31:
53:
1853:(2003). DNA data and Orchidaceae systematics: a new phylogenetic classification. pp. 69–89, in Dixon, K. M., S. P. Kell, R. L. Barrett, and P. J. Cribb . Orchid conservation. Natural History Publications, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
264:
are terminal or axillary and spread across the stalk. The gynostemium is firm, with a clear foot. The anther is bent. The two or four pollinia are naked, they contain no viscidium, just like the
1728:"An overview of the phylogenetic relationships within Epidendroideae inferred from multiple DNA regions and recircumscription of Epidendreae and Arethuseae (Orchidaceae)(abstract)"
230:, which are both among the largest genera of orchids, and are common in cultivation. Previously, other genera were included in the tribe, which are now subsumed in
1967:
1616:
In their 2015 taxonomic review of
Orchidaceae, Chase and colleagues relegated tribe Dendrobieae to a subtribe, Dendrobiinae, which they placed in tribe
1941:
1754:(2003): Molecular phylogenetic systematics in the Dendrobiinae (Orchidaceae), with emphasis on Dendrobium section Pedilonum. Telopea 10: 247 - 298
1794:
Chase, Mark W.; Cameron, Kenneth M.; Freudenstein, John V.; Pridgeon, Alec M.; Salazar, Gerardo; van den Berg, Cássio; Schuiteman, André (2015).
257:
present, with leaves at the top; sometimes the species lacks pseudobulbs and the leaves are spread across the stem or the plant is leafless.
1765:
1696:
Cameron, K.M.; Chase, M.W.; Whitten, W.M.; Kores, P.J.; Jarrell, D.C.; Albert, V.A.; Yukawa, T.; Hills, H.G.; Goldman, D.H. (1999).
1684:
1745:[https://web.archive.org/web/20110329190821/http://www.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/72723/Tel10Cle247.pdf Archived
1727:
1954:
1032:
research, it was found that in the future, even more monophyletic groups could be identified in the future as separate genera.
2026:
1697:
1915:
1946:
52:
2031:
1972:
1744:
1859:(2005) Classification of Orchidaceae in the Age of DNA data, Curtis's Botanical Magazine, Volume 22 (1): 2–7.
1444:
30:
1928:
1920:
1868:
315:
1726:
van den Berg, C.; Goldman, D.H.; Freudenstein, J.V.; Pridgeon, A.M.; Cameron, K.M.; Chase, M.W. (2005).
311:
303:
1933:
1314:
1308:
2021:
1025:
species of the former giant genus, totalling over 450 species, and several genera separated from it.
953:
1383:
1357:
1166:
1142:
1007:
980:
47:
1847:(1993) Phylogeny And Classification Of The Orchid Family, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
1516:
1980:
1817:
1680:
154:
39:
1906:
1731:
1985:
1807:
1773:
1474:
1748:
90:
1534:
1456:
1100:
1048:
965:
924:
918:
797:
636:
502:
347:
192:
133:
77:
1632:
were treated in a broad sense and the genera proposed by earlier authors synonymised.
302:
is still under discussion. The group has been described with the composition below by
2015:
1698:"A phylogenetic analysis of the Orchidaceae: evidence from rbcL nucleotide sequences"
1558:
1510:
1402:
1332:
936:
930:
900:
828:
103:
1622:
1582:
1564:
1546:
1522:
1498:
1420:
1282:
1183:
961:
906:
894:
864:
858:
852:
846:
834:
816:
612:
549:
517:
464:
307:
226:
170:
148:
1705:
1649:
1900:
1576:
1492:
1468:
1438:
1426:
1396:
1296:
1242:
1094:
1070:
1000:
969:
882:
757:
393:
369:
325:
282:
254:
212:
196:
113:
1891:
1628:
1617:
1570:
1528:
1504:
1486:
1462:
1432:
1370:
1338:
1326:
1320:
1254:
1236:
1106:
1064:
976:
810:
769:
751:
653:
588:
479:
424:
363:
266:
220:
177:
1821:
1540:
1480:
1344:
888:
876:
870:
822:
320:
250:
208:
1998:
1993:
1885:
1594:
1588:
1450:
1408:
329:
204:
1552:
1414:
1248:
912:
840:
763:
564:
261:
1812:
1795:
1600:
1302:
123:
1862:
1959:
1851:
Chase, M.W., Cameron, K.M., Barrett, R.L. & Freudenstein, J.V.
