869:
118:
561:
92:
718:
586:
97:
827:
1204:
uprising. It attracted attention in
Britain inside and outside Parliament to the terrible evil of slavery and the need to abolish it. This played a part, along with other humanitarian, political and economic factors, in causing the British parliament ten years later in 1833 to take the momentous
2035:
2009:
1971:
1205:
decision to abolish slavery in
British Guiana and elsewhere in the British Empire with effect from 1 August 1834. After serving four years of a modified form of slavery euphemistically called apprenticeship, the slaves were finally freed on 1 August 1838.
1779:, pp. 235–236: In September 1763, the Chief of the Akawaio paid a visit to the Governor of Essequibo in Fort Zeelandia with two slaves, three cut-off hands and reported that his tribe had killed 55 slaves. He wanted a reward, guns and ammunition.
1067:
which was owned by the commander of
Demerara. The decision was criticised because the island was hard to defend, and the planters had started to build houses around the guard post near the mouth of the river. That settlement later became known as
1231:. In 1838, Demerara was made one of the three counties of Guiana, the other two being Berbice and Essequibo. In 1958, the county was abolished when Guiana was subdivided into districts. Historical Demerara was divided in 1958 and are a part of
1036:
population and respect their territories, because they fought with the colony of
Essequibo against the French privateers and helped to chase them off. The Amerindians were considered free people, and they were not allowed to enslave them.
1158:
The
British recaptured Demerara, Essequibo, and Berbice in 1796. A deal was struck with the colony: all laws and customs could remain, and the citizens were equal to British subjects. Any government official who swore loyalty to the
117:
1111:
In 1780, there were almost 200 plantations in
Demerara compared to 129 in Essequibo. Demerara had become more successful than Essequibo. The rivalry between the colonies resulted in the creation of a combined
1040:
The first planter was
Andries Pieterse who already owned a plantation in Essequibo. Half a year later, there were 18 large sugar plantations and 50 smaller plantations. The colony was initially governed from
1103:
tribes, and prevented the uprising from spreading to
Demerara and Essequibo. 50 soldiers from Demarara were sent to Berbice as assistance. The slave uprisings were a source of concern: in a 1767 letter to
2370:
The
History of British Guiana: Comprising a General Description of the Colony: A narrative of some of the principal events from the earliest period of products and natural history
345:
2483:
Oostindie, Gert. "‘British
Capital, Industry and Perseverance’ versus Dutch ‘Old School’? The Dutch Atlantic and the Takeover of Berbice, Demerara and Essequibo, 1750-1815"
1020:
Demerara was first mentioned in 1691 as a trading post. On 18 October 1745, Demerara was created as a separate colony, even though it was located on an unoccupied part of
655:
1128:
command was sent to the West Indies, and after having made some seizures in the Caribbean Islands, a squadron was detached to take possession of the colonies of
1059:
In 1755, Gedney Clarke, a Barbados merchant and plantation owner, requested political representation, therefore the administration was moved to the island of
855:
677:
193:
183:
167:
2128:
2529:
2459:
1196:. Although these rebellions were easily and bloodily crushed, according to Winston McGowan, they may have had a long-term impact in ending slavery:
868:
1125:
1264:
2265:
3155:
2920:
2405:
1298:
380:
1459:
2694:
1507:
1140:
2490:
Sheridan, Richard B. "The condition of the slaves on the sugar plantations of Sir John Gladstone in the colony of Demerara, 1812-49."
2448:
2150:
1382:
1046:
1790:
1716:
1143:
of the whole of the Dutch settlements, compelling Gov. Robert Kingston to surrender. The opinion of the Dutch newspapers varied. The
3226:
2387:
1888:
660:
393:
1124:
In 1781, the American revolution induced the Dutch Republic to join with the Bourbon side against the British. A large fleet under
2592:
1311:
1240:
968:
848:
807:
2791:
1407:
341:
2522:
1357:
1056:, who had a monopoly on the slave trade, was unable to supply them, leading to illegal smuggling from English colonies.
2429:
Geschiedenis van de koloniën Essequebo, Demerary en Berbice, van de vestiging der Nederlanders aldaar tot op onzen tijd
1323:
717:
3115:
2849:
1369:
1317:
1108:, the King of Prussia, which aimed to promote the colony for German planters, a request was added for 100 soldiers.
3151:
3017:
2712:
2571:
1260:
1193:
1187:
1133:
841:
697:
532:
462:
1533:
1791:"Their power has been broken, the danger has passed." Dutch newspaper coverage of the Berbice slave revolt, 1763"
1429:
35:
1351:
2815:
2552:
1256:
1053:
944:
672:
366:
143:
3187:
1329:
1178:. They were ceded to Britain on 13 August 1814. On 20 November 1815, the Netherlands ratified the agreement.
2515:
1042:
255:
214:
103:
964:
797:
3120:
2879:
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1244:
1152:
1116:
in Fort Zeelandia. The majority of the white population of the colony were English and Scottish planters.
