1153:
1053:. It originated in the convergence of the most liberal faction of the moderate right and the moderate wing of the democratic left. The party included men from heterogeneous cultural, class, and ideological backgrounds, ranging from British-American individualist liberalism to Neo-Hegelian liberalism as well as liberal-conservatives, from strict secularists to more religiously-oriented reformists. Few prime ministers after 1852 were party men; instead they accepted support where they could find it, and even the governments of the Historical Right during the 1860s included leftists in some capacity.
1258:
3022:
962:
210:
1434:
974:
2136:
2099:
2062:
2025:
1988:
1951:
1914:
1877:
1840:
1803:
1766:
1729:
1692:
1655:
1618:
1411:, together with dissident members from the Right, put the government into a minority because of the tax on grains' question, which damaged the rural economy. Ironically, many Right politicians who sided now with Left were from the North. Since this moment, the Right fell into opposition and
1315:
and high taxation. The taxes, especially the tax on grains, were unpopular among the rural and middle classes. As a result, the Right progressively lost its support. With that, the Right was split, with the original
Northern liberals supporting the taxation and the newly arrived Southern
1299:. Fearing a democratic revolution, Cavour became near to the new Right group in the Italian Parliament and led it until his premature death in June 1861. The Cavourian policies were partially continued by his successors aligned with the Right group like Luigi Farini,
1451:
would be accepted into his government. Surprisingly, Minghetti agreed with this, causing various individuals in the Right to join the Left. After this event, the rest of the anti-compromise Right was called the
3010:
827:
3180:
3003:
3185:
1179:
3271:
1519:
to the United
Kingdom. Constitutional politicians like Luzzatti and Sonnino later formed their own governments, but they were short, and were weakened by the newborn
1004:
1515:, a powerful rising socialist protest in Sicily, but also several nationalist groups. After two years, Rudinì was ousted from office after his unpopular ceding of
3266:
2996:
1319:
In the 1870s, in a time of rising tensions inside the Right governments, the group split into different factions for specific goals and territorial composition:
3175:
764:
3246:
1249:. D'Azeglio was forced to resign in November 1852 and Cavour was appointed by the King as the new prime minister, ending the Sardinian phase of the Right.
3241:
2203:
3256:
3261:
1461:
76:
3211:
2988:
3276:
3251:
3231:
3226:
1167:
373:
3216:
2966:
1453:
1424:
774:
749:
794:
1464:. The Constitutionals were not a structured and organized party, but simply a coalition of both Northern and Southern conservatives like
997:
3190:
3170:
171:
3236:
2976:
2915:
2871:
2786:
2705:
2554:
2529:
2496:
2429:
2362:
2299:
2255:
2228:
1152:
2419:
1049:
during the second half of the 19th century. After 1876, the
Historical Right constituted the Constitutional opposition toward the
2288:
Campanelli, Giuseppe; Carducci, Michele; Tondi Della Mura, Vincenzo; Loiodice, Isabella (2 December 2016). Giappichelli (ed.).
769:
573:
553:
1257:
3221:
3153:
1261:
1214:
1203:
990:
191:
56:
2465:
2333:
2115:
2078:
2070:
2041:
2033:
2004:
1996:
1967:
1959:
1930:
1922:
1893:
1856:
1819:
1782:
1745:
1708:
1671:
1634:
1597:
1565:
1444:
234:
1443:
After the fall of
Minghetti, the Right progressively saw splits and disbanded. On 8 October 1882, some weeks before the
1350:
117:
1527:
in 1913, a political alliance between various liberal politicians, many of whom were previously opposed to each other.
1178:
that tried to unify Italy as a federation of states. As the Right dominated the
Parliament, D'Azeglio was appointed as
2622:
1538:
1183:
817:
3052:
2888:
1199:
439:
2245:
2218:
1483:
After ten years in opposition, the
Constitutionals gained the majority thanks to an agreement with dissident Left
1508:
1308:
1222:
779:
2839:
1328:
305:
2722:
2803:
2947:
1589:
1520:
1284:
1276:
1275:. Cavour, who was Prime Minister of Sardinia since November 1852 with brief interruptions, became the first
1226:
901:
842:
126:
1523:
and the first organized political parties. The awareness of that forced the
Constitutionals to join in the
1504:
1175:
837:
832:
717:
583:
2618:
1524:
1428:
1195:
934:
789:
260:
155:
110:
744:
2543:
Sarti, Roland (2009). "The
Politics of the Liberal State (1861-1901)". In Infobase Publishing (ed.).