64:
1766:"Molecular phylogenetic systematics in Dendrobieae (Orchidaceae)"
1651:
Lindleyana: The
Scientific Journal of the American Orchid Society
1022:
1866:
253:
orchids. The roots are covered by velamen. There are usually
952:
In various studies in 2003 and 2006 based on DNA analysis,
294:
Taxonomy according to
Dressler, Cameron and van den Berg
1006:-species were split into a new set of genera in the
1875:
1677:Phylogeny and Classification of the Orchid Family
991:is split further: The species of the section
318:et al. (2000). However, they moved the genus
8:
1863:
1796:"An updated classification of Orchidaceae"
29:
20:
1811:
1800:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
1679:. S. 105ff. Cambridge University Press,
1641:
328:. As a result, the tribe contained two
979:in a separate monophyletic subtribe,
338:' s phylogenetics can be seen below:
332:, 27 genera and about 3,000 species.
7:
1158:
1134:
1122:
1086:
1056:
1042:
628:
604:
580:
556:
509:
471:
459:
452:
440:
416:
409:
385:
355:
341:
1772:. pp. 465–480. Archived from
1704:. pp. 208–224. Archived from
1017:subtribe then contained the genus
14:
310:group. This was investigated by
51:
218:The tribe contains two genera,
948:Taxonomy according to Clements
1:
968:was positioned earlier while
1841:(1837) Genera Plantarum 190.
306:(1993), but appears to be a
191:is a tribe in the subfamily
1612:Taxonomy according to Chase
2048:
1764:Clements, Mark A. (2006).
1702:American Journal of Botany
972:in its original position.
1233:
1180:
1163:
1156:
1139:
1132:
1120:
1091:
1084:
1061:
1054:
960:to be placed in the more
748:
650:
633:
626:
609:
602:
585:
578:
561:
554:
514:
507:
476:
469:
457:
450:
438:
421:
414:
407:
390:
383:
360:
353:
166:
161:
48:Scientific classification
46:
37:
28:
23:
956:called for a review of
1035:The pedigree chart of
211:orchids which contain
2027:Epidendroideae tribes
1039:can be found below:
975:He placed the genus
1654:. The Society. 1999
1021:which includes the
1747:2011-03-29 at the
1673:Robert L. Dressler
1620:. The two genera,
995:were placed under
314:et al. (1999) and
249:are mostly small,
2032:Pantropical flora
2009:
2008:
1981:Open Tree of Life
1869:Taxon identifiers
1813:10.1111/boj.12234
1275:
1274:
1266:
1265:
1222:
1221:
1213:
1212:
1204:
1203:
1195:
1194:
790:
789:
781:
780:
737:
736:
728:
727:
719:
718:
710:
709:
701:
700:
692:
691:
683:
682:
674:
673:
665:
664:
538:
537:
529:
528:
491:
490:
186:
185:
157:
40:Dendrobium dearei
2039:
2002:
2001:
1989:
1988:
1976:
1975:
1963:
1962:
1950:
1949:
1937:
1936:
1924:
1923:
1911:
1910:
1909:
1896:
1895:
1894:
1864:
1858:
1852:
1846:
1840:
1826:
1825:
1815:
1791:
1785:
1784:
1782:
1781:
1761:
1755:
1753:
1742:
1736:
1735:
1734:on May 30, 2012.
