42:
836:
820:
1090:
1072:
218:
86:
61:
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in humans include pain and swelling at the bite site, followed by swelling, chills, sweating, abdominal pain and vomiting, with subsequent slurred speech, difficulty breathing and paralysis. Fatalities have been recorded within three to four hours of being bitten. The venom of the eastern subspecies
1135:
by this species include pain and swelling of the bite site. Systemic effects include generalised swelling, chills, sweating, abdominal pain and vomiting, with subsequent slurred speech, difficulty breathing, and paralysis. Death has been recorded within three to four hours of being bitten; there is
958:
and deforested areas at elevations of up to 2,200 metres (7,200 ft) high, Jameson's mamba is an adaptable species; it persists in areas where there has been extensive deforestation and human development. It is often found around buildings, town parks, farmlands and plantations. Jameson's mamba
734:
and a tail which typically accounts for 20 to 25% of its total length. The total length (including tail) of an adult snake is approximately 1.5–2.2 m (4 ft 11 in – 7 ft 3 in). It may grow as large as 2.64 m (8 ft 8 in). The general consensus is that the
739:
found that males were significantly larger than females. Adults tend to be dull green across the back, blending to pale green towards the underbelly with scales generally edged with black. The neck, throat and underparts are typically cream or yellowish in colour. Jameson's mamba has a narrow and
1686:
Ainsworth, Stuart; Petras, Daniel; Engmark, Mikael; Süssmuth, Roderich D.; Whiteley, Gareth; Albulescu, Laura-Oana; Kazandjian, Taline D.; Wagstaff, Simon C.; Rowley, Paul; Wüster, Wolfgang; Dorrestein, Pieter C.; Arias, Ana Silvia; Gutiérrez, José M.; Harrison, Robert A.; Casewell, Nicholas R.;
1119:
in southern
Nigeria found that both humans and snakes were most active in rural areas during the rainy season, April to August, hence rendering this a peak period for snakebite. As well as succumbing to snakebites, workers were reported to have perished from falling from trees after encountering
1210:
The speed of onset of envenomation means that urgent medical attention is needed. Standard first aid treatment for any bite from a suspected venomous snake is the application of a pressure bandage, minimisation of the victim's movement, and rapid conveyance to a hospital or clinic. Due to the
1019:
Jameson's mamba has been difficult to study in the field due to its arboreal nature and green coloration. It has not been observed hunting but is thought to use a sit-and-wait strategy, which has been reported for the eastern green mamba. The bulk of its diet is made up of
1120:
Jameson's mambas in the canopy of trees in palm oil plantations. Snake bites are rare in cities but more common in forested areas in countries such as the
Democratic Republic of the Congo; the country's poor infrastructure and lack of facilities render access to
744:, which is found in the eastern part of the species' range, features a black tail, while central and western examples typically have a pale green or yellow tail. The thin fangs are attached to the upper jaw and have a furrow running down their anterior surface.
1852:
1219:
is sometimes administered, though the main treatment is the administration of the appropriate antivenom. Trivalent and monovalent antivenoms for the black, eastern green, and
Jameson's mambas became available in the 1950s and 1960s.
931:
is located, as well as in Uganda, Rwanda, and the adjacent
Democratic Republic of the Congo. It is a relatively common and widespread snake, particularly across its western range. Fieldwork in Nigeria indicated the species is
1279:
The strength or toxicity of snake venom is traditionally measured using the LD50 (lethal dose 50%) test; in essence, injecting a certain amount of toxin into number of mice and recording what dose kills half of
1877:
1032:, and toads. There is no evidence they have adapted to hunting terrestrial rodents such as rats, though they have been recorded eating rodents in Kenya, and have accepted them in captivity.
2526:
2482:
2818:
987:
when it feels threatened, and its body shape and length give an ability to strike at significant range. Generally not aggressive, it will typically attempt to escape if confronted.
