34:
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presumed maker or wearer of the pendant as a female individual with strong genetic affinities to a group of
Ancient North Eurasian individuals who lived around the same time but were previously found only further east in Siberia. Our work redefines how cultural and genetic records can be linked in prehistoric archaeology. (...) Nuclear DNA analysis identifies the presumed maker or wearer of the pendant as a female individual with strong genetic affinities to a group of Ancient North Eurasian individuals who lived around the same time but were previously found only further east in Siberia.
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51:
114:
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58:
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708:), taken from layer 12 of the East Gallery, carried human traits. This was the first time that this technique was used to successfully identify the presence of an extinct hominid. DC1227 was a bone fragment weighing 1.68 g (0.059 oz), measuring in with a maximum length of 24.7 mm (0.97 in) and maximum width of 8.39 mm (0.330 in). Further analysis showed the bone fragment to have Neanderthal
688:
33:
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revealed a structure that differs from known human patterns and has been ascribed to "Denisova hominin". Pääbo and his co-workers first intended to classify the
Denisovans as a separate species but changed their minds prior to publication of the results. Further analysis revealed the Denisovans were
438:
limestone and contains a floor area of about 270 m (2,900 sq ft). The cave is composed of three galleries. The central chamber, the Main
Gallery, contains a floor of 9 m × 11 m (30 ft × 36 ft) with side galleries, the East Gallery and the South Gallery. It
1704:
Slon, Viviane; Hopfe, Charlotte; Weiß, Clemens L.; Mafessoni, Fabrizio; de la
Rasilla, Marco; Lalueza-Fox, Carles; Rosas, Antonio; Soressi, Marie; Knul, Monika V.; Miller, Rebecca; Stewart, John R.; Derevianko, Anatoly P.; Jacobs, Zenobia; Li, Bo; Roberts, Richard G.; Shunkov, Michael V.; de Lumley,
634:
In 2010, a toe bone was discovered in the cave, in layer 11.4 of the East
Gallery, and therefore contemporary with the Denisovan finger bone. Preliminary characterization of the bone's mitochondrial DNA suggested it belonged to a Neanderthal, not a Denisovan. Later analysis confirmed the toe bone as
2254:
Slon, Viviane; Mafessoni, Fabrizio; Vernot, Benjamin; de
Filippo, Cesare; Grote, Steffi; Viola, Bence; Hajdinjak, Mateja; Peyrégne, Stéphane; Nagel, Sarah; Brown, Samantha; Douka, Katerina; Higham, Tom; Kozlikin, Maxim B.; Shunkov, Michael V.; Derevianko, Anatoly P.; Kelso, Janet; Meyer, Matthias;
2778:
Reich D, Green RE, Kircher M, Krause J, Patterson N, Durand EY, Viola B, Briggs AW, Stenzel U, Johnson PL, Maricic T, Good JM, Marques-Bonet T, Alkan C, Fu Q, Mallick S, Li H, Meyer M, Eichler EE, Stoneking M, Richards M, Talamo S, Shunkov MV, Derevianko AP, Hublin JJ, Kelso J, Slatkin M, Pääbo S
2585:
Application of the method to an Upper
Palaeolithic deer tooth pendant from Denisova Cave, Russia, resulted in the recovery of ancient human and deer mitochondrial genomes, which allowed us to estimate the age of the pendant at approximately 19,000–25,000 years. Nuclear DNA analysis identifies the
535:
made from bird bone, estimated to be around 50,000 years-old, was found in
Denisova Cave. The cave also contains stone tools and bone artifacts made by modern humans, and Pääbo commented: "The one place where we are sure all three human forms have lived at one time or another is here in Denisova
875:
are classified as
Denisovans. Denisova 2 and Denisova 3 are young females, while Denisova 4 and Denisova 8 are adult males. mtDNA analysis of the Denisovan individuals suggests that Denisova 2 is the oldest, followed by Denisova 8, while Denisova 3 and Denisova 4 are roughly contemporaneous.
774:
Sequencing of DNA from soil samples taken from
Denisova Cave showed the presence of Neanderthal and Denisovan mtDNA from several samples, as well as the DNA of several animals. Neanderthal mtDNA was present in soil samples from layer 15 of the Main Gallery, a layer associated with Paleolithic
2181:
Hajdinjak, Mateja; Fu, Qiaomei; Hübner, Alexander; Petr, Martin; Mafessoni, Fabrizio; Grote, Steffi; Skoglund, Pontus; Narasimham, Vagheesh; Rougier, Hélène; Crevecoeur, Isabelle; Semal, Patrick; Soressi, Marie; Talamo, Sahra; Hublin, Jean-Jacques; Gušić, Ivan; Kućan, Željko; Rudan, Pavao;
563:
artist might be the oldest animal figurine in the world. The lion's hind legs, groin, back and belly are covered with eighteen rows of notch ornaments and its head is missing. On the right side of the lion there are two extra rows with four notches.
2182:
Golovanova, Liubov V.; Doronichev, Vladimir B.; Posth, Cosimo; Krause, Johannes; Korlević, Petra; Nagel, Sarah; Nickel, Birgit; Slatkin, Montgomery; Patterson, Nick; Reich, David; Prüfer, Kay; Meyer, Matthias; Pääbo, Svante; Kelso, Janet (2018).
1067:
1705:
Henry; Perrenoud, Christian; Gušić, Ivan; Kućan, Željko; Rudan, Pavao; Aximu-Petri, Ayinuer; Essel, Elena; Nagel, Sarah; Nickel, Birgit; Schmidt, Anna; Prüfer, Kay; Kelso, Janet; Burbano, Hernán A.; Pääbo, Svante; Meyer, Matthias (2017).
2612:; Viola, Bence; Renaud, Gabriel; Gansauge, Marie-Theres; Benazzi, Stefano; Sawyer, Susanna; Hublin, Jean-Jacques; Shunkov, Michael V.; Derevianko, Anatoly P.; Kelso, Janet; Prüfer, Kay; Meyer, Matthias; Pääbo, Svante (2017-07-01).
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2022:
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dated to 50,000 years ago was discovered at the archaeological site in 2016 and has been described as the most ancient needle known (though another possible needle dates to about 10,000 years earlier from South Africa from
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artifacts where no Neanderthal fossils have been found. Neanderthal and Denisovan mtDNA were present in samples from layers 14 and 15, respectively, from the East Gallery, lower than any previous fossil finds.
3625:
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Sawyer, Susanna; Renaud, Gabriel; Viola, Bence; Hublin, Jean-Jacques; Gansauge, Marie-Theres; Shunkov, Michael V.; Derevianko, Anatoly P.; Prüfer, Kay; Kelso, Janet; Pääbo, Svante (11 November 2015).
1972:
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1643:"High Ceilings and a Lovely View: Denisova Cave Was Home to a Lost Branch of Humanity – The mysterious Denisovans may have occupied a cave in what is now Siberia for more than 250,000 years"
559:. This 42 mm long, 8 mm thick and 11 mm high figurine was unearthed in the eleventh layer of the southern gallery of Denisova Cave. According to Siberian archeologists, this statue made by
527:. Beside tools, researchers found decorative objects of bone, mammoth tusk, animal teeth, ostrich egg shell, fragments of a stone bracelet made of drilled, worked, and polished dark green
750:
Neanderthal DNA from an admixture event far in the past, estimated at more than 300 generations earlier, and similar in sequence to the Altai Neanderthal genome. However, the mother of
3169:
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Druzhkova, Anna S.; Makunin, Alexey I.; Vorobieva, Nadezhda V.; Vasiliev, Sergey K.; Ovodov, Nikolai D.; Shunkov, Mikhail V.; Trifonov, Vladimir A.; Graphodatsky, Alexander S. (2017).
553:
In 2019, a team of archaeologists from the Novosibirsk Archeology and Ethnography Institute discovered a 45,000-year-old cave lion statue made from woolly mammoth tusk, according to
485:
have been identified, with archeological artifacts that cover the time from Dyonisiy back to about 125,000–180,000 years ago. The dating of the strata was accomplished by the use of
2017:
1677:
386:
may have inhabited the Denisova Cave for extended periods, but perhaps not at the same time. The attribution of the needle and certain other artifacts at the cave, whether to
590:
have investigated the cave. Among the artifacts which had been left about 30,000 to 48,000 years ago (strata 9–11), bones were identified. One of these bones was a piece of
2426:"Mum's a Neanderthal, Dad's a Denisovan: First discovery of an ancient-human hybrid – Genetic analysis uncovers a direct descendant of two different groups of early humans"
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Michael V.Shunkov; et al. (Sep 10, 2020). "Initial Upper Palaeolithic ornaments and formal bone tools from the East Chamber of Denisova Cave in the Russian Altai".
1024:
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The average annual temperature of the cave remains at 0 °C (32 °F), which has contributed to the preservation of archaic DNA among the remains discovered.
