668:, 533 F.3d 143 (2d Cir. 2008). Affirmed a judgment of acquittal entered by the district court following a jury's guilty verdict against a specialist on the New York Stock Exchange charged with securities fraud. Judge Jacobs held that the defendant's alleged interpositioning (trading for his own account ahead of his customersâ), in violation of New York Stock Exchange rules, did not provide a basis for criminal liability under § 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act. Judge Jacobs concluded that the defendant's conduct did not involve the requisite âdeception,â because he did not convey an impression that was misleading to his customers; and the government otherwise failed to produce âproof of manipulation or a false statement, breach of a duty to disclose, or deceptive communicative conduct.â
674:, 494 F.3d 108 (2d Cir. 2007). Plaintiffs brought a § 1983 claim alleging that their First Amendment rights were violated when President Springer of the College of Staten Island canceled a student government election. The district court granted summary judgment in favor of President Springer on qualified immunity grounds. The majority vacated that ruling, holding that there were âdisputed issues of material fact regarding President Springerâs reliance on the election rules.â Judge Jacobs dissented in part, explaining that President Springer was entitled to qualified immunity because her âdecision to re-run the election was . . . not unreasonable in light of clearly established law.â
650:, 653 F.3d 61 (2d Cir. 2011). Vacated the convictions of five business executives who were charged with securities fraud in connection with an allegedly sham reinsurance transaction. Judge Jacobs held that the district court improperly admitted charts showing a decline in AIG's stock price following the revelation of the fraud, which was unduly prejudicial because loss causation was not an element of the charged offenses and the government's use of the evidence âfell outside the natural sequence of what the defendants were charged with thinking and doingâ and was âexploited . . . to emphasize the losses caused by the transaction.â
662:, 585 F.3d 559 (2d Cir. 2009) (en banc). Held that there was no claim for damages against federal employees under Bivens v. Six Unknown Named Agents of Federal Bureau of Narcotics, 403 U.S. 388 (1971), based on an allegation of extraordinary rendition. Judge Jacobs held that ââspecial factorsââsuch as judicial hesitance to intrude in national security affairs, the importance of maintaining the security of classified information, an interest in the appearance of openness in the court system, and the potential for graymailâ counseled against implying a private right of action in this context.
656:, 610 F.3d 168 (2d Cir. 2010). Vacated the defendant's death sentences and remanded the case to the district court for resentencing. Judge Jacobs held that statements made by the prosecution during the sentencing phase of the trial concerning the defendant's failure to plead guilty or to take the stand at trial violated the defendant's Sixth Amendment right to a jury trial, and in combination with the district court's refusal to give a Carter no-adverse-inference jury instruction, violated the defendant's Fifth Amendment right not to testify at trial.
611:, directing on remand issuance of the writ and vacatur of the petitionerâs conviction. The petitioner alleged ineffective assistance of counsel after being convicted of misprision of felony. Judge Jacobs held that âa defense lawyerâs incorrect advice about the immigration consequences of a plea is prejudicial if it is shown that, but for counselâs unprofessional errors, there was a reasonable probability that the petitioner could have negotiated a plea that did not impact immigration status or that he would have litigated an available defense.â
617:, 728 F.3d 149 (2d Cir. 2013). Affirmed grant of summary judgment in favor of municipal entities and officials in a § 1983 action. The defendant alleged that law enforcement violated his Fourth Amendment rights following a visual body cavity search. Judge Jacobs held that the search did not violate âa clearly established federal constitutional rule,â and that âa reasonable officer . . . would not have understood that conducting an otherwise suspicionless visual body cavity search of a person arrested for a felony drug offense was unlawful.â
546:, 882 F.3d 300 (2d Cir. 2018). Judge Jacobs dissented in part from a ruling holding that public access television channels were public forums and therefore bound by the First Amendment. Judge Jacobs reasoned that the defendant was a private entity and not a state actor under the âpublic functionâ test, writing âit is not at all a near-exclusive function of the state to provide the forums for public expression, politics, information, or entertainment.â The U.S. Supreme Court reversed the majority (siding with Judge Jacobs) in
558:, 895 F.3d 238 (2d Cir. 2018). Reversed grant of a § 1782 petition to subpoena documents from a U.S. law firm. In her lawsuit against Royal Dutch Shell in the Netherlands, the petitioner sought documents from discovery in a prior U.S. lawsuit. Judge Jacobs held that such a petition should not be granted âfor documents held by a U.S. law firm in its role as counsel for a foreign client if the documents are undiscoverable from the client abroad, because this would disturb attorney-client communications and relations.â
623:, 711 F.3d 106 (2d Cir. 2013). Affirmed dismissal of healthcare workersâ claims alleging violations of the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) for lack of compensation âfor time worked during meal breaks.â Judge Jacobs ruled that âto state a plausible FLSA overtime claim, a plaintiff must sufficiently allege 40 hours of work in a given workweek as well as some uncompensated time in excess of the 40 hoursâ and that âFLSA does not provide for a gap-time claim even when an employee has worked overtime.â
601:, 577 U.S. 312 (2016)). Held that a Vermont statute and implementing regulation, which required health insurers to file information concerning insurance claims with a state agency, were preempted by the federal ERISA law. Judge Jacobs ruled that âhe trend toward narrowing ERISA preemption does not allow one of ERISAâs core functionsâreportingâto be laden with burdens, subjected to incompatible, multiple and variable demands, and freighted with risk of fines, breach of duty, and legal expense.â
540:, 986 F.3d 161 (2d Cir. 2021). Affirmed dismissal of a claim under § 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The plaintiff, a Bermudan company, alleged misrepresentation of a fee structure after purchasing shares in a Bermudan holding company. Judge Jacobs held that the claims were âso predominantly foreignâ and that âeven if a transaction occurs in the United States, the features and incidents of the transaction may nevertheless be so foreign that it is not regulated by § 10(b).â
738:, 70 F.3d 1420 (2d Cir. 1995). Reversed the district court judgment awarding the plaintiff damages and attorney's fees on her age and gender discrimination claims. Judge Jacobs further held, and the in banc court later upheld, that the plaintiff was not entitled to attorney's fees because âonly a âprevailing party may recover attorneyâs fees and costs in a civil rights action,ââ and the plaintiff prevailed on none of her discrimination claims, despite a finding of pretext.
