1716:
33:
166:. Delta cells comprise ca 5% of the cells in the islets but may interact with many more islet cells than suggested by their low numbers. In rodents, delta-cells are located in the periphery of the islets; in humans the islet architecture is generally less organized and delta-cells are frequently observed inside the islets as well. In both species, the peptide hormone
1773:
170:(Ucn3) is a major local signal that is released from beta cells (and alpha cells in primates) to induce the local secretion of somatostatin. It has also been suggested that somatostatin may be implicated in insulin-induced hypoglycaemia through a mechanism involving SGLT-2 receptors.
216:
via a G-protein coupled receptor (which inhibits adenylate cyclase, thus effectively antagonising the stimulatory effect of histamine) to reduce acid secretion. Somatostatin can also indirectly decrease stomach acid production by preventing the release of other hormones, including
258:
to protect them from the stomach acid; however, this reacts with the acid producing ammonium which is toxic to cells. This leads to many of the δ-cells dying, an effect that is further compounded by the low
1165:
280:
285:
263:
expression on the δ-cells as compared to gastric G cells (resulting in higher susceptibility of δ-cells to inflammatory responses). In turn, this results in a lower level of
735:
523:"Comprehensive alpha, beta and delta cell transcriptomes reveal that ghrelin selectively activates delta cells and promotes somatostatin release from pancreatic islets"
111:
1814:
1132:
1158:
1833:
1757:
254:, is predominantly inflamed. This is where most of the δ-cells in the stomach are. The bacteria produce a cloud of ammonia around themselves using
728:
670:"Gastrin (G) cells and somatostatin (D) cells in patients with dyspeptic symptoms: Helicobacter pylori associated and non-associated gastritis"
1151:
619:
Mommersteeg MC, Yu BT, van den Bosch TP, von der Thüsen JH, Kuipers EJ, Doukas M, Spaander MC, Peppelenbosch MP, Fuhler GM (October 2022).
1127:
721:
118:
1843:
1807:
1435:
621:"Constitutive programmed death ligand 1 expression protects gastric G-cells from Helicobacter pylori-induced inflammation"
206:
106:
1750:
1183:
1056:
1848:
1277:
1800:
1601:
1334:
917:
1676:
1640:
1532:
94:
1743:
1606:
1537:
1175:
889:
800:
366:"Alpha-, Delta- and PP-cells: Are They the Architectural Cornerstones of Islet Structure and Co-ordination?"
1723:
1561:
912:
413:
van der Meulen T, Donaldson CJ, Cáceres E, Hunter AE, Cowing-Zitron C, Pound LD, et al. (July 2015).
183:
271:
and stomach acid. This, combined with the damage from ammonium, leads to ulceration of the stomach wall.
1690:
1475:
521:
DiGruccio MR, Mawla AM, Donaldson CJ, Noguchi GM, Vaughan J, Cowing-Zitron C, et al. (July 2016).
99:
1470:
1440:
1398:
1373:
1115:
1105:
475:
318:
1422:
894:
847:
839:
179:
1612:
1207:
812:
780:
762:
307:"The unique cytoarchitecture of human pancreatic islets has implications for islet cell function"
1715:
1038:
904:
817:
790:
699:
650:
601:
552:
503:
444:
395:
346:
32:
1784:
1727:
1838:
1698:
1660:
1574:
1569:
1516:
1369:
1229:
1143:
1089:
954:
949:
944:
829:
822:
795:
745:
689:
681:
640:
632:
591:
583:
542:
534:
493:
483:
462:
Vergari E, Knudsen JG, Ramracheya R, Salehi A, Zhang Q, Adam J, et al. (January 2019).
434:
426:
385:
377:
336:
326:
163:
59:
415:"Urocortin3 mediates somatostatin-dependent negative feedback control of insulin secretion"
1393:
972:
964:
857:
852:
770:
753:
464:"Insulin inhibits glucagon release by SGLT2-induced stimulation of somatostatin secretion"
238:
479:
322:
1542:
1388:
1199:
1021:
936:
867:
785:
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694:
669:
645:
620:
596:
571:
547:
522:
498:
463:
439:
414:
390:
365:
341:
306:
251:
213:
151:
1827:
1236:
1219:
1026:
1016:
927:
807:
167:
305:
Cabrera O, Berman DM, Kenyon NS, Ricordi C, Berggren PO, Caicedo A (February 2006).