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was found to be the hybrid progeny of a Neanderthal mother and a Denisovan father. Comparing the entire genome against all archaic hominin genomes on record,
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Cave sediments are rich with remnants of animals, including extinct ones. Remains of 27 species of large and medium-sized mammals have been found, (such as
4616:
3299:
3192:"Evolution of the European regional large mammals assemblages in the end of the Middle Pleistocene – The first half of the Late Pleistocene (MIS 6–MIS 4)"
1964:
454:, etc.) and 39 species of small mammals, as well as remnants of reptiles, 50 bird species and other vertebrates. Pollen in the cave sediments is used for
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2389:
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1809:"Шуньков М. В, Агаджанян А. К. Палеография палеолита Денисовой пещеры. Археология, этнография и антропология Евразии. 2000.- No. 2 (2).- pages 2–20"
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Replica of the molar of Denisova. Part of the roots was destroyed to study the mtDNA. Their size and shape indicate it is neither Neanderthal nor
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839:(ANE) woman was found in the Denisova Cave, and dated to circa 24,700 years before present. The woman was found to be closely related to
704:, for species identification allowed the sorting of 2,315 unidentified bone fragments from 2012 or 2014 excavation. One sample, DC1227 (
6924:
3320:
766:. This suggests a migration or population turnover involving the Neanderthal populations of the region surrounding the Denisova cave.
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855:
So far, the fossils of seven distinct individuals from Denisova Cave have been identified through their DNA. Four of the individuals,
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50:
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1993:
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In the 1970s, Russian scientists discovered paleoarcheological remains in the cave that led to further explorations. So far, 22
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2329:"Identification of a new hominin bone from Denisova Cave, Siberia using collagen fingerprinting and mitochondrial DNA analysis"
1939:
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6934:
5412:
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799:, Russia. The mtDNA of the Denisova sample shows close affinity for that taken from Proskuryakova Cave. DNA analysis places
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78:
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4834:
106:
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5654:
3654:
3345:
697:
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3821:
2477:"Complete mitochondrial genome of an extinct Equus (Sussemionus) ovodovi specimen from Denisova cave (Altai, Russia)"
1808:
1600:
Blackwell, Lucinda (2008). "Middle Stone Age bone tools from the Howiesons Poort layers, Sibudu Cave, South Africa".
883:, is a Neanderthal woman. Before its DNA was sequenced, the Altai Neanderthal had been given the provisional name of
550:, may have inhabited the Denisova Cave over thousands of years, but it is unclear whether they ever shared the cave.
3573:
789:
fossil, dating to around 32,000 years ago, taken from Denisova Cave. The equid fossil was identified as coming from
7424:
7306:
7100:
6874:
6834:
4776:
4063:
3285:
2858:; Fu, Qiaomei; Good, Jeffrey M.; Viola, Bence; Shunkov, Michael V.; Derevianko, Anatoli P.; Pääbo, Svante (2010).
2055:
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3136:
M.B. Mednikova (March 2011). "A proximal pedal phalanx of a Paleolithic hominin from Denisova cave, Altai".
894:
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426:, the regional capital. The cave, which is approximately 28 m (92 ft) above the right bank of the
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1393:
Anatoly P. Derevianko; Alexander V. Postnov; Eugeny P. Rybin; Yaroslav V. Kuzmin; Susan G. Keates (2007).
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383:
145:
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6109:
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1834:
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1117:
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an extinct species first described based on a 40,000 year old fossil taken from Proskuryakova Cave in
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2999:
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1865:"Fossil finger points to new human species. DNA analysis reveals lost relative from 40,000 years ago"
1718:
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1515:
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Supplementary Information: Genetic History of an Archaic Hominin group from Denisova Cave in Siberia
1678:"Homo sapiens or Denisovans? Who made stunning cave jewellery and artefacts up to 48,000 years ago?"
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2927:"News: Fossil genome reveals ancestral link: A distant cousin raises questions about human origins"
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genomes, while Denisova 3, Denisova 25, and the Altai Neanderthal yielded high-coverage genomes.
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3081:"Nuclear DNA from two early Neandertals reveals 80,000 years of genetic continuity in Europe"
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showed this specimen belonged to a female at least thirteen years old at the time of death.
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event from Neanderthals into humans likely took place after the split of the lineage of the
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The cave is located in a region thought to have been inhabited concurrently in the past by
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2816:"No bones about it: ancient DNA from Siberia hints at previously unknown human relative"
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2554:
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1395:"The Pleistocene peopling of Siberia: A review of environmental and behavioural aspects"
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of a child found in layer 11.2 of the East Gallery. The fossil element was analyzed by
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Deer tooth pendant of an ANE woman, from Denisova Cave, dated circa 24,700 years BP.
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2860:"The complete mitochondrial DNA genome of an unknown hominin from southern Siberia"
2609:
2390:"Novel collagen fingerprinting identifies a Neanderthal bone among 2,000 fragments"
1473:"World's oldest needle found in Siberian cave that stitches together human history"
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Brown, Samantha; Higham, Thomas; Slon, Viviane; Pääbo, Svante (March 29, 2016).
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Cave of Altamira and Paleolithic Cave Art of Northern Spain World Heritage Site
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3228:"Zooarchaeology through the lens of collagen fingerprinting at Denisova Cave"
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2750:"The most ancient human genome yet has been sequenced—and it's a Denisovan's"
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2257:"The genome of the offspring of a Neanderthal mother and a Denisovan father"
1731:
1706:
1329:
1313:
1257:
998:
796:
215:
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2986:"Genetic history of an archaic hominin group from Denisova Cave in Siberia"
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2580:
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2461:
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2306:
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2167:
1935:
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1504:"Timing of archaic hominin occupation of Denisova Cave in southern Siberia"
840:
1783:"Denisova Cave (Siberia).Altai Mountain Paleolithic Site of Denisova Cave"
650:
is estimated to be around 120,000 years old. Other Neanderthals for which
7195:
7155:
6728:
6631:
6129:
6089:
5979:
5644:
5361:
5012:
4462:
4329:
4232:
3913:
3593:
3433:
3428:
3415:
1277:
1273:
1265:
498:
490:
435:
431:
3011:
2884:
2686:"Nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences from two Denisovan individuals"
2249:
2247:
2245:
2243:
2207:
2149:
2124:"The complete genome sequence of a Neanderthal from the Altai Mountains"
654:
has been recovered are all genetically closer to each other than to the
470:
hermit, Dyonisiy (Denis), and was named after him, while the indigenous
6499:
6104:
5817:
5485:
5259:
3865:
3704:
1965:"Cave lion figurine made of woolly mammoth tusk found at Denisova Cave"
1503:
1309:
611:
related to the Neanderthals and interbred with the ancestors of modern
603:
482:
423:
2352:
1741:
762:
in Croatia and to other sequenced Neanderthal individuals than to the
5995:
5269:
5264:
4192:
2953:
2926:
900:
During DNA sequencing, Denisova 2, Denisova 4 and Denisova 8 yielded
816:
413:
3226:
Brown, Samantha; Wang, Naihui; Oertle, Annette; et al. (2021).
3190:
Puzachenko, A.Yu.; Titov, V.V.; Kosintsev, P.A. (20 December 2021).
1881:
1864:
1128:
analysis of mtDNA suggested this specimen instead dates to ~120 ka.
1033:
Cut in two, one piece partially destroyed to investigate the mtDNA.
355:
originate from the cave, including artifacts dated to around 40,000
7185:
5182:
4741:
2604:
2602:
2600:
2598:
2596:
2594:
1353:
1349:
1317:
1269:
1028:
Replica of the phalanx. It was destroyed to investigate the mtDNA.
826:
812:
738:, indicating that her Denisovan father is more closely related to
701:
687:
622:
503:
219:
835:
A deer tooth pendant impregnated with the genetic material of an
7215:
2690:
2057:
From Fossil To Fact: The Denisova Discovery as Science in Action
742:
than her mother was to any of the sequenced Neanderthals. Like
678:
Denisova 11: a first-generation Neanderthal and Denisovan hybrid
328:
7005:
6329:
5781:
4935:
4617:
Rock art of the Iberian Mediterranean Basin World Heritage Site
3343:
3281:
7455:
Objects of cultural heritage of Russia of federal significance
586:
Scientists from the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology of
3950:
Caves and Ice Age Art in the Swabian Jura World Heritage Site
2086:"Denisovans Were Neanderthals' Cousins, DNA Analysis Reveals"
662:
share more alleles with all other Neanderthals than with the
2384:
2382:
2380:
1066:
1023:
2984:
Reich, D.; Richard, E. G.; et al. (23 December 2010).
2029:, New York Times, Science section, p. D1, January 30, 2012
893:
was identified as a Neanderthal/Denisova hybrid, based on
2539:"Ancient human DNA recovered from a Palaeolithic pendant"
2184:"Reconstructing the genetic history of late Neanderthals"
1835:"Denisova Cave – abode of Denisova hominins, Wondermondo"
1707:"Neandertal and Denisovan DNA from Pleistocene sediments"
508:
Reconstruction of Altaic cave site, 150.000-10.000 BCE.
359:. Remains of a 32,000-year-old prehistoric species of
1467:
1465:
639:
genome of Neanderthals was taken from this toe bone.
