2057:. The biggest change to foreign policy dealt with "uncommitted nations". There were two types of neutrality according to the Soviets, those by ideology and those by circumstance. Many of the nations that were neutral came from both of these groups and were former colonies of European powers. During Stalin there was no room for neutral countries and the idea of neutral powers came about under Khrushchev. Khrushchev's biggest contribution to foreign policy is taking advantage of other aspects of de-Stalinisation to try to show the world a different Soviet Union more in line with traditional socialist ideals in Lenin era.
1772:
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1678:. He was soon removed from power, arrested on 26 June 1953, and executed on 24 December 1953. Khrushchev emerged as the most powerful Soviet politician. A period of "silent de-Stalinization" subsequently took place, as the revision of Stalin's policies was done in secret, and often with no explanation. There were dangers in denouncing Stalin as he was placed on a pedestal both at home and among
60:
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1970:
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processes began the release of most prisoners. Former political prisoners often faced ingrained hostility upon their return, which made it difficult to reintegrate into normal life. On 25 October 1956, a resolution of the CPSU declared that the existence of the Gulag labour system was "inexpedient".
1824:
argues that
Khrushchev's purpose was to "liberate Party officials from the fear of repression". Khrushchev argued that if the Party were to be an efficient mechanism, stripped from the brutal abuse of power by any individual, it could transform the Soviet Union as well as the entire world.
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1886:
For those who remained, Khrushchev attempted to make the Gulag labour system less harsh, by allowing prisoners to post letters home to their families, and by allowing family members to mail clothes to prisoners, which was not allowed under Stalin.
1848:
and other political opponents who had been within "Stalin's inner circle" during the 1930s more than he had been. If they did not "come over to
Khrushchev", they "risk being banished with Stalin" and associated with his dictatorial control.
1745:
1797:, delivering an address laying out some of Stalin's crimes and the "conditions of insecurity, fear, and even desperation" created by Stalin. Khrushchev shocked his listeners by denouncing Stalin's dictatorial rule and his
1856:
argues that the speech was "deliberate" and "was designed to determine
Khrushchev's political fate", as, according to him, necessary initiatives were already taken "to resolve the ills of Stalin's dictatorship".
3858:
1832:
and place the blame squarely on Stalin's shoulders, thus preventing a more radical debate. The publication of this speech caused many party members to resign in protest, both abroad and within the Soviet Union.
1650:, no direct association between Stalin as a person and "the cult of personality" was openly made by Khrushchev or others within the party, although archival documents show that strong criticism of Stalin and
3345:
1756:
in order to investigate Stalin's activities on behalf of the
Presidium. This investigation determined that out of the 1,920,635 arrested for anti-Soviet activities, 688,503 (35.8 per cent) were executed.
800:
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agrees: "The era which came to be called the 'Thaw' was indeed an era of change, but change of a particular kind: reforms took two steps forward, and then one step—or sometimes three steps—back."
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1805:, people who had supported communism before the revolution, many of whom Stalin had executed as traitors. Khrushchev also attacked the crimes committed by associates of Beria.
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said that
Khrushchev spoke out of a "movement of the heart". This, the Communists believed, would prevent a fatal loss of self-belief and restore unity within the Party.
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1923:, Poland was renamed in 1956. Stalin Peak, the highest point in the USSR, was renamed Communism Peak. After the collapse of the USSR, the mountain was renamed
163:
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2096:
De-Stalinization has been considered a fragile process. Historian Polly Jones said that "re-Stalinization" was highly likely after a brief period of "thaw".
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MOSCOW, Saturday, Nov. 11 (Reuters) – The 'Hero City' of
Stalingrad has been renamed Volgograd, the Soviet Communist party newspaper Pravda reported today.
1716:, a close ally of Khrushchev, played a significant role in the early de-Stalinization process. In March 1954, he called for the rehabilitation of the poet
1481:
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3723:
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McClarnand, Elaine. "The
Politics of History and Historical Revisionism: De-Stalinization and the Search for Identity in Gorbachev's Russia, 1985–1991."
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2794:(October 31) 1961, Russia's de-Stalinisation program reached a climax when his body was removed from the mausoleum in Red Square and re-buried.
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1710:". However, due to the huge influx of prisoners returning from the camps (90,000 prisoners in 1954–55 alone), this could not continue.
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33:
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While de-Stalinization had been quietly underway ever since Stalin's death, the watershed event was
Khrushchev's speech entitled "
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1900:
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1989:
across the USSR. For example, the monument to Stalin in the
Armenian capital Yerevan was removed in spring 1962 and replaced by
1828:
However, others have suggested that the speech was made in order to deflect blame from the
Communist Party or the principles of
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227:
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877:
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1635:
1154:
653:
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1002:
992:
915:
43:
2597:[System of places of detention in the USSR, 1929–1960]. In Smirnov, M. B.; Okhotin, N. G.; Roginsky, A. B. (eds.).
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1916:
1904:
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920:
94:
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148:
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2119:
1956:
1320:
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842:
775:
173:
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363:
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2066:
2025:. Two climactic acts of de-Stalinization marked the meetings: first, on 31 October 1961, Stalin's body was moved from
1821:
1583:
1224:
696:
242:
2982:
2923:
1789:", concerning Stalin. On 25 February 1956, de-Stalinization became official when he spoke to a closed session of the
1229:
1017:
2955:
Soviet Workers and De-Stalinization: The Consolidation of the Modern System of Soviet Production Relations 1953–1964
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4118:
4108:
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3610:
3266:
2465:
2006:
1351:
1259:
1244:
1214:
1027:
753:
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543:
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4427:
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2757:
2145:
1986:
1952:
970:
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3949:
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3478:
3435:
3395:
2709:
2435:
2383:
2010:
1194:
965:
663:
265:
193:
2630:[Main Directorate of Camps OGPU–NKVD–MVD]. In Smirnov, M. B.; Okhotin, N. G.; Roginsky, A. B. (eds.).