732:, 77 F.3d 682 (2d Cir. 1996). Held that counsel's prolonged periods of sleeping during his client's criminal trial deprived the client of effective assistance in violation of his Sixth Amendment right to counsel. Judge Jacobs concluded that the criminal defendant suffered prejudice because âhis counsel was repeatedly unconscious at trial for periods of timeâ during which his interests were at stake, and explained that âsleeping counsel is tantamount to no counsel at all.â
577:, 823 F.3d 51 (2d Cir. 2016). Affirmed dismissal of an antitrust claim brought by a drug manufacturer against a competitor firm, which alleged that a âsham citizen petitionâ was filed with the Food and Drug Administration. Judge Jacobs also affirmed grant of summary judgment in favor of the defendant on false advertising claims on the ground that ârepresentations commensurate with information in an FDA label generally cannot form the basis for Lanham Act liability.â
680:, 396 F.3d 161 (2d Cir. 2005). Clarified the requirements for pleading loss causation in securities fraud cases. The plaintiffs claimed that research reports recommending the purchase of shares were materially misleading. Judge Jacobs held that the plaintiffs had not adequately pleaded loss causation because they failed to plead facts showing that the materialization of the allegedly concealed risks caused the stock price declines that led to plaintiffsâ losses.
686:, 286 F.3d 92 (2d Cir. 2002). Held that 19 U.S.C. §1346, which criminalizes âhonest servicesâ fraud, was unconstitutionally vague. Judge Jacobs concluded that the ambiguous statute did not give notice of the forbidden conduct to laymen, or set boundaries to prosecutorial discretion. In 2010, the Supreme Court invoked the constitutional avoidance doctrine to narrow the scope of §1346 to cover only bribery and kickback schemes.
534:, 24 F.4th 759 (2d Cir. 2021). Reversed an order disentitling a defendant charged with violating the Commodity Exchange Act. Citing the collateral order doctrine, Judge Jacobs held that the district court abused its discretion when it disentitled a French citizen whose alleged unlawful conduct occurred entirely outside the United States. The defendant was not a fugitive because she had âneither fled nor concealed herself.â
703:, 219 F.3d 132 (2d Cir. 2000). Held that prison personnel did not enjoy qualified immunity when they refused to treat an inmate's dental cavity unless he consented to the extraction of another tooth. Judge Jacobs held that there was a genuine issue of material fact as to whether the defendantsâ refusal to treat the plaintiff constituted deliberate indifference to serious medical needs in violation of the Eighth Amendment.
589:, 787 F.3d 89 (2d Cir. 2015). Held that an employerâs provision of transcripts and ASL interpreters to a deaf employee constituted reasonable accommodations under the American Disabilities Act and New York state law. Judge Jacobs further ruled that the federal law âimposes no liability for an employerâs failure to explore alternative accommodations when the accommodations provided to the employee were plainly reasonable.â
583:, 809 F.3d 737 (2d Cir. 2016). Vacated, in part, the dismissal of trademark infringement claims for lack of standing. Judge Jacobs held that âthe doctrines of comity and act of state preclude a United States court from invalidating an action of a foreign sovereign with respect to a transfer of rights among its branches or entities on the ground that the transfer is invalid under the law of that foreign sovereign.â
744:, 70 F.3d 746 (2d Cir. 1995). Held that a criminal defendantâs appeal was foreclosed by his plea agreement. Judge Jacobs reasoned that plea agreements are construed according to contract principles; and since the defendantâs appeal did not present policy constraints sufficient to bear upon the enforcement of a contract, dismissal of the appeal was necessary to afford the prosecution the benefit of its bargain.
564:, 883 F.3d 169 (2d Cir. 2018). TVEyes, Inc. had a service that provided clips of Fox content. Fox, the copyright holder, sued for infringement. Rejecting application of the fair use doctrine, Judge Jacobs ruled in favor of Fox on the ground that TVEyes was âunlawfully profiting off the work of others by commercially re-distributing all of that work that a viewer wishes to use, without payment or license.â
709:, 239 F.3d 415 (2d Cir. 2000). Affirmed the district court judgment awarding the plaintiff damages for legal malpractice and fraud against his lawyer. Judge Jacobs concluded that the plaintiff suffered the loss of his claim due to the defendant's negligent untimely filings, and was induced to retain the defendant as counsel because his resume contained intentional and material misrepresentations.