1730:. Archived from
1723:
1717:
1716:
1714:
1713:
1693:
1687:
1674:
1670:
1664:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1646:
1475:Eleutheroglossum
1159:
1135:
1123:
1087:
1057:
1043:
629:
605:
581:
557:
510:
472:
460:
453:
441:
417:
410:
386:
356:
342:
298:The taxonomy of
195:, in the family
147:
56:
55:
33:
21:
16:Tribe of orchids
2047:
2046:
2042:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2037:
2036:
2012:
2011:
2010:
2005:
1997:
1992:
1984:
1979:
1971:
1966:
1958:
1953:
1945:
1940:
1932:
1927:
1919:
1914:
1905:
1904:
1899:
1890:
1889:
1884:
1871:
1856:
1850:
1844:
1838:
1835:
1833:Further reading
1830:
1829:
1793:
1792:
1788:
1779:
1777:
1763:
1762:
1758:
1751:
1749:Wayback Machine
1743:
1739:
1725:
1724:
1720:
1711:
1709:
1695:
1694:
1690:
1672:
1671:
1667:
1657:
1655:
1648:
1647:
1643:
1638:
1614:
1276:
1267:
1223:
1214:
1205:
1196:
950:
791:
782:
738:
729:
720:
711:
702:
693:
684:
675:
666:
539:
530:
492:
296:
291:
276:
244:
146:
50:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2045:
2043:
2035:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2014:
2013:
2007:
2006:
2004:
2003:
1990:
1977:
1964:
1951:
1938:
1925:
1912:
1897:
1881:
1879:
1873:
1872:
1867:
1861:
1860:
1854:
1848:
1845:Dressler, R.L.
1842:
1834:
1831:
1828:
1827:
1806:(2): 151–174.
1786:
1756:
1737:
1718:
1688:
1665:
1640:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1613:
1610:
1609:
1608:
1607:
1606:
1605:
1604:
1535:Microphytanthe
1457:Diplocaulobium
1378:
1377:
1376:
1375:
1374:
1352:
1351:
1350:
1349:
1348:
1273:
1272:
1269:
1268:
1264:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1232:
1229:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1220:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1211:
1210:
1207:
1206:
1202:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1193:
1192:
1189:
1188:
1179:
1176:
1175:
1172:
1171:
1162:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1138:
1133:
1131:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1101:Bulbophyllinae
1090:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1076:
1075:
1060:
1055:
1053:
1049:Epidendroideae
1041:
966:Bulbophyllinae
949:
946:
945:
944:
943:
942:
941:
940:
925:Tapeinoglossum
919:Synarmosepalum
798:Bulbophyllinae
788:
787:
784:
783:
779:
778:
775:
774:
747:
744:
743:
740:
739:
735:
734:
731:
730:
726:
725:
722:
721:
717:
716:
713:
712:
708:
707:
704:
703:
699:
698:
695:
694:
690:
689:
686:
685:
681:
680:
677:
676:
672:
671:
668:
667:
663:
662:
659:
658:
649:
646:
645:
642:
641:
637:Diplocaulobium
632:
627:
625:
622:
621:
618:
617:
608:
603:
601:
598:
597:
594:
593:
584:
579:
577:
574:
573:
570:
569:
560:
555:
553:
545:
544:
541:
540:
536:
535:
532:
531:
527:
526:
523:
522:
513:
508:
506:
503:Bulbophyllinae
498:
497:
494:
493:
489:
488:
485:
484:
475:
470:
468:
458:
456:
451:
449:
439:
437:
434:
433:
430:
429:
420:
415:
413:
408:
406:
403:
402:
399:
398:
389:
384:
382:
379:
378:
375:
374:
359:
354:
352:
348:Epidendroideae
340:
295:
292:
290:
287:
285:distribution.