4371:
4323:
3927:
3816:
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3550:
2034:
1875:
1683:
1514:
1189:
1184:
1179:
852:
678:
631:
126:
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383:
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3410:
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1998:
1814:
1219:
438:
353:
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1801:
as inconsistent with communist and Party ideology. Among other points, he condemned the treatment of the
1752:
to convince Khrushchev of the necessity of denouncing Stalin. In December 1955, Khrushchev proposed that
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862:
498:
116:
106:
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558:
59:
51:
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1574:(from 1953 to 1961 known as Lenin and Stalin Mausoleum) and buried. These reforms were started by the
4366:
4254:
4182:
4123:
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2026:
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857:
827:
523:
198:
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1936:
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under the guise of the "overcoming/exposure of the cult of personality", with a heavy criticism of
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723:
448:
101:
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528:
423:
1985:
Following the momentum of these public renamings, the Soviet government dismantled hundreds of
4333:
3964:
3765:
3688:
3580:
3405:
3249:
3172:
3143:
2962:
The dilemmas of de-Stalinization: negotiating cultural and social change in the Khrushchev era
2895:
2765:
2761:
2751:
2509:
2439:
2410:
2337:
2331:
2307:
2233:
2225:
The Dilemmas of De-Stalinization: Negotiating Cultural and Social Change in the Khrushchev Era
2199:
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837:
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1778:, Warsaw, March 1956, first edition of the Secret Speech, published for the inner use in the
4278:
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1845:
1703:
1505:
1462:
1438:
1393:
598:
578:
433:
428:
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84:
79:
2065:
Contemporary historians regard the beginning of de-Stalinization as a turning point in the
4222:
4014:
3932:
3728:
3657:
3488:
3333:
3323:
3112:
2851:
Barghoorn, Frederick C. (1956). "De-Stalinization: Temporary Tactic or Long Term Trend?".
2114:
2070:
2002:
1871:
1841:
1737:
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1675:
1587:
1579:
1571:
1537:
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1418:
1398:
760:
458:
418:
403:
398:
220:
215:
153:
89:
518:
178:
2053:
In the aftermath of the Stalin era, Khrushchev defined Soviet foreign policy during the
4346:
4338:
4143:
4068:
3984:
3944:
3503:
3498:
3440:
2710:"Stalinstadt/Eisenhüttenstadt: a milestone in twentieth century urban design in Europe"
2150:
2097:
1990:
1978:
1413:
1366:
1315:
553:
538:
488:
453:
368:
358:
333:
188:
2930:
1634:. However, de-Stalinization efforts were set forth at this time by Khrushchev and the
1445:
4421:
4238:
4198:
3994:
3887:
3882:
3738:
3661:
3627:
3390:
3385:
3271:
3018:
2733:
2135:
1802:
1639:
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1533:
872:
613:
588:
548:
513:
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463:
338:
295:
247:
168:
2631:
2552:
4294:
4190:
4009:
3750:
3535:
3445:
3306:
2406:
1994:
1944:
1928:
1912:
1908:
1695:
1525:
1388:
1037:
977:
770:
748:
573:
483:
388:
232:
2943:
Dobson, Miriam. "The post-Stalin era: de-Stalinization, daily life, and dissent."
2888:
2279:
4027:
3853:
3540:
2079:
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1371:
1032:
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832:
822:
738:
593:
503:
478:
443:
378:
237:
208:
17:
4004:
3652:
3338:
3217:
2038:
2030:
1679:
1667:
1292:
1277:
807:
603:
563:
343:
2359:"Yerevan 1954: Anastas Mikoyan and Nationality Reform in the Thaw, 1954–1964"
2203:
3632:
3523:
3380:
3318:
2785:
2725:
2505:
2229:
2042:
1836:
By attacking Stalin, McCauley argues, he was undermining the credibility of
1691:
1651:
1553:
1376:
1361:
508:
310:
270:
1969:
2918:
2333:
A History of Russia and Its Empire: From Mikhail Romanov to Vladimir Putin
3575:
3286:
2670:. US National Parks Center; Davis Center for Russian and Eurasian Studies
2085:
2054:
1282:
765:
583:
285:
280:
2872:
1993:
in 1967. Several more monuments were dismantled or destroyed across the
1457:
3311:
3136:
3131:
2816:
1974:
1721:
1174:
1119:
468:
315:
2972:
2689:
Bursa, G. R. F. (1985). "Political Changes of Names of Soviet Towns".
1899:, including cities, territories, landmarks, and other facilities. The
2864:
1940:
1920:
1619:
300:
1813:
One reason given for Khrushchev's speech was his moral conscience;
3530:
1968:
1770:
1741:
1671:
945:
2753:
The Armenians: From Kings and Priests to Merchants and Commissars
1728:. He subsequently played a leading role in the rehabilitation of
2987:
2077:
until the mid-1980s, and accelerated again with the policies of
1578:
which succeeded him after his death on 5 March 1953, comprising
997:
982:
955:
131:
2991:
1903:
was purged of references to Stalin, and so were the anthems of
2789:
2977:
Mëhilli, Elidor. "Defying de-stalinization: Albania's 1956."
2557:
Gulag: Soviet Forced Labor Camps and the Struggle for Freedom
2540:] (in Bengali). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Abishkar. p. 315.
3030:
General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
2559:. Center for History and New Media, George Mason University
2179:
2177:
2021:
The process of de-Stalinization peaked in 1961 during the
1911:-era lines in the lyrics were effectively excised when an
1666:
De-Stalinization meant an end to the role of large-scale
3067:
Russian Revolution, Russian Civil War, Polish–Soviet War
3036:
Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union
2593:
Smirnov, M. B.; Sigachev, S. P.; Shkapov, D. V (1998).
2551:
Gulag Museum of Perm, Russia; US National Park Service.
2403:
The Victims Return: Survivors of the Gulag After Stalin
1642:'s "era of the cult of personality". However, prior to
4099:
List of awards and honours bestowed upon Joseph Stalin
1654:
featured in private discussions by Khruschchev at the
2945:
Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History
2001:
on Berlin's monumental Stalinallee (promptly renamed
1519:
3546:
Case of Trotskyist Anti-Soviet Military Organization
2336:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 261.
2009:
was destroyed in October 1956. The biggest one, the
27:
1950s political reforms by Soviet Premier Khrushchev
4314:
4175:
4157:
4061:
3973:
3908:
3794:
3464:
3373:
3105:
3054:
3045:
1682:abroad. This period saw a number of non-publicized
3831:Declaration of the Rights of the Peoples of Russia
2887:
2840:. New York: J. B. Lippincott Company. p. 286.
2663:Hosford, David; Kachurin, Pamela; Lamont, Thomas.
2459:
2457:
2455:
2073:. The de-Stalinization process stalled during the
1895:Khrushchev renamed or reverted the names of many
1524:) comprised a series of political reforms in the
2325:
2323:
3939:On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences
2493:
2491:
2037:; second, on 11 November 1961, the "hero city"
1787:On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences
1767:On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences
1686:, by way of persons and groups such as Marshal
1546:On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences
2886:Applebaum, Anne (2003). "Thaw – and Release".