1080:
337:
91:
1675:
1394:
1132:
and Demerara, which was accomplished without even a fight. The previous year, the colony produced 10,000
2538:
2440:
A Description of British Guiana, Geographical and Statistical: Exhibiting Its Resources and Capabilities
2416:
1919:
1275:
406:
1638:
3163:
2889:
2737:
2587:
2239:
1450:
1416:
1400:
247:
2969:
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2915:
2299:
2273:
1465:
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1105:
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259:
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747:
645:
579:
566:
449:
445:
275:
224:
189:
173:
127:
263:
1163:
could remain in function. They returned the colony to the Dutch in 1802 under the terms of the
1032:. In the founding documents, it was mentioned that the colonists should live in peace with the
947:
between 1745 and 1792 and a colony of the Dutch state from 1792 until 1815. It was merged with
3231:
3099:
2925:
2869:
2776:
2597:
2444:
2401:
2383:
1502:
1232:
767:
706:
640:
502:
295:
279:
155:
1049:, the governor of Essequibo. In 1750 he appointed his son Jonathan as Commander of Demerara.
3136:
3083:
3041:
2910:
2612:
2497:
St Pierre, Maurice. "The 1823 Guyana Slave Rebellion: A Collective Action Reconsideration."
2179:
1806:
1798:
1236:
1069:
882:
432:
311:
303:
291:
267:
239:
96:
2158:
951:
in 1812 by the British who took control. It formally became a British colony in 1815 until
2771:
1816:
1281:
1164:
1113:
528:
307:
271:
243:
1012:
is so named because originally, it came from sugarcane fields in the colony of Demerara.
2427:
2368:
872:
2 Joes (or 44 Dutch Guilders), Colonies of Demerary and Essequebo (1830s), second issue.
2864:
2722:
2627:
2219:
1479:
1435:
1335:
1289:
1224:
1100:
1009:
972:
956:
927:
918:
787:
728:
635:
520:
479:
419:
287:
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235:
200:
31:
2102:
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2674:
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2622:
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2602:
2154:
1271:
1160:
1092:
936:
831:
733:
524:
2220:"ADMIN REGIONS DETAILED – GUYANA LANDS AND SURVEYS COMMISSION'S FACT PAGE ON GUYANA"
3036:
2839:
2653:
2648:
2607:
1096:
321:
2438:
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2874:
2732:
2707:
1285:
999:
932:
2781:
2747:
1033:
107:
3202:
3189:
963:
of British Guiana until 1958. In 1966, British Guiana gained independence as
2988:
2761:
2727:
2461:
Storm van 's Gravesande: zijn werk en zijn leven uit zijne brieven opgebouwd
1920:"Reinhart: Nederlandse literatuur en slavernij ten tijde van de Verlichting"
1292:
1060:
219:
3159:
2632:
2266:"First Black footballer, Andrew Watson, inspired British soccer in 1870s"
1064:
629:
325:
178:
162:
2507:
1301:-first black person to play association football at international level.
17:
2834:
2756:
2717:
2240:"The Extraordinary Life of the Freed Slave Who Taught Darwin Taxidermy"
1541:
1486:
1220:
1201:
1084:
1029:
1025:
757:
623:
475:
333:
1811:
1706:, the electoral college, of Essequibo had refused to admit new members
1200:
The 1823 revolt had a special significance not matched by the earlier
3067:
2905:
2884:
2786:
2766:
2684:
1802:
1228:
1192:
Large slave rebellions broke out in West Demerara in 1795 and on the
1088:
983:
960:
940:
604:
1170:
On 28 April 1812, the British combined the colonies of Demerara and
1087:. Governor van 's Gravesande formed an alliance with the Amerindian
30:
This article is about the former colony. For the sugar product, see
2206:
1851:
1776:
1699:
1614:
1602:
1554:
1155:, which occurred in 1783, restored these territories to the Dutch.
2480:(1994). scholarly study of the Demerara slave rebellion of 1823.
867:
329:
1052:
Demerara grew rapidly, and attracted many English planters. The
3014:
2966:
2812:
2549:
2511:
2337:
2209:
at Statoids.com. Updated 20 June 2011. Retrieved 20 March 2013.
2129:"The distinctive features of the 1823 Demerara slave rebellion"
2458:
Storm van 's Gravesande, Laurens; Villiers, J.A.J. de (1920).
1072:, and in 1782 the capital of the colony. The town was renamed
906:
1136:
of sugar, 5,000,000 pounds coffee and 800,000 pounds cotton.
2073:
2071:
2069:
909:
897:
891:
1835:
1833:
993:
987:
2418:
Beschryving van Guiana, of de wilde kust in Zuid-America
1441:
James Montgomery (acting) (19 October 1805 – 8 May 1806)
3162:
in 1975, Curaçao and Dependencies was renamed to the
2382:, Honolulu, Hawaii: University Press of the Pacific,
885:
2300:"Nieuw Nederlandsch biografisch woordenboek. Deel 7"
903:
888:
152:
British occupation (1781–1782; 1796–1802; 1803–1815)
3129:
3108:
3092:
3076:
3060:
3029:
2981:
2898:
2827:
2746:
2693:
2667:
2641:
2580:
2564:
900:
894:
600:
516:
499:
489:
472:
459:
442:
429:
416:
403:
390:
377:
363:
351:
317:
231:
210:
135:
43:
1028:wanted to settle there and Essequibo was part of
1219:On 21 July 1831, Demerara-Essequibo united with
1063:, 20 miles (32 km) upriver near plantation
982:The name "Demerara" comes from a variant of the
971:. It was located around the lower course of the
656:Sovereign Principality of the United Netherlands
2492:New West Indian Guide/Nieuwe West-Indische Gids
1198:
2380:The Dutch Republic and The American Revolution
2373:. London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans.
