349:
55:
33:
401:
426:
283:
are able to capture and extracellularly digest their prey, which in turn speeds up their process of digestion. For example, squid and fish are larger prey that would need to be reduced to smaller particles for easier and more efficient digestion. The nematocysts on their tentacles and oral arms aid
339:
jellyfish are predicted to follow a metagenetic life cycle. Under this life cycle, a planula larva develops into the deposits of the ocean floor and begins asexually reproducing as a polyp. These sessile polyps are further induced into sexually reproducing medusa by an environmental stimuli. The
477:
that alternate between endoparasitic and ectoparasitic during different stages of their life cycle. As young, they reside in the gastrovascular system for development and transition into ectoparasites that feed on the epidermal layer of the jellyfish. In 1973, Bowman identified
340:
jellyfish migrate from the deep depths of the ocean to the surface periodically, but tend to be found primarily in deeper waters around 200–3000 meters below sea level. More research must be done to fully understand the temporal patterns and life cycle of these jellyfish.
153:
family found in colder waters near the
Antarctic region and off of the coast of Argentina. They have a bell diameter that can extend over 1 meter and wide tentacles that are grouped together in clusters. They share similar anatomical and physiological structures to the
244:. They have a strong, well-developed radial and circular arrangement of muscles and thick tentacles that are attached in clusters to the base of their bodies. Similar to their anatomical structures, the gastrovascular system of
640:
Bayha, Keith M.; Dawson, MichaelN. (2010). "New Family of
Allomorphic Jellyfishes, Drymonematidae (Scyphozoa, Discomedusae), Emphasizes Evolution in the Functional Morphology and Trophic Ecology of Gelatinous Zooplankton".
257:. They have 16 radial pouches filled with digestive enzymes that branch off from the stomach to their fluid-filled canals. Digestion begins extracellularly and is completed intracellularly.
290:
serves as an exception to this rule by feeding on smaller and weaker prey because of their thinner tentacles that would not be able to easily grasp a larger prey. Generally,
969:
Southcott, R.V. (1987). "The occurrence of
Desmonema gaudichaudi (Lesson) (Scyphozoa, Semaeostomea) in South Australian waters with records of fish-jellyfish symbioses".
915:
Larson, R.J.; Harbison, G.R. (1990). "Medusae from
Mcmurdo Sound, Ross Sea including the descriptions of two new species, Leuckartiara brownei and Benthocodon hyalinus".
1130:"Associations of fish juveniles with rhizostome jellyfishes in the Philippines, with taxonomic remarks on a commercially harvested species in Carigara Bay, Leyte Island"
779:"Medusae (Scyphozoa and Cubozoa) from southwestern Atlantic and Subantarctic region (32 60S, 34 70W): species composition, spatial distribution and life history traits"
463:
species was found inside of the gastrovascular system and on the subumbrella around the mouth of the jellyfish feeding on its epidermal tissues. The presence of the
1365:
1391:
264:
display sophisticated behavior and process environmental information through their advanced neural network. The nervous system works in conjunction with the
1061:
Suzuki, Kentaro S.; Suzuki, Keita W.; Kumakura, Emi; Sato, Kana; Oe, Yutaro; Sato, Tasuku; Sawada, Hideki; Masuda, Reiji; Nogata, Yasuyuki (2019-11-21).
1460:
1339:
467:
in the gastrovascular system is vital for their early development when they are released. The degree of parasitism varies between populations, but
1378:
1169:
Larson, R.J. (1986). "Biology of the
Antarctic Seas 16. Pelagic Scyphomedusae (Scyphozoa: Coronatae and Semaeostomeae) of the Southern Ocean".
348:
1008:
839:"The interrelationship of Hyperia galba (Crustacea, Amphipoda) and Desmonema gaudichaudi (Scyphomedusae, Semaeostomae) from the Antarctic"
397:
genus. The harmful nematocysts of jellyfish make them more appealing hosts for smaller specimen, like fish, crustaceans, helminths, etc.
620:
Larson, R.J. "Biology of the
Antarctic Seas 16. Pelagic Scyphomedusae (Scyphozoa: Coronatae and Semaeostomeae) of the Southern Ocean".
1427:
705:"A review and synthesis on the systematics and evolution of jellyfish blooms: advantageous aggregations and adaptive assemblages"
1465:
1383:
1197:
777:
Schiariti, Agustin
Schiariti; Dutto, M. Sofia; Pereyra, Daiana Y.; Failla, Gabriela; Morandini, Andre C. (2018-05-10).