2005:) was removed in a clandestine operation. The
3514:Demolition of Cathedral of Christ the Saviour
3416:Aggravation of class struggle under socialism
3277:Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance
3003:
2665:"Gulag: Soviet Prison Camps and their Legacy"
2633:Система исправительно-трудовых лагерей в СССР
2600:Система исправительно-трудовых лагерей в СССР
1482:
1250:Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine
8:
2580:The Gulag Survivor: Beyond the Soviet System
2303:The Gulag Survivor: Beyond the Soviet System
3474:1906 Bolshevik raid on the Tsarevich Giorgi
2295:
2293:
2291:
2217:
2215:
2213:
1917:Joseph Stalin Palace of Culture and Science
3900:Economic Problems of Socialism in the USSR
3051:
3010:
2996:
2988:
2306:. Transaction Publishers. pp. 21–22.
2186:The world transformed: 1945 to the present
1489:
1475:
649:Economic Problems of Socialism in the USSR
38:
3484:National delimitation in the Soviet Union
3456:Backwardness brings on beatings by others
2595:Система мест заключения в СССР. 1929–1960
2357:Shakarian, Pietro A. (12 November 2021).
1760:
1720:, a victim of the Purges, in a speech in
1205:Communist Party of the Russian Federation
3426:Great Construction Projects of Communism
2786:"CNN Interactive – Almanac – October 31"
2638:System of Forced Labor Camps in the USSR
2628:Главное Управление Лагерей ОГПУ–НКВД–МВД
2605:System of Forced Labor Camps in the USSR
2388:The Impact of Soviet Policies in Armenia
2188:. Oxford University Press. p. 153.
2127:: de-Stalinzation and the Khrushchev era
1879:The Gulag institution was closed by the
3842:Alleged 19 August 1939 speech
2531:Sōbhiẏēta i'uniẏanēra itihāsa 1917–1991
2466:"Stalin Denounced by Nikita Khrushchev"
2173:
2125:History of the Soviet Union (1953–1964)
1883:(MVD) order No 020 of 25 January 1960.
1670:in the economy. The process of freeing
1564:name was removed from places, buildings
1230:Kampuchean People's Revolutionary Party
50:
3877:Dialectical and Historical Materialism
2538:History of the Soviet Union: 1917–1991
2464:Cavendish, Richard (2 February 2006).
1776:O kulcie jednostki i jego następstwach
1544:to power, and his 1956 secret speech "
1311:All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
637:Dialectical and Historical Materialism
306:Socialism with Chinese characteristics
2831:
2829:
2607:]. Moscow: Zvenya. Archived from
2498:McCauley, Martin (9 September 2014).
1618:is one which gained currency in both
813:Consolidation of the Cuban Revolution
734:Industrialization in the Soviet Union
669:Quotations from Chairman Mao Tse-tung
137:Intensification of the class struggle
7:
3960:22nd Congress of the Communist Party
3918:20th Congress of the Communist Party
3361:19th Congress of the Communist Party
3198:18th Congress of the Communist Party
3163:17th Congress of the Communist Party
2720:(3). Taylor & Francis: 307–314.
1977:was removed in 1962 and replaced by
1570:, and his body was removed from the
1255:Sandinista National Liberation Front
729:Collectivization in the Soviet Union
3894:Marxism and Problems of Linguistics
3118:Anti-religious campaign (1921–1928)
2534:সোভিয়েত ইউনিয়নের ইতিহাস ১৯১৭-১৯৯১
2330:Boterbloem, Kees (28 August 2013).
2284:. Vol. 44–45. 1956. p. 9.
2049:Foreign policy changes after Stalin
2013:, was taken down in November 1962.
1795:Communist Party of the Soviet Union
1604:Communist Party of the Soviet Union
1210:Communist Party of the Soviet Union
4041:Comparison of Nazism and Stalinism
3860:The History of the Communist Party
3679:Soviet offensive plans controversy
3644:Ideological repression in science
3188:1937 Islamic rebellion in Xinjiang
2838:Soviet Foreign Policy After Stalin
2640:] (in Russian). Moscow: Zvenya
2390:. Leiden: E.J. Brill. p. 201.
1409:State ideology of the Soviet Union
642:The History of the Communist Party
25:
4079:Generalissimo of the Soviet Union
3810:Marxism and the National Question
2691:Slavonic and East European Review
1342:Criticism of communist party rule
674:President Ho Chi Minh's Testament
112:Commanding heights of the economy
34:De-Stalinization (disambiguation)
4402:
4401:
3719:Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina
3183:Soviet–Japanese border conflicts
2929:
2917:
2611:on 14 December 2016 – via
2432:Moscow 1956: The Silenced Spring
2300:Adler, Nanci (1 February 2004).
1901:State Anthem of the Soviet Union
1891:Renaming of places and buildings
1736:(son of Bolshevik revolutionary
1630:, but was never used during the
1456:
1444:
1432:
1235:Lao People's Revolutionary Party
659:Fundamentals of Marxism–Leninism
644:of the Soviet Union (Bolsheviks)
58:
4104:Statue of Joseph Stalin, Berlin
3240:Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact
3230:Occupation of the Baltic states
2409:& Company. pp. 89–91.
2141:The Battle of Stalingrad (film)
1656:Presidium of the Supreme Soviet
1628:dissolution of the Soviet Union
228:Theory of the productive forces
2553:"Introduction: Stalin's Gulag"
1997:. In November 1961, the large
1636:Government of the Soviet Union
1540:brought about by ascension of
654:A Critique of Soviet Economics
1:
4448:Political and cultural purges
3945:Gomulka thaw (Polish October)
3756:1946–1947 Soviet famine
3329:1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état
2934:The dictionary definition of
2222:Jones, Polly (7 April 2006).
1852:On the other hand, historian
95:Soviet-type economic planning
75:Administrative-command system
4443:Politics of the Soviet Union
4094:1956 Georgian demonstrations
2501:The Khrushchev Era 1953–1964
2120:1956 Georgian demonstrations
1897:places bearing Stalin's name
1881:Ministry of Internal Affairs
1780:Polish United Workers' Party
1761:Khrushchev's "Secret Speech"
1644:Khrushchev's "Secret Speech"
1550:Stalin's cult of personality
1200:Communist Party of Kampuchea
843:Hungarian Revolution of 1956
174:Proletarian internationalism
4109:Stalin Monument in Budapest
3776:Night of the Murdered Poets
3694:Allegations of antisemitism
3431:Engineers of the human soul
3178:Soviet invasion of Xinjiang
3154:Sino-Soviet conflict (1929)
2979:Journal of Cold War Studies
2714:The Journal of Architecture
2430:Smith, Kathleen E. (2017).