1424:Lieutenant governors of Demerara and Essequibo
1147:called it the loss of our Demerary, while the
955:was merged with Berbice to form the colony of
2523:
2151:"The 1763 and 1823 slave rebellions (Part 2)"
1453:(*1764 – †1813) (February 1812 – 11 May 1813)
849:
8:
1966:
1964:
1456:E. Codd (acting) (11 May 1813 – 23 May 1813)
1447:(*1765 – †1821) (8 May 1806 – February 1812)
130:for its exact location (6° 48' N 58° 10' W).
2202:
2200:
2040:Hollandsche historische courant via Delpher
1852:Storm van 's Gravesande & Villiers 1920
1777:Storm van 's Gravesande & Villiers 1920
1700:Storm van 's Gravesande & Villiers 1920
1615:Storm van 's Gravesande & Villiers 1920
1603:Storm van 's Gravesande & Villiers 1920
1555:Storm van 's Gravesande & Villiers 1920
1151:described it as a pleasant reconquest. The
678:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
45:
3026:
3011:
2978:
2963:
2824:
2809:
2561:
2546:
2530:
2516:
2508:
2293:
2291:
2077:
1913:
1911:
1909:
1889:"How Scotland erased Guyana from its past"
1676:"The Rise and Fall of a Barbados Merchant"
1366:, comte de Kersaint (*1742 – †1793) (1782)
1167:, but re-took control of it a year later.
1024:, because the people from the province of
856:
842:
691:
116:
40:
3166:, which was eventually dissolved in 2010.
1810:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1578:
1566:
1413:Antony Beaujon (May 1795 – 22 April 1796)
2432:(in Dutch). The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.
2324:
2089:
1955:
1875:
1863:
1839:
1764:
1752:
1740:
1662:
1590:
1284:(late 18th century–mid 19th century), a
967:and in 1970 it became a republic as the
2298:P.J. Blok & P.C. Molhuysen (1927).
1524:
1391:(acting) (6 March 1784 – February 1785)
1312:Jonathan Samuel Storm van 's Gravesande
705:
694:
614:
27:1745–1803 Dutch colony in South America
1996:
1943:
474:• Demerara-Essequibo merges with
2485:BMGN: Low Countries Historical Review
2180:"37. The Beginning of British Guiana"
2060:
926:
498:
488:
471:
458:
441:
428:
415:
402:
389:
376:
362:
358:
7:
2443:. London: Simpkin, Marshall and Co.
2304:Digital Library for Dutch Literature
1924:Digital Library for Dutch Literature
1540:. Georgetown, Guyana. Archived from
1408:Willem August Sirtema van Grovestins
124:(Note this map has East at its top.)
3154:of the Kingdom of the Netherlands;
1508:Banknotes of Demerary and Essequibo
2814:Colonies and trading posts of the
2551:Colonies and trading posts of the
2437:Schomburgk, Sir Robert H. (1840).
2398:Hadden's Journal and Orderly Books
1976:Middelburgsche courant via Delpher
1795:Early Modern Low Countries Journal
1438:(18 August 1804 – 17 October 1805)
1358:Louis Antoine Dazemard de Lusignan
25:
2426:Netscher, Pieter Marinus (1888).
1432:(September 1803 – 18 August 1804)
661:United Kingdom of the Netherlands
394:Capture of Demerara and Essequibo
1532:Benn, Brindley H. (1962-06-30).
1419:(27 March 1802 – September 1803)
1403:(18 August 1789 – 31 March 1793)
1397:(February 1785 – 18 August 1789)
881:
825:
716:
584:
559:
95:
90:
2875:Sint Eustatius and Dependencies
2478:Crowns of Glory, Tears of Blood
2464:(in Dutch). The Hague: Nijhoff.
1383:Laurens Storm van 's Gravesande
1370:Georges Manganon de la Perrière
1364:Armand Guy Simon de Coëtnempren
1338:(22 April 1796 – 27 March 1802)
1241:Essequibo Islands-West Demerara
1233:Guyanese administrative regions
1149:Hollandsche historische courant
1047:Laurens Storm van 's Gravesande
969:Co-operative Republic of Guyana
2421:, Amsterdam: Gerrit Tielenburg
2014:Leeuwarder Courant via Delpher
1717:"The Wonderful Demerara River"
1468:(26 April 1824 – 21 July 1831)
1318:Laurens Lodewijk van Bercheijk
1194:East Coast of Demerara in 1823
975:, and its main settlement was
959:in 1831. In 1838, it became a
641:Batavian Republic/Commonwealth
381:Raid on Essequibo and Demerara
1:
1462:(23 May 1813 – 26 April 1824)
1278:missionary, mid 19th century.