1780:
1341:
1308:
1298:
1224:
1110:
1076:
1066:
1004:
264:
202:
198:
147:
69:
713:
538:
1597:
1496:
1241:
1084:
999:
182:, delta-cells can be identified as cells with smaller and slightly more compact
488:
311:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
174:
can also strongly stimulate somatostatin secretion, thus indirectly inhibiting
1622:
1547:
1267:
1046:
587:
381:
1617:
1480:
1329:
1051:
862:
685:
331:
246:
226:
209:, acts positively on δ-cells resulting in more somatostatin being released.
187:
159:
55:
17:
703:
654:
605:
556:
507:
448:
399:
350:
1426:
1405:
1272:
1122:
994:
222:
124:
1317:
881:
268:
218:
175:
171:
155:
51:
1772:
636:
1452:
1410:
1322:
1293:
1212:
668:
Liu Y, Vosmaer GD, Tytgat GN, Xiao SD, Ten Kate FJ (September 2005).
255:
572:"The somatostatin-secreting pancreatic δ-cell in health and disease"
430:
201:(which respond to Ach). Respectively, these receptors will increase
1447:
1249:
1011:
986:
260:
194:
82:
212:
In the stomach, somatostatin acts directly on the acid-producing
1655:
1147:
717:
205:
output and decrease somatostatin output from the δ-cells. VIP,
364:
Brereton MF, Vergari E, Zhang Q, Clark A (August 2015).
1788:
1731:
281:
List of human cell types derived from the germ layers
229:
which effectively slows down the digestive process.
1689:
1669:
1648:
1639:
1590:
1583:
1560:
1525:
1509:
1489:
1463:
1421:
1381:
1368:
1361:
1307:
1286:
1260:
1198:
1191:
1182:
1098:
1075:
1037:
985:
963:
935:
926:
903:
880:
838:
761:
752:
286:
List of distinct cell types in the adult human body
105:
93:
81:
76:
65:
47:
42:
25:
267:being secreted and consequently higher release of
370:The Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry
1808:
1751:
1159:
729:
8:
1815:
1801:
1758:
1744:
1645:
1587:
1378:
1365:
1195:
1188:
1166:
1152:
1144:
1133:List of human endocrine organs and actions
932:
758:
736:
722:
714:
31:
693:
644:
595:
546:
497:
487:
438:
389:
340:
330:
237:A tumor of the delta cells is called a "
297:
122:
22:
250:the lower region of the stomach, the
7:
1769:
1767:
1712:
1710:
570:Rorsman P, Huising MO (July 2018).