2163:The Unforgettable Year 1919
2067:history of the Soviet Union
2017:Relocation of Stalin's body
1584:Premier of the Soviet Union
1520:
1225:Indochinese Communist Party
243:Wars of national liberation
4469:
4149:Stalin Bloc – For the USSR
4119:Joseph Stalin Museum, Gori
3267:Soviet atomic bomb project
2401:Cohen, Stephen F. (2011).
2061:Extent of de-Stalinization
1764:
1554:Stalinist political system
1352:Marxist schools of thought
1245:Party of Labour of Albania
1215:Communist Party of Vietnam
31:
4433:1950s in the Soviet Union
4397:
4129:Places named after Stalin
4114:Stalin Monument in Prague
3638:Repressions in Azerbaijan
3356:1950 legislative election
3282:1946 legislative election
3193:1937 legislative election
3025:
2807:"Stalingrad Name Changed"
2758:Columbia University Press
2384:Matossian, Mary Kilbourne
2184:Hunt, Michael H. (2015).
2146:The Fall of Berlin (film)
2023:22nd Congress of the CPSU
1953:Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya line
1915:version replaced it. The
1907:. The Stalin-centric and
1684:political rehabilitations
1674:prisoners was started by
1662:"Silent de-Stalinization"
1594:; and Nikita Khrushchev,
1509:
3950:Soviet Nonconformist Art
3866:1936 Soviet Constitution
3519:Soviet famine of 1932–33
3479:1907 Tiflis bank robbery
3451:Transformation of nature
3436:1936 Soviet Constitution
3396:Socialism in One Country
3235:German–Soviet Axis talks
2632:
2627:
2599:
2594:
2533:
2436:Harvard University Press
1973:The Statue of Stalin in
1702:, those executed in the
1592:Ministry of the Interior
1195:Communist Party of India
194:Socialism in one country
149:Marxist–Leninist atheism
4074:Iosif Stalin locomotive
3817:Foundations of Leninism
3803:Anarchism or Socialism?
3684:Hitler Youth Conspiracy
3551:NKVD prisoner massacres
3203:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact
3092:Death and state funeral
2726:10.1080/136023600419618
2035:Kremlin Wall Necropolis
1404:State ideology of China
1330:under communist regimes
1328:Crimes against humanity
1288:Marxism–Leninism–Maoism
1260:Workers' Party of Korea
1190:Communist Party of Cuba
1185:Chinese Communist Party
853:Portuguese Colonial War
679:The Governance of China
632:Foundations of Leninism
179:Protracted people's war
127:Dialectical materialism
4282:(second father-in-law)
3536:Murder of Sergey Kirov
3411:Stalinist architecture
3297:Turkish Straits crisis
2971:31.2 (1998): 153–179.
2957:( Cambridge UP, 2002).
2947:12.4 (2011): 905–924.
2836:Dallin, David (1961).
2708:Janssen, Jörn (2000).
2626:Srivenko, S. (1998).
2069:that began during the
1982:
1815:Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn
1782:
1754:a commission be set up
1706:, and the release of "
1220:French Communist Party
1130:Bosnia and Herzegovina
439:Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej
354:Khorloogiin Choibalsan
4303:William Wesley Peters
3848:Falsifiers of History
3771:Rootless cosmopolitan
3077:Rule as Soviet leader
2853:International Journal
2578:Adler, Nanci (2002).
2529:Amzad, A. M. (2019).
1972:
1774:
1576:collective leadership
1240:Nepal Communist Party
863:Nicaraguan Revolution
499:Mengistu Haile Mariam
117:Democratic centralism
107:Collective leadership
4324:Stalin's house, Gori
4255:Yevgeny Dzhugashvili
4183:Besarion Jughashvili
4124:Batumi Stalin Museum
4035:Nineteen Eighty-Four
3786:Censorship of images
3465:Crimes, repressions,
3168:1931 Menshevik Trial
3149:First five-year plan
2926:at Wikimedia Commons
2819:. 11 November 1961.
2363:Peripheral Histories
2157:The Stalinist Legacy
2016:
2007:Monument in Budapest
1965:Removal of monuments
1688:Mikhail Tukhachevsky
1532:of long-time leader
1463:Socialism portal
1439:Communism portal
858:Black power movement
828:Non-Aligned Movement
199:Socialist patriotism
32:For other uses, see
4316:Stalin's residences
4263:Galina Dzhugashvili
4247:Svetlana Alliluyeva
4231:Nadezhda Alliluyeva
4158:Cultural depictions
4000:Anti-Stalinist left
3955:Shvernik Commission
3923:Pospelov Commission
3699:Population transfer
3674:1941 Red Army purge
3648:Suppressed research
3302:First Indochina War
3245:Great Patriotic War
3223:Moscow Peace Treaty
3087:Cult of personality
2981:13.4 (2011): 4–56.
2254:"soviethistory.org"
2110:Anti-Stalinist Left
1874:and the subsequent
1799:cult of personality
1791:20th Party Congress
1730:political prisoners
1648:20th Party Congress
1560:Monuments to Stalin
1548:", which denounced
1451:Politics portal
1357:National Bolshevism
1347:Cult of personality
883:Revolutions of 1989
878:Naxalite insurgency
868:Cultural Revolution
754:Great Patriotic War
609:Wojciech Jaruzelski
569:Nur Muhammad Taraki
276:Ho Chi Minh Thought
4287:Alexander Svanidze
4215:Konstantin Kuzakov
4207:Yakov Dzhugashvili
4166:Apocalypse: Stalin
4139:Stalin Peace Prize
4134:State Stalin Prize
3837:"Ten Blows" speech
3824:Dizzy with Success
3734:Operation "Priboi"
3714:Operation "Lentil"
3667:1937 Soviet Census
3346:Sino-Soviet Treaty
3260:Potsdam Conference
3213:Invasion of Poland
2960:Jones, Polly, ed.
2812:The New York Times
2508:. pp. 43–44.
1983:
1925:Ismoil Somoni Peak
1838:Vyacheslav Molotov
1783:
1750:Olga Shatunovskaya
1732:, and worked with
1610:Terminology issues
1562:were removed, his
888:Nepalese Civil War
848:Great Leap Forward
776:Chinese Revolution
449:Kaysone Phomvihane
164:People's democracy
102:Collective farming
4415:
4414:
4372:Kholodnaya Rechka
4069:Iosif Stalin tank
3990:Lenin's Testament
3965:Era of Stagnation
3766:Mingrelian Affair
3744:Forced settlement
3729:Operation "North"
3689:Soviet war crimes
3467:and controversies
3406:Socialist realism
3369:
3368:
3351:Tito–Stalin split
3250:Tehran Conference
3173:Spanish Civil War
3144:Chinese Civil War
2953:Filtzer, Donald.