1259:(1803–1877), Governor of the
939:, now part of the country of
342:Traditional African religions
2499:Journal of Caribbean History
998:, which means "river of the
931:) is a historical region in
1639:"Establishment of Demerara"
1324:Jan Cornelis van den Heuvel
1083:took place in neighbouring
501:• Merged into the new
122:The Demerara colony in 1759
3248:
3018:Kingdom of the Netherlands
2476:da Costa, Emilia Viotti.
1643:Guyana Times International
1410:(31 March 1793 – May 1795)
1265:Colony of British Columbia
1261:Colony of Vancouver Island
1188:Demerara rebellion of 1823
1185:
533:British West Indies dollar
491:• County of Demerara
463:Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814
106:(1627–1792)
29:
3145:
3025:
3010:
2977:
2962:
2934:
2823:
2808:
2560:
2545:
2149:McGowan, Winston (2006).
2127:McGowan, Winston (2000).
2042:(in Dutch). 27 April 1782
2016:(in Dutch). 23 March 1782
1354:(27 February 1781 – 1782)
943:. It was a colony of the
610:
538:
512:
359:
115:
87:
80:
36:Demerara (disambiguation)
3227:Regions of South America
3116:Curaçao and Dependencies
2850:Curaçao and Dependencies
2828:Colonies in the Americas
2816:Dutch West India Company
2553:Dutch East India Company
2415:Hartsinck, J.J. (1770),
2367:Dalton, Henry G (1855).
1972:"Middelburgsche courant"
1702:, p. 40, :The
1330:Paulus van Schuylenburgh
1054:Dutch West India Company
945:Dutch West India Company
935:, on the north coast of
367:Dutch West India Company
365:• Established as a
149:Dutch colony (1792–1815)
144:Dutch West India Company
2899:Trading posts in Africa
2633:Northeast coast of Java
2494:76#3-4 (2002): 243-269.
1120:Conquest and reconquest
994:
988:
627:Dutch colony but was a
338:Afro-American religions
190:Combined with Essequibo
174:Combined with Essequibo
2487:(2012) 127#4 pp 28–55.
2396:Hadden, James (2009).
1978:(in Dutch). 1 May 1781
1513:Pierre Louis de Saffon
1445:Henry William Bentinck
1306:Commanders of Demerara
1245:Upper Demerara-Berbice
1212:
928:[ˌdeːməˈraːri]
922:
873:
158:occupation (1782–1783)
46:
34:. For other uses, see
3152:constituent countries
2685:West coast of Sumatra
2539:Dutch colonial empire
1918:A.N. Paasman (1984).
1489:of Plantation Success
1482:of Plantation Success
1473:Leaders of rebellions
1346:Governors of Demerara
1186:Further information:
1126:Admiral Lord Rodney's
871:
808:Co-operative Republic
529:British Guiana dollar
418:• Colony of the
256:South Asian languages
232:Common languages
3164:Netherlands Antilles
2338:"Demerara-Essequibo"
2010:"Leeuwarder Courant"
1492:1990s: Rampersaud, M
1466:Sir Benjamin d'Urban
1451:Hugh Lyle Carmichael
621:After 1803 it was a
346:Indigenous religions
3199: /
2970:Noordsche Compagnie
2968:Settlements of the
2946:Society of Suriname
2792:Vietnam (1637–1643)
2565:Governorate General
2501:41#1/2 (2007): 142.
2378:Edler, F. (2001) ,
2270:Chronicle World.org
1866:, pp. 149–150.
1569:, pp. 267–268.
1320:(†1765) (1761–1765)
1314:(†1761) (1750–1761)
1174:into the colony of
1139:In 1782 the French
1106:Frederick the Great
651:First French Empire
444:• Joined with
386:24–27 February 1781
248:Guyanese Hindustani
192:as a Colony of the
63:County of Demerara
56:Colony of Demerara
3203:6.8121°N 58.1701°W
2940:Society of Berbice
1704:College of Kiezers
1263:(1851–64) and the
1251:Notable Demerarans
1176:Demerara-Essequibo
1145:Leeuwarder Courant
1005:Brosimum guianense
953:Demerara-Essequibo
874:
646:Kingdom of Holland
580:Demerara-Essequibo
567:Essequibo (colony)
450:Demerara-Essequibo
3182:
3181:
3178:
3177:
3174:
3173:
3160:full independence
3100:Dutch East Indies
3006:
3005:
3002:
3001:
2958:
2957:
2954:
2953:
2804:
2803:
2800:
2799:
2407:978-1-4290-1685-8
2207:Regions of Guyana
2131:. Starbroeck News
1680:Washington Papers
1534:"Guyana the Name"
1503:History of Guyana
1377:Directors-general
1257:Sir James Douglas
866:
865:
832:Guyana portal
819:
818:
690:
689:
596:
595:
592:
591:
572:
571:
260:African languages
16:(Redirected from
3239:
3214:
3213:
3211:
3210:
3209:
3208:6.8121; -58.1701
3204:
3200:
3197:
3196:
3195:
3192:
3167:
3027:
3016:Colonies of the
3012:
2979:
2964:
2944:Governed by the
2938:Governed by the
2825:
2810:
2562:
2547:
2532:
2525:
2518:
2509:
2465:
2454:
2433:
2422:
2411:
2392:
2374:
2353:
2352:
2350:
2348:
2334:
2328:
2322:
2316:
2315:
2313:
2311:
2295:
2286:
2285:
2283:
2281:
2272:. Archived from
2262:
2256:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2236:
2230:
2229:
2227:
2226:
2216:
2210:
2204:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2190:
2176:
2170:
2169:
2167:
2166:
2157:. Archived from
2146:
2140:
2139:
2137:
2136:
2124:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2099:
2093:
2087:
2081:
2075:
2064:
2058:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2032:
2026:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2006:
2000:
1994:
1988:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1968:
1959:
1953:
1947:
1941:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1915:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1899:
1885:
1879:
1873:
1867:
1861:
1855:
1849:
1843:
1837:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1824:
1815:. Archived from
1814:
1803:10.18352/emlc.61
1789:Esther Baakman.