193:The δ-cells in the stomach contain
1787:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
1730:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
14:
1771:
1714:
119:Anatomical terms of microanatomy
1834:Peptide hormone secreting cells
244:When a person is infected with
197:(which respond to gastrin) and
1:
1382:Bile and pancreatic secretion
674:Journal of Clinical Pathology
576:Nature Reviews. Endocrinology
207:vasoactive intestinal peptide
539:10.1016/j.molmet.2016.04.007
154:. They can be found in the
1865:
1766:
1709:
1602:Interstitial cell of Cajal
489:10.1038/s41467-018-08193-8
15:
1677:Enterohepatic circulation
1533:Segmentation contractions
588:10.1038/s41574-018-0020-6
178:release. Viewed under an
117:
30:
382:10.1369/0022155415583535
16:Not to be confused with
1607:Basal electrical rhythm
1538:Migrating motor complex
1176:gastrointestinal system
801:Somatomammotrophic cell
686:10.1136/jcp.2003.010710
332:10.1073/pnas.0510790103
37:Control of stomach acid
1844:Digestive system stubs
1724:human digestive system
1562:Enteric nervous system
1476:Enterochromaffin cell
1471:Enteroendocrine cells
468:Nature Communications
233:Clinical significance
1464:Endocrine cell types
1116:Organ of Zuckerkandl
1106:Enteroendocrine cell
527:Molecular Metabolism
1490:Exocrine cell types
1423:Glucose homeostasis
895:Parafollicular cell
480:2019NatCo..10..139V
323:2006PNAS..103.2334C
180:electron microscope
1849:Cell biology stubs
1613:Gastrocolic reflex
1174:Physiology of the
1039:Islets of pancreas
813:Corticotropic cell
100:H3.04.02.0.00027
1796:
1795:
1739:
1738:
1707:
1706:
1685:
1684:
1635:
1634:
1631:
1630:
1570:Submucous plexus
1556:
1555:
1505:
1504:
1357:
1356:
1141:
1140:
981:
980:
905:Parathyroid gland
876:
875:
818:Gonadotropic cell
791:Somatotropic cell
637:10.1111/hel.12917
164:pancreatic islets
133:
132:
128:
60:pancreatic islets
1856:
1817:
1810:
1803:
1775:
1768:
1760:
1753:
1746:
1718:
1711:
1699:Peritoneal fluid
1661:Pancreatic juice
1646:
1588:
1575:Myenteric plexus
1517:Intestinal juice
1379:
1366:
1278:Gastric emptying
1230:Intrinsic factor
1196:
1189:
1168:
1161:
1154:
1145:
1090:Corpora arenacea
955:Zona reticularis
950:Zona fasciculata
945:Zona glomerulosa
933:
830:Chromophobe cell
823:Thyrotropic cell
759:
746:endocrine system
738:
731:
724:
715:
708:
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459:
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410:
404:
403:
393:
361:
355:
354:
344:
334:
317:(7): 2334–2339.
302:
125:edit on Wikidata
88:endocrinocytus D
35:
23:
1864:
1863:
1859:
1858:
1857:
1855:
1854:
1853:
1824:
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1822:
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1708:
1703:
1681:
1665:
1627:
1579:
1552:
1521:
1501:
1485:
1459:
1417:
1394:Cholecystokinin
1353:
1303:
1282:
1256:
1245:
1178:
1172:
1142:
1137:
1094:
1071:
1033:
977:
973:Chromaffin cell
959:
922:
899:
890:Follicular cell
872:
853:Median eminence
834:
771:Pars intermedia
754:Pituitary gland
748:
744:Anatomy of the
742:
712:
711:
667:
666:
662:
618:
617:
613:
569:
568:
564:
520:
519:
515:
461:
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431:10.1038/nm.3872
419:Nature Medicine
412:
411:
407:
363:
362:
358:
304:
303:
299:
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277:
239:somatostatinoma
235:
129:
38:
21:
12:
11:
5:
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1740:
1737:
1736:
1719:
1705:
1704:
1702:
1701:
1695:
1693:
1691:Abdominopelvic
1687:
1686:
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1680:
1679:
1673:
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1666:
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1430:
1419:
1418:
1416:
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1413:
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1391:
1389:Enterogastrone
1385:
1383:
1376:
1363:
1359:
1358:
1355:
1354:
1352:
1351:
1350:
1349:
1339:
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1327:
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1302:
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1296:
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1280:
1275:
1270:
1264:
1262:
1258:
1257:
1255:
1254:
1253:
1252:
1247:
1243:
1237:Foveolar cells
1234:
1233:
1232:
1227:
1220:Parietal cells
1217:
1216:
1215:
1204:
1202:
1193:
1186:
1180:
1179:
1173:
1171:
1170:
1163:
1156:
1148:
1139:
1138:
1136:
1135:
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1120:
1119:
1118:
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1059:
1054:
1049:
1043:
1041:
1035:
1034:
1032:
1031:
1030:
1029:
1024:
1022:Granulosa cell
1019:
1009:
1008:
1007:
1002:
991:
989:
983:
982:
979:
978:
976:
975:
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957:
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868:Herring bodies
865:
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844:
842:
836:
835:
833:
832:
827:
826:
825:
820:
815:
805:
804:
803:
798:
796:Prolactin cell
793:
786:Acidophil cell
783:
778:
776:Pars tuberalis
773:
767:
765:
756:
750:
749:
743:
741:
740:
733:
726:
718:
710:
709:
680:(9): 927–931.