2922:Media related to
2901:978-0-7679-0056-0
2748:Panossian, Razmik
2515:978-1-317-88922-9
2434:. Cambridge, MA:
2343:978-0-7425-6840-2
2313:978-1-4128-3712-5
2281:National Republic
2239:978-1-134-28347-7
2195:978-0-19-937102-0
2131:Lenin's testament
2091:Mikhail Gorbachev
2027:Lenin's Mausoleum
1718:Yeghishe Charents
1600:Central Committee
1542:Nikita Khrushchev
1518:
1499:
1498:
838:Sino-Soviet split
744:Spanish Civil War
664:Guerrilla Warfare
626:Theoretical works
544:Władysław Gomułka
524:Nicolae Ceaușescu
474:Nikos Zachariadis
394:Nikita Khrushchev
374:Palmiro Togliatti
144:Labor aristocracy
122:Dialectical logic
16:(Redirected from
4460:
4438:1953 in politics
4428:De-Stalinization
4405:
4404:
4307:
4299:
4291:
4290:(brother-in-law)
4283:
4279:Sergei Alliluyev
4275:
4271:Joseph Alliluyev
4267:
4259:
4251:
4243:
4235:
4227:
4219:
4211:
4203:
4195:
4187:
4089:Pantheon, Moscow
4047:The Soviet Story
4021:Darkness at Noon
3910:De-Stalinization
3761:Leningrad Affair
3494:Decossackization
3292:1946 Iran crisis
3255:Yalta Conference
3127:Collectivization
3052:
3012:
3005:
2998:
2989:
2937:de-stalinization
2933:
2924:De-Stalinization
2921:
2906:
2905:
2893:
2890:Gulag: A History
2883:
2877:
2876:
2865:10.2307/40198288
2848:
2842:
2841:
2833:
2824:
2823:
2803:
2797:
2796:
2782:
2776:
2775:
2744:
2738:
2737:
2705:
2699:
2698:
2686:
2680:
2679:
2677:
2675:
2669:
2660:
2654:
2653:
2647:
2645:
2623:
2617:
2616:
2590:
2584:
2583:
2575:
2569:
2568:
2566:
2564:
2548:
2542:
2541:
2526:
2520:
2519:
2495:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2481:
2461:
2450:
2449:
2427:
2421:
2420:
2398:
2392:
2391:
2380:
2374:
2373:
2371:
2369:
2354:
2348:
2347:
2327:
2318:
2317:
2297:
2286:
2285:
2276:
2270:
2269:
2267:
2265:
2260:on 30 March 2014
2256:. Archived from
2250:
2244:
2243:
2232:. pp. 2–4.
2219:
2208:
2207:
2181:
1987:Stalin monuments
1937:Eisenhüttenstadt
1846:Lazar Kaganovich
1830:Marxism–Leninism
1738:Stepan Shahumyan
1704:Leningrad Affair
1616:de-Stalinization
1568:the state anthem
1523:
1521:destalinizatsiya
1513:
1511:
1502:De-Stalinization
1491:
1484:
1477:
1461:
1460:
1449:
1448:
1437:
1436:
1435:
1394:State capitalism
818:De-Stalinization
599:Gennady Zyuganov
579:Rohana Wijeweera
434:Klement Gottwald
429:Valko Chervenkov
414:Lazar Kaganovich
90:Central planning
85:Anti-revisionism
80:Anti-imperialism
62:
52:Marxism–Leninism
39:
21:
4468:
4467:
4463:
4462:
4461:
4459:
4458:
4457:
4418:
4417:
4416:
4411:
4393:
4389:Stalin's bunker
4339:Room at Kremlin
4329:Tiflis Seminary
4310:
4305:
4297:
4289:
4281:
4273:
4266:(granddaughter)
4265:
4257:
4249:
4241:
4233:
4225:
4223:Artyom Sergeyev
4217:
4209:
4201:
4193:
4185:
4171:
4153:
4057:
4015:True Communists
3978:
3976:
3969:
3933:Khrushchev Thaw
3904:
3871:Stalin's poetry
3790:
3658:Japhetic theory
3596:Medvedev Forest
3489:Georgian Affair
3466:
3460:
3421:Five-year plans
3365:
3334:Berlin Blockade
3324:Greek Civil War
3113:August Uprising
3101:
3082:Political views
3047:
3041:
3021:
3016:
2969:History Teacher
2914:
2912:Further reading
2909:
2902:
2885:
2884:
2880:
2850:
2849:
2845:
2835:
2834:
2827:
2805:
2804:
2800:
2784:
2783:
2779:
2772:
2746:
2745:
2741:
2707:
2706:
2702:
2688:
2687:
2683:
2673:
2671:
2667:
2662:
2661:
2657:
2643:
2641:
2634:
2629:
2625:
2624:
2620:
2601:
2596:
2592:
2591:
2587:
2577:
2576:
2572:
2562:
2560:
2550:
2549:
2545:
2535:
2528:
2527:
2523:
2516:
2497:
2496:
2489:
2479:
2477:
2463:
2462:
2453:
2446:
2429:
2428:
2424:
2417:
2400:
2399:
2395:
2382:
2381:
2377:
2367:
2365:
2356:
2355:
2351:
2344:
2329:
2328:
2321:
2314:
2299:
2298:
2289:
2278:
2277:
2273:
2263:
2261:
2252:
2251:
2247:
2240:
2221:
2220:
2211:
2196:
2183:
2182:
2175:
2171:
2115:Decommunization
2106:
2075:Brezhnev period
2071:Khrushchev Thaw
2063:
2051:
2019:
2011:Prague monument
2003:Karl-Marx-Allee
1967:
1955:was renamed to
1935:was renamed to
1893:
1872:amnesty of 1953
1868:
1863:
1842:Georgy Malenkov
1822:Martin McCauley
1811:
1769:
1763:
1714:Anastas Mikoyan
1700:Jānis Rudzutaks
1676:Lavrentiy Beria
1664:
1612:
1596:First Secretary
1588:Lavrentiy Beria
1580:Georgi Malenkov
1572:Lenin Mausoleum
1495:
1455:
1443:
1433:
1431:
1424:
1423:
1419:Totalitarianism
1399:State socialism
1329:
1306:
1298:
1297:
1273:
1265:
1264:
1170:
1162:
1161:
901:
893:
892:
761:Greek Civil War
692:
684:
683:
643:
627:
619:
618:
559:Mathieu Kérékou
459:Leonid Brezhnev
424:Bolesław Bierut
419:Georgi Dimitrov
404:Josip Broz Tito
399:Walter Ulbricht
329:
321:
320:
261:
253:
252:
154:One-party state
139:under socialism
138:
70:
37:
28:
23:
22:
18:Destalinisation
15:
12:
11:
5:
4466:
4464:
4456:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4420:
4419:
4413:
4412:
4410:
4409:
4398:
4395:
4394:
4392:
4391:
4386:
4385:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4320:
4318:
4312:
4311:
4309:
4308:
4300:
4292:
4284:
4276:
4268:
4260:
4252:
4244:
4236:
4228:
4220:
4212:
4204:
4196:
4188:
4179:
4177:
4173:
4172:
4170:
4169:
4161:
4159:
4155:
4154:
4152:
4151:
4146:
4144:Stalin Society
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4084:Stalin statues
4081:
4076:
4071:
4065:
4063:
4059:
4058:
4056:
4055:
4050:
4043:
4038:
4031:
4024:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3985:Stalin Epigram
3981:
3979:
3974:
3971:
3970:
3968:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3935:
3930:
3928:Rehabilitation
3925:
3920:
3914:
3912:
3906:
3905:
3903:
3902:
3897:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3856:
3851:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3827:
3820:
3813:
3806:
3798:
3796:
3792:
3791:
3789:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3747:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3706:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3670:
3669:
3664:
3655:
3650:
3642:
3641:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3624:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3548:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3527:
3526:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3504:Wittorf affair
3501:
3499:Dekulakization
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3470:
3468:
3462:
3461:
3459:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3441:New Soviet man
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3377:
3375:
3371:
3370:
3367:
3366:
3364:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3342:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3315:
3314:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3263:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3226:
3225:
3215:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3140:
3139:
3134:
3124:
3115:
3109:
3107:
3103:
3102:
3100:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3058:
3056:
3049:
3043:
3042:
3040:
3039:
3033:
3026:
3023:
3022:
3017:
3015:
3014:
3007:
3000:
2992:
2986:
2985:
2975:
2965:
2958:
2951:
2941:
2927:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2907:
2900:
2878:
2843:
2825:
2798:
2777:
2771:978-0231139267
2770:
2739:
2700:
2681:
2655:
2618:
2585:
2570:
2543:
2521:
2514:
2487:
2451:
2444:
2422:
2415:
2393:
2375:
2349:
2342:
2319:
2312:
2287:
2271:
2245:
2238:
2209:
2194:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2166:
2165:
2160:
2153:
2151:The Third Blow
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2105:
2102:
2098:Anne Applebaum
2062:
2059:
2050:
2047:
2018:
2015:
1991:Mother Armenia
1979:Mother Armenia
1966:
1963:
1892:
1889:
1876:rehabilitation
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1810:
1807:
1803:Old Bolsheviks
1765:Main article:
1762:
1759:
1724:in his native
1663:
1660:
1632:Khrushchev era
1626:following the
1611:
1608:
1590:, head of the
1510:десталинизация
1497:
1496:
1494:
1493:
1486:
1479:
1471:
1468:
1467:
1466:
1465:
1453:
1441:
1426:
1425:
1422:
1421:
1416:
1414:Third-Worldism
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1385:
1384:
1374:
1369:
1367:Post-communism
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1338:
1337:
1325:
1324:
1323:
1316:Anti-communism
1313:
1307:
1304:
1303:
1300:
1299:
1296:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1274:
1272:Related topics
1271:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
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1177:
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1080:
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1070:
1065:
1060:
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1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
974:
973:
968:
961:Czechoslovakia
958:
953:
948:
943:
942:
941:
936:
928:
923:
918:
913:
908:
902:
899:
898:
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891:
890:
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870:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
825:
820:
815:
810:
805:
804:
803:
798:
793:
788:
778:
773:
768:
763:
758:
757:
756:
746:
741:
736:
731:
726:
721:
720:
719:
714:
709:
704:
693:
690:
689:
686:
685:
682:
681:
676:
671:
666:
661:
656:
651:
646:
639:
634:
628:
625:
624:
621:
620:
617:
616:
611:
606:
601:
596:
591:
586:
581:
576:
571:
566:
561:
556:
554:Thomas Sankara
551:
546:
541:
539:Erich Honecker
536:
531:
526:
521:
516:
511:
506:
501:
496:
491:
489:Agostinho Neto
486:
481:
476:
471:
466:
461:
456:
454:Khalid Bakdash
451:
446:
441:
436:
431:
426:
421:
416:
411:
406:
401:
396:
391:
386:
384:Võ Nguyên Giáp
381:
376:
371:
369:Maurice Thorez
366:
361:
359:Ehmetjan Qasim
356:
351:
349:Ernst Thälmann
346:
341:
336:
334:Vladimir Lenin
330:
327:
326:
323:
322:
319:
318:
313:
308:
303:
298:
293:
288:
283:
278:
273:
268:
262:
259:
258:
255:
254:
251:
250:
245:
240:
235:
230:
225:
224:
223:
213:
212:
211:
206:
196:
191:
189:Social fascism
186:
184:Self-criticism
181:
176:
171:
166:
161:
156:
151:
146:
141:
134:
129:
124:
119:
114:
109:
104:
99:
98:
97:
87:
82:
77:
71:
68:
67:
64:
63:
55:
54:
48:
47:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4465:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4425:
4423:
4408:
4400:
4399:
4396:
4390:
4387:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4362:Semyonovskoye
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4344:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4321:
4319:
4317:
4313:
4304:
4301:
4296:
4293:
4288:
4285:
4280:
4277:
4272:
4269:
4264:
4261:
4256:
4253:
4248:
4245:
4240:
4239:Vasily Stalin
4237:
4234:(second wife)
4232:
4229:
4226:(adopted son)
4224:
4221:
4216:
4213:
4208:
4205:
4200:
4199:Kato Svanidze
4197:
4192:
4189:
4184:
4181:
4180:
4178:
4174:
4168:
4167:
4163:
4162:
4160:
4156:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4066:
4064:
4060:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4048:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4036:
4032:
4030:
4029:
4025:
4023:
4022:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3995:Ryutin Affair
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3982:
3980:
3975:Criticism and
3972:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3940:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3915:
3913:
3911:
3907:
3901:
3898:
3895:
3891:
3889:
3888:Order No. 270
3886:
3884:
3883:Order No. 227
3881:
3879:
3878:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3861:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3849:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3832:
3828:
3825:
3821:
3818:
3814:
3811:
3807:
3804:
3800:
3799:
3797:
3793:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3781:Doctors' plot
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3739:Nazino affair
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3711:
3710:
3707:
3704:
3703:German–Soviet
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3662:Slavists case
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3645:
3643:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3628:Moscow Trials
3626:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3553:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3543:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3525:
3522:
3521:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3471:
3469:
3463:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3391:Korenizatsiya
3389:
3387:
3386:Neo-Stalinism
3384:
3382:
3379:
3378:
3376:
3372:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3313:
3310:
3309:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3289:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3272:Ili Rebellion
3270:
3268:
3265:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3224:
3221:
3220:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3210:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3129:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3110:
3108:
3104:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3059:
3057:
3053:
3050:
3044:
3037:
3034:
3031:
3028:
3027:
3024:
3020:
3019:Joseph Stalin
3013:
3008:
3006:
3001:
2999:
2994:
2993:
2990:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2963:
2959:
2956:
2952:
2950:
2946:
2942:
2940:at Wiktionary
2939:
2938:
2932:
2928:
2925:
2920:
2916:
2915:
2911:
2903:
2897:
2894:. Doubleday.