275:
272:
243:
240:
193:Epidendroideae
184:
183:
182:
181:
174:
164:
163:
159:
158:
141:
137:
136:
134:Epidendroideae
131:
127:
126:
121:
117:
116:
111:
107:
106:
101:
94:
93:
88:
81:
80:
75:
68:
67:
62:
58:
57:
44:
43:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2044:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2019:
2017:
2000:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1917:
1913:
1908:
1902:
1898:
1893:
1887:
1883:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1865:
1855:
1849:
1843:
1837:
1836:
1832:
1823:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1790:
1787:
1776:on 2015-06-18
1775:
1771:
1767:
1760:
1757:
1752:M.A. Clements
1750:
1746:
1741:
1738:
1733:
1729:
1722:
1719:
1708:on 2010-07-03
1707:
1703:
1699:
1692:
1689:
1686:
1685:0-521-45058-6
1682:
1678:
1669:
1666:
1653:
1652:
1645:
1642:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1630:
1625:
1624:
1619:
1611:
1603:
1602:
1597:
1596:
1591:
1590:
1585:
1584:
1579:
1578:
1573:
1572:
1567:
1566:
1561:
1560:
1559:Stilbophyllum
1555:
1554:
1549:
1548:
1543:
1542:
1537:
1536:
1531:
1530:
1525:
1524:
1519:
1518:
1513:
1512:
1511:Herpetophytum
1507:
1506:
1501:
1500:
1495:
1494:
1489:
1488:
1483:
1482:
1477:
1476:
1471:
1470:
1465:
1464:
1459:
1458:
1453:
1452:
1447:
1446:
1441:
1440:
1435:
1434:
1429:
1428:
1423:
1422:
1417:
1416:
1411:
1410:
1405:
1404:
1403:Australorchis
1399:
1398:
1394:
1393:
1392:
1389:
1388:
1387:
1386:
1385:
1379:
1373:
1372:
1368:
1367:
1366:
1363:
1362:
1361:
1360:
1359:
1353:
1347:
1346:
1341:
1340:
1335:
1334:
1333:Distichorchis
1330:s.s. -
1329:
1328:
1323:
1322:
1317:
1316:
1311:
1310:
1305:
1304:
1299:
1298:
1294:
1293:
1292:
1289:
1288:
1286:
1285:
1284:
1278:
1277:
1271:
1270:
1262:
1261:
1258:
1257:
1256:
1251:
1250:
1245:
1244:
1239:
1238:
1231:
1230:
1227:
1226:
1218:
1217:
1209:
1208:
1200:
1199:
1191:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1185:
1178:
1177:
1174:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1168:
1161:
1160:
1154:
1153:
1150:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1144:
1137:
1136:
1130:
1129:
1125:
1124:
1118:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1108:
1103:
1102:
1097:
1096:
1089:
1088:
1082:
1081:
1078:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1072:
1067:
1066:
1059:
1058:
1052:
1051:
1050:
1045:
1044:
1040:
1038:
1033:
1031:
1028:Based on his
1026:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1011:
1009:
1005:
1002:
998:
994:
993:Oxystophyllum
990:
986:
982:
978:
973:
971:
967:
964:groups. Thus
963:
959:
955:
947:
939:
938:
937:Vesicisepalum
933:
932:
927:
926:
921:
920:
915:
914:
909:
908:
903:
902:
901:Rhytionanthos
897:
896:
891:
890:
885:
884:
879:
878:
873:
872:
867:
866:
861:
860:
855:
854:
849:
848:
843:
842:
837:
836:
831:
830:
829:Cirrhopetalum
825:
824:
819:
818:
813:
812:
808:
807:
806:
803:
802:
801:
800:
799:
793:
792:
786:
785:
777:
776:
773:
772:
771:
766:
765:
760:
759:
754:
753:
746:
745:
742:
741:
733:
732:
724:
723:
715:
714:
706:
705:
697:
696:
688:
687:
679:
678:
670:
669:
661:
660:
657:
656:
655:
648:
647:
644:
643:
640:
639:
638:
631:
630:
624:
623:
620:
619:
616:
615:
614:
607:
606:
600:
599:
596:
595:
592:
591:
590:
583:
582:
576:
575:
572:
571:
568:
567:
566:
559:
558:
552:
551:
547:
546:
543:
542:
534:
533:
525:
524:
521:
520:
519:
512:
511:
505:
504:
500:
499:
496:
495:
487:
486:
483:
482:
481:
474:
473:
467:
466:
462:
461:
455:
454:
448:
447:
443:
442:
436:
435:
432:
431:
428:
427:
426:
419:
418:
412:
411:
405:
404:
401:
400:
397:
396:
395:
388:
387:
381:
380:
377:
376:
373:
372:
371:
366:
365:
358:
357:
351:
350:
349:
344:
343:
339:
337:
333:
331:
327:
324:to the tribe
323:
322:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
293:
288:
286:
284:
280:
273:
271:
269:
268:
263:
258:
256:
252:
248:
241:
239:
237:
233:
229:
228:
223:
222:
216:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
180:
179:
175:
173:
172:
168:
167:
165:
160:
156:
153:
150:
145:
142:
139:
138:
135:
132:
129:
128:
125:
122:
119:
118:
115:
112:
109:
108:
105:
102:
99:
96:
95:
92:
89:
86:
83:
82:
79:
78:Tracheophytes
76:
73:
70:
69:
66:
63:
60:
59:
54:
49:
45:
42:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
1876:
1803:
1799:
1789:
1778:. Retrieved
1774:the original
1769:
1759:
1740:
1732:the original
1721:
1710:. Retrieved
1706:the original
1701:
1691:
1676:
1668:
1656:. Retrieved
1650:
1644:
1627:
1623:Bulbophyllum
1621:
1615:
1599:
1593:
1587:
1583:Trachyrhizum
1581:
1575:
1569:
1565:Tetrabaculum
1563:
1557:
1551:
1547:Sarcocadetia
1545:
1539:
1533:
1527:
1523:Kinetochilus
1521:
1515:
1509:
1503:
1499:Flickingeria
1497:
1491:
1485:
1479:
1473:
1467:
1461:
1455:
1449:
1443:
1437:
1431:
1425:
1421:Cannaeorchis
1419:
1413:
1407:
1401:
1395:
1390:
1384:Grastidiinae
1382:
1380:
1369:
1364:
1358:Epigeneiinae
1356:
1354:
1343:
1337:
1331:
1325:
1319:
1313:
1307:
1301:
1295:
1290:
1283:Dendrobiinae
1281:
1279:
1253:
1247:
1241:
1235:
1234:
1184:Dendrobiinae
1182:
1181:
1167:Grastidiinae
1165:
1164:
1143:Epigeneiinae
1141:
1140:
1127:
1126:
1105:
1099:
1093:
1092:
1069:
1063:
1062:
1047:
1046:
1036:
1034:
1029:
1027:
1018:
1015:Dendrobiinae
1014:
1012:
1008:Grastidiinae
1003:
1001:Australasian
996:
992:
988:
987:. The genus
984:
981:Epigeneiinae
974:
962:monophyletic
957:
951:
935:
929:
923:
917:
911:
907:Saccoglossum
905:
899:
895:Pedilochilus
893:
887:
881:
875:
869:
863:
859:Hapalochilus
857:
853:Ferruminaria
851:
847:Epicrianthes
845:
839:
835:Codonosiphon
833:
827:
821:
817:Bulbophyllum
815:
809:
804:
796:
794:
768:
762:
756:
750:
749:
652:
651:
635:
634:
613:Flickingeria
611:
610:
587:
586:
563:
562:
550:Dendrobiinae
548:
518:Bulbophyllum
516:
515:
501:
478:
477:
465:Dendrobiinae
463:
445:
444:
423:
422:
392:
391:
368:
362:
361:
346:
345:
335:
334:
319:
316:van den Berg
308:polyphyletic
299:
297:
278:
277:
274:Distribution
265:
259:
246:
245:
236:Bulbophyllum
235:
231:
227:Bulbophyllum
225:
219:
217:
200:
188:
187:
176:
171:Bulbophyllum
169:
151:
143:
97:
84:
71:
38:
24:Dendrobieae
18:
2022:Dendrobieae
1907:Dendrobieae
1901:Wikispecies
1877:Dendrobieae
1857:Chase, M.W.
1839:Lindley, J.