389:
751:
corporation are entitled to be optimistic about their future earnings, and the fact that their predictions turn out to be wrong in hindsight is insufficient to establish scienter. Judge Jacobs also held that the requisite motive to give rise to an inference of fraudulent intent requires more than a general desire to âprolong the benefits of the positionsâ held by executives.
726:, 82 F.3d 551 (2d Cir. 1996). Held that ambiguities in a plea agreement did not permit an inference that the parties intended it to preclude a criminal defendant's appeal of an illegally imposed restitution penalty. Judge Jacobs concluded that since plea agreements are properly construed as contracts, ambiguities therein should be construed strictly against the government.
571:
violation of due process and
Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 23(a)(4), Judge Jacobs held that ânitary representation of separate classes that claim distinct, competing, and conflicting relief create unacceptable incentives for counsel to trade benefits to one class for benefits to the other in order somehow to reach a settlement.â
696:
262 F.3d 101 (2d Cir. 2001). Reversed a jury verdict in favor of the plaintiff against a rival jewelry company for trade dress infringement under the Lanham Act, holding that the claim must be dismissed as a matter of law because the plaintiff failed to identify specific elements of its trade dress,
501:
In 2021, the Chief
Justice appointed Jacobs to the Committee on Codes of Conduct, which has jurisdiction to provide advice regarding the application of the Codes of Conduct for United States Judges, Judicial Employees, and Federal Public Defender Employees, as well as Judicial Conference regulations
750:
25 F.3d 1124 (2d Cir. 1994). Held that âthe aggrieved holder of somewhat less than one share of stock in â failed to plead facts sufficient to raise the strong inference of fraud required to meet the specificity requirements for pleading fraud under Rule 9(b). Judge Jacobs held that executives in a
719:
barred the government's appeal of the district court's judgment of acquittal under 18 U.S.C. §248. Although the district court acquitted the defendants based on its erroneous view that their sincerely held religious beliefs precluded a finding of willfulness, this determination was in its essential
570:
Payment Card
Interchange Fee and Merch. Disc. Antitrust Litig., 827 F.3d 223 (2d Cir. 2016). Vacated class certification and reversed approval of a settlement in an antitrust action involving two classes â one seeking damages and the other equitable relief. Ruling that the class certification was a
517:
Jacobs has also delivered two speeches expressing concern about what he views as a disconnect between the military and the legal elite. The first speech was entitled âThe
Military and the Law Eliteâ and was delivered at Cornell Law School in 2009. The second was entitled âLawyers at Warâ and was
497:
for the employees of the Third Branch, and jurisdiction over the need to create new federal judgeships in the various district and appellate courts of the United States. As chair of that committee, Jacobs directed implementation of the employee dispute resolution program by which discrimination
502:
including the
Regulations on Gifts. The committee provides confidential advice to federal judges and judicial employees regarding compliance with their ethical obligations and publishes advisory opinions to assist in the interpretation of the Codes and regulations.
492:
In 1997, Jacobs was appointed by the Chief
Justice of the United States to the Judicial Resources Committee of the United States Judicial Conference; Judge Jacobs chaired that committee in the years 1999-2004. The committee has jurisdiction over personnel policy,
636:'s classification of same-sex spouses was not substantially related to an important government interest, Section 3 of DOMA violates equal protection and is therefore unconstitutional. The Court held that laws that classify people based on
3136:
3116:
836:
2846:
498:
claims are resolved within the Third Branch, and he testified in
Congress on the need to revamp benefits for the employees of the judiciary and on the need for new judgeships to deal with rising case loads.
1058:
811:
891:
3156:
2704:
293:
2963:
2016:
2133:
1525:
1191:
1017:
987:
898:
328:
249:
134:
111:
68:
37:
2552:
2255:
1824:
1657:
1363:
1094:
1051:
3151:
840:
339:
on
September 29, 1992, and received his commission on October 2, 1992. He served as Chief Judge of the Second Circuit from October 1, 2006 to August 31, 2013. He assumed
3126:
3146:
1044:
360:
1077:
597:
548:
277:
208:
397:
902:
947:
3111:
3131:
697:
and therefore failed to meet the heightened burden of proving distinctiveness imposed on product design plaintiffs under the Lanham Act.
372:
479:
301:
265:
511:
1068:
837:"Chief Judge Dennis Jacobs Delivers Commencement Address at St. John's University's 139th School Of Law Graduation Ceremonies"
321:
460:
432:
309:
514:. The subsequently published manuscript won a Green Bag Award for exemplary legal writing in the short article category.
413:
510:
In 2006, Jacobs delivered a speech entitled "The Secret Life Of Judges" as the 2006 John F. Sonnett
Memorial Lecture at
3141:
1085:
296:
in 1965. From 1967 to 1968, Jacobs was a lecturer in the
English Department of Queens College. In 1973, he earned his
281:
245:
439:
402:
406:
2726:
1952:
1592:
494:
715:, 162 F.3d 732 (2d Cir. 1998). The Second Circuit voted not to re-hear this case en banc after holding that the
1866:
1633:
1435:
1324:
627:
446:
2448:
2063:
1957:
1547:
1415:
952:
633:
3121:
2827:
2797:
2690:
2640:
2119:
2109:
1967:
1476:
1466:
1116:
716:
428:
3071:
3030:
2802:
2670:
2645:
2438:
2241:
1856:
1795:
1754:
1694:
1638:
1597:
1582:
1461:
641:
552:, 139 S. Ct. 1921 (2019), holding that the operator of the public access channels was not a state actor.