2892:
2891:
2882:
2879:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2858:
2854:
2847:
2844:
2839:
2832:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2813:
2808:
2802:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2781:
2778:
2773:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2754:
2749:
2743:
2740:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2704:
2701:
2696:
2692:
2685:
2682:
2666:
2659:
2656:
2651:
2639:
2635:
2622:
2619:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2589:
2586:
2581:
2574:
2571:
2558:
2554:
2547:
2544:
2539:
2532:
2525:
2522:
2517:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2502:
2494:
2492:
2488:
2475:
2471:
2470:History Today
2467:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2452:
2447:
2445:9780674972001
2441:
2437:
2433:
2426:
2423:
2418:
2416:9781848858480
2412:
2408:
2404:
2397:
2394:
2389:
2385:
2379:
2376:
2364:
2360:
2353:
2350:
2345:
2339:
2335:
2334:
2326:
2324:
2320:
2315:
2309:
2305:
2304:
2296:
2294:
2292:
2288:
2283:
2282:
2275:
2272:
2259:
2255:
2249:
2246:
2241:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2226:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2210:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2191:
2187:
2180:
2178:
2174:
2168:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2158:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2136:Neo-Stalinism
2134:
2132:
2129:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2107:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2094:
2092:
2088:
2087:
2082:
2081:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2060:
2058:
2056:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2014:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1999:Stalin Statue
1996:
1992:
1988:
1980:
1976:
1971:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1959:
1958:Semyonovskaya
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1905:its republics
1902:
1898:
1890:
1888:
1884:
1882:
1877:
1873:
1865:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1850:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1834:
1831:
1826:
1823:
1818:
1816:
1808:
1806:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1768:
1758:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1746:Alexei Snegov
1743:
1739:
1735:
1734:Lev Shahumyan
1731:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1709:
1708:Article 58ers
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1668:forced labour
1661:
1659:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1640:Joseph Stalin
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1624:Western world
1621:
1617:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1536:in 1953, and
1535:
1534:Joseph Stalin
1531:
1527:
1522:
1516:
1507:
1503:
1492:
1487:
1485:
1480:
1478:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1440:
1430:
1429:
1428:
1427:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1383:
1380:
1379:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1336:
1335:Mass killings
1333:
1332:
1331:
1326:
1322:
1321:Mass killings
1319:
1318:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1308:
1302:
1301:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1275:
1269:
1268:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1169:Organizations
1166:
1165:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1040:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
972:
969:
967:
964:
963:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
940:
937:
935:
932:
931:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
903:
897:
896:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
873:Prague Spring
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
809:
806:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
783:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
755:
752:
751:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
699:
698:
695:
694:
688:
687:
680:
677:
675:
672:
670:
667:
665:
662:
660:
657:
655:
652:
650:
647:
645:
640:
638:
635:
633:
630:
629:
623:
622:
615:
614:Todor Zhivkov
612:
610:
607:
605:
602:
600:
597:
595:
592:
590:
589:Harry Pollitt
587:
585:
582:
580:
577:
575:
572:
570:
567:
565:
562:
560:
557:
555:
552:
550:
549:Samora Machel
547:
545:
542:
540:
537:
535:
532:
530:
527:
525:
522:
520:
517:
515:
514:Hardial Bains
512:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
465:
464:Deng Xiaoping
462:
460:
457:
455:
452:
450:
447:
445:
442:
440:
437:
435:
432:
430:
427:
425:
422:
420:
417:
415:
412:
410:
409:Mátyás Rákosi
407:
405:
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
375:
372:
370:
367:
365:
362:
360:
357:
355:
352:
350:
347:
345:
342:
340:
339:Joseph Stalin
337:
335:
332:
331:
325:
324:
317:
314:
312:
309:
307:
304:
302:
299:
297:
296:Khrushchevism
294:
292:
289:
287:
284:
282:
279:
277:
274:
272:
269:
267:
264:
263:
257:
256:
249:
248:Unified power
246:
244:
241:
239:
236:
234:
231:
229:
226:
222:
219:
218:
217:
214:
210:
207:
205:
202:
201:
200:
197:
195:
192:
190:
187:
185:
182:
180:
177:
175:
172:
170:
169:Popular front
167:
165:
162:
160:
157:
155:
152:
150:
147:
145:
142:
140:
135:
133:
130:
128:
125:
123:
120:
118:
115:
113:
110:
108:
105:
103:
100:
96:
93:
92:
91:
88:
86:
83:
81:
78:
76:
73:
72:
66:
65:
61:
57:
56:
53:
49:
45:
41:
40:
35:
30:
19:
4306:(son-in-law)
4298:(son-in-law)
4295:Yuri Zhdanov
4202:(first wife)
4191:Keke Geladze
4164:
4053:Antisemitism
4045:
4033:
4026:
4019:
4010:Kremlin Plot
3937:
3909:
3875:
3859:
3846:
3751:Tax on trees
3709:Deportations
3446:Stakhanovite
3307:Eastern Bloc
3208:World War II
3161: /
3048:and politics
2978:
2968:
2961:
2954:
2944:
2936:
2889:
2881:
2859:(1): 24–33.