1786:
1780:
1774:
1768:
1762:
1756:
1750:
1744:
1738:
1732:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1713:
1707:
1697:
1691:
1690:
1688:
1686:
1672:
1666:
1660:
1654:
1653:
1651:
1649:
1635:
1618:
1612:
1606:
1600:
1594:
1588:
1582:
1576:
1570:
1564:
1558:
1552:
1546:
1545:
1529:
1430:Robert Nicholson
1237:Demerara-Mahaica
1210:
997:
991:
930:
916:
915:
912:
911:
908:
905:
902:
899:
896:
893:
890:
887:
858:
851:
844:
830:
829:
828:
815:
744:
743:
720:
710:
692:
681:
670:
664:
619:
588:
587:
576:
575:
563:
562:
556:
555:
540:
539:
468:20 November 1815
433:Treaty of Amiens
120:
99:
94:
68:
67:
61:
60:
54:
53:
49:
47:Kolonie Demerary
41:
21:
3247:
3246:
3242:
3241:
3240:
3238:
3237:
3236:
3217:
3216:
3207:
3205:
3201:
3198:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3186:
3185:
3183:
3170:
3149:
3141:
3125:
3104:
3088:
3072:
3056:
3021:
2998:
2973:
2950:
2930:
2894:
2819:
2796:
2742:
2689:
2663:
2637:
2576:
2556:
2541:
2536:
2505:
2473:
2471:Further reading
2468:
2457:
2451:
2436:
2425:
2414:
2408:
2395:
2390:
2377:
2366:
2362:
2357:
2356:
2346:
2344:
2336:
2335:
2331:
2323:
2319:
2309:
2307:
2297:
2296:
2289:
2279:
2277:
2264:
2263:
2259:
2249:
2247:
2246:. 25 March 2019
2238:
2237:
2233:
2224:
2222:
2218:
2217:
2213:
2205:
2198:
2188:
2186:
2178:
2177:
2173:
2164:
2162:
2148:
2147:
2143:
2134:
2132:
2126:
2125:
2121:
2111:
2109:
2101:
2100:
2096:
2088:
2084:
2078:Schomburgk 1840
2076:
2067:
2059:
2055:
2045:
2043:
2034:
2033:
2029:
2019:
2017:
2008:
2007:
2003:
1995:
1991:
1981:
1979:
1970:
1969:
1962:
1954:
1950:
1942:
1938:
1928:
1926:
1917:
1916:
1907:
1897:
1895:
1887:
1886:
1882:
1874:
1870:
1862:
1858:
1850:
1846:
1838:
1831:
1822:
1820:
1788:
1787:
1783:
1775:
1771:
1763:
1759:
1751:
1747:
1739:
1735:
1725:
1723:
1721:Guyanese Online
1715:
1714:
1710:
1698:
1694:
1684:
1682:
1674:
1673:
1669:
1661:
1657:
1647:
1645:
1637:
1636:
1621:
1613:
1609:
1601:
1597:
1589:
1585:
1577:
1573:
1565:
1561:
1553:
1549:
1544:on May 1, 2008.
1531:
1530:
1526:
1521:
1499:
1475:
1426:
1417:Antony Meertens
1401:Albertus Backer
1395:Jan L'Éspinasse
1379:
1352:Robert Kingston
1348:
1308:
1282:John Edmonstone
1253:
1217:
1211:
1209:
1190:
1184:
1182:Slave rebellion
1165:Peace of Amiens
1141:took possession
1122:
1114:Court of Policy
1018:
884:
880:
862:
826:
824:
813:
738:
708:
701:
686:
685:
684:
676:
671:
667:
659:
654:
649:
644:
639:
634:
633:British colony.