3106:
3066:
3061:
3051:
3025:
2807:
2720:
2468:
2397:
2287:
2221:
1780:
1714:
1607:
1587:
1268:
1207:
1177:
336:
269:
2944:
2934:
2792:
2751:
2650:
2619:
2594:
2589:
2498:
2493:
2458:
2428:
2362:
1982:
1962:
1810:
1790:
1770:
1729:
1709:
1699:
1541:
1314:
1263:
1218:
356:
352:
217:
91:
3010:
2903:
2868:
2817:
2736:
2614:
2584:
2513:
2483:
2473:
2387:
2367:
2322:
2302:
2277:
2083:
2048:
2043:
1947:
1942:
1901:
1846:
1734:
1628:
1481:
1430:
1405:
1294:
1289:
1233:
1008:
637:
364:
1036:
2990:
2979:
2939:
2888:
2883:
2771:
2685:
2675:
2599:
2579:
2538:
2433:
2407:
2347:
2312:
2292:
2200:
2185:
2038:
1977:
1911:
1861:
1684:
1673:
1577:
1572:
1557:
1511:
1400:
1334:
1172:
1152:
351:
Jacobs has been awarded the Learned Hand Award for Excellence in Federal Jurisprudence by the
324:
308:
and was a Pomeroy Scholar. He was in private practice from 1973 with the New York law firm of
3035:
2949:
2929:
2898:
2878:
2873:
2731:
2680:
2624:
2478:
2463:
2453:
2372:
2236:
2165:
2099:
1932:
1704:
1552:
1501:
1491:
1379:
1223:
1121:
978:
519:
332:
285:
212:
197:
146:
453:
3015:
3005:
2908:
2832:
2518:
2488:
2392:
2342:
2327:
2307:
2282:
2271:
2231:
2216:
2190:
2149:
2078:
1992:
1972:
1886:
1805:
1800:
1785:
1689:
1602:
1506:
1496:
1425:
1410:
1390:
1349:
1339:
1309:
1304:
1228:
1126:
1110:
1028:
103:
3020:
2995:
2985:
2862:
2812:
2761:
2609:
2533:
2352:
2337:
2332:
2175:
2160:
2155:
2032:
1997:
1987:
1896:
1840:
1775:
1744:
1643:
1567:
1486:
1440:
1385:
1319:
1253:
1238:
1213:
1157:
1131:
998:
368:
289:
221:
158:
930:
792:
3100:
3056:
2822:
2766:
2741:
2665:
2655:
2568:
2508:
2443:
2402:
2382:
2317:
2226:
2180:
2058:
1937:
1916:
1739:
1612:
1562:
1395:
1284:
1258:
1248:
1243:
340:
261:
242:
193:
33:
3081:
3076:
3000:
2746:
2604:
2574:
2503:
2357:
2170:
2114:
2002:
1906:
1891:
1876:
1851:
1749:
1471:
1167:
1162:
297:
225:
769:
2913:
2776:
2756:
2660:
2412:
2297:
2195:
2073:
2068:
2053:
1881:
1871:
1724:
1719:
1679:
1329:
1136:
416:. Contentious material about living people that is unsourced or poorly sourced
2528:
2104:
1420:
1344:
2893:
2523:
46:
2377:
607:, 744 F.3d 44 (2d Cir. 2014). Reversed denial of a petition for writ of
958:
720:
nature factual rather than legal and therefore Double Jeopardy applied.
312:, serving as a partner there from 1980 until his judicial appointment.
355:(2003); the Eugene J. Keogh Award for distinguished public service by
962:
595:, 746 F.3d 497 (2d Cir. 2014) (affirmed by the U.S. Supreme Court in
273:
3137:
United States court of appeals judges appointed by George H. W. Bush
3117:
Judges of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit
942:
812:"In Handing Off Chief Judge Role, Jacobs Says: 'I Kept Up My End'"
522:, in 2012 as the 10th Annual Barbara K. Olson Memorial Lecture.
1040:
382:
581:
Fed. Treasury Enter. Sojuzplodoimport v. Spirits Intâl B.V.
294:
New York University Graduate School of Arts and Science
556:
Kiobel by Samkalden v. Cravath, Swaine & Moore LLP
1018:
United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit
988:
United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit
899:
United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit
632:
12-2335-cv(L); 12-2435 (2d Cir. 2012). Held that the
329:
United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit
250:
United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit
112:
United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit
69:
United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit
38:
United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit
359:(2004); the Outstanding Public Service Award by the
3044:
2971:
2962:
2922:
2854:
2845:
2785:
2712:
2703:
2633:
2560:
2551:
2421:
2263:
2254:
2209:
2141:
2132:
2092:
2024:
2015:
1925:
1832:
1823:
1763:
1665:
1656:
1621:
1533:
1524:
1454:
1371:
1362:
1277:
1199:
1190:
1145:
1102:
1093:
204:
173:
168:
152:
140:
128:
109:
97:
85:
66:
32:
21:
3157:Queens College, City University of New York alumni
621:Lundy v. Cath. Health Sys. of Long Island, Inc.