291:
1444:"Денисова пещера. Denisova-Denisova Cave-Denis Cave"
392:
or to the Denisova hominin (also sometimes known as
7347:
7331:
7315:
7297:
7276:
7258:
7242:
7214:
7018:
6737:
6721:
6680:
6624:
6608:
6592:
6574:
6533:
6492:
6471:
6450:
6404:
6378:
6362:
6346:
6301:
6280:
6264:
6238:
6067:
6041:
6025:
6004:
5988:
5942:
5921:
5905:
5884:
5863:
5847:
5831:
5810:
5794:
5748:
5727:
5701:
5689:
5663:
5632:
5596:
5578:
5562:
5546:
5530:
5514:
5468:
5447:
5431:
5380:
5299:
5278:
5222:
5191:
5145:
5129:
5103:
5042:
5026:
4980:
4964:
4948:
4822:
4806:
4785:
4528:
4497:
4471:
4440:
4394:
4363:
4312:
4291:
4275:
4257:
4241:
4225:
4209:
4191:
4128:
4107:
4046:
4018:
3942:
3618:
3602:
3561:
3545:
3504:
3468:
3447:
3392:
3356:
1399:
Bulletin of the Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association
315:
249:
238:
233:
225:
211:
203:
166:
155:
141:
133:
3139:Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia
600:Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
466:In the 18th century, the cave was inhabited by an
531:, and pendants. A seven-centimetre (2.8 in)
2679:
2677:
2675:
2673:
343:, Russia. The cave has provided items of great
2419:
2417:
2415:
1902:
1900:
1699:
1697:
754:was genetically closer to Neanderthal specimen
416:, the cave is near the village of Chorny Anui (
2117:
2115:
2113:
2111:
1633:
1631:
422:), and some 150 km (93 mi) south of
3293:
2322:
2320:
2318:
2316:
417:
8:
1502:Zenobia Jacobs; et al. (Jan 30, 2019).
19:
3273:Denisova Cave – abode of mysterious hominin
3074:
3072:
3052:"Picture of the actually molar of Denisova"
1994:"Lion figurine discovered in Denisova Cave"
1438:
1436:
1434:
1432:
876:Denisova 25 is estimated to be from 200ka.
702:Zooarchaeology by Mass Spectrometry (ZooMS)
7015:
7002:
6343:
6326:
5791:
5778:
4945:
4932:
3353:
3340:
3308:Prehistoric cave sites, rock shelters and
3300:
3286:
3278:
2773:
2771:
2041:Neanderthal Man: In Search of Lost Genomes
906:
619:Neanderthal remains: the Altai Neanderthal
18:
7450:Cultural heritage monuments in Altai Krai
3253:
3112:
3027:
2952:
2901:
2883:
2721:
2711:
2653:
2570:
2510:
2492:
2451:
2360:
2296:
2255:Prüfer, Kay; Pääbo, Svante (2018-08-22).
2223:
2157:
1880:
1858:
1856:
1740:
1730:
6075:Cradle of Humankind, World Heritage Site
3079:Peyrégne, Stéphane; et al. (2019).
1776:
1774:
1772:
1770:
1768:
2743:
2741:
2019:DNA Turning Human Story Into a Tell-All
1385:
642:This Neanderthal is referred to as the
1841:from the original on December 26, 2017
1450:from the original on February 19, 2019
811:, with closer genetic affinities with
785:MtDNA has also been recovered from an
734:shares the most genetic affinity with
515:Among the archeological artifacts are
16:Cave and archaeological site in Russia
2532:
2530:
1789:from the original on October 23, 2013
635:coming from a Neanderthal. The first
510:National Museum of the Altai Republic
113:
85:
57:
7:
3215:– via Elsevier Science Direct.
2836:from the original on 29 October 2013
1655:from the original on 31 January 2019
2096:from the original on 1 January 2012
1238:The cave also preserves remains of
2925:Ewen Callaway (22 December 2010).
2424:Warren, Matthew (22 August 2018).
1815:from the original on July 20, 2011
363:have also been found in the cave.
229:270 m (2,900 sq ft)
14:
4463:Mala Balanica and Velika Balanica
3626:Vézère Valley World Heritage Site
3421:Neolithic flint mines of Spiennes
1602:Journal of Archaeological Science
674:from that of other Neanderthals.
7410:1970s archaeological discoveries
3166:"Pedal phalanx, actually fossil"
1483:from the original on 21 May 2020
700:of ancient bone samples, called
351:interest. Bone fragments of the
112:
105:
84:
77:
56:
49:
32:
7415:Archaeological sites in Siberia
3172:from the original on 2015-11-21
3058:from the original on 2015-11-21
2614:"A fourth Denisovan individual"
2400:from the original on 2016-03-30
1975:from the original on 2020-09-21
847:specimens found further east.
718:and other characterization of
692:The interior of the cave, 2008
1:
2494:10.1080/23802359.2017.1285209
1928:10.1126/science.333.6046.1084
1863:Rex Dalton (March 24, 2010).
439:has been described both as a
382:Denisovans, Neanderthals and
376:
303:'the cave of Denis';
3206:10.1016/j.quaint.2020.08.038
1907:Gibbons, Ann (August 2011).
1579:10.1016/j.quaint.2020.07.027
1122:
879:One of the individuals, the
823:Ancient North Eurasian woman
316:
68:Show map of Continental Asia
7420:Prehistoric sites in Russia
4651:Other caves with decoration
3733:Other caves with decoration
3655:Les Eyzies-de-Tayac-Sireuil
3331:Caves containing pictograms
2748:Gibbons, Ann (2024-07-11).
2537:Essel, Elena (3 May 2023).
2043:. Basic Books. p. 249.
1326:Pleistocene small cave bear
746:, this father carries some
698:peptide mass fingerprinting
523:-style tools attributed to
292:
7471:
4635:Other World Heritage Sites
3722:Other World Heritage Sites
3321:Paleoanthropological sites
3246:10.1038/s41598-021-94731-2
3152:10.1016/j.aeae.2011.06.017
2814:Wong, K. (24 March 2010).
2563:10.1038/s41586-023-06035-2
2453:10.1038/d41586-018-06004-0
1998:www.bradshawfoundation.com
1909:"Who Were the Denisovans?"
681:
579:
327:'Bear Rock') is a
308:
245:30,000 to 48,000 years ago
207:700 m (2,297 ft)
93:Denisova Cave (Altai Krai)
7371:
7014:
7001:
6342:
6325:
5790:
5777:
4944:
4931:
3352:
3339:
3316:
2281:10.1038/s41586-018-0455-x
2054:Karlsson, Mattis (2022).
1622:10.1016/j.jas.2007.11.006
1528:10.1038/s41586-018-0843-2
1411:10.7152/bippa.v25i0.11915
487:thermoluminescence dating
443:and as a sandstone cave.
430:(a left tributary of the
418:
341:Siberian Federal District
281:
267:
160:Siberian Federal District
43:
31:
24:
7299:Northern Mariana Islands
3197:Quaternary International
2481:Mitochondrial DNA Part B
1559:Quaternary International
370:and by modern humans. A
7440:Landforms of Altai Krai
7435:Geography of Altai Krai
2762:10.1126/science.zi9n4zp
2713:10.1073/pnas.1519905112
1732:10.1126/science.aam9695
895:whole genome sequencing
716:Whole genome sequencing
666:, which shows that the
598:and coworkers from the
434:), has formed in upper
408:, near the border with
5823:Manyana Rock Paintings
3874:La Chapelle-aux-Saints
3105:10.1126/sciadv.aaw5873
2638:10.1126/sciadv.1700186
2039:Pääbo, Svante (2014).
1076:
1029:
950:deciduous lower molar
837:Ancient North Eurasian
832:
693:
684:Denny (hybrid hominin)
631:
512:
146:Soloneshensky District
121:Denisova Cave (Russia)
96:Show map of Altai Krai
6386:Actun Tunichil Muknal
1179:Neanderthal/Denisovan
1094:proximal toe phalanx
1070:
1027:
830:
691:
626:
507:
493:, or, in some cases,
188:51.39750°N 84.67611°E
134:Alternative name
38:Denisova Cave in 2008
5960:Ifri N'Amr Ou Moussa
4900:Red Lady of Paviland
3792:Mayrières supérieure
3200:. 605–606: 155–191.
2394:University of Oxford
2122:Prüfer, Kay (2013).
2084:(22 December 2010).
809:non-caballine horses
696:The use of collagen
658:. Modern humans and
456:palaeoclimatological
379:61,000 years ago).
262:Homo sapiens sapiens
6775:Colorado Millennial
5413:Shiraho Saonetabaru
4217:Bukuroshja e Fjetur
3097:2019SciA....5.5873P
3012:10.1038/nature09710
3004:2010Natur.468.1053R
2945:2010Natur.468.1012C
2885:10.1038/nature08976
2876:2010Natur.464..894K
2821:Scientific American
2795:on 3 September 2015
2704:2015PNAS..11215696S
2698:(51): 15696–15700.
2630:2017SciA....3E0186S
2555:2023Natur.618..328E
2444:2018Natur.560..417W
2345:2016NatSR...623559B
2273:2018Natur.561..113S
2208:10.1038/nature26151
2200:2018Natur.555..652H
2150:10.1038/nature12886
2142:2014Natur.505...43P
1723:2017Sci...356..605S
1691:, February 4, 2016.
1641:(30 January 2019).