660:
611:
582:(7): 404–414.
562:
533:(7): 449–458.
513:
454:
425:(7): 769–776.
405:
376:(8): 575–591.
356:
296:
295:
293:
290:
289:
288:
283:
276:
273:
234:
231:
214:parietal cells
131:
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1783:article is a
1782:
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1027:Corpus luteum
1025:
1023:
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1017:Theca interna
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928:Adrenal gland
925:
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911:
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841:
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821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
810:
809:
808:Basophil cell
806:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
788:
787:
784:
782:
781:Pars distalis
779:
777:
774:
772:
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768:
766:
764:
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739:
734:
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719:
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691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
664:
661:
656:
652:
647:
642:
638:
634:
631:(5): e12917.
630:
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603:
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1789:expanding it
1781:cell biology
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1497:Goblet cells
1346:
1342:Somatostatin
1309:Gastric acid
1299:Gastric acid
1225:Gastric acid
1077:Pineal gland
1067:Epsilon cell
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1005:Sertoli cell
918:Oxyphil cell
848:Pars nervosa
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199:M3 receptors
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148:somatostatin
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70:Somatostatin
1598:Peristalsis
1584:Either/both
1543:Borborygmus
1208:Chief cells
1128:Development
1111:Paraganglia
1085:Pinealocyte
1000:Leydig cell
150:-producing
136:Delta cells
77:Identifiers
1828:Categories
1623:Enterocyte
1548:Defecation
1268:Swallowing
1213:Pepsinogen
1062:Delta cell
1047:Alpha cell
913:Chief cell
474:(1): 139.
292:References
188:beta cells
72:production
26:Delta cell
1670:Processes
1641:Accessory
1618:Digestion
1591:Processes
1526:Processes
1481:APUD cell
1427:incretins
1374:paracrine
1370:Endocrine
1335:ECL cells
1330:Histamine
1311:secretion
1261:Processes
1052:Beta cell
863:Pituicyte
840:Posterior
247:H. pylori
227:histamine
160:intestine
56:intestine
18:D battery
1406:Secretin
1273:Vomiting
1200:Exocrine
1184:GI tract
1123:Placenta
995:Testicle
763:Anterior
704:16126872
655:35899973
606:29773871
557:27408771
508:30635569
449:26076035
400:26216135
351:16461897
275:See also
223:secretin
184:granules
162:and the
66:Function
58:and the
48:Location
1839:Stomach
1453:L cells
1441:K cells
1411:S cells
1399:I cells
1347:D cells
1323:G cells
1318:Gastrin
1057:PP cell
965:Medulla
882:Thyroid
695:1770830
646:9542424
597:5997567
548:4921781
499:6329806
476:Bibcode
440:4496282
391:4530398
342:1413730
319:Bibcode
269:gastrin
219:gastrin
176:insulin
172:Ghrelin
156:stomach
144:D cells
140:δ-cells
52:Stomach
43:Details
1649:Fluids
1510:Fluids
1294:Saliva
1287:Fluids
987:Gonads
937:Cortex
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256:urease
252:antrum
146:) are
1779:This
1722:This
1448:GLP-1
1362:Lower
1250:Mucus
1192:Upper
1099:Other
1012:Ovary
858:Stalk
261:PD-L1
195:CCKBR
186:than
152:cells
123:[
112:62935
83:Latin
1785:stub
1728:stub
1656:Bile
700:PMID
651:PMID
602:PMID
553:PMID
504:PMID
445:PMID
396:PMID
347:PMID
225:and
1436:GIP
1242:HCO
690:PMC
682:doi
641:PMC
633:doi
592:PMC
584:doi
543:PMC
535:doi
494:PMC
484:doi
435:PMC
427:doi
386:PMC
378:doi
337:PMC
327:doi
315:103
241:".
142:or
107:FMA
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