361:New York Intellectual Property Law Association
1052:
793:"Jacobs, Dennis G. - Federal Judicial Center"
8:
538:Cavello Bay Reinsurance Ltd. v. Shubin Stein
869:19 Cornell J.L. & Pub. Pol'y 205 (2009)
363:(2009); and the James Madison Award by the
3152:Forest Hills High School (New York) alumni
2968:
2851:
2709:
2557:
2260:
2138:
2021:
1829:
1662:
1530:
1368:
1196:
1099:
1059:
1045:
1037:
967:
81:October 1, 2006 â August 31, 2013
18:
787:
785:
783:
480:Learn how and when to remove this message
3127:New York University School of Law alumni
948:Biographical Directory of Federal Judges
886:
884:
575:Apotex Inc. v. Acorda Therapeutics, Inc.
3147:Simpson Thacher & Bartlett partners
761:
549:Manhattan Cmty. Access Corp. v. Halleck
544:Halleck v. Manhattan Cmty. Access Corp.
124:October 2, 1992 â May 31, 2019
562:Fox News Network, LLC v. Tveyes, Inc.
7:
878:22 Stan. L. & Pol'y Rev 1 (2011)
748:Shields v. Citytrust Bancorp, Inc.,
694:Yurman Design, Inc., v. PAJ, Inc.,
640:, like DOMA, should be subject to
14:
810:Hamblett, Mark (30 August 2013).
598:Gobeille v. Liberty Mut. Ins. Co.
327:nominated Jacobs to serve on the
302:New York University School of Law
593:Liberty Mut. Ins. Co. v. Donegan
512:Fordham University School of Law
387:
1069:United States courts of appeals
615:Gonzalez v. City of Schenectady
587:Noll v. Intâl Bus. Machs. Corp.
860:75 Fordham L. Rev. 2855 (2007)
335:. Jacobs was confirmed by the
310:Simpson Thacher & Bartlett
288:degree in 1964. He received a
241:(born February 28, 1944) is a
1:
3112:20th-century American judges
398:biography of a living person
418:must be removed immediately
379:Judicial Conference service
292:in English literature from
282:City University of New York
246:United States circuit judge
3173:
3132:Lawyers from New York City
16:American judge (born 1944)
1075:
1025:
1013:
1005:
995:
983:
975:
970:
690:, 130 S. Ct. 2896 (2010).
688:Skilling v. United States
684:United States v. Handakas
666:United States v. Finnerty
648:United States v. Ferguson
495:compensation and benefits
371:was conferred in 2009 by
304:, where he served on the
232:
164:
117:
74:
54:
43:
28:
742:United States v. Yemitan
736:Fisher v. Vassar College
678:Lentell v. Merrill Lynch
628:Windsor v. United States
532:United States v. Bescond
367:. An honorary degree of
316:Federal judicial service
266:Forest Hills High School
264:, Jacobs graduated from
953:Federal Judicial Center
951:, a publication of the
654:United States v. Wilson
634:Defense of Marriage Act
605:Kovacs v. United States
724:United States v. Ready
717:Double Jeopardy Clause
713:United States v. Lynch
412:Please help by adding
642:intermediate scrutiny
407:references or sources
373:St. John's University
816:New York Law Journal
774:www.ca2.uscourts.gov
770:"Hon. Dennis Jacobs"
337:United States Senate
256:Education and career
1016:Chief Judge of the
701:Harrison v. Barkley
357:New York University
353:Federal Bar Council
331:, vacated by Judge
260:Born and raised in
218:New York University
92:John M. Walker, Jr.
67:Chief Judge of the
3142:Taft School alumni
1084:represent current
1009:John M. Walker Jr.
908:on January 8, 2013
672:Husain v. Springer
638:sexual orientation
396:This section of a
365:Federalist Society
3094:
3093:
3090:
3089:
2958:
2957:
2841:
2840:
2699:
2698:
2547:
2546:
2250:
2249:
2128:
2127:
2011:
2010:
1819:
1818:
1652:
1651:
1520:
1519:
1436:Montgomery-Reeves
1358:
1357:
1186:
1185:
1035:
1034:
1026:Succeeded by
996:Succeeded by
730:Tippins v. Walker
526:Notable decisions
490:
489:
482:
464:
347:Awards and honors
343:on May 31, 2019.
325:George H. W. Bush
236:
235:
188:February 28, 1944
135:George H. W. Bush
3164:
2969:
2852:
2710:
2558:
2261:
2139:
2022:
1830:
1663:
1531:
1369:
1197:
1100:
1061:
1054:
1047:
1038:
1020:
1006:Preceded by
990:
979:Wilfred Feinberg
976:Preceded by
968:
918:
917:
915:
913:
907:
901:. Archived from
896:
892:"Windsor v. USA"
888:
879:
876:
870:
867:
861:
858:
852:
851:
849:
848:
839:. Archived from
833:
827:
826:
824:
822:
807:
801:
800:
789:
778:
777:
766:
707:Baker v. Dorfman
660:Arar v. Ashcroft
520:Washington, D.C.