1614:2008JArSc..35.1566B
1571:2020QuInt.559...47S
1520:2019Natur.565..594J
1417:on 25 December 2016
1170:long bone fragment
345:paleoarchaeological
184: /
21:
6593:Dominican Republic
6354:Cueva de las Manos
5250:Huto and Kamarband
4660:Barranc del Migdia
4546:Caves in Cantabria
3970:Hohlenstein-Stadel
3777:Grotte de Gabillou
3762:La Chaire a Calvin
3233:Scientific Reports
2333:Scientific Reports
2025:2019-03-01 at the
2016:Mitchell, Alanna,
1689:The Siberian Times
1683:2019-09-02 at the
1674:The Siberian Times
1648:The New York Times
1479:. 23 August 2016.
1477:The Siberian Times
1290:Eurasian cave lion
1077:
1030:
833:
694:
632:
561:Upper Palaeolithic
556:The Siberian Times
513:
495:radiocarbon dating
293:Denísova peshchéra
193:51.39750; 84.67611
124:Show map of Russia
65:Location in Russia
7425:Neanderthal sites
7397:
7396:
7367:
7366:
7363:
7362:
6997:
6996:
6993:
6992:
6510:Piedras del Tunjo
6442:Toca da Tira Peia
6321:
6320:
6317:
6316:
5773:
5772:
5769:
5768:
4927:
4926:
4923:
4922:
4563:Hornos de la Peña
2998:(1012): 1053–60.
2549:(7964): 328–332.
2438:(7719): 417–418.
2353:10.1038/srep23559
2267:(7721): 113–116.
2194:(7698): 652–656.
1969:siberiantimes.com
1922:(6046): 1084–87.
1717:(6338): 605–608.
1514:(7741): 594–599.
1262:Siberian roe deer
1244:woolly rhinoceros
1236:
1235:
1085:Altai Neanderthal
1017:Johannes Krause,
897:and comparisons.
881:Altai Neanderthal
764:Altai Neanderthal
710:mitochondrial DNA
672:Altai Neanderthal
664:Altai Neanderthal
656:Altai Neanderthal
648:Altai Neanderthal
644:Altai Neanderthal
608:mitochondrial DNA
396:), is uncertain.
333:Bashelaksky Range
326:
314:
302:
290:
271:
270:
7462:
7316:Papua New Guinea
7016:
7003:
6955:Stanfield-Worley
6930:Rockhouse Cliffs
6344:
6327:
6195:Howieson's Poort
5892:Enkapune Ya Muto
5792:
5779:
5245:Eshkaft-e Siahoo
4946:
4933:
4700:Peñas de Cabrera
4000:Kleine Feldhofer
3960:Geissenklösterle
3812:Roc-aux-Sorciers
3354:
3341:
3302:
3295:
3288:
3279:
3260:
3259:
3257:
3223:
3217:
3216:
3214:
3212:
3187:
3181:
3180:
3178:
3177:
3162:
3156:
3155:
3133:
3127:
3126:
3116:
3085:Science Advances
3076:
3067:
3066:
3064:
3063:
3048:
3042:
3041:
3031:
2981:
2975:
2974:
2956:
2954:10.1038/4681012a
2922:
2916:
2915:
2905:
2887:
2870:(7290): 894–97.
2856:Krause, Johannes
2852:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2841:
2811:
2805:
2804:
2802:
2800:
2794:
2788:. Archived from
2787:
2775:
2766:
2765:
2745:
2736:
2735:
2725:
2715:
2681:
2668:
2667:
2657:
2618:Science Advances
2606:
2589:
2588:
2574:
2534:
2525:
2524:
2514:
2496:
2472:
2466:
2465:
2455:
2421:
2410:
2409:
2407:
2405:
2396:. Mar 29, 2016.
2386:
2375:
2374:
2364:
2324:
2311:
2310:
2300:
2251:
2238:
2237:
2227:
2178:
2172:
2171:
2161:
2119:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2078:
2072:
2071:
2051:
2045:
2044:
2036:
2030:
2014:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2004:
1990:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1980:
1961:
1955:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1944:
1938:. Archived from
1913:
1904:
1895:
1894:
1884:
1875:(7288): 472–73.
1860:
1851:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1831:
1825:
1824:
1822:
1820:
1805:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1778:
1763:
1762:
1744:
1734:
1701:
1692:
1671:
1665:
1664:
1662:
1660:
1635:
1626:
1625:
1608:(6): 1566–1580.
1597:
1591:
1590:
1554:
1548:
1547:
1499:
1493:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1469:
1460:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1440:
1427:
1426:
1424:
1422:
1413:. Archived from
1390:
1193:Samantha Brown,
907:
807:basal group for
805:phylogenetically
582:Denisova hominin
576:Denisova hominin
421:
420:
378:
353:Denisova hominin
321:
319:
313:romanized:
312:
310:
297:
295:
285:
283:
199:
198:
196:
195:
194:
189:
185:
182:
181:
180:
177:
125:
116:
115:
109:
97:
88:
87:
81:
69:
60:
59:
53:
36:
22:
7470:
7469:
7465:
7464:
7463:
7461:
7460:
7459:
7430:Caves of Russia
7400:
7399:
7398:
7393:
7359:
7343:
7327:
7311:
7293:
7272:
7254:
7238:
7210:
7126:Mackintosh 90/1
7046:Beginner's Luck
7010:
6989:
6805:Dutchess Quarry
6745:Arnold Research
6733:
6717:
6676:
6620:
6604:
6588:
6570:
6529:
6488:
6467:
6446:
6400:
6396:Midnight Terror
6374:
6358:
6338:
6313:
6297:
6276:
6260:
6234:
6063:
6037:
6021:
6000:
5984:
5975:Kelif el Boroud
5938:
5917:
5901:
5880:
5859:
5843:
5827:
5806:
5786:
5765:
5744:
5723:
5697:
5685:
5659:
5628:
5592:
5574:
5558:
5542:
5526:
5510:
5464:
5443:
5427:
5376:
5295:
5274:
5218:
5187:
5141:
5125:
5099:
5038:
5022:
4976:
4960:
4940:
4919:
4818:
4802:
4781:
4680:los Murciélagos
4628:Roca dels Moros
4524:
4493:
4467:
4436:
4407:Chertovy Vorota
4390:
4359:
4308:
4287:
4271:
4259:North Macedonia
4253:
4237:
4221:
4205:
4187:
4124:
4103:
4042:
4014:
3938:
3701:Abri du Poisson
3666:Les Combarelles
3614:
3598:
3557:
3541:
3500:
3464:
3443:
3439:Trou de l'Abîme
3388:
3348:
3335:
3312:
3306:
3269:
3264:
3263:
3225:
3224:
3220:
3210:
3208:
3189:
3188:
3184:
3175:
3173:
3164:
3163:
3159:
3135:
3134:
3130:
3091:(6): eaaw5873.
3078:
3077:
3070:
3061:
3059:
3050:
3049:
3045:
2983:
2982:
2978:
2924:
2923:
2919:
2854:
2853:
2849:
2839:
2837:
2813:
2812:
2808:
2798:
2796:
2792:
2785:
2777:
2776:
2769:
2747:
2746:
2739:
2683:
2682:
2671:
2624:(7): e1700186.
2608:
2607:
2592:
2536:
2535:
2528:
2474:
2473:
2469:
2423:
2422:
2413:
2403:
2401:
2388:
2387:
2378:
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2060:. LiU E-press.
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2027:Wayback Machine
2015:
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1358:Eurasian beaver
1180:
1126:Molecular clock
1107:
1087:
1013:Michael Shunkov
1010:
989:finger phalanx
982:
853:
825:
783:
772:
686:
680:
621:
584:
578:
570:
568:Archaeogenetics
548:related hybrids
464:
402:
384:related hybrids
349:paleontological
337:Altai Mountains
282:Денисова пещера
192:
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27:
26:Денисова пещера
17:
12:
11:
5:
7468:
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6713:T'uqu T'uquyuq
6710:
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6215:Pinnacle Point
6212:
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6017:The White Lady
6014:
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5556:
5550:
5548:
5544:
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5541:
5540:
5538:Khoit Tsenkher
5534:
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5518:
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5509:
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5024:
5023:
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5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4984:
4982:
4978:
4977:
4975:
4974:
4968:
4966:
4962:
4961:
4959:
4958:
4952:
4950:
4942:
4941:
4936:
4929:
4928:
4925:
4924:
4921:
4920:
4918:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4850:Creswell Crags
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4830:Aveline's Hole
4826:
4824:
4823:United Kingdom
4820:
4819:
4817:
4816:
4810:
4808:
4804:
4803:
4801:
4800:
4795:
4789:
4787:
4783:
4782:
4780:
4779:
4774:
4772:Santa Catalina
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4718:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4648:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4631:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4613:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4591:
4590:
4587:
4586:
4585:
4580:
4577:
4574:
4567:Monte Castillo
4564:
4561:
4556:
4553:
4543:
4538:
4532:
4530:
4526:
4525:
4523:
4522:
4517:
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4507:
4501:
4499:
4495:
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4492:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4475:
4473:
4469:
4468:
4466:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4448:Hadži-Prodan's
4444:
4442:
4438:
4437:
4435:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4398:
4396:
4392:
4391:
4389:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4367:
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4360:
4358:
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4337:
4332:
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4310:
4309:
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4301:
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4263:
4261:
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4238:
4236:
4235:
4229:
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4220:
4219:
4213:
4211:
4207:
4206:
4204:
4203:
4197:
4195:
4189:
4188:
4186:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4132:
4130:
4126:
4125:
4123:
4122:
4117:
4111:
4109:
4105:
4104:
4102:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4050:
4048:
4044:
4043:
4041:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4024:
4022:
4016:
4015:
4013:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3983:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
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3940:
3939:
3937:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3855:
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3849:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3830:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3730:
3729:
3724:
3718:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3699:
3694:
3691:
3686:
3685:Laugerie-Haute
3683:
3681:Laugerie-Basse
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3662:Abri Chadourne
3660:
3657:
3652:
3651:
3650:
3645:
3639:
3634:
3631:
3628:
3622:
3620:
3616:
3615:
3613:
3612:
3606:
3604:
3600:
3599:
3597:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3565:
3563:
3562:Czech Republic
3559:
3558:
3556:
3555:
3549:
3547:
3543:
3542:
3540:
3539:
3534:
3532:Romuald's Cave
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3508:
3506:
3502:
3501:
3499:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3472:
3470:
3466:
3465:
3463:
3462:
3457:
3451:
3449:
3445:
3444:
3442:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3400:
3396:
3394:
3390:
3389:
3387:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3360:
3358:
3350:
3349:
3344:
3337:
3336:
3334:
3333:
3328:
3326:Cave paintings
3323:
3317:
3314:
3313:
3310:cave paintings
3307:
3305:
3304:
3297:
3290:
3282:
3276:
3275:
3268:
3267:External links
3265:
3262:
3261:
3218:
3182:
3157:
3128:
3068:
3043:
2976:
2939:(1012): 1012.