1300:
269:
1470:
1396:
54:
1063:"Seasonal alternation of the ontogenetic development of the moon jellyfish Aurelia coerulea in Maizuru Bay, Japan"
1291:
563:
519:
372:
163:. Their sophisticated structures like the thick tentacles, sensory systems, and gastrovascular system allow
541:
498:
453:
412:
387:
319:
307:
41:
1253:
587:, but its tentacle origin and radial muscle strands on the underside of the jellyfish resembles the genus
485:
1151:
530:
313:
286:
1432:
1406:
1326:
1209:
1074:
480:
431:
187:
311:
population is commonly found between the
Subantarctic Neritic and the Subantarctic Oceanic Domains.
599:
575:
1455:
1233:
940:
892:
732:
674:
589:
552:
437:
253:
232:
159:
49:
1414:
1370:
1313:
1225:
1110:
1092:
1040:
1014:
1004:
932:
884:
810:
724:
666:
658:
474:
1217:
1178:
1141:
1100:
1082:
924:
876:
865:"A character-based analysis of the evolution of jellyfish blooms: adaptation and exaptation"
800:
790:
716:
650:
1419:
583:
by
Agassiz and Mayer in 1898. This species was identified in Largs Bay, South Australia as
445:
In Signy Island, South Orkney Island, the first link of a parasitic relationship between
305:
are reported to be found near colder regions, specifically towards the
Antarctic region.
1213:
1078:
1105:
1062:
391:
exhibited a symbiotic relationship with juvenile fishes identified primarily with the
32:
1449:
1237:
864:
704:
492:
469:
459:
447:
406:
332:
192:
106:
944:
896:
795:
778:
736:
678:
240:
tend to have a wider bell diameter between 20 and 100 centimeters compared to other
1318:
172:
1305:
1155:
1087:
1352:
1285:
1276:
1221:
1129:
880:
720:
182:
1229:
1096:
1018:
936:
888:
814:
728:
662:
317:
is found in the Subantarctic region, as well as near the coast of Argentina.
1044:
464:
393:
366:
354:
265:
261:
258:
241:
177:
150:
116:
96:
66:
1114:
670:
400:
838:
654:
167:
to easily capture and extracellularly digest their prey. In recent years,
1270:
86:
1344:
1182:
928:
805:
1357:
1146:
76:
1247:
425:
1202:
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom
424:
410:
that was found to display an obligate parasitic relationship with
399:
347:
249:
155:
146:
1331:
1251:
845:(27): 39–49 – via National Environment Research Council.
323:
is common in the Falkland Islands in the Subantarctic region.
213:
207:
201:
195:
1198:"Integrative taxonomy: ghosts of past, present and future"
435:
that displays an obligate parasitic relationship with
490:
and they displayed similar parasitic behavior as the
971:
Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia
358:
fish that may exhibit a symbiotic relationship with
1260:
364:. It has not been identified the exact species of
1196:Gómez Daglio, Liza; Dawson, Michael N (2019).
863:Dawson, Michael N; Hamner, William M. (2009).
703:Hamner, William M.; Dawson, Michael N (2009).
294:are considered pelagic and benthic predators.
8:
510:The following comprises a list of the known
457:was recorded by White and Bone in 1972. The
284:in capturing and digesting larger prey. The
1248:
783:Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research
31:
20:
1145:
1104:
1086:
804:
794:
612:
191:genus. The genus name derives from the
1056:
1054:
1030:
1028:
977:: 131–132 – via Web of Science.
772:
770:
768:
766:
7:
1407:8a99b5a8-38d0-4a33-bab6-08cd4becb9c5
994:
992:
990:
988:
986:
984:
964:
962:
960:
958:
956:
954:
910:
908:
906:
858:
856:
854:
852:
832:
830:
828:
826:
824:
764:
762:
760:
758:
756:
754:
752:
750:
748:
746:
698:
696:
694:
692:
690:
688:
635:
633:
631:
230:closely resembles that of the genus
597:. It was later changed by Mayer to
185:relationship with specimens of the
175:relationship with fishes under the
999:Pechenik, Jan A. (16 March 2014).
370:that displays this relationship. (
14:
843:British Antarctic Survey Bulletin
1461:Cnidarians of the Atlantic Ocean
837:White, M.G.; Bone, D.G. (1972).
53:
1134:Plankton & Benthos Research
796:10.3856/vol46-issue2-fulltext-1
1:
1088:10.1371/journal.pone.0225513
1001:Biology of the invertebrates
569:Gershwin & Zeidler 2008)
385:In South Australian waters,
226:The anatomical structure of
208:
196:
1185:– via Web of Science.
579:was formerly identified as
272:, and the sensory lappets.
1487:
214:
202:
1222:10.1017/S0025315419000201
1171:Antarctic Research Series
1003:. McGraw-Hill Education.
881:10.1007/s10750-008-9591-x
721:10.1007/s10750-008-9620-9
622:Antarctic Research Series
416:(White & Bone 1972).