485:
478:
474:
471:
465:
463:
422:
414:reliable sources
391:
390:
383:
333:Wilfred Feinberg
286:Bachelor of Arts
239:Dennis G. Jacobs
191:
187:
185:
169:Personal details
155:
147:Wilfred Feinberg
143:
131:
122:
100:
88:
79:
59:
23:Dennis G. Jacobs
19:
3172:
3171:
3167:
3166:
3165:
3163:
3162:
3161:
3097:
3096:
3095:
3086:
3040:
2964:Federal Circuit
2954:
2918:
2837:
2781:
2695:
2629:
2543:
2417:
2246:
2205:
2124:
2088:
2064:Jackson-Akiwumi
2007:
1921:
1815:
1759:
1648:
1617:
1516:
1450:
1354:
1273:
1182:
1141:
1089:
1071:
1065:
1031:
1029:Robert Katzmann
1022:
1015:
1011:
1001:
992:
985:
981:
939:
927:
922:
921:
911:
909:
905:
894:
890:
889:
882:
877:
873:
868:
864:
859:
855:
846:
844:
835:
834:
830:
820:
818:
809:
808:
804:
791:
790:
781:
768:
767:
763:
758:
528:
508:
486:
475:
469:
466:
429:"Dennis Jacobs"
423:
421:
411:
392:
388:
381:
349:
318:
258:
216:
192:
189:
183:
181:
180:
179:
153:
141:
129:
123:
118:
104:Robert Katzmann
98:
86:
80:
75:
61:
55:
50:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3170:
3168:
3160:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3099:
3098:
3092:
3091:
3088:
3087:
3085:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3048:
3046:
3042:
3041:
3039:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2975:
2973:
2966:
2960:
2959:
2956:
2955:
2953:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2926:
2924:
2920:
2919:
2917:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2858:
2856:
2849:
2843:
2842:
2839:
2838:
2836:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2789:
2787:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2716:
2714:
2707:
2701:
2700:
2697:
2696:
2694:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2637:
2635:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2564:
2562:
2555:
2549:
2548:
2545:
2544:
2542:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2425:
2423:
2419:
2418:
2416:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2267:
2265:
2258:
2252:
2251:
2248:
2247:
2245:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2213:
2211:
2207:
2206:
2204:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2145:
2143:
2136:
2130:
2129:
2126:
2125:
2123:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2096:
2094:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2028:
2026:
2019:
2013:
2012:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1929:
1927:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1836:
1834:
1827:
1821:
1820:
1817:
1816:
1814:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1767:
1765:
1761:
1760:
1758:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1669:
1667:
1660:
1654:
1653:
1650:
1649:
1647:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1625:
1623:
1619:
1618:
1616:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1537:
1535:
1528:
1522:
1521:
1518:
1517:
1515:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1458:
1456:
1452:
1451:
1449:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1375:
1373:
1366:
1360:
1359:
1356:
1355:
1353:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1274:
1272:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1203:
1201:
1194:
1188:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1181:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1149:
1147:
1143:
1142:
1140:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1106:
1104:
1097:
1091:
1090:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1067:Judges of the
1066:
1064:
1063:
1056:
1049:
1041:
1033:
1032:
1027:
1024:
1012:
1007:
1003:
1002:
999:Steven Menashi
997:
994:
982:
977:
973:
972:
971:Legal offices
966:
965:
956:
938:
937:External links
935:
934:
933:
926:
923:
920:
919:
880:
871:
862:
853:
828:
802:
779:
760:
759:
757:
754:
753:
752:
745:
739:
733:
727:
721:
710:
704:
698:
691:
681:
675:
669:
663:
657:
651:
645:
624:
618:
612:
602:
590:
584:
578:
572:
565:
559:
553:
541:
535:
527:
524:
507:
504:
488:
487:
395:
393:
386:
380:
377:
369:doctor of laws
348:
345:
317:
314:
290:Master of Arts
278:Queens College
257:
254:
234:
233:
230:
229:
209:Queens College
206:
202:
201:
177:
175:
171:
170:
166:
165:
162:
161:
159:Steven Menashi
156:
150:
149:
144:
138:
137:
132:
126:
125:
115:
114:
107:
106:
101:
95:
94:
89:
83:
82:
72:
71:
64:
63:
57:Assumed office
52:
51:
44:
41:
40:
30:
29:
26:
25:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3169:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3122:Living people
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3104:
3102:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3049:
3047:
3043:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2981:
2977:
2976:
2974:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2961:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2927:
2925:
2921:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2864:
2860:
2859:
2857:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2844:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2790:
2788:
2784:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2722:
2718:
2717:
2715:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2702:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2638:
2636:
2632:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2570:
2566:
2565:
2563:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2550:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2426:
2424:
2420:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2273:
2269:
2268:
2266:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2253:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2214:
2212:
2208:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2151:
2147:
2146:
2144:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2131:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2091:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2034:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2014:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1924:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1842:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1822:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1768:
1766:
1762:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1675:
1671:
1670:
1668:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1655:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1626:
1624:
1620:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1543:
1539:
1538:
1536:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1523:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1459:
1457:
1453:
1447:
1446:1 seat vacant
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1381:
1377:
1376:
1374:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1361:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1282:
1280:
1276:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1209:
1205:
1204:
1202:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1189:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1150:
1148:
1144:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1112:
1108:
1107:
1105:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1092:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1074:
1070:
1062:
1057:
1055:
1050:
1048:
1043:
1042:
1039:
1030:
1021:
1019:
1010:
1004:
1000:
991:
989:
986:Judge of the
980:
974:
969:
964:
960:
957:
954:
950:
949:
944:
943:Dennis Jacobs
941:
940:
936:
932:
929:
928:
924:
904:
900:
893:
887:
885:
881:
875:
872:
866:
863:
857:
854:
843:on 2011-08-18
842:
838:
832:
829:
817:
813:
806:
803:
798:
794:
788:
786:
784:
780:
775:
771:
765:
762:
755:
749:
746:
743:
740:
737:
734:
731:
728:
725:
722:
718:
714:
711:
708:
705:
702:
699:
695:
692:
689:
685:
682:
679:
676:
673:
670:
667:
664:
661:
658:
655:
652:
649:
646:
643:
639:
635:
631:
629:
625:
622:
619:
616:
613:
610:
606:
603:
600:
599:
594:
591:
588:
585:
582:
579:
576:
573:
569:
566:
563:
560:
557:
554:
551:
550:
545:
542:
539:
536:
533:
530:
529:
525:
523:
521:
518:delivered in
515:
513:
505:
503:
499:
496:
484:
481:
473:
462:
459:
455:
452:
448:
445:
441:
438:
434:
431: â
430:
426:
425:Find sources:
419:
415:
409:
408:
404:
399:
394:
385:
384:
378:
376:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
346:
344:
342:
341:senior status
338:
334:
330:
326:
323:
315:
313:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
262:New York City
255:
253:
251:
247:
244:
240:
231:
227:
223:
219:
214:
210:
207:
203:
199:
195:
194:New York City
190:(age 80)
178:Dennis Jacobs
176:
172:
167:
163:
160:
157:
151:
148:
145:
139:
136:
133:
127:
121:
116:
113:
110:Judge of the
108:
105:
102:
96:
93:
90:
84:
78:
73:
70:
65:
58:
53:
49:
48:
42:
39:
35:
31:
27:
20:
2978:
2861:
2847:D.C. Circuit
2719:
2705:11th Circuit
2567:
2553:10th Circuit
2270:
2148:
2031:
1953:Suhrheinrich
1839:
1781:Higginbotham
1672:
1540:
1445:
1378:
1299:
1206:
1109:
1086:chief judges
1081:
1014:
984:
946:
910:. Retrieved
903:the original
874:
865:
856:
845:. Retrieved
841:the original
831:
819:. Retrieved
815:
805:
796:
773:
764:
747:
741:
735:
729:
723:
712:
706:
700:
693:
687:
683:
677:
671:
665:
659:
653:
647:
626:
620:
614:
608:
604:
596:
592:
586:
580:
574:
567:
561:
555:
547:
543:
537:
531:
516:
509:
500:
491:
476:
470:October 2022
467:
457:
450:
443:
436:
424:
417:
400:
350:
319:
305:
298:Juris Doctor
270:Forest Hills
259:
238:
237:
154:Succeeded by
130:Appointed by
119:
99:Succeeded by
76:
62:May 31, 2019
56:
45:
34:Senior Judge
3107:1944 births
2449:O'Scannlain
2256:9th Circuit
2134:8th Circuit
2039:Easterbrook
2017:7th Circuit
1825:6th Circuit
1658:5th Circuit
1593:Quattlebaum
1526:4th Circuit
1364:3rd Circuit
1192:2nd Circuit
1095:1st Circuit
1080:· Names in
959:Appearances
912:October 18,
797:www.fjc.gov
609:coram nobis
276:, and from