758:
The number and pattern of scales on a snake's body play a key role in the identification and differentiation at the species level. Jameson's mamba has between 15 and 17 rows of
1689:"The medical threat of mamba envenoming in sub-Saharan Africa revealed by genus-wide analysis of venom composition, toxicity and antivenomics profiling of available antivenoms"
1270:
Snakes of medical
Importance include those with highly dangerous venom resulting in high rates of morbidity and mortality, or those that are common agents in snakebite.
1202:. Although cardiotoxins have been isolated in higher proportions from its venom than other mamba species, their role in toxicity is unclear and probably not prominent.
995:
In
Nigeria males fight each other for access to females (and then breed) over the dry season of December, January and February; mating was recorded in September in the
1736:
2555:
Catalogue of the Snakes in the
British Museum (Natural History). Volume III., Containing the Colubridæ (Opisthoglyphæ and Proteroglyphæ), Amblycephalidæ, and Viperidæ
2735:
2162:
1028:, woodpeckers, doves, squirrels, shrews and mice. Smaller individuals of under 100 cm (40 in) in length have been recorded feeding on lizards such as the
1409:
2774:
1007:
of 5–16 eggs; in
Nigeria laying was recorded from April to June, and most likely soon after November in Uganda. Egg clutches have been recovered from abandoned
2907:
2882:
2434:
2052:
1888:
1198:
and causing an excitatory effect, and are thought to cause symptoms such as sweating. Unlike that of many snake species, the venom of mambas has little
2709:
319:, it is slender with dull green upper parts and cream underparts and generally ranges from 1.5 to 2.2 m (4.9 to 7.2 ft) in total length.
2854:
2748:
1508:
1365:
2260:
Laustsen, Andreas
Hougaard; Lomonte, Bruno; Lohse, Brian; Fernández, Julián; Gutiérrez, José María (2015). "Unveiling the nature of black mamba (
2459:
2129:
2588:
2520:
2238:
2003:
1963:
1792:
1555:
1483:
499:
and a black (rather than green) tail. Analysis of the components of the venom of all mambas places
Jameson's mamba as sister species to the
41:
2902:
2371:
1289:
A monovalent antivenom is specific for one toxin or species, while a polyvalent one is effective against multiple toxins or species.
1187:
1340:
2392:
Gutiérrez, José María; Calvete, Juan J.; Habib, Abdulrazaq G.; Harrison, Robert A.; Williams, David J.; Warrell, David A. (2017).
864:
835:
819:
1191:
740:
elongated head containing small eyes and round pupils. Like the western green mamba, the neck may be flattened. The subspecies
1591:
2859:
2611:
2753:
1688:
1500:
1357:
2557:. London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, printers). xiv + 727 pp. + Plates I–XXV. (
1658:
2154:
2264:) venom through venomics and antivenom immunoprofiling: Identification of key toxin targets for antivenom development".
2087:"Correlation between annual activity patterns of venomous snakes and rural people in the Niger Delta, southern Nigeria"
1993:
1397:
1155:
at 1.2 mg/kg. The reason for this is unclear as the venom compositions are similar between the two subspecies, though
85:
1533:
2393:
2892:
2779:
1112:
1108:
2327:
2310:
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2190:
2897:
2661:
2041:
1947:
1873:
1833:
872:
2078:
1776:
2550:
1925:
1543:
1537:
1089:
1071:
928:
663:
408:
1913:
2623:
267:
2266:
1951:
1693:
1434:
868:
682:
392:
388:
324:
207:
190:
1337:
217:
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1529:
1321:
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1048:
964:
628:
500:
380:
347:
320:
50:
2230:
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2291:
1728:
1471:
1467:
1317:
1163:
1140:
536:
336:
230:
80:
1571:
1115:, although there are few records of snakebites. Field observations over a 16-year period in the
463:
2740:
2564:
2082:
2019:
1772:
1313:
2800:
2766:
2683:
2584:
2516:
2418:
2363:
2332:
2283:
2212:
2121:
1999:
1959:
1788:
1720:
1551:
1479:
940:
896:
876:
796:
339:, and the eastern black-tailed subspecies is found eastern sub-Saharan Africa, mainly western
305:
254:
2675:
2572:
1438:
1309:
2813:
2805:
2474:
2408:
2351:
2322:
2275:
2202:
2111:
2101:
1842:
1710:
1702:
1634:
1199:
1171:
944:
496:
477:
412:
404:
298:
2506:
2787:
2042:"Guidelines for the production, control and regulation of snake antivenom immunoglobulins"
1344:
1216:
996:
800:
2116:
1780:
1612:
1463:
1393:
848:
488:
470:
400:
294:
1162:
Similarly to the venom of most other mambas, Jameson's mamba's contains predominantly
1136:
an unconfirmed report of a child dying within 30 minutes. With an average intravenous
2876:
2761:
1824:
1732:
1547:
1239:
1195:
1183:
1040:
1036:
1004:
804:
759:
455:
427:
70:
65:
2295:
1638:
17:
2845:
2688:
2430:
1575:
1132:
1052:
423:
367:
803:
scales below, the fourth ones located over and under the eye. Its eyes have three
2510:
2478:
2722:
2655:
2279:
1706:
1175:
1167:
1116:
1029:
968:
880:
856:
852:
753:
731:
467:
363:
2646:
1847:
1212:
1179:
1128:
947:
792:
481:
466:
in 1856, and went generally uncorrected by subsequent authors. In 1936, Dutch
359:
332:
328:
2367:
1121:
1025:
1000:
933:
507:
351:
97:
2422:
2336:
2287:
2216:
2125:
2106:
1724:
2606:
2839:
2792:
2640:
2413:
1056:
1044:
960:
951:
924:
916:
892:
301:
157:
137:
117:
1715:
2714:
1008:
955:
912:
736:
396:
290:
127:
1825:"Large elapids and arboreality: the ecology of Jameson's green mamba (
2727:
1917:
908:
904:
860:
449:
437:
107:
2617:
2189:
van Aswegen, G.; van Rooyen, J.M.; Fourie, C; Oberholzer, G (1996).
1338:
https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T13265784A13265793.en
2094:
Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases
1088:
1070:
984:
980:
900:
884:
834:
818:
492:
416:
355:
340:
312:
309:
167:
147:
1823:
Luiselli, Luca; Francesco M. Angelici; Godfrey C. Akani (2000).
1331:
1151:
is more than twice as potent as that of the nominate subspecies
1137:
1021:
888:
2701:
2621:
735:
sexes are of similar sizes, although fieldwork in southeastern
2191:"Putative cardiotoxicity of the venoms of three mamba species"
1261:
A divided scale is one split down the midline into two scales.
1127:
Like other mambas, the venom of the Jameson's mamba is highly
371:
is around twice as potent as that of the nominate subspecies.
927:
to East Africa and chiefly found in western Kenya, where its
443:
431:
967:
and western green mamba, and significantly more so than the
2328:
10.1580/1080-6032(1996)007[0133:BATOTM]2.3.CO;2
2208:
10.1580/1080-6032(1996)007[0115:PCOTVO]2.3.CO;2
2155:"How Snakebites Became an Invisible Health Crisis in Congo"
1958:(1 ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 109.
1170:. Other toxins of the three-finger family present include
730:
Jameson's mamba is a long and slender snake with smooth
1159:
has higher concentrations of the potent neurotoxin-1.
1147:) of 0.53 mg/kg, the venom of the eastern subspecies
983:
it is capable of flattening its neck in mimicry of a
2581:
Field Guide to East African Reptiles, Second Edition
2077:
Akani, Godfrey C.; Ebere, Nwabueze; Franco, Daniel;
2040:
WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardization.
1211:
neurotoxic nature of green mamba venom, an arterial
979:
Jameson's mamba is a highly agile snake. Like other
2829:
2630:
1651:
Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington
2512:A Complete Guide to the Snakes of Southern Africa
1681:
1679:
1677:
1675:
411:where Traill studied. In 1848, German naturalist
2309:Hodgson, Peter S.; Davidson, Terence M. (1996).
1887:. Government of South Australia. Archived from
2311:"Biology and treatment of the mamba snakebite"
2153:Cunningham, Hugh Kinsella (9 September 2019).