50:Scientific classification
48:
39:
30:
23:
1035:Stiasny, Gustav (1934).
171:were reported to have a
643:The Biological Bulletin
298:Population distribution
248:strongly resembles the
206:), meaning "bond", and
149:of jellyfish under the
1466:Taxa described in 1862
1128:Kondo, Yusuke (2014).
564:Desmonema scoresbyanna
520:Desmonema chierchianum
442:
417:
377:
1292:Desmonema (Cyaneidae)
1158:– via ProQuest.
655:10.1086/bblv219n3p249
542:Desmonema gaudichaudi
499:Desmonema gaudichaudi
454:Desmonema gaudichaudi
428:
413:Desmonema gaudichaudi
403:
388:Desmonema gaudichaudi
351:
320:Desmonema chierchiana
308:Desmonema gaudichaudi
218:), meaning "thread".
42:Desmonema gaudichaudi
1039:. University Press.
481:Hyperia macrocephala
473:has been defined as
432:Hyperia macrocephala
1214:2019JMBUK..99.1237G
1079:2019PLoSO..1425513S
484:on the interior of
373:Trachurus trachurus
1183:10.1029/AR041p0059
929:10.1007/bf00236517
553:Desmonema glaciale
487:Desmonema glaciale
475:obligate parasites
443:
438:Desmonema glaciale
418:
378:
331:Falling under the
16:Genus of jellyfish
1471:Scyphozoan genera
1443:
1442:
1415:Open Tree of Life
1254:Taxon identifiers
1010:978-981-4738-61-3
570:
559:
548:
537:
531:Desmonema comatum
526:
314:Desmonema comatum
287:Desmonema comatum
138:
137:
134:
1478:
1436:
1435:
1423:
1422:
1410:
1409:
1400:
1399:
1387:
1386:
1374:
1373:
1361:
1360:
1348:
1347:
1335:
1334:
1322:
1321:
1309:
1308:
1296:
1295:
1294:
1281:
1280:
1279:
1249:
1242:
1241:
1208:(6): 1237–1246.
1193:
1187:
1186:
1166:
1160:
1159:
1149:
1147:10.3800/pbr.9.51
1125:
1119:
1118:
1108:
1090:
1073:(11): e0225513.
1058:
1049:
1048:
1032:
1023:
1022:
996:
979:
978:
966:
949:
948:
912:
901:
900:
860:
847:
846:
834:
819:
818:
808:
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774:
741:
740:
700:
683:
682:
637:
626:
625:
617:
568:
557:
546:
535:
524:
352:An example of a
217:
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205:
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199:
132:
58:
57:
35:
21:
1486:
1485:
1481:
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1475:
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1439:
1431:
1426:
1418:
1413:
1405:
1403:
1395:
1390:
1382:
1377:
1369:
1364:
1356:
1351:
1343:
1338:
1330:
1325:
1317:
1312:
1304:
1299:
1290:
1289:
1284:
1275:
1274:
1269:
1256:
1246:
1245:
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1190:
1168:
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1163:
1127:
1126:
1122:
1060:
1059:
1052:
1034:
1033:
1026:
1011:
998:
997:
982:
968:
967:
952:
914:
913:
904:
862:
861:
850:
836:
835:
822:
776:
775:
744:
702:
701:
686:
639:
638:
629:
619:
618:
614:
609:
585:Desmonema rosea
581:Desmonema rosea
525:Vanhöffen 1888)
508:
441:(Bowman 1973).
423:
383:
346:
329:
300:
278:
224:
131:
52:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1375:
1362:
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1310:
1297:
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1264:
1258:
1257:
1252:
1244:
1243:
1188:
1161:
1120:
1050:
1024:
1009:
980:
950:
902:
875:(1): 193–215.
848:
820:
789:(2): 240–257.
742:
715:(1): 161–191.
684:
649:(3): 249–267.