2917:
2847:
2806:
2767:
2737:
2669:
2590:
2526:
2467:
2411:
2376:
2312:
2239:
2173:
2107:
2073:
2066:
2046:
2031:
2009:
1985:
1956:
1945:on 9 July 2013
1896:
1852:
1826:
1800:
1764:
1693:
1666:
1627:
1592:
1549:
1494:
1461:
1428:
1384:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1377:
1376:
1374:Clovis culture
1369:
1366:
1346:steppe polecat
1240:woolly mammoth
1234:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1203:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1191:
1188:
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1177:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1160:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1130:
1129:
1123:
1121:
1118:M.B. Mednikova
1115:
1112:
1109:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1081:
1080:
1078:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1049:South Gallery
1047:
1044:
1041:
1035:
1034:
1031:
1021:
1015:
1007:
1004:
1001:
996:
993:
990:
987:
976:
975:
973:
971:
969:
966:
963:
960:
957:
954:
951:
948:
942:
941:
938:
935:
934:First public.
932:
929:
926:
923:
920:
917:
914:
911:
852:
849:
824:
821:
782:
777:
771:
768:
682:Main article:
679:
676:
660:Ust'-Ishim man
620:
617:
580:Main article:
577:
574:
569:
566:
529:chlorastrolite
478:(Bear Rock).
463:
460:
410:Altai Republic
401:
398:
269:
268:
265:
264:
251:
247:
246:
240:
236:
235:
231:
230:
227:
223:
222:
213:
209:
208:
205:
201:
200:
168:
164:
163:
157:
153:
152:
143:
139:
138:
135:
131:
130:
120:
111:
110:
104:
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102:
101:
92:
83:
82:
76:
75:
74:
73:
64:
55:
54:
48:
47:
46:
45:
44:
41:
40:
37:
29:
28:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7467:
7456:
7453:
7451:
7448:
7446:
7443:
7441:
7438:
7436:
7433:
7431:
7428:
7426:
7423:
7421:
7418:
7416:
7413:
7411:
7408:
7407:
7405:
7390:
7387:
7385:
7384:Cave painting
7382:
7380:
7379:List of caves
7377:
7374:
7373:
7370:
7356:
7353:
7352:
7350:
7346:
7340:
7337:
7336:
7334:
7330:
7324:
7321:
7320:
7318:
7314:
7308:
7305:
7304:
7302:
7300:
7296:
7290:
7287:
7285:
7282:
7281:
7279:
7275:
7269:
7266:
7265:
7263:
7261:
7260:New Caledonia
7257:
7251:
7248:
7247:
7245:
7241:
7235:
7232:
7230:
7227:
7225:
7222:
7221:
7219:
7217:
7213:
7207:
7204:
7202:
7199:
7197:
7194:
7192:
7189:
7187:
7184:
7182:
7179:
7177:
7174:
7172:
7169:
7167:
7166:New Guinea II
7164:
7162:
7159:
7157:
7154:
7152:
7149:
7147:
7144:
7142:
7141:Mannalargenna
7139:
7137:
7134:
7132:
7129:
7127:
7124:
7122:
7119:
7117:
7114:
7112:
7109:
7107:
7104:
7102:
7099:
7097:
7094:
7092:
7089:
7087:
7084:
7082:
7079:
7077:
7074:
7072:
7069:
7067:
7064:
7062:
7059:
7057:
7054:
7052:
7049:
7047:
7044:
7042:
7039:
7037:
7034:
7032:
7029:
7027:
7024:
7023:
7021:
7017:
7013:
7009:
7004:
7000:
6986:
6983:
6981:
6978:
6976:
6973:
6971:
6968:
6966:
6963:
6961:
6958:
6956:
6953:
6951:
6948:
6946:
6943:
6941:
6938:
6936:
6933:
6931:
6928:
6926:
6923:
6921:
6918:
6916:
6913:
6911:
6910:On Your Knees
6908:
6906:
6903:
6901:
6898:
6896:
6893:
6891:
6888:
6886:
6883:
6881:
6878:
6876:
6873:
6871:
6868:
6866:
6863:
6861:
6858:
6856:
6853:
6851:
6848:
6846:
6843:
6841:
6838:
6836:
6835:Hidden Valley
6833:
6831:
6828:
6826:
6823:
6821:
6818:
6816:
6813:
6811:
6808:
6806:
6803:
6801:
6798:
6796:
6793:
6791:
6788:
6786:
6783:
6781:
6778:
6776:
6773:
6771:
6768:
6766:
6763:
6761:
6758:
6756:
6753:
6751:
6748:
6746:
6743:
6742:
6740:
6738:United States
6736:
6730:
6727:
6726:
6724:
6720:
6714:
6711:
6709:
6706:
6704:
6701:
6699:
6696:
6694:
6691:
6689:
6686:
6685:
6683:
6679:
6673:
6670:
6668:
6665:
6663:
6660:
6658:
6657:Guilá Naquitz
6655:
6653:
6650:
6648:
6645:
6643:
6642:Dzibilchaltún
6640:
6638:
6635:
6633:
6630:
6629:
6627:
6623:
6617:
6614:
6613:
6611:
6607:
6601:
6598:
6597:
6595:
6591:
6585:
6582:
6581:
6579:
6577:
6573:
6567:
6564:
6562:
6559:
6557:
6554:
6552:
6549:
6547:
6544:
6542:
6539:
6538:
6536:
6532:
6526:
6523:
6521:
6518:
6516:
6513:
6511:
6508:
6506:
6503:
6501:
6498:
6497:
6495:
6491:
6485:
6482:
6480:
6477:
6476:
6474:
6470:
6464:
6461:
6459:
6456:
6455:
6453:
6449:
6443:
6440:
6438:
6435:
6433:
6430:
6428:
6425:
6423:
6422:Pedra Pintada
6420:
6418:
6415:
6413:
6410:
6409:
6407:
6403:
6397:
6394:
6392:
6389:
6387:
6384:
6383:
6381:
6377:
6371:
6368:
6367:
6365:
6361:
6355:
6352:
6351:
6349:
6345:
6341:
6337:
6336:South America
6333:
6328:
6324:
6310:
6307:
6306:
6304:
6300:
6294:
6291:
6289:
6286:
6285:
6283:
6279:
6273:
6270:
6269:
6267:
6263:
6257:
6254:
6252:
6249:
6247:
6244:
6243:
6241:
6237:
6231:
6228:
6226:
6223:
6221:
6218:
6216:
6213:
6211:
6208:
6206:
6203:
6201:
6200:Klasies River
6198:
6196:
6193:
6191:
6188:
6186:
6183:
6181:
6178:
6176:
6175:Byneskranskop
6173:
6171:
6168:
6166:
6163:
6161:
6158:
6155:
6154:
6151:
6148:
6146:
6143:
6141:
6138:
6136:
6133:
6131:
6128:
6126:
6123:
6121:
6118:
6116:
6113:
6111:
6108:
6106:
6103:
6101:
6098:
6096:
6093:
6091:
6088:
6086:
6083:
6081:
6078:
6076:
6073:
6072:
6070:
6066:
6060:
6057:
6055:
6052:
6050:
6047:
6046:
6044:
6040:
6034:
6031:
6030:
6028:
6024:
6018:
6015:
6013:
6010:
6009:
6007:
6003:
5997:
5994:
5993:
5991:
5987:
5981:
5978:
5976:
5973:
5971:
5968:
5966:
5965:Ifri Oudadane
5963:
5961:
5958:
5956:
5953:
5951:
5948:
5947:
5945:
5941:
5935:
5934:Uan Muhuggiag
5932:
5930:
5927:
5926:
5924:
5920:
5914:
5911:
5910:
5908:
5904:
5898:
5895:
5893:
5890:
5889:
5887:
5883:
5877:
5874:
5872:
5869:
5868:
5866:
5862:
5856:
5853:
5852:
5850:
5846:
5840:
5837:
5836:
5834:
5830:
5824:
5821:
5819:
5816:
5815:
5813:
5809:
5803:
5800:
5799:
5797:
5793:
5789:
5785:
5780:
5776:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5753:
5751:
5747:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5733:
5732:
5730:
5726:
5720:
5717:
5715:
5712:
5710:
5707:
5706:
5704:
5700:
5696:
5692:
5688:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5668:
5666:
5662:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5640:Batadombalena
5638:
5637:
5635:
5631:
5625:
5622:
5620:
5617:
5615:
5612:
5610:
5607:
5605:
5602:
5601:
5599:
5595:
5589:
5586:
5585:
5583:
5581:
5577:
5571:
5568:
5567:
5565:
5561:
5555:
5552:
5551:
5549:
5545:
5539:
5536:
5535:
5533:
5529:
5523:
5520:
5519:
5517:
5513:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5496:Ras Baalbek I
5494:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5473:
5471:
5467:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5452:
5450:
5446:
5440:
5437:
5436:
5434:
5430:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5385:
5383:
5379:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5332:Nahal Me'arot
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5304:
5302:
5298:
5292:
5289:
5287:
5284:
5283:
5281:
5277:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5227:
5225:
5221:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5196:
5194:
5190:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5150:
5148:
5144:
5138:
5135:
5134:
5132:
5128:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5108:
5106:
5102:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5047:
5045:
5041:
5035:
5032:
5031:
5029:
5025:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4985:
4983:
4979:
4973:
4970:
4969:
4967:
4963:
4957:
4954:
4953:
4951:
4947:
4943:
4939:
4934:
4930:
4916:
4915:Windmill Hill
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4860:Heathery Burn
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4827:
4825:
4821:
4815:
4812:
4811:
4809:
4805:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4790:
4788:
4784:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4719:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4650:
4649:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4632:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4618:
4615:
4614:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4595:Tito Bustillo
4593:
4588:
4584:
4581:
4578:
4576:Las Chimeneas
4575:
4573:
4570:
4569:
4568:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4548:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4533:
4531:
4527:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4502:
4500:
4496:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4476:
4474:
4470:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4445:
4443:
4439:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4402:Akhshtyrskaya
4400:
4399:
4397:
4393:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4368:
4366:
4362:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4350:Pego do Diabo
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4317:
4315:
4311:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4296:
4294:
4290:
4284:
4281:
4280:
4278:
4274:
4268:
4265:
4264:
4262:
4260:
4256:
4250:
4247:
4246:
4244:
4240:
4234:
4231:
4230:
4228:
4224:
4218:
4215:
4214:
4212:
4208:
4202:
4199:
4198:
4196:
4194:
4190:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4168:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4141:Arene Candide
4139:
4137:
4134:
4133:
4131:
4127:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4112:
4110:
4106:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4051:
4049:
4045:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4028:Devil's Tower
4026:
4025:
4023:
4021:
4017:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3985:
3984:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3947:
3945:
3941:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3856:
3853:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3831:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3802:Pair-non-Pair
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3787:Le Mas-d'Azil
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3737:Arcy-sur-Cure
3735:
3732:
3731:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3719:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3676:Font-de-Gaume
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3649:
3646:
3644:Abri Castanet
3643:
3642:
3641:Castel Merle
3640:
3638:
3635:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3623:
3621:
3617:
3611:
3608:
3607:
3605:
3601:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3566:
3564:
3560:
3554:
3551:
3550:
3548:
3544:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3509:
3507:
3503:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3473:
3471:
3467:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3452:
3450:
3446:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3401:
3398:
3397:
3395:
3391:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3361:
3359:
3355:
3351:
3347:
3342:
3338:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3318:
3315:
3311:
3303:
3298:
3296:
3291:
3289:
3284:
3283:
3280:
3274:
3271:
3270:
3266:
3256:
3251:
3247:
3243:
3239:
3235:
3234:
3229:
3222:
3219:
3207:
3203:
3199:
3198:
3193:
3186:
3183:
3171:
3167:
3161:
3158:
3153:
3149:
3146:(1): 129–38.
3145:
3141:
3140:
3132:
3129:
3124:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3086:
3082:
3075:
3073:
3069:
3057:
3053:
3047:
3044:
3039:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3005:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2992:
2987:
2980:
2977:
2972:
2968:
2964:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2946:
2942:
2938:
2934:
2933:
2928:
2921:
2918:
2913:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2895:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2877:
2873:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2857:
2851:
2848:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2822:
2817:
2810:
2807:
2791:
2784:
2783:
2774:
2772:
2768:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2744:
2742:
2738:
2733:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
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1294:Eurasian lynx
1291:
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1282:steppe wisent
1279:
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1253:Equus ovodovi
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845:Afontova Gora
842:
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829:
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820:
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814:
810:
806:
802:
801:Equus ovodovi
798:
794:
793:
792:Equus ovodovi
788:
781:
780:Equus ovodovi
778:
776:
770:DNA from soil
769:
767:
765:
761:
757:
756:Vindija 33.19
753:
749:
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669:
668:introgression
665:
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640:
638:
637:high-coverage
630:distribution.
629:
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583:
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533:sewing needle
530:
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394:Homo denisova
391:
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373:
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362:
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350:
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288:
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275:
274:Denisova Cave
266:
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147:
144:
140:
136:
132:
108:
80:
52:
42:
35:
30:
23:
20:Denisova Cave
7191:Wargata Mina
7151:Murrawijinie
7086:Eagles Reach
7081:Devil's Lair
6985:Wilson Butte
6770:Cherry Creek
6760:Bull Thistle
6505:Chiribiquete
6463:Charlie Lake
6391:Barton Creek
6205:Melkhoutboom
6145:Sterkfontein
6135:Plovers Lake
6068:South Africa
5970:Jebel Irhoud
5955:Ifri N'Ammar
5690:Turkmenistan
5655:Hunugalagala
5439:Iraq ed-Dubb
5204:Jeriji Saléh
4865:High Pasture
4422:Shulgan-Tash
4411:
4345:Pedra Furada
4166:
4005:Lichtenstein
3995:Brillenhöhle
3924:Le Regourdou
3884:La Ferrassie
3879:Combe Grenal
3822:Trois Frères
3757:Fontéchevade
3710:La Madeleine
3364:Drachenhöhle
3237:
3231:
3221:
3209:. Retrieved
3195:
3185:
3174:. Retrieved
3160:
3143:
3137:
3131:
3088:
3084:
3060:. Retrieved
3046:
2995:
2989:
2979:
2936:
2930:
2920:
2867:
2863:
2850:
2838:. Retrieved
2819:
2809:
2797:. Retrieved
2790:the original
2781:
2753:
2695:
2689:
2621:
2617:
2584:
2546:
2542:
2487:(1): 79–81.
2484:
2480:
2470:
2435:
2429:
2402:. Retrieved
2393:
2336:
2332:
2264:
2260:
2191:
2187:
2176:
2136:(1): 43–49.
2133:
2127:
2098:. Retrieved
2089:
2076:
2056:
2049:
2040:
2034:
2018:
2012:
2001:. Retrieved
1997:
1988:
1977:. Retrieved
1968:
1959:
1947:. Retrieved
1940:the original
1919:
1915:
1872:
1868:
1843:. Retrieved
1829:
1817:. Retrieved
1803:
1791:. Retrieved
1714:
1710:
1688:
1673:
1669:
1657:. Retrieved
1646:
1639:Zimmer, Carl
1605:
1601:
1595:
1562:
1558:
1552:
1511:
1507:
1497:
1485:. Retrieved
1476:
1452:. Retrieved
1419:. Retrieved
1415:the original
1402:
1398:
1388:
1362:Altai marmot
1338:least weasel
1286:snow leopard
1251:
1237:
1206:Denisova 25
1194:
1163:
1138:upper molar
1133:
1103:Neanderthal
1089:
1084:
1072:
1043:upper molar
1038:
1018:
984:
979:
945:
902:low-coverage
899:
888:
884:
880:
878:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
854:
834:
800:
790:
784:
779:
773:
763:
760:Vindija Cave
755:
751:
748:introgressed
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
722:to 2.6-fold
719:
714:
705:
695:
671:
663:
655:
647:
643:
641:
633:
596:Svante Pääbo
585:
571:
554:
552:
544:Neanderthals
538:
525:Neanderthals
514:
480:
475:
472:Altay people
468:Old Believer
465:
445:
403:
393:
389:Homo sapiens
387:
381:
368:Neanderthals
365:
273:
272:
258:Neanderthals
7277:New Zealand
7101:Gwion Gwion
6970:Trail Creek
6895:Meadowcroft
6855:Last Supper
6785:Daugherty's
6647:Las Flechas
6432:Rei do Mato
6156:Other caves
6140:Rising Star
6115:Makapansgat
6080:Bolt's Farm
5897:Njoro River
5740:Teshik-Tash
5735:Obi-Rakhmat
5719:Yarımburgaz
5619:Lapuz Lapuz
5597:Philippines
5506:Nachcharini
5501:Ras El Kelb
5460:Tam Pa Ling
5455:Tham An Mah
5337:Nahal Hemar
5085:Zhoukoudian
5060:Guanyindong
5034:Laang Spean
4956:Darra-e Kur
4949:Afghanistan
4895:Portbraddon
4885:Marble Arch
4798:Wildkirchli
4786:Switzerland
4722:Other caves
4695:Ojo Guareña
4675:Maltravieso
4670:Los Casares
4645:Siega Verde
4610:Los Aviones
4605:Santimamiñe
4579:Las Monedas
4572:El Castillo
4479:Čertova pec
4427:Mezmaiskaya
4335:Lagar Velho
4267:Cocev Kamen
4146:Balzi Rossi
3986:Other caves
3975:Sirgenstein
3904:Le Moustier
3894:Fontbrégoua
3854:Bonne-Femme
3834:Other caves
3553:Aetokremnos
3496:Utroba Cave
3402:Claminforge
3399:Belle-Roche
2100:22 December
2090:NYTimes.com
2082:Carl Zimmer
1781:Hirst K K.