1377:
1171:
1156:
1124:
1116:
860:
563:
244:
134:
122:
51:
2644:
3063:
1207:
1163:
1046:
1042:
966:
880:
722:
712:
593:
277:
265:
229:
2757:
2523:
2400:
1626:
1496:
1296:
1218:
1087:
944:
929:
906:
875:
822:
706:
675:
459:
176:
145:
1507:. Rudinì was recalled in office after the political fall of Crispi, following the defeat in the
1186:. However, there were tensions inside the group caused by D'Azeglio's assertiveness towards the
2972:
2911:
2867:
2782:
2701:
2550:
2492:
2425:
2358:
2295:
2251:
2224:
1488:
1484:
1412:
1292:
1112:
1098:
939:
696:
655:
640:
620:
499:
479:
166:
2447:
Una voce per l'Opposizione
Costituzionale di Sua MaestĂ : Alle origini del "Giornale d'Italia"
2749:
2670:
2392:
1663:
1492:
1473:
1369:
1300:
1268:
1034:
1022:
886:
784:
660:
625:
615:
524:
489:
484:
464:
398:
325:
310:
61:
3108:
2657:
2107:
1885:
1848:
1811:
1774:
1737:
1512:
1437:
1408:
1404:
1384:
1324:
1304:
1238:
1234:
1233:
In May 1852, Cavour and his supporters left the Right group and moved toward the moderate
1187:
1132:
1050:
754:
701:
635:
630:
534:
509:
504:
469:
393:
350:
71:
1241:. The duo Rattazzi–Cavour made an alliance (pejoratively called "a marriage"), forming a
2570:
3097:
2680:
2144:
1700:
1469:
1465:
1457:
1346:
1272:
1120:
1069:
665:
645:
519:
444:
388:
378:
300:
270:
81:
66:
3205:
2761:
2404:
1495:. During his short government, overthrown after one year, Rudinì worked to reduce to
1477:
1448:
1339:
1335:
1288:
1128:
1082:
732:
670:
650:
529:
514:
494:
474:
251:
2740:
Ragazzoni, David (2019). "Silvio
Spaventa and Marco Minghetti on party government".
2247:
States, Debt, and Power: 'Saints' and 'Sinners' in European History and Integration
1331:
1280:
1102:
1091:
978:
759:
454:
449:
410:
403:
355:
335:
239:
224:
199:
130:
2753:
2694:
Merlini, Stefano; Tarli Barbieri, Giovanni (11 January 2017). Giappichelli (ed.).
911:
865:
2861:
2822:
2776:
2695:
2674:
2544:
2513:
2486:
2352:
2316:
2289:
2272:
2171:
1190:
and the King. The tensions caused the group to split into two separate factions:
1500:
1362:
1107:
1061:
1057:
896:
870:
330:
320:
315:
295:
2485:
Emilio Gentile (2003). "1. Il governo del generale Pelloux". In Laterza (ed.).
2396:
1433:
1396:
1358:
1077:
1065:
812:
419:
345:
340:
209:
138:
17:
2932:
1312:
891:
727:
2470:
2421:
Nations and Nationalism: A Global Historical Overview [4 volumes]
1392:
1388:
1354:
1242:
1135:. In the last decades of its history, the Right was often referred to as
1073:
151:
2383:
Donovan, Mark; Newell, James L. (2008). "Centrism in Italian politics".
2189:
Conservatori senza partito. Un tentativo fallito nell'Italia giolittiana
1516:
1407:
was forced to resign after the so-called Parliamentary Revolution. The
1373:
1095:
2173:
Un esperimento liberal-conservatore: i governi di Rudinì (1896-1898)
1491:
and Rudinì was charged to form a new government in substitution of
1291:
refused to recognize the new government, but instead recognize the
2778:
God in Freedom: Studies in the Relations Between Church and State
2645:"La politica del "connubio"; Cavour primo ministro - MuseoTorino"
1307:. Starting in 1861, the Right's government pursued a policy of a
2354:
Il mito dello Stato nuovo: Dal radicalismo nazionale al fascismo
3125:
3080:
3035:
2992:
1415:, leader of the Left, was appointed as the new prime minister.
1456:
or "Constitutional opposition" led by former Finance Minister
1447:, Depretis proclaimed that anyone who was willing to become a
1279:. During the first year after unification, Cavour became more
2546:
Italy: A Reference Guide from the Renaissance to the Present
2318:
L'Ideologia della borghesia industriale nell'Italia liberale
2220:
Italy: A Reference Guide from the Renaissance to the Present
1225:, who supported the expropriation of the Church's goods, a
1316:
conservatives who opposed the modernization and taxation.
2291:
Lineamenti di diritto costituzionale della regione Puglia
1511:. During this second term, Rudinì worked to repress the
1170:, established in 1849. The Right was at the time led by
1045:
groups of the 20th century, was an Italian conservative
2488:
Le origini dell'Italia contemporanea: L'etĂ giolittiana
1229:
and French intervention to achieve Italian unification.
1206:, who supported compromises with the Church and a slow
2586:
2584:
1086:
policies while on social issues it favoured a strong
1056:
The Right represented the interests of the Northern
2821:Tavallini, Enrico (1887). L. Roux & Co. (ed.).
2676:
Storia d'Italia: Gli anni della destra, (1861-1876)
2619:"Discorsi parlamentari del conte Camillo di Cavour"
144:
116:
106:
98:
90:
44:
32:
2515:Storia d'Italia: Gli anni della destra (1861-1876)
2418:Herb, Guntram H.; Kaplan, David H. (22 May 2008).