2856:
2852:
2846:
2837:
2820:
2810:
2801:
2793:
2780:
2756:. New York:
2752:
2742:
2717:
2713:
2703:
2694:
2690:
2684:
2672:. Retrieved
2658:
2648:– via
2642:. Retrieved
2637:
2621:
2609:the original
2604:
2588:
2579:
2573:
2561:. Retrieved
2556:
2546:
2537:
2530:
2524:
2500:
2478:. Retrieved
2473:
2469:
2431:
2425:
2407:I. B. Tauris
2402:
2396:
2387:
2378:
2366:. Retrieved
2362:
2352:
2332:
2302:
2280:
2274:
2262:. Retrieved
2258:the original
2248:
2224:
2185:
2155:
2095:
2084:
2078:
2064:
2052:
2041:was renamed
2020:
1995:Eastern Bloc
1984:
1957:
1948:
1945:Moscow Metro
1939:in 1961. In
1932:
1929:East Germany
1913:instrumental
1909:World War II
1894:
1885:
1869:
1851:
1835:
1827:
1819:
1812:
1784:
1775:
1712:
1696:Robert Eikhe
1665:
1652:his ideology
1615:
1613:
1558:
1526:Soviet Union
1501:
1500:
1389:Second World
1103:Turkmenistan
1038:Soviet Union
978:East Germany
817:
801:2002–present
771:Eastern Bloc
749:World War II
697:Soviet Union
574:Alfonso Cano
529:Gustáv Husák
519:Sanzō Nosaka
484:Fidel Castro
389:Earl Browder
233:Third Period
29:
4062:Remembrance
4028:Animal Farm
3854:Stalin Note
3541:Great Purge
3509:Great Break
3401:Great Break
3122:(1928–1941)
3038:(1946–1953)
3032:(1922–1952)
2368:14 November
2264:26 December
2080:perestroika
1949:Stalinskaya
1933:Stalinstadt
1854:A. M. Amzad
1372:Red fascism
1033:South Yemen
1013:North Korea
906:Afghanistan
833:Vietnam War
823:Warsaw Pact
739:Great Purge
724:Great Break
594:Harpal Brar
534:János Kádár
504:Kim Il Sung
479:Che Guevara
444:Enver Hoxha
379:Ho Chi Minh
238:Vanguardism
159:Partiinost'
4422:Categories
4377:Lake Ritsa
4357:Uspenskoye
4274:(grandson)
4258:(grandson)
4250:(daughter)
4005:Trotskyism
3977:opposition
3653:Lysenkoism
3339:Korean War
3218:Winter War
3106:Chronology
3097:Death toll
3062:Early life
2760:. p.
2405:. London:
2169:References
2039:Stalingrad
2031:Red Square
1820:Historian
1809:Motivation
1744:returnees
1680:communists
1293:Trotskyism
1278:Bolshevism
1145:Montenegro
1125:Yugoslavia
1113:Uzbekistan
1098:Tajikistan
1073:Kyrgyzstan
1068:Kazakhstan
1048:Azerbaijan
1008:Mozambique
900:By country
808:Korean War
604:Xi Jinping
564:Siad Barre
494:Lúcio Lara
344:Mao Zedong
4453:Stalinism
4367:New Athos
3633:Hotel Lux
3616:Vinnytsia
3571:Chortkiv
3561:Berezwecz
3556:Berezhany
3524:Holodomor
3381:Stalinism
3319:Cominform
3055:Overviews
2734:143842485
2644:7 October
2506:Routledge
2230:Routledge
2204:907585907
2043:Volgograd
1692:Politburo
1614:The term
1530:the death
1515:romanized
1377:Red Scare
1362:New class
1180:Comintern
1140:Macedonia
1083:Lithuania
930:Cambodia
796:1989–2002
791:1976–1989
786:1949–1976
717:1982–1991
712:1964–1982
707:1953–1964
702:1927–1953
509:Chin Peng
364:José Díaz
311:Stalinism
271:Guevarism
266:Castroism
221:Socialist
4407:Category
4347:Kuntsevo
4194:(mother)
4186:(father)
3621:Zolochiv
3606:Valozhyn
3576:Kurapaty
3374:Concepts
3287:Cold War
2873:40198288
2750:(2006).
2650:Memorial
2613:Memorial
2480:11 March
2386:(1962).
2104:See also
2086:glasnost
2055:Cold War
1981:in 1967.
1947:station
1694:members
1622:and the
1606:(CPSU).
1552:and the
1538:the thaw
1305:See also
1283:Leninism
1155:Slovenia
1053:Byelarus
1003:Mongolia
983:Ethiopia
971:Slovakia
926:Bulgaria
766:Cold War
584:Gus Hall
291:Kádárism
286:Husakism
281:Hoxhaism
260:Variants
209:Yugoslav
69:Concepts
44:a series
42:Part of
4382:Sukhumi
4343:Dachas
4334:Kureika
3724:Koreans
3611:Vileyka
3312:Comecon
3137:Sovkhoz
3132:Kolkhoz
3046:History
2964:(2006).
2817:Reuters
2674:17 July
2563:17 July
2033:to the
1975:Yerevan
1951:on the
1866:Prisons
1861:Changes
1793:of the
1726:Armenia
1722:Yerevan
1646:to the
1602:of the
1598:of the
1517::
1506:Russian
1175:Comecon
1135:Croatia
1120:Vietnam
1108:Ukraine
1088:Moldova
1063:Georgia
1058:Estonia
1043:Armenia
1028:Somalia
1023:Romania
993:Hungary
988:Grenada
966:Czechia
939:1979–92
934:1975–79
911:Albania
691:History
469:Pol Pot
316:Titoism
4176:Family
3601:Sambir
2983:online
2973:online
2949:online
2898:
2871:
2768:
2732:
2512:
2442:
2413:
2340:
2310:
2236:
2202:
2192:
2089:under
1943:, the
1941:Moscow
1921:Warsaw
1740:) and
1620:Russia
1566:, and
1528:after
1382:Second
1150:Serbia
1093:Russia
1078:Latvia
1018:Poland
916:Angola
328:People
301:Maoism
204:Soviet
4352:Sochi
4242:(son)
4218:(son)
4210:(son)
3795:Works
3586:Lutsk
3581:Katyn
3566:Dubno
3531:Gulag
2869:JSTOR
2730:S2CID
2668:(PDF)
2636:[
2603:[
2536:[
1927:. In
1742:Gulag
1672:Gulag
951:Congo
946:China
921:Benin
781:China
216:State
3591:Lviv
3159:16th
3072:Rise
2896:ISBN
2766:ISBN
2676:2024
2646:2022
2565:2013
2510:ISBN
2482:2017
2440:ISBN
2411:ISBN
2370:2021
2338:ISBN
2308:ISBN
2266:2013
2234:ISBN
2200:OCLC
2190:ISBN
2083:and
1870:The
1748:and
1698:and
998:Laos
956:Cuba
132:Foco
2861:doi
2790:CNN
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