1487:5 September
1342:pale weasel
1165:Denisova 11
1108:(disputed)
962:>100 ka
890:Denisova 11
887:. In 2018,
873:Denisova 25
752:Denisova 11
732:Denisova 11
728:Denisova 11
720:Denisova 11
706:Denisova 11
652:nuclear DNA
628:Neanderthal
613:Melanesians
588:Novosibirsk
419:Чёрный Ануй
404:Located in
400:Description
372:bone needle
243:Paleolithic
191: /
167:Coordinates
7445:Mousterian
7404:Categories
7389:Speleology
7206:Wellington
7161:Naracoorte
7146:Mudgegonga
7131:Madjedbebe
7096:Gabarnmung
7036:Ballawinne
7026:Abrakurrie
6925:Pictograph
6703:Qillqatani
6698:Pikimachay
6693:Guitarrero
6688:Chivateros
6667:Oxtotitlán
6520:Tequendama
6230:Wonderwerk
6210:Nelson Bay
6190:Elands Bay
6150:Swartkrans
6095:Gladysvale
6042:Somaliland
5989:Mozambique
5929:Haua Fteah
5728:Uzbekistan
5393:Minatogawa
5388:Kosegasawa
5342:Nahal Oren
5286:Hazar Merd
5255:Qaleh Bozi
5240:Do-Ashkaft
5137:Satsurblia
5104:East Timor
4981:Azerbaijan
4870:Kendrick's
4835:Bontnewydd
4757:Don Gaspar
4710:Praileaitz
4665:Las Caldas
4583:La Pasiega
4510:Divje Babe
4432:Okladnikov
4417:Ignatievka
4340:Pala Pinta
4249:Għar Dalam
4226:Luxembourg
4201:St Brelade
4183:Villabruna
4094:Stravomyti
4084:Megalakkos
4069:Eileithyia
4054:Alepotrypa
3965:Hohle Fels
3851:Balauzière
3807:Pech Merle
3715:Rouffignac
3689:La Micoque
3671:Cro-Magnon
3630:Bara Bahau
3574:Býčí skála
3522:Vela Spila
3481:Devetashka
3476:Bacho Kiro
3211:13 January
3176:2015-11-20
3062:2015-11-20
2003:2020-09-17
1979:2020-09-17
1742:1887/74733
1676:reporter,
1659:31 January
1380:References
1322:brown bear
1306:steppe fox
1302:cave hyena
1248:wild horse
1216:Denisovan
1147:Denisovan
1134:Denisova 8
1090:Denisova 5
1073:H. sapiens
1052:Denisovan
1039:Denisova 4
980:Denisova 3
959:Denisovan
946:Denisova 2
931:Discovery
885:Denisova 5
869:Denisova 8
865:Denisova 4
861:Denisova 3
857:Denisova 2
744:Denisova 3
740:Denisova 3
736:Denisova 3
540:Denisovans
517:Mousterian
458:research.
448:cave hyena
441:karst cave
428:Anuy River
412:, both in
406:Altai Krai
254:Denisovans
179:84°40′34″E
176:51°23′51″N
150:Altai Krai
7355:Nanumanga
7339:Falemauga
7250:Makauwahi
7019:Australia
6975:Trinchera
6850:La Grange
6820:Gatecliff
6815:Franktown
6810:Fort Rock
6790:Dry Creek
6708:Toquepala
6672:Sac Actun
6662:Ox Bel Ha
6652:Frightful
6637:Coxcatlan
6616:Long Mile
6370:Quadiriki
6347:Argentina
6185:Diepkloof
6170:Boomplaas
6125:Minnaar's
6110:Kromdraai
6059:Laas Geel
6054:Dhaymoole
6049:Dhambalin
6012:Apollo 11
5913:Liphofung
5839:Shum Laka
5802:Gueldaman
5756:Con Moong
5633:Sri Lanka
5580:Palestine
5554:Padah-Lin
5491:Ksar Akil
5423:Yamashita
5408:Pinza-Abu
5214:Pettakere
5209:Liang Bua
5192:Indonesia
5178:Pahargarh
5163:Bhimbetka
5121:Lene Hara
5111:Jerimalai
5090:Zengpiyan
5080:Yuchanyan
4880:Long Hole
4777:del Valle
4752:dels Bous
4705:la Pileta
4640:Atapuerca
4555:Covalanas
4453:Pešturina
4381:Muierilor
4371:Coliboaia
4283:Svarthola
4099:Theopetra
4089:Petralona
4074:Franchthi
4064:Asphendou
4020:Gibraltar
3990:Baumann's
3980:Vogelherd
3955:Bockstein
3934:Vallonnet
3929:Rochereil
3919:Raymonden
3909:Noisetier
3861:Bruniquel
3782:Marsoulas
3772:Lombrives
3767:La Marche
3693:La Mouthe
3659:Abri Audi
3637:Cap Blanc
3579:Koněprusy
3569:Amatérská
3537:Veternica
3486:Kozarnika
3460:Ledenjača
3384:Tischofer
3374:Lurgrotte
3240:(15457).
3020:0028-0836
2963:0028-0836
2894:0028-0836
2840:30 August
2830:0036-8733
2799:30 August
2646:2375-2548
2503:2380-2359
2339:: 23559.
2289:0028-0836
2216:0028-0836
1845:March 28,
1819:March 28,
1793:March 24,
1751:0036-8075
1587:225494150
1565:: 47–67.
1454:March 24,
1405:: 57–68.
1330:wolverine
1314:grey wolf
1258:Irish elk
1055:30–50 ka
1003:30–50 ka
999:Denisovan
919:Location
797:Khakassia
712:(mtDNA).
521:Levallois
491:sediments
452:cave lion
287:romanized
216:limestone
7196:Warratyi
7181:Tarragal
7171:Nunamira
7156:Murujuga
7121:Kutikina
7116:Koonalda
7111:Koongine
7071:Cliefden
7066:Cave Bay
6965:Tomaquag
6950:Sisyphus
6880:Mantle's
6870:Lovelock
6865:LoDaisKa
6845:Humboldt
6729:Werehpai
6722:Suriname
6632:Chan Hol
6551:Centella
6541:Ambrosio
6493:Colombia
6458:Bluefish
6302:Zimbabwe
6239:Tanzania
6225:Stadsaal
6130:Motsetsi
6100:Gondolin
6090:Drimolen
6085:Cooper's
5980:Taforalt
5950:Hercules
5876:Swimmers
5848:DR Congo
5832:Cameroon
5811:Botswana
5681:Tham Lod
5671:Pha Taem
5664:Thailand
5645:Belilena
5563:Pakistan
5531:Mongolia
5515:Malaysia
5476:Antelias
5418:Tobayama
5372:Zuttiyeh
5291:Shanidar
5153:Ambadevi
5070:Tianyuan
5050:Baishiya
5027:Cambodia
4767:El Mirón
4762:Guanches
4737:Armintxe
4655:Bacinete
4600:Altxerri
4589:El Pendo
4559:La Garma
4541:Altamira
4498:Slovenia
4489:Jasovská
4472:Slovakia
4458:Risovača
4412:Denisova
4376:Cuciulat
4330:Furninha
4325:Escoural
4313:Portugal
4304:Paradise
4299:Obłazowa
4233:Loschbur
4173:Paglicci
4156:Corbeddu
4038:Vanguard
4033:Gorham's
3914:La Quina
3857:Bouillon
3844:Aurignac
3648:Reverdit
3633:Bernifal
3512:Grapčeva
3469:Bulgaria
3429:Scladina
3416:Naulette
3379:Salzofen
3170:Archived
3123:31249872
3056:Archived
3038:21179161
2971:21179140
2912:20336068
2903:10152974
2834:Archived
2779:(2011).