620:
616:
585:
560:
505:
492:
482:
465:
452:
435:
422:
409:
399:22 January 1782
396:
383:
373:18 October 1745
370:
244:Guyanese Creole
223:
218:
206:
131:
125:
123:
111:
101:
100:
82:
76:
75:
69:
65:
64:
62:
58:
57:
55:
51:
50:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3245:
3243:
3235:
3234:
3229:
3219:
3218:
3180:
3179:
3176:
3175:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3168:
3146:
3143:
3142:
3140:
3139:
3133:
3131:
3127:
3126:
3124:
3123:
3118:
3112:
3110:
3106:
3105:
3103:
3102:
3096:
3094:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3086:
3080:
3078:
3074:
3073:
3071:
3070:
3064:
3062:
3058:
3057:
3055:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3033:
3031:
3023:
3022:
3015:
3008:
3007:
3004:
3003:
3000:
2999:
2997:
2996:
2991:
2985:
2983:
2975:
2974:
2967:
2960:
2959:
2956:
2955:
2952:
2951:
2949:
2948:
2942:
2935:
2932:
2931:
2929:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2902:
2900:
2896:
2895:
2893:
2892:
2890:Virgin Islands
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2865:New Netherland
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2831:
2829:
2821:
2820:
2813:
2806:
2805:
2802:
2801:
2798:
2797:
2795:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2753:
2751:
2744:
2743:
2741:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2699:
2697:
2691:
2690:
2688:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2671:
2669:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2645:
2643:
2639:
2638:
2636:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2584:
2582:
2578:
2577:
2575:
2574:
2568:
2566:
2558:
2557:
2550:
2543:
2542:
2537:
2535:
2534:
2527:
2520:
2512:
2503:
2502:
2495:
2488:
2481:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2466:
2455:
2450:978-0714619491
2449:
2434:
2423:
2412:
2406:
2393:
2388:
2375:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2355:
2354:
2329:
2327:, p. 280.
2317:
2287:
2257:
2231:
2211:
2196:
2171:
2141:
2119:
2107:British Empire
2094:
2092:, p. 290.
2082:
2065:
2053:
2027:
2001:
1999:, p. 239.
1989:
1960:
1958:, p. 150.
1948:
1936:
1905:
1880:
1878:, p. 143.
1868:
1856:
1854:, p. 311.
1844:
1842:, p. 144.
1829:
1781:
1769:
1767:, p. 310.
1757:
1755:, p. 149.
1745:
1743:, p. 186.
1733:
1708:
1692:
1667:
1665:, p. 128.
1655:
1619:
1607:
1595:
1593:, p. 116.
1583:
1581:, p. 270.
1579:Hartsinck 1770
1571:
1567:Hartsinck 1770
1559:
1547:
1523:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1516:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1493:
1490:
1483:
1480:Jack Gladstone
1474:
1471:
1470:
1469:
1463:
1457:
1454:
1448:
1442:
1439:
1436:Antony Beaujon
1433:
1425:
1422:
1421:
1420:
1414:
1411:
1404:
1398:
1392:
1386:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1373:
1367:
1361:
1355:
1347:
1344:
1342:M. Rampersaud
1340:
1339:
1336:Antony Beaujon
1333:
1327:
1321:
1315:
1307:
1304:
1303:
1302:
1296:
1290:Charles Darwin
1279:
1276:Congregational
1268:
1252:
1249:
1225:British Guiana
1216:
1213:
1207:
1183:
1180:
1153:peace of Paris
1121:
1118:
1081:slave uprising
1043:Fort Zeelandia
1017:
1014:
1010:Demerara sugar
973:Demerara River
957:British Guiana
864:
863:
861:
860:
853:
846:
838:
835:
834:
821:
820:
817:
816:
810:
804:
803:
800:
794:
793:
790:
788:British Guiana
784:
783:
780:
774:
773:
770:
764:
763:
760:
754:
753:
750:
740:
739:
737:
736:
731:
729:Arawak peoples
725:
722:
721:
713:
712:
703:
702:
695:
688:
687:
683:
682:
665:
636:Dutch Republic
613:
612:
611:
608:
607:
602:
598:
597:
594:
593:
590:
589:
582:
573:
570:
569:
564:
552:
551:
546:
536:
535:
521:Spanish dollar
518:
514:
513:
510:
509:
506:
500:
497:
496:
493:
490:
487:
486:
483:
480:British Guiana
473:
470:
469:
466:
460:
457:
456:
453:
443:
440:
439:
436:
430:
427:
426:
425:1 January 1792
423:
420:Dutch Republic
417:
414:
413:
410:
407:Peace of Paris
404:
401:
400:
397:
391:
388:
387:
384:
378:
375:
374:
371:
364:
361:
360:
357:
356:
353:
349:
348:
319:
315:
314:
233:
229:
228:
215:Fort Zeelandia
212:
208:
207:
205:
204:
201:British Guiana
197:
194:United Kingdom
187:
184:United Kingdom
182:Colony of the
171:
168:United Kingdom
166:Colony of the
159:
153:
150:
147:
142:Colony of the
139:
137:
133:
132:
121:
113:
112:
102:
89:
88:
85:
84:
78:
77:
71:
70:
44:
32:Demerara sugar
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3244:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3224:
3222:
3215:
3212:
3165:
3161:
3157:
3153:
3148:
3147:
3144:
3138:
3135:
3134:
3132:
3128:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3107:
3101:
3098:
3097:
3095:
3091:
3085:
3082:
3081:
3079:
3075:
3069:
3066:
3065:
3063:
3059:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3034:
3032:
3028:
3024:
3019:
3013:
3009:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2986:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2971:
2965:
2961:
2947:
2943:
2941:
2937:
2936:
2933:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2916:Loango-Angola
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2903:
2901:
2897:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2832:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2817:
2811:
2807:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2745:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2700:
2698:
2696:
2692:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2672:
2670:
2666:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2646:
2644:
2640:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2593:Banda Islands
2591:
2589:
2586:
2585:
2583:
2579:
2573:
2570:
2569:
2567:
2563:
2559:
2554:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2533:
2528:
2526:
2521:
2519:
2514:
2513:
2510:
2506:
2500:
2496:
2493:
2489:
2486:
2482:
2479:
2475:
2474:
2470:
2463:
2462:
2456:
2452:
2446:
2442:
2441:
2435:
2431:
2430:
2424:
2420:
2419:
2413:
2409:
2403:
2400:. Applewood.