627:
611:
610:
608:
605:
572:
571:
560:
549:
538:
527:
507:
504:
422:
419:
382:
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345:
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328:
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223:
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136:
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37:
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28:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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1199:
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1176:
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1143:
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1131:
1124:
1121:
1116:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1098:
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1089:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1057:
1055:
1051:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1037:Scyphomedusae
1031:
1029:
1025:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1006:
1002:
995:
993:
991:
989:
987:
985:
981:
976:
972:
965:
963:
961:
959:
957:
955:
951:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
917:Polar Biology
911:
909:
907:
903:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
869:Hydrobiologia
866:
859:
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853:
849:
844:
840:
833:
831:
829:
827:
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821:
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773:
771:
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751:
749:
747:
743:
738:
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718:
714:
710:
709:Hydrobiologia
706:
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695:
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623:
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533:
532:
528:
522:
521:
517:
516:
515:
513:
505:
503:
501:
500:
495:
494:
493:Hyperia galba
489:
488:
483:
482:
476:
472:
471:
470:Hyperia galba
466:
462:
461:
460:Hyperia galba
456:
455:
450:
449:
448:Hyperia galba
440:
439:
434:
433:
427:
420:
415:
414:
409:
408:
407:Hyperia galba
402:
398:
396:
395:
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389:
380:
376:
374:
369:
368:
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362:
357:
356:
350:
344:Relationships
343:
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260:
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251:
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243:
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235:
234:
229:
221:
219:
210:
198:
194:
193:Ancient Greek
190:
189:
184:
180:
179:
174:
170:
166:
162:
161:
157:
152:
148:
144:
143:
130:
129:
125:
122:
121:
118:
115:
112:
111:
108:
107:Semaeostomeae
105:
102:
101:
98:
95:
92:
91:
88:
85:
82:
81:
78:
75:
72:
71:
68:
65:
62:
61:
56:
51:
47:
44:
43:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
1261:
1205:
1201:
1191:
1174:
1170:
1164:
1137:
1133:
1123:
1070:
1066:
1036:
1000:
974:
970:
920:
916:
872:
868:
842:
786:
782:
712:
708:
646:
642:
621:
615:
600:Cyanea rosea
598:
594:
593:rather than
588:
584:
580:
576:Cyanea rosea
574:
573:
562:
558:Larson 1986)
551:
547:Lesson 1832)
540:
536:Larson 1986)
529:
518:
511:
509:
497:
491:
486:
479:
468:
458:
452:
446:
444:
436:
430:
411:
405:
392:
386:
384:
371:
365:
360:
359:
353:
336:
330:
318:
312:
306:
302:
301:
291:
285:
280:
279:
252:
245:
237:
231:
227:
225:
186:
181:genus and a
176:
168:
164:
158:
141:
140:
139:
133:Agassiz 1862
127:
126:
40:
24:
18:
1353:iNaturalist
1286:Wikispecies
806:11336/86840
333:Semaeostome
242:Scyphozoans
1450:Categories
1177:: 59–165.
1156:1618955957
607:References
327:Life cycle
266:statocysts
259:Scyphozoan
1456:Cyaneidae
1306:Desmonema
1262:Desmonema
1238:150316119
1230:0025-3154
1140:: 51–56.
1097:1932-6203
1019:951205991
937:0722-4060
889:0018-8158
815:0718-560X
729:0018-8158
663:0006-3185
603:in 1910.
595:Desmonema
514:species:
512:Desmonema
465:Amphipoda
421:Parasitic
394:Trachurus
381:Symbiotic
367:Trachurus
361:Desmonema
355:Trachurus
337:Desmonema
303:Desmonema
292:Desmonema
281:Desmonema
262:jellyfish
246:Desmonema
238:Desmonema
228:Desmonema
183:parasitic
178:Trachurus
173:commensal
169:Desmonema
165:Desmonema
151:Cyaneidae
142:Desmonema
128:Desmonema
117:Cyaneidae
97:Scyphozoa
73:Kingdom:
67:Eukaryota
25:Desmonema
1332:47069461
1277:Q3998994
1271:Wikidata
1152:ProQuest
1115:31751435
1067:PLOS ONE
1045:14074146
945:19335199
897:22168755
737:36276934
679:25349180
671:21183445
113:Family:
87:Cnidaria
83:Phylum:
77:Animalia
63:Domain:
1371:1369391
1345:2264482
1210:Bibcode
1106:6872181
1075:Bibcode
624:(1986).
506:Species
496:on the
335:order,
276:Feeding
222:Anatomy
188:Hyperia
123:Genus:
103:Order:
93:Class:
1433:267381
1404:NZOR:
1397:880260
1358:379633
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590:Cyanea
270:ocelli
254:Cyanea
233:Cyanea
203:δεσμός
197:desmós
160:Cyanea
1428:WoRMS
1420:49543
1384:51687
1366:IRMNG
1319:84MSB
1234:S2CID
941:S2CID
923:(1).
893:S2CID
733:S2CID
675:S2CID
250:genus
156:genus
147:genus
145:is a
1392:NCBI
1379:ITIS
1340:GBIF
1226:ISSN
1111:PMID
1093:ISSN
1041:OCLC
1015:OCLC
1005:ISBN
933:ISSN
885:ISSN
811:ISSN
725:ISSN
667:PMID
659:ISSN
451:and
215:νῆμᾰ
209:nêma
1327:EoL
1314:CoL
1301:AFD
1218:doi
1179:doi
1142:doi
1101:PMC
1083:doi
975:111
925:doi
877:doi
873:616
801:hdl
791:doi
717:doi
713:616
651:doi
647:219
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