677â1686 (only English translation).
832:of the Greek text was brought out in Venice by
142:is related to the Platonic Method of Division (
996:John Madison Cooper, D. S. Hutchinson (1997),
1316:
1173:For Ficino's hypothesis see Antonio Carlini:
921:, pp. 787â798 (only German translation).
733:
166:is the lowest genus that contains humans and
8:
1117:This is maintained by Heinz Gerd Ingenkamp:
19:
960:(critical edition with Italian translation)
1549:
1323:
1309:
1301:
1125:(newspaper) 76, 1969, pp. 543â546: 544 ff.
1013:, v. 2, Hamburg 1998, pp. LXIV, LXXâLXXII.
740:
726:
178:
25:
18:
1240:Ăltere Akademie â Aristoteles â Peripatos
810:. In the fifteenth century, the humanist
1908:List of manuscripts of Plato's dialogues
1269:Free public domain audiobook version of
1149:ProlÊgomènes à la philosophie de Platon
1024:Platon: Dialogues douteux et apocryphes
969:
948:(1st ed.). Baden-Baden: Academia.
681:
635:
307:
257:
190:
1198:, 3rd edition, Leiden 1994, p. 742 ff.
1085:Nomos e basileia nellâAccademia antica
911:Platon: Sämtliche Werke in drei Bänden
1887:List of speakers in Plato's dialogues
1028:Dictionnaire des philosophes antiques
16:Dictionary of 184 philosophical terms
7:
1000:. Hackett Publishing. pp. 1677â1687.
932:, v. 2, Felix Meiner, Hamburg 1998,
909:. In Erich Ludwig Loewenthal (ed.):
872:Douglas S. Hutchinson (translator).
752:There is a scholarly consensus that
664:Allegorical interpretations of Plato
31:The oldest, surviving manuscript of
1293:. Collection includes Definitions.
1185:, 3rd edition, Leiden 1994, p. 307.
926:Pseudo-Platon: Begriffsbestimmungen
795:Prolegomena to Platonic Philosophy,
107:. Some ancient scholars attributed
691:
14:
1690:
1279:
1196:Plato in the Italian Renaissance
1183:Plato in the Italian Renaissance
1177:. In Klaus DĂśring et al. (ed.):
981:Platonis opera quae extant omnia
707:
198:
924:Hans GĂźnter Zekl (translator).
1913:Cultural influence of Plato's
1095:, Wiesbaden 1967, pp. 106â110.
175:Author and time of composition
123:history of ancient Platonism.
1:
1227:Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 1967.
928:. In Hans GĂźnter Zekl (ed.):
856:The first printed edition of
171:as the only rational animal.
1926:Platonism in the Renaissance
1778:Plato's political philosophy
1234:. In Hellmut Flashar (ed.):
1211:, MĂźnchen 1981, pp. 301â311.
1138:, Wiesbaden 1967, p. 112 ff.
1071:. In Hellmut Flashar (ed.):
1921:Neoplatonism and Gnosticism
1289:public domain audiobook at
1275:translated by George Burges
1265:translated by George Burges
1026:. In Richard Goulet (ed.):
876:. In John M. Cooper (ed.):
669:Plato's unwritten doctrines
280:Analogy of the divided line
2029:
2013:Ancient Greek dictionaries
860:, Venice 1513, first page
80:
1688:
848:Editions and translations
24:
1162:Platon: Ĺuvres complètes
1081:Platon: Ĺuvres complètes
1032:Platon: Ĺuvres complètes
1009:Hans GĂźnter Zekl (ed.):
944:Benati, Edoardo (2023).
893:Platon: Ĺuvres complètes
768:It was conjectured that
150:, for example, the word
1151:, Paris 1990, p. 38 ff.
118:In modern scholarship,
1223:Heinz Gerd Ingenkamp:
1160:Joseph SouilhĂŠ (ed.):
1134:Heinz Gerd Ingenkamp:
1108:, Leiden 1981, p. 197.
998:Plato â Complete Works
891:Joseph SouilhĂŠ (ed.).
861:
92:
1877:The Academy in Athens
1733:Platonic epistemology
1209:Willibald Pirckheimer
1089:La Parola del Passato
878:Plato. Complete Works
855:
842:Willibald Pirckheimer
808:Renaissance humanists
714:Philosophy portal
649:The Academy in Athens
1297:, translator (1855).