2732:26630009
2664:28695206
2581:37138083
2572:10247382
2521:33473722
2462:30135540
2398:Archived
2371:27020421
2307:30135579
2234:29562232
2168:24352235
2094:Archived
2023:Archived
1973:Archived
1936:21868646
1891:20336101
1839:Archived
1813:Archived
1787:Archived
1759:28450384
1681:Archived
1653:Archived
1544:59525956
1536:30700870
1481:Archived
1448:Archived
1421:18 March
1368:See also
1278:wild yak
1274:reindeer
1266:red deer
1219:~200 ka
1141:11.4–12
1106:30–50 ka
1011:Team of
913:Element
724:coverage
499:charcoal
476:Ayu-Tash
474:call it
436:Silurian
331:in the
317:Ayu Tash
250:Cultures
204:Altitude
162:, Russia
142:Location
7307:Chugai'
7289:Ruakuri
7224:Gadao's
7201:Warreen
7136:Mammoth
7106:Jenolan
7051:Blanche
7031:Acheron
7008:Oceania
6980:Ventana
6960:Tainter
6935:Russell
6920:Pendejo
6915:Paisley
6875:Mammoth
6795:Durango
6755:Bonfire
6609:Jamaica
6576:Curaçao
6515:Sáchica
6500:El Abra
6484:Milodón
6427:Peruaçu
6417:Maquiné
6309:Bambata
6288:Kalemba
6160:Blombos
6105:Haasgat
6026:Nigeria
6005:Namibia
5943:Morocco
5906:Lesotho
5818:Tsodilo
5795:Algeria
5749:Vietnam
5709:Belbaşı
5695:Dzhebel
5650:Fa Hien
5609:Kalanay
5570:Sanghao
5547:Myanmar
5486:Kaukaba
5469:Lebanon
5357:Raqefet
5327:Misliya
5312:HaYonim
5260:Warwasi
5235:Darband
5230:Bisitun
5199:Harimau
5173:Gudiyam
5168:Edakkal
5130:Georgia
5075:Xianren
5003:Damjili
4998:Buzeyir
4972:Areni-1
4965:Armenia
4890:Oldbury
4855:Gough's
4840:Cathole
4814:Verteba
4807:Ukraine
4364:Romania
4355:Salemas
4320:Aroeira
4151:Cavallo
4136:Addaura
4115:Baradla
4108:Hungary
4059:Apidima
3943:Germany
3899:Lazaret
3827:Villars
3747:Cosquer
3727:Chauvet
3705:Lascaux
3603:Finland
3527:Vindija
3517:Krapina
3505:Croatia
3425:Ramioul
3393:Belgium
3369:Gudenus
3357:Austria
3255:8322063
3114:6594762
3093:Bibcode
3029:4306417
3000:Bibcode
2941:Bibcode
2872:Bibcode
2754:Science
2723:4697428
2700:Bibcode
2655:5501502
2626:Bibcode
2551:Bibcode
2512:7800821
2440:Bibcode
2404:1 April
2362:4810434
2341:Bibcode
2298:6130845
2269:Bibcode
2225:6485383
2196:Bibcode
2159:4031459
2138:Bibcode
1916:Science
1719:Bibcode
1711:Science
1610:Bibcode
1567:Bibcode
1516:Bibcode
1334:kolonok
1310:red fox
1197:(2016)
1187:Female
1184:~90 ka
1181:hybrid
1111:Female
1006:Female
985:X Woman
965:Female
851:Fossils
604:Leipzig
592:phalanx
536:Cave."
462:History
424:Barnaul
335:of the
325:
301:
289::
278:Russian
239:Periods
234:History
7348:Tuvalu
7284:Moncks
7268:Pindai
7243:Hawaii
7234:Talagi
7229:Mahlac
7091:Fossil
7076:Cloggs
7061:Burrup
6940:Sandia
6885:Marmes
6830:Hidden
6825:Graham
6780:Danger
6765:Burnet
6625:Mexico
6600:Pomier
6561:Patana
6546:Calero
6525:Tibitó
6451:Canada
6412:Gentio
6405:Brazil
6379:Belize
6293:Mumbwa
6281:Zambia
6265:Uganda
6246:Kondoa
6220:Sibudu
6165:Border
6120:Malapa
5996:Ngalue
5871:Beasts
5855:Matupi
5784:Africa
5714:Karain
5702:Turkey
5676:Spirit
5614:Minori
5604:Callao
5588:Shuqba
5432:Jordan
5403:Ōzakai
5398:Muroya
5347:Qafzeh
5317:Kebara
5300:Israel
5270:Yafteh
5265:Wezmeh
5095:Zhiren
5008:Tağlar
4910:Thor's
4845:Coygan
4793:Bichon
4747:Bedmar
4715:Sidrón
4551:Chufín
4484:Domica
4441:Serbia
4395:Russia
4292:Poland
4276:Norway
4210:Kosovo
4193:Jersey
4178:Romito
4120:Szelim
4079:Kleidi
4047:Greece
3752:Cussac
3742:Gargas
3697:Pataud
3619:France
3589:Mladeč
3546:Cyprus
3491:Magura
3455:Badanj
3448:Bosnia
3346:Europe
3252:
3121:
3111:
3036:
3026:
3018:
2991:Nature
2969:
2961:
2932:Nature
2910:
2900:
2892:
2864:Nature
2828:
2730:
2720:
2662:
2652:
2644:
2579:
2569:
2543:Nature
2519:
2509:
2501:
2460:
2431:Nature
2369:
2359:
2305:
2295:
2287:
2261:Nature
2232:
2222:
2214:
2188:Nature
2166:
2156:
2129:Nature
2064:
1949:9 July
1934:
1889:
1869:Nature
1757:
1749:
1585:
1542:
1534:
1508:Nature
1360:, and
1209:molar
1195:et al.
1120:(2011)
1019:et al.
940:Notes
937:Image
916:Layer
871:, and
841:Mal'ta
813:zebras
787:equine
646:. The
606:; its
519:- and
483:strata
414:Russia
309:Аю-Таш
156:Region
137:Аю-Таш
7332:Samoa
7186:Ubirr
7176:ORS 7
6945:Shoup
6905:Mummy
6900:Modoc
6890:Martz
6840:Hogup
6750:Baker
6566:Pluma
6472:Chile
6437:Santo
6363:Aruba
6332:North
6272:Nyero
6256:Mumba
6180:Cango
5922:Libya
5885:Kenya
5864:Egypt
5761:Ngườm
5624:Tabon
5481:Jeita
5381:Japan
5367:Tabun
5362:Skhul
5352:Qesem
5322:Manot
5183:Tikla
5158:Belum
5146:India
5116:Laili
5065:Luobi
5055:Fuyan
5043:China
5018:Gazma
4993:Azykh
4988:Allar
4875:Kents
4742:Axlor
4732:Antón
4727:Ángel
4685:Nerja
4623:Araña
4529:Spain
4520:Potok
4515:Pekel
4505:Betal
4242:Malta
4167:Felci
4129:Italy
4010:Ofnet
3870:Cauna
3866:Calès
3839:Arago
3817:Renne
3797:Niaux
3594:Šipka
3584:Kůlna
3411:Goyet
3406:Engis
2793:(PDF)
2786:(PDF)
1943:(PDF)
1912:(PDF)
1583:S2CID
1540:S2CID
1354:sable
1350:stoat
1318:dhole
1298:manul
1270:moose
1228:2024
1225:2024
1222:Male
1190:2014
1152:Male
1114:2010
1097:11.4
1061:2000
1058:Male
1046:11.1
992:11.2
968:1984
953:22.1
922:Type
910:Name
817:asses
803:as a
758:from
361:horse
347:and
305:Altay
220:karst
7375:Cave
7323:Kilu
7216:Guam
7056:Bone
6860:Levi
6800:Dust
6681:Peru
6584:Hato
6556:Cura
6534:Cuba
6479:Fell
6334:and
6251:Bahi
5522:Niah
5448:Laos
5307:Amud
5279:Iraq
5223:Iran
4938:Asia
4905:Sand
4690:Niño
4386:Oase
4161:Deer
3889:Fées
3610:Wolf
3213:2024
3119:PMID
3034:PMID
3016:ISSN
2967:PMID
2959:ISSN
2908:PMID
2890:ISSN
2842:2015
2826:ISSN
2801:2015
2728:PMID
2691:PNAS
2660:PMID
2642:ISSN
2577:PMID
2517:PMID
2499:ISSN
2458:PMID
2406:2016
2367:PMID
2303:PMID
2285:ISSN
2230:PMID
2212:ISSN
2164:PMID
2102:2010
2062:ISBN
1951:2013
1932:PMID
1887:PMID
1847:2010
1821:2010
1795:2010
1755:PMID
1747:ISSN
1661:2019
1532:PMID
1489:2016
1456:2010
1423:2018
1009:2008
928:Sex
925:Age
843:and
815:and
546:and
329:cave
323:lit.
299:lit.
226:Area
212:Type
6033:Rop
5013:Zar
3848:Azé
3434:Spy
3250:PMC
3242:doi
3202:doi
3148:doi
3109:PMC
3101:doi
3024:PMC
3008:doi
2996:468
2949:doi
2937:468
2898:PMC
2880:doi
2868:464
2758:doi
2718:PMC
2708:doi
2696:112
2650:PMC
2634:doi
2567:PMC
2559:doi
2547:618
2507:PMC
2489:doi
2448:doi
2436:560
2357:PMC
2349:doi
2293:PMC
2277:doi
2265:561
2220:PMC
2204:doi
2192:555
2154:PMC
2146:doi
2134:505
1924:doi
1920:333
1877:doi
1873:464
1737:hdl
1727:doi
1715:356
1618:doi
1575:doi
1563:559
1524:doi
1512:565
1407:doi
1173:12
1088:or
983:or
602:in
497:on
489:of
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