1577:Thelychiton
1493:Exochanthus
1469:Durabaculum
1445:Dendrobates
1439:Davejonesia
1427:Cepobaculum
1397:Abaxianthus
1297:Anisopetala
1243:Epidendreae
1128:Dendrobieae
1095:Podochileae
1071:Epidendreae
1037:Dendrobieae
997:Podochileae
985:Dendrobieae
970:Podochileae
958:Dendrobieae
883:Monosepalum
758:Epidendreae
446:Dendrobieae
394:Podochileae
370:Epidendreae
336:Dendrobieae
326:Podochileae
300:Dendrobieae
283:pantropical
279:Dendrobieae
255:pseudobulbs
247:Dendrobieae
213:pseudobulbs
203:are mostly
201:Dendrobieae
197:Orchidaceae
189:Dendrobieae
144:Dendrobieae
130:Subfamily:
124:Orchidaceae
114:Asparagales
91:Angiosperms
2016:Categories
1780:2015-06-17
1712:2015-06-17
1636:References
1629:Dendrobium
1618:Malaxideae
1529:Leioanthum
1505:Grastidium
1487:Euphlebium
1463:Dockrillia
1433:Ceratobium
1381:Subtribe:
1371:Epigeneium
1355:Subtribe:
1339:Eurycaulis
1327:Dendrobium
1321:Coelandria
1280:Subtribe:
1255:Cymbidieae
1237:Calypsoeae
1107:Malaxideae
1065:Arethuseae
1030:Dendrobium
1019:Dendrobium
1010:subtribe.
1004:Dendrobium
989:Dendrobium
977:Epigeneium
811:Acrochaene
795:Subtribe:
770:Cymbidieae
752:Calypsoeae
654:Dendrobium
589:Dendrobium
480:Epigeneium
425:Malaxideae
364:Arethuseae
267:Malaxideae
232:Dendrobium
221:Dendrobium
178:Dendrobium
1822:0024-4074
1541:Monanthos
1517:Inobulbum
1481:Eriopexis
1345:Pedilonum
889:Osyricera
877:Monomeria
871:Mastigion
823:Chaseella
330:subtribes
321:Pseuderia
251:epiphytic
209:epiphytic
61:Kingdom:
1999:50169894
1994:Tropicos
1960:330974-2
1892:Q1877643
1886:Wikidata
1675:, 1993:
1658:30 April
1598: -
1595:Vappodes
1592: -
1589:Tropilis
1586: -
1580: -
1574: -
1571:Tetrodon
1568: -
1562: -
1556: -
1550: -
1544: -
1538: -
1532: -
1526: -
1520: -
1514: -
1508: -
1502: -
1496: -
1490: -
1484: -
1478: -
1472: -
1466: -
1460: -
1454: -
1451:Dichopus
1448: -
1442: -
1436: -
1430: -
1424: -
1418: -
1412: -
1409:Bouletia
1406: -
1400: -
1342: -
1336: -
1324: -
1318: -
1312: -
1309:Callista
1306: -
1300: -
983:, after
954:Clements
934: -
928: -
922: -
916: -
910: -
904: -
898: -
892: -
886: -
880: -
874: -
868: -
862: -
856: -
850: -
844: -
838: -
832: -
826: -
820: -
814: -
304:Dressler
289:Taxonomy
242:Features
205:tropical
120:Family:
104:Monocots
1921:1139196
1553:Sayeria
1415:Cadetia
1391:Genera:
1365:Genera:
1291:Genera:
1249:Vandeae
1023:Asiatic
913:Sunipia
841:Drymoda
805:Genera:
764:Vandeae
565:Cadetia
312:Cameron
281:have a
262:flowers
162:Genera
140:Tribe:
110:Order:
65:Plantae
1986:595053
1973:158392
1820:
1683:
1601:Winika
1315:Ceraia
1303:Aporum
999:, the
199:. The
149:Lindl.
1934:20527
1770:Aliso
1287:s.s.
931:Trias
155:Endl.
98:Clade
85:Clade
72:Clade
1968:NCBI
1955:IPNI
1947:2218
1942:GRIN
1916:BOLD
1818:ISSN
1681:ISBN
1660:2013
1626:and
1013:The
865:Ione
260:The
234:and
224:and
1929:FNA
1808:doi
1804:177
1104:),
2018::
1996::
1983::
1970::
1957::
1944::
1931::
1918::
1903::
1888::
1816:.
1802:.
1798:.
1768:.
1700:.
1252:,
1246:,
1240:,
1098:(+
1068:,
767:,
761:,
755:,
367:,
270:.
238:.
215:.
207:,
152:ex
100::
87::
74::
1824:.
1810::
1783:.
1715:.
1662:.
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