1106:Speusippus of Athens
1077:Aristoteles: Organon
1011:Aristoteles: Organon
930:Aristoteles: Organon
897:Dialogues apocryphes
270:Allegory of the cave
235:Political philosophy
158:Many definitions in
1986:Poitier Meets Plato
1903:Unwritten doctrines
1232:Die Ăltere Akademie
1069:Die Ăltere Akademie
865:John Burnet (ed.).
21:
1953:Oxyrhynchus Papyri
862:
817:Ficino translated
682:Related categories
309:The works of Plato
275:Analogy of the Sun
138:Methodologically,
1995:
1994:
1709:Euthyphro dilemma
1686:
1685:
1663:Second Alcibiades
895:, v. 13, part 3:
788:The existence of
750:
749:
410:Second Alcibiades
240:Euthyphro dilemma
164:two-footed animal
66:
65:
2020:
1946:and Christianity
1931:Middle Platonism
1882:Socratic problem
1844:The Divided Line
1783:Philosopher king
1766:Form of the Good
1719:Cardinal virtues
1694:
1550:
1403:First Alcibiades
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983:, Vol. 3, 1578,
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674:Pseudo-Platonica
654:Middle Platonism
636:Related articles
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285:Philosopher king
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1761:Theory of Forms
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1936:Commentaries
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20:Definitions
1796:Anima mundi
1753:Theia mania
1570:Definitions
1553:Of doubtful
1271:Definitions
1262:Definitions
1056:Definitions
1044:Definitions
858:Definitions
819:Definitions
804:Definitions
790:Definitions
778:Definitions
770:Definitions
763:Definitions
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754:Definitions
571:Definitions
160:Definitions
148:Definitions
140:Definitions
132:Definitions
120:Definitions
109:Definitions
105:Definitions
71:Definitions
33:Definitions
2002:Categories
1859:Myth of Er
1819:Allegories
1725:Sophrosyne
1701:Philosophy
1642:On Justice
1628:Hipparchus
1536:Theaetetus
1501:Protagoras
1473:Parmenides
1389:Euthydemus
1218:References
774:Speusippus
578:On Justice
466:Protagoras
459:Euthydemus
417:Hipparchus
375:Parmenides
354:Theaetetus
300:Myth of Er
152:definition
113:Speusippus
97:dictionary
62:Philosophy
1746:Peritrope
1649:On Virtue
1577:Demodocus
1529:Symposium
1522:Statesman
1459:Menexenus
1396:Euthyphro
1361:Clitophon
1354:Charmides
1286:Apocrypha
1123:Gymnasium
784:Reception
592:Demodocus
585:On Virtue
515:Clitophon
508:Menexenus
438:Charmides
389:Symposium
368:Statesman
319:Euthyphro
192:Platonism
144:diairesis
1915:Republic
1839:The Cave
1829:Atlantis
1802:Demiurge
1739:Amanesis
1670:Sisyphus
1598:Epistles
1591:Epinomis
1584:Epigrams
1563:Axiochus
1508:Republic
1494:Philebus
1487:Phaedrus
1368:Cratylus
1291:LibriVox
1238:, v. 3:
627:Epigrams
620:Axiochus
599:Sisyphus
564:Epistles
557:Epinomis
522:Republic
396:Phaedrus
382:Philebus
347:Cratylus
250:Atlantis
245:Demiurge
184:a series
182:Part of
51:Language
1849:The Sun
1677:Theages
1621:Halcyon
1614:Eryxias
1543:Timaeus
1515:Sophist
1410:Gorgias
1375:Critias
1347:Apology
979:(ed.),
613:Eryxias
606:Halcyon
536:Critias
529:Timaeus
473:Gorgias
431:Theages
361:Sophist
326:Apology
127:Content
95:) is a
59:Subject
1896:Legacy
1480:Phaedo
1438:Laches
1246:
985:p. 411
952:
936:
917:
884:
445:Laches
340:Phaedo
41:Author
1635:Minos
1452:Lysis
1382:Crito
1339:Works
1332:Plato
1087:. In
1058:415a.
1046:415a.
965:Notes
695:Plato
543:Minos
452:Lysis
333:Crito
101:Plato
89:Latin
85:Horoi
76:Greek
1869:Life
1466:Meno
1445:Laws
1244:ISBN
950:ISBN
934:ISBN
915:ISBN
882:ISBN
828:The
550:Laws
480:Meno
210:Life
81:á˝ĎοΚ
68:The
1973:229
1968:228
1431:Ion
501:Ion
111:to
2004::
1963:24
1958:23
765:.
186:on
115:.
91::
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74:(
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