2271:Gramsci, Antonio (1966). Gramsci Institute (ed.).
1399:and those favourable to cooperation with the Left.
1380:. Hostile to Minghetti, but vague toward the Left.
2187:Umberto Gentiloni Silveri (2000). Stadium (ed.).
1476:who rejected perceived opportunism and Depretis'
1162:The origins of the Historical Right are in the
2449:(in Italian). Contemporanea. pp. 699–712.
2165:
2163:
3004:
2930:
998:
417:
408:
249:
8:
3181:Early 20th-century Italian political parties
2721:Gherardi, Raffaella (2010). Treccani (ed.).
2460:
2458:
2456:
1119:, primarily aiming for an alliance with the
765:Italian Democratic Party of Monarchist Unity
2775:Luzzatti, Luigi (2006). Cosimo, Inc (ed.).
1376:parochialism, favourable to liberalism and
1041:) by historians to distinguish it from the
3122:
3077:
3032:
3011:
2997:
2989:
2971:(in Italian). Guida Editori. p. 386.
2802:Montaldo, Silvano (2004). Treccani (ed.).
2378:
2376:
2374:
1503:sentiment and keep Italy aligned with the
1338:, moderate liberalism, and alignment with
1076:. On economic issues, the Right supported
1005:
991:
186:
29:
2887:Ambrosoli, Luigi (1983). Treccani (ed.).
2512:Montanelli, Indro (1977). Rizzoli (ed.).
3272:Political parties disestablished in 1913
2855:
2853:
2838:Manfredi, Marco (2015). Treccani (ed.).
1534:
1432:
1256:
1151:
2351:Gentile, Emilio (1982). Laterza (ed.).
2170:Mario Belardinelli (1976). ELIA (ed.).
2159:
1174:, who was also a representative of the
198:
3026:19th-century political groups in Italy
2948:"Antonio Starrabba marchese di Rudinì"
2860:Leoni, Francesco (2001). Guida (ed.).
2521:
3267:Political parties established in 1849
3186:1950s–1990s Italian political parties
1227:lesser role of the King in government
1194:The Conservatives, led by D'Azeglio,
374:1946 Italian institutional referendum
27:Historical political faction in Italy
7:
3176:Historical Italian political parties
2968:Storia dei partiti politici italiani
2893:Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani
2863:Storia dei partiti politici italiani
2844:Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani
2808:Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani
2727:Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani
1462:Antonio Starabba, Marquess of Rudinì
1425:Liberal Constitutional Party (Italy)
2824:La vita e i tempi di Giovanni Lanza
3247:Defunct political parties in Italy
3171:List of political parties in Italy
25:
3191:Current Italian political parties
2742:Journal of Modern Italian Studies
2697:Il governo parlamentare in Italia
1403:On 25 March 1876, Prime Minister
3020:
2658:XII/elenco "Camera dei deputati"
2135:
2134:
2098:
2097:
2061:
2060:
2024:
2023:
1987:
1986:
1950:
1949:
1913:
1912:
1876:
1875:
1839:
1838:
1802:
1801:
1765:
1764:
1728:
1727:
1691:
1690:
1654:
1653:
1617:
1616:
1064:. Its members were mostly large
972:
960:
208:
3257:1913 disestablishments in Italy
1267:In 1861, Italy was united as a
770:Italian Nationalist Association
574:Revolt Against the Modern World
554:The Rise and Fall of the Elites
3262:Centre-right parties in Europe
1345:The Piedmontese clique led by
1127:, but sometimes also with the
1094:and during the Cavour era the
1:
3212:Conservative parties in Italy
2754:10.1080/1354571X.2019.1573023
2528:: CS1 maint: date and year (
1383:The Lombardian clique led by
235:Italian school of criminology
3277:Right-wing parties in Europe
3252:1849 establishments in Italy
3242:Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)
3232:Liberal conservative parties
3227:Conservative liberal parties
2679:(in Italian). Vol. 32.
2623:Chamber of Deputies of Italy
1454:Liberal Constitutional Party
1351:Gustavo Ponza di San Martino
1334:, in addition to supporting
775:Liberal Constitutional Party
750:Conservatives and Reformists
3217:Monarchist parties in Italy
2908:Storia dell'Italia liberale
1253:Unification and governments
818:Foundation for Subsidiarity
3293:
2071:Antonio Starabba di Rudinì
2034:Antonio Starabba di Rudinì
1997:Antonio Starabba di Rudinì
1960:Antonio Starabba di Rudinì
1923:Antonio Starabba di Rudinì
1422:
1323:The Emilian clique led by
1180:Prime Minister of Sardinia
1072:and people related to the
77:Antonio Starabba di Rudinì
3166:
3132:
3121:
3087:
3076:
3042:
3031:
2906:Fulvio Cammarano (2011).
2466:"Destra storica italiana"
2397:10.