2399:
2394:
2391:
2389:0-89875-269-8
2385:
2381:
2376:
2372:
2371:
2365:
2364:
2359:
2343:
2339:
2333:
2330:
2326:
2325:Netscher 1888
2321:
2318:
2305:
2301:
2294:
2292:
2288:
2276:on 2010-06-10
2275:
2271:
2267:
2261:
2258:
2245:
2244:Atlas Obscura
2241:
2235:
2232:
2221:
2215:
2212:
2208:
2203:
2201:
2197:
2185:
2181:
2175:
2172:
2161:on 2007-09-27
2160:
2156:
2155:Stabroek News
2152:
2145:
2142:
2130:
2123:
2120:
2108:
2104:
2098:
2095:
2091:
2090:Netscher 1888
2086:
2083:
2080:, p. 86.
2079:
2074:
2072:
2070:
2066:
2063:, p. 185
2062:
2057:
2054:
2041:
2037:
2031:
2028:
2015:
2011:
2005:
2002:
1998:
1993:
1990:
1977:
1973:
1967:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1956:Netscher 1888
1952:
1949:
1946:, p. 64.
1945:
1940:
1937:
1925:
1921:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1906:
1894:
1890:
1884:
1881:
1877:
1876:Netscher 1888
1872:
1869:
1865:
1864:Netscher 1888
1860:
1857:
1853:
1848:
1845:
1841:
1840:Netscher 1888
1836:
1834:
1830:
1819:on 2020-09-26
1818:
1813:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1785:
1782:
1778:
1773:
1770:
1766:
1765:Netscher 1888
1761:
1758:
1754:
1753:Netscher 1888
1749:
1746:
1742:
1741:Netscher 1888
1737:
1734:
1722:
1718:
1712:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1696:
1693:
1681:
1677:
1671:
1668:
1664:
1663:Netscher 1888
1659:
1656:
1644:
1640:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1620:
1617:, p. 39.
1616:
1611:
1608:
1605:, p. 40.
1604:
1599:
1596:
1592:
1591:Netscher 1888
1587:
1584:
1580:
1575:
1572:
1568:
1563:
1560:
1557:, p. 38.
1556:
1551:
1548:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1528:
1525:
1518:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1500:
1496:
1491:
1488:
1484:
1481:
1477:
1476:
1472:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1443:
1440:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1427:
1423:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1405:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1389:Joseph Bourda
1387:
1384:
1381:
1380:
1376:
1371:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1349:
1345:
1343:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1309:
1305:
1300:
1299:Andrew Watson
1297:
1294:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1274:(1802–1875),
1273:
1272:Joseph Ketley
1269:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1250:
1248:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1214:
1206:
1203:
1197:
1195:
1189:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1173:
1168:
1166:
1162:
1161:British crown
1156:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1137:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1109:
1107:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1077:
1075:
1071:
1066:
1062:
1057:
1055:
1050:
1048:
1044:
1038:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1007:
1006:
1001:
996:
990:
985:
980:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
937:South America
934:
929:
924:
920:
914:
878:
870:
859:
854:
852:
847:
845:
840:
839:
837:
836:
833:
823:
822:
811:
809:
806:
805:
801:
799:
796:
795:
791:
789:
786:
785:
781:
779:
776:
775:
771:
769:
766:
765:
761:
759:
756:
755:
751:
749:
746:
745:
742:
741:
735:
732:
730:
727:
726:
724:
723:
719:
715:
714:
711:
704:
699:
693:
679:
674:
673:Great Britain
669:
666:
662:
657:
652:
647:
642:
637:
632:
631:
626:
625:
618:
615:
609:
606:
603:
601:Today part of
599:
583:
581:
578:
577:
574:
568:
565:
558:
557:
554:
553:
550:
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2668:Commandments
2642:Directorates
2581:Governorates
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2345:. Retrieved
2341:
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2308:. Retrieved
2303:
2278:. Retrieved
2274:the original
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2248:. Retrieved
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2223:. Retrieved
2214:
2187:. Retrieved
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2159:the original
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2133:. Retrieved
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2110:. Retrieved
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2044:. Retrieved
2039:
2030:
2018:. Retrieved
2013:
2004:
1992:
1980:. Retrieved
1975:
1951:
1939:
1927:. Retrieved
1923:
1896:. Retrieved
1893:The Guardian
1892:
1883:
1871:
1859:
1847:
1821:. Retrieved
1817:the original
1794:
1784:
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1748:
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1724:. Retrieved
1720:
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1679:
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1642:
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1542:the original
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981:
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798:Independence
777:
734:Carib people
668:
628:
622:
617:
549:Succeeded by
548:
543:
485:21 July 1831
322:Christianity
177:
161:
72:
3206: /
3020:(1815–1975)
2994:Smeerenburg
2982:Settlements
2972:(1614–1642)
2926:Slave Coast
2818:(1621–1792)
2750:settlements
2708:Banjarmasin
2695:Residencies
2598:Cape Colony
2555:(1602–1798)
2036:"Vrankrijk"
1997:Dalton 1855
1944:Hadden 2009
1460:John Murray
1385:(1752–1772)
1372:(1783–1784)
1332:(1772–1781)
1326:(1765–1770)
1288:who taught
1286:freed slave
1215:Dissolution
1079:In 1763, a
1002:" (wood of
1000:letter wood
933:the Guianas
707:History of
680:(1800–1802)
675:(1781–1800)
658:(1813–1815)
653:(1810–1813)
648:(1806–1810)
643:(1795–1806)
638:(1792–1795)
544:Preceded by
227:(1782–1815)
222:(1755–1782)
217:(1745–1755)
203:(1838–1958)
196:(1815–1831)
186:(1812–1815)
170:(1803–1812)
146:(1745–1792)
110:(1803–1812)
66:(1838–1958)
59:(1803–1812)
52:(1745–1803)
3221:Categories
3194:58°10′12″W
3137:New Guinea
3130:Until 1962
3109:Until 1954
3093:Until 1949
3084:Gold Coast
3077:Until 1872
3061:Until 1853
3042:Coromandel
3030:Until 1825
2921:Senegambia
2911:Gold Coast
2748:Opperhoofd
2613:Coromandel
2347:6 February
2306:(in Dutch)
2225:2021-03-16
2184:Guyana.org
2165:2006-12-07
2135:2017-08-15
2061:Edler 2001
1823:2020-08-13
1812:1887/67718
1519:References
1267:(1858–64).
1074:Georgetown
1034:Amerindian
977:Georgetown
478:to become
300:Portuguese
199:County of
3191:6°48′44″N
2989:Jan Mayen
2860:Essequibo
2772:Mauritius
2738:Pontianak
2728:Palembang
2310:14 August
2250:11 August
2103:"Berbice"
2046:13 August
2020:13 August
1982:13 August
1929:10 August
1898:12 August
1726:12 August
1685:12 August
1648:11 August
1293:taxidermy
1172:Essequibo
1134:hogsheads
1130:Essequibo
1076:in 1812.
1061:Borsselen
1022:Essequibo
949:Essequibo
802:1966–1970
792:1814–1966
782:1745–1815
772:1650–1689
762:1627–1815
752:1616–1815
748:Essequibo
446:Essequibo
318:Religion
292:Wapishana
220:Borsselen
83:1838–1958
81:1745–1812
3232:Demerara
3156:Suriname
2870:Pomeroon
2855:Demerara
2733:Preanger
2718:Cheribon
2628:Moluccas
2280:15 March
2189:7 August
2112:7 August
1497:See also
1208:—
1070:Stabroek
1065:Soesdyke
995:dumaruni
989:immenary
923:Demerary
877:Demerara
778:Demerara
768:Pomeroon
698:a series
696:Part of
630:de facto
517:Currency
448:to form
326:Hinduism
280:Patamona
276:Arawakan
225:Stabroek
179:de facto
163:De facto
73:Demerara
18:Demerera
3158:gained
3150:Became
3121:Surinam
3052:Suratte
3047:Malacca
2880:Surinam
2845:Cayenne
2835:Berbice
2757:Myanmar
2713:Batavia
2680:Malabar
2659:Suratte
2623:Malacca
2618:Formosa
2603:Celebes
2572:Batavia
2360:Sources
1538:Thunder
1487:Quamina
1221:Berbice
1202:Berbice
1101:Akawaio
1085:Berbice
1030:Zeeland
1026:Holland
1016:History
1008:tree).
814:present
758:Berbice
624:de jure
503:regions
476:Berbice
461:•
431:•
405:•
392:•
379:•
369:colony
352:History
334:Judaism
312:Chinese
304:Spanish
296:Arekuna
268:Macushi
264:Akawaio
240:English
211:Capital
3068:Dejima
3037:Bengal
2906:Arguin
2885:Tobago
2840:Brazil
2787:Tonkin
2767:Dejima
2762:Canton
2723:Malang
2703:Bantam
2675:Bantam
2654:Persia
2649:Bengal
2608:Ceylon
2447:
2404:
2386:
2342:Rulers
1485:1823:
1478:1823:
1406:Baron
1360:(1782)
1243:, and
1229:Guyana
1227:, now
1093:Kalina
1089:Arawak
984:Arawak
965:Guyana
961:county
941:Guyana
709:Guyana
700:on the
663:(1815)
605:Guyana
355:
308:French
284:Warrau
272:Waiwai
156:French
136:Status
2782:Timor
2588:Ambon
1270:Rev.
1097:Warao
986:word
919:Dutch
812:1970–
330:Islam
288:Carib
252:Tamil
236:Dutch
176:as a
2777:Siam
2445:ISBN
2402:ISBN
2384:ISBN
2349:2022
2312:2020
2282:2021
2252:2020
2191:2020
2114:2020
2048:2020
2022:2020
1984:2020
1931:2020
1900:2020
1728:2020
1687:2020
1650:2020
1099:and
508:1958
495:1838
412:1783
128:here
126:See
108:Flag
104:Flag
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