142:Preceded by
87:Preceded by
3101:Categories
3031:Cunningham
2863:Srinivasan
1963:Batchelder
1912:Bloomekatz
1887:Nalbandian
1735:Engelhardt
1588:Richardson
1208:Livingston
1127:Montecalvo
1023:2006â2013
993:1992â2019
847:2013-04-21
756:References
440:newspapers
306:Law Review
184:1944-02-28
3062:Clevenger
2869:Henderson
2833:J. Carnes
2818:E. Carnes
2803:Edmondson
2737:Rosenbaum
2590:Bacharach
2580:Tymkovich
2484:Silverman
2479:S. Thomas
2464:Kleinfeld
2459:Fernandez
2439:D. Nelson
2434:Schroeder
2408:Johnstone
2393:H. Thomas
2333:R. Nelson
2323:Friedland
2288:Rawlinson
2084:Maldonado
1968:Daughtrey
1862:Kethledge
1801:Barksdale
1715:Higginson
1700:Southwick
1548:Wilkinson
1462:Stapleton
1310:Calabresi
1078:Full list
821:4 October
401:does not
322:President
320:In 1992,
205:Education
120:In office
77:In office
47:Incumbent
2945:Randolph
2940:Sentelle
2935:Ginsburg
2798:Anderson
2742:J. Pryor
2721:W. Pryor
2651:Anderson
2646:Porfilio
2625:Federico
2595:Phillips
2585:Matheson
2534:N. Smith
2499:Fletcher
2308:Christen
2298:M. Smith
2293:Callahan
2186:Erickson
2176:Shepherd
2166:Gruender
2150:Colloton
2120:Hamilton
1998:McKeague
1608:Benjamin
1553:Niemeyer
1406:Restrepo
1391:Hardiman
1380:Chagares
1315:Cabranes
1249:Robinson
1219:Sullivan
1178:Thompson
1153:Campbell
1132:Rikelman
506:Speeches
198:New York
3082:Wallach
3011:Taranto
2930:Edwards
2884:Wilkins
2879:Pillard
2874:Millett
2793:Tjoflat
2772:Brasher
2691:O'Brien
2676:Briscoe
2656:Baldock
2641:Seymour
2620:Rossman
2539:Hurwitz
2519:Clifton
2514:Tallman
2494:McKeown
2474:Tashima
2469:Hawkins
2429:Wallace
2413:de Alba
2398:Mendoza
2388:Sanchez
2373:VanDyke
2368:Bumatay
2363:Forrest
2348:Collins
2328:Bennett
2278:Wardlaw
2272:Murguia
2222:Wollman
2054:St. Eve
2049:Scudder
2044:Brennan
1983:Gibbons
1892:Readler
1867:Stranch
1857:Griffin
1811:Clement
1755:Ramirez
1750:Douglas
1720:Willett
1690:Stewart
1674:Richman
1634:Traxler
1603:Heytens
1598:Rushing
1578:Thacker
1563:Gregory
1502:Fuentes
1492:Rendell
1477:Nygaard
1467:Scirica
1431:Freeman
1396:Shwartz
1264:Merriam
1239:Menashi
1234:Nardini
1117:Kayatta
945:at the
931:FJC Bio
925:Sources
454:scholar
403:include
284:with a
280:of the
248:of the
36:of the
3072:Bryson
3067:Schall
3057:Plager
3045:Senior
3021:Hughes
2991:Lourie
2986:Newman
2972:Active
2950:Rogers
2923:Senior
2914:Garcia
2904:Childs
2899:Walker
2889:Katsas
2855:Active
2828:Marcus
2808:Dubina
2786:Senior
2752:Branch
2747:Newsom
2732:Jordan
2727:Wilson
2713:Active
2686:Murphy
2681:Lucero
2661:Brorby
2634:Senior
2615:Carson
2605:Moritz
2600:McHugh
2569:Holmes
2561:Active
2509:Berzon
2489:Graber
2422:Senior
2338:Miller
2313:Nguyen
2264:Active
2242:Melloy
2237:Arnold
2232:Hansen
2217:Bowman
2210:Senior
2171:Benton
2142:Active
2115:Rovner
2110:Ripple
2093:Senior
2059:Kirsch
2025:Active
1988:Rogers
1978:Gilman
1948:Norris
1926:Senior
1907:Mathis
1897:Murphy
1882:Larsen
1872:Thapar
1841:Sutton
1833:Active
1806:Dennis
1796:Wiener
1764:Senior
1745:Wilson
1740:Oldham
1730:Duncan
1710:Graves
1705:Haynes
1666:Active
1639:Keenan
1622:Senior
1613:Berner
1583:Harris
1534:Active
1512:Fisher
1455:Senior
1426:Phipps
1416:Porter
1401:Krause
1386:Jordan
1372:Active
1350:Carney
1335:Wesley
1325:Parker
1300:Jacobs
1295:Walker
1290:Kearse
1285:Newman
1278:Senior
1259:Nathan
1224:Bianco
1214:Lohier
1200:Active
1173:Howard
1146:Senior
1137:Aframe
1111:Barron
1103:Active
963:C-SPAN
456:
449:
442:
435:
427:
274:Queens
243:senior
200:, U.S.
3052:Mayer
3036:Stark
3026:Stoll
3006:Reyna
3001:Prost
2980:Moore
2813:Black
2777:Abudu
2767:Lagoa
2757:Grant
2671:Kelly
2575:Hartz
2524:Bybee
2454:Trott
2444:Canby
2403:Desai
2358:Bress
2318:Owens
2303:Ikuta
2283:Gould
2201:Kobes
2196:Stras
2191:Grasz
2181:Kelly
2161:Smith
2156:Loken
2105:Flaum
2100:Bauer
2079:Kolar
2074:Pryor
2033:Sykes
2003:White
1958:Siler
1943:Boggs
1902:Davis
1847:Moore
1786:Davis
1776:Jolly
1695:Elrod
1685:Smith
1680:Jones
1644:Floyd
1507:Smith
1497:Ambro
1487:McKee
1472:Cowen
1441:Chung
1421:Matey
1411:Bibas
1340:Lynch
1330:Raggi
1305:Leval
1254:PĂ©rez
1168:Lipez
1163:Lynch
1158:Selya
1122:GelpĂ
906:(PDF)
895:(PDF)
568:In re
461:JSTOR
447:books
300:from
60:
3077:Linn
3016:Chen
2823:Hull
2762:Luck
2666:Ebel
2504:Paez
2383:Sung
2343:Bade
2227:Beam
1993:Cook
1973:Cole
1938:Ryan
1917:Ritz
1877:Bush
1852:Clay
1791:Duhé
1771:King
1629:Motz
1573:Wynn
1568:Agee
1558:King
1542:Diaz
1482:Roth
1345:Chin
1320:Sack
1269:Kahn
1229:Park
1082:bold
914:2012
823:2013
433:news
405:any
174:Born
2996:Dyk
2909:Pan
2894:Rao
2610:Eid
2529:Bea
2378:Koh
2353:Lee
2069:Lee
1933:Guy
1244:Lee
961:on
268:in
3103::
1725:Ho
897:.
883:^
814:.
795:.
782:^
772:.
375:.
272:,
252:.
226:JD
224:,
222:MA
213:BA
196:,
186:)
1088:.
1060:e
1053:t
1046:v
955:.
916:.
850:.
825:.
799:.
776:.
644:.
630:,
483:)
477:(
472:)
468:(
458:·
451:·
444:·
437:·
420:.
410:.
228:)
220:(
215:)
211:(
182:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.