1987:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1584:Revue et magasin de zoologie pure et appliquée
391:, a Scottish doctor, zoologist and scholar of
1478:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
795:. Its mouth is lined with 7 to 9 (usually 8)
8:
2352:"Snake Bite: A review of Current Literature"
2350:Dreyer, S.B.; Dreyer, J.S. (November 2013).
2184:
2182:
2180:
2085:; Politano, Edoardo; Luiselli, Luca (2013).
1785:A Field Guide to the Reptiles of East Africa
963:snake, more so than its close relatives the
807:, three postocular and one subocular scale.
2356:East and Central African Journal of Surgery
1443:[sic], a New Species from Demerara"
335:subspecies is found in central and western
2618:
1388:
1386:
1384:
1382:
791:) divided subcaudal scales, and a divided
216:
59:
40:
31:
2412:
2326:
2206:
2115:
2105:
1846:
1714:
859:. In Central Africa it can be found from
754:Snake scale § Nomenclature of scales
473:corrected the spelling to the original.
2583:. London: Bloomsbury Wildlife. 624 pp.
2195:Wilderness & Environmental Medicine
1767:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1753:
1509:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
1366:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
1302:
1254:
1035:The main predators of this species are
426:. The generic name is derived from the
2241:from the original on 15 September 2009
2035:
2033:
1878:"Key to the Snakes of South Australia"
1818:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1804:
827:navigating a tree, Korup National Park
600:Jameson's mamba – eastern subspecies (
583:Jameson's mamba – western subspecies (
2515:. Penguin Random House South Africa.
2315:Wilderness and Environmental Medicine
2058:from the original on 14 February 2020
1992:Spawls, Steve; Branch, Bill (2020) .
1453:: 53–55 – via Internet Archive.
1429:
1427:
799:scales above and 8 to 10 (usually 9)
487:, from a specimen collected from the
422:, designating Jameson's mamba as the
7:
2049:WHO Technical Report Series, No. 964
1956:Snakes of Central and Western Africa
1615:(1936). "Herpetological note XIII".
1412:from the original on 4 November 2013
1192:voltage-dependent potassium channels
1099:from beneath, showing ventral scales
903:. In East Africa it can be found in
2908:Taxa named by Thomas Stewart Traill
2883:IUCN Red List least concern species
1829:in an Afrotropical forested region"
1447:Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal
1334:Red List of Threatened Species 2021
1107:Jameson's mamba is classified as a
1024:and tree-dwelling mammals, such as
654:
576:
569:
562:
527:
520:
513:
2026:. Facts on File, Inc. p. 164.
1922:Australian Reptile Online Database
1347:. Downloaded on 18 September 2021.
1093:
1075:
1051:. Other predators may include the
785:
778:
771:
763:
25:
2165:from the original on 31 July 2021
1928:from the original on 2 March 2021
1476:The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles
847:Jameson's mamba occurs mostly in
354:mainly on birds and mammals. Its
2605:
1998:. Bloomsbury. pp. 123–125.
1787:. Bloomsbury. pp. 463–464.
1578:Note sure les Reptiles du Gabon
1233:
883:. In West Africa it ranges from
865:Democratic Republic of the Congo
770:) or 202 to 227 ventral scales (
403:, Traill's contemporary and the
84:
2529:from the original on 2021-12-16
2488:from the original on 2021-09-18
2440:from the original on 2020-11-25
2374:from the original on 2021-08-25
2135:from the original on 2017-08-13
1855:from the original on 2021-12-16
1739:from the original on 2020-10-06
1661:from the original on 2016-03-05
1639:"New tree snakes of the genera
1594:from the original on 2021-08-03
1055:, other snakes, and species of
327:in 1843, it has two recognised
2401:Nature Reviews Disease Primers
1995:The Dangerous Snakes of Africa
1081:, the more venomous subspecies
495:, observing that it had fewer
458:'). The genus was misspelt as
1:
1111:in Sub-Saharan Africa by the
999:in Kenya. Jameson's mamba is
2479:10.18773/austprescr.2012.069
1572:Duméril, Auguste Henri André
450:
438:
2280:10.1016/j.jprot.2015.02.002
1707:10.1016/j.jprot.2017.08.016
1182:. Dendrotoxins are akin to
1109:Snake of Medical Importance
476:In 1936, British biologist
304:. The species is native to
2924:
2903:Reptiles described in 1843
1918:"snake scale count search"
875:, and as far north as the
751:
444:
432:
407:of Natural History at the
379:Jameson's mamba was first
2237:. University of Bristol.
1848:10.1163/18759866-06903001
1687:Calvete, Juan J. (2018).
1113:World Health Organization
678:
659:
652:
624:
598:
581:
574:
567:
560:
532:
525:
518:
236:
229:
225:Range of Jameson's mamba
224:
215:
196:
189:
81:Scientific classification
79:
57:
48:
39:
34:
1876:; Williams, Ian (2018).
1834:Contributions to Zoology
1617:Zoologische Mededelingen
1336:: e.T13265784A13265793.
873:Central African Republic
811:Distribution and habitat
762:at midbody, 210 to 236 (
1948:Chippaux, Jean-Philippe
1885:South Australian Museum
1544:Oxford University Press
1539:A Greek-English Lexicon
855:, and in some parts of
664:Dendroaspis angusticeps
602:Dendroaspis j. kaimosae
585:Dendroaspis j. jamesoni
409:University of Edinburgh
323:by Scottish naturalist
2394:"Snakebite envenoming"
2107:10.1186/1678-9199-19-2
1613:Brongersma, Leo Daniel
1100:
1082:
840:
828:
375:Taxonomy and etymology
2467:Australian Prescriber
2267:Journal of Proteomics
2262:Dendroaspis polylepis
1827:Dendroaspis jamesoni)
1694:Journal of Proteomics
1542:(Abridged ed.).
1530:Liddell, Henry George
1092:
1074:
975:Behaviour and ecology
869:Republic of the Congo
839:Dorsal view of scales
838:
822:
683:Dendroaspis polylepis
661:eastern green mamba (
626:western green mamba (
504:(Dendroaspis viridis)
393:medical jurisprudence
2676:Dendroaspis_jamesoni
2662:Dendroaspis jamesoni
2632:Dendroaspis jamesoni
2614:at Wikimedia Commons
2612:Dendroaspis jamesoni
2593:Dendroaspis jamesoni
2559:Dendraspis jamesonii
2414:10.1038/nrdp.2017.63
2051:. pp. 224–226.
1488:Dendroaspis jamesoni
1439:"Description of the
1406:The Reptile Database
1400:Dendroaspis jamesoni
1360:Dendroaspis jamesoni
1326:Dendroaspis jamesoni
1003:; the female lays a
921:D. jamesoni kaimosae
742:D. jamesoni kaimosae
485:D. jamesoni kaimosae
462:by French zoologist
285:Dendroaspis jamesoni
262:Dendroaspis jamesoni
200:Dendroaspis jamesoni
18:Dendroaspis jamesoni
2458:Whyte, Ian (2012).
2235:School of Chemistry
2024:Snakes of the World
1215:may be beneficial.
1190:that interact with
1188:protease inhibitors
1049:Congo serpent eagle
965:eastern green mamba
629:Dendroaspis viridis
501:western green mamba
249:Dendraspis jamesoni
51:Conservation status
2460:"Antivenom update"
1914:Macdonald, Stewart
1647:from Kenya Colony"
1343:2021-12-16 at the
1166:agents as well as
1164:three-finger toxin
1141:median lethal dose
1101:
1083:
1015:Diet and predators
863:northwards to the
841:
829:
537:Ophiophagus hannah
506:, as shown in the
350:, Jameson's mamba
337:sub-Saharan Africa
308:. A member of the
2870:
2869:
2801:Open Tree of Life
2624:Taxon identifiers
2610:Media related to
2589:978-1-399-40481-5
2522:978-1-920544-64-5
2005:978-1-4729-6028-3
1965:978-1-4214-2719-5
1794:978-0-7136-6817-9
1635:Loveridge, Arthur
1557:978-0-19-910207-5
1484:978-1-4214-0135-5
1242:
1240:Snakes portal
1105:
1104:
919:. The subspecies
897:Equatorial Guinea
877:Imatong Mountains
845:
844:
722:
721:
713:
712:
704:
703:
695:
694:
641:
640:
613:
612:
549:
548:
358:consists of both
306:equatorial Africa
277:
276:
74:
16:(Redirected from
2915:
2893:Snakes of Africa
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2010:
2009:
1989:
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1944:
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1901:
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1874:Hutchinson, Mark
1870:
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1491:
1472:Grayson, Michael
1468:Watkins, Michael
1461:
1455:
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1431:
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1390:
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1287:
1281:
1277:
1271:
1268:
1262:
1259:
1238:
1237:
1236:
1231:
1200:phospholipase A2
1172:alpha-neurotoxin
1095:
1077:
1067:
1066:
1039:, including the
815:
814:
787:
784:) or 94 to 113 (
780:
773:
765:
655:
577:
570:
563:
528:
521:
514:
497:subcaudal scales
480:described a new
478:Arthur Loveridge
453:
447:
446:
441:
435:
434:
413:Hermann Schlegel
405:Regius Professor
399:is in honour of
397:specific epithet
271:
258:
245:
220:
202:
182:D. jamesoni
89:
88:
68:
63:
62:
44:
35:Jameson's mamba
32:
27:Species of snake
21:
2923:
2922:
2918:
2917:
2916:
2914:
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2912:
2898:Venomous snakes
2873:
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2788:Observation.org
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2595:, pp. 562-564).
2561:, pp. 436–437).
2547:
2545:Further reading
2542:
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2505:
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2188:
2187:
2178:
2168:
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2159:Pulitzer Center
2152:
2151:
2147:
2138:
2136:
2132:
2089:
2083:Petrozzi, Fabio
2079:Eniang, Edem A.
2076:
2075:
2071:
2061:
2059:
2055:
2044:
2039:
2038:
2031:
2020:Mattison, Chris
2018:
2017:
2013:
2006:
1991:
1990:
1973:
1966:
1946:
1945:
1941:
1931:
1929:
1912:
1911:
1907:
1897:
1895:
1894:on 18 July 2019
1891:
1880:
1872:
1871:
1867:
1858:
1856:
1822:
1821:
1802:
1795:
1775:; Howell, Kim;
1773:Spawls, Stephen
1771:
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1751:
1742:
1740:
1685:
1684:
1673:
1664:
1662:
1633:
1632:
1628:
1611:
1610:
1606:
1597:
1595:
1590:(8): 553–562 .
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1511:
1499:
1498:
1494:
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1432:
1425:
1415:
1413:
1402:(Traill, 1843)"
1392:
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1345:Wayback Machine
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997:Kakamega Forest
993:
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813:
756:
750:
728:
723:
714:
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696:
642:
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550:
464:Auguste Duméril
377:
280:Jameson's mamba
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2831:Elaps jamesoni
2827:
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2810:
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2758:
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2719:
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2600:External links
2598:
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2540:
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2521:
2498:
2473:(5): 152–155.
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2321:(2): 133–145.
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2029:
2011:
2004:
1971:
1964:
1939:
1905:
1865:
1841:(3): 147–155.
1800:
1793:
1777:Drewes, Robert
1749:
1671:
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1604:
1563:
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1521:
1492:
1456:
1441:Elaps Jamesoni
1435:Traill, Thomas
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1217:Tetanus toxoid
1207:
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1194:, stimulating
1144:
1131:. Symptoms of
1103:
1102:
1085:
1084:
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1061:
1016:
1013:
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989:
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849:Central Africa
843:
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519:
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489:Kaimosi Forest
471:Leo Brongersma
442:, 'tree') and
401:Robert Jameson
385:Elaps jamesoni
376:
373:
366:. Symptoms of
346:Predominantly
295:venomous snake
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2507:Marais, Johan
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2231:"Snake Venom"
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1586:(in French).
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929:type locality
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887:eastwards to
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760:dorsal scales
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680:black mamba (
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502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
483:
479:
474:
472:
469:
468:herpetologist
465:
461:
457:
452:
440:
429:
428:Ancient Greek
425:
421:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
389:Thomas Traill
386:
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374:
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369:
365:
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325:Thomas Traill
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191:Binomial name
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92:
87:
82:
78:
72:
67:
66:Least Concern
56:
52:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
2830:
2631:
2592:
2580:
2558:
2554:
2551:Boulenger GA
2531:. Retrieved
2511:
2501:
2490:. Retrieved
2470:
2466:
2453:
2442:. Retrieved
2407:(3): 17063.
2404:
2400:
2387:
2376:. Retrieved
2362:(3): 45–52.
2359:
2355:
2345:
2318:
2314:
2304:
2271:
2265:
2261:
2255:
2245:18 September
2243:. Retrieved
2234:
2225:
2198:
2194:
2167:. Retrieved
2158:
2148:
2137:. Retrieved
2097:
2093:
2072:
2060:. Retrieved
2048:
2023:
2014:
1994:
1955:
1942:
1930:. Retrieved
1921:
1908:
1896:. Retrieved
1889:the original
1884:
1868:
1857:. Retrieved
1838:
1832:
1826:
1784:
1741:. Retrieved
1716:10261/279110
1698:
1692:
1663:. Retrieved
1654:
1650:
1644:
1640:
1629:
1620:
1616:
1607:
1596:. Retrieved
1587:
1583:
1577:
1566:
1538:
1524:
1512:. Retrieved
1502:
1495:
1487:
1475:
1459:
1450:
1446:
1440:
1414:. Retrieved
1405:
1399:
1369:. Retrieved
1359:
1352:
1329:
1325:
1318:Branch, W.R.
1310:Luiselli, L.
1305:
1285:
1275:
1266:
1257:
1230:
1229:
1209:
1176:cardiotoxins
1168:dendrotoxins
1161:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1133:envenomation
1126:
1106:
1096:
1078:
1053:honey badger
1034:
1030:common agama
1018:
994:
978:
959:is a highly
938:
920:
846:
824:
788:
781:
774:
767:
757:
741:
729:
681:
679:
662:
660:
627:
625:
601:
599:
584:
582:
535:
534:king cobra (
533:
503:
484:
475:
459:
424:type species
419:
415:created the
384:
378:
368:envenomation
364:cardiotoxins
345:
316:
284:
283:
279:
278:
261:
248:
244:Traill, 1843
239:
199:
197:
181:
180:
168:
29:
2888:Dendroaspis
2723:iNaturalist
2656:Wikispecies
2274:: 126–142.
1781:Ashe, James
1701:: 173–189.
1546:. pp.
1503:Dendroaspis
1464:Beolens, Bo
1394:Uetz, Peter
1180:fasciculins
1124:difficult.
1117:Niger Delta
969:black mamba
948:rainforests
891:, Nigeria,
881:South Sudan
857:East Africa
853:West Africa
797:supralabial
726:Description
491:in western
420:Dendroaspis
387:in 1843 by
360:neurotoxins
317:Dendroaspis
169:Dendroaspis
2877:Categories
2846:Q109522014
2533:2021-07-31
2492:2021-09-18
2444:2021-03-10
2378:2021-08-25
2139:2021-03-10
1859:2021-07-31
1743:2020-01-29
1665:2018-02-20
1645:Dendraspis
1598:2021-08-03
1514:9 December
1490:, p. 133).
1322:Howell, K.
1314:Wagner, P.
1297:References
1213:tourniquet
1129:neurotoxic
1047:, and the
1026:cisticolas
1011:colonies.
793:anal scale
752:See also:
482:subspecies
460:Dendraspis
329:subspecies
293:of highly
144:Suborder:
2577:Menegon M
2368:2073-9990
2062:1 January
1898:19 August
1733:217018550
1657:: 63–66.
1324:(2021). "
1206:Treatment
1122:antivenom
1001:oviparous
954:, forest-
945:secondary
939:Found in
934:sedentary
907:, Kenya,
805:preocular
801:sublabial
748:Scalation
508:cladogram
381:described
321:Described
176:Species:
148:Serpentes
104:Kingdom:
98:Eukaryota
2840:Wikidata
2819:jamesoni
2767:13265784
2741:10373713
2647:Q1681355
2641:Wikidata
2579:(2018).
2573:Hinkel H
2569:Howell K
2565:Spawls S
2553:(1896).
2527:Archived
2509:(2011).
2483:Archived
2435:Archived
2423:28905944
2372:Archived
2337:11990107
2296:42454467
2288:25688917
2239:Archived
2217:11990104
2163:Archived
2130:Archived
2126:23849681
2100:(1): 2.
2053:Archived
2022:(1987).
1954:(2019).
1926:Archived
1853:Archived
1783:(2002).
1737:Archived
1725:28843532
1659:Archived
1641:Thrasops
1637:(1936).
1592:Archived
1574:(1856).
1548:109, 154
1536:(1980).
1474:(2011).
1437:(1843).
1416:27 April
1410:Archived
1341:Archived
1224:See also
1157:kaimosae
1153:jamesoni
1149:kaimosae
1097:kaimosae
1079:kaimosae
1057:mongoose
1045:bateleur
991:Breeding
961:arboreal
952:woodland
917:Tanzania
893:Cameroon
825:jamesoni
789:kaimosae
782:jamesoni
775:kaimosae
768:jamesoni
348:arboreal
333:nominate
302:Elapidae
231:Synonyms
158:Elapidae
154:Family:
138:Squamata
128:Reptilia
118:Chordata
114:Phylum:
108:Animalia
94:Domain:
71:IUCN 3.1
2860:1057817
2715:2469880
2431:4916503
2169:31 July
2117:3707103
1371:8 March
1009:termite
956:savanna
941:primary
925:endemic
913:Burundi
823:Subsp.
737:Nigeria
510:below.
439:dendron
433:δένδρον
297:in the
291:species
268:Schmidt
255:Günther
210:, 1843)
164:Genus:
134:Order:
124:Class:
69: (
2806:109062
2754:700482
2702:795079
2587:
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2429:
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1554:
1482:
1186:-type
1184:kunitz
1138:murine
1094:Subsp.
1076:Subsp.
1005:clutch
981:mambas
909:Rwanda
905:Uganda
861:Angola
786:Subsp.
779:Subsp.
772:Subsp.
764:Subsp.
732:scales
430:words
395:. The
331:. The
299:family
270:, 1923
257:, 1858
208:Traill
2793:98901
2736:IRMNG
2728:30408
2689:34M6P
2486:(PDF)
2463:(PDF)
2438:(PDF)
2427:S2CID
2397:(PDF)
2292:S2CID
2133:(PDF)
2090:(PDF)
2056:(PDF)
2045:(PDF)
1932:3 May
1892:(PDF)
1881:(PDF)
1729:S2CID
1280:them.
1249:Notes
1063:Venom
1022:birds
985:cobra
901:Gabon
885:Ghana
493:Kenya
451:aspis
445:ἀσπίς
417:genus
356:venom
352:preys
341:Kenya
313:genus
310:mamba
289:is a
2855:ITIS
2780:8623
2775:NCBI
2762:IUCN
2749:ITIS
2710:GBIF
2585:ISBN
2517:ISBN
2419:PMID
2364:ISSN
2333:PMID
2284:PMID
2247:2021
2213:PMID
2171:2021
2122:PMID
2064:2019
2000:ISBN
1960:ISBN
1934:2019
1900:2021
1789:ISBN
1721:PMID
1643:and
1552:ISBN
1516:2013
1480:ISBN
1418:2012
1373:2015
1332:IUCN
1330:The
1178:and
943:and
915:and
899:and
889:Togo
851:and
362:and
2697:EoL
2684:CoL
2671:ADW
2591:. (
2475:doi
2409:doi
2323:doi
2276:doi
2272:119
2203:doi
2112:PMC
2102:doi
1843:doi
1711:hdl
1703:doi
1699:172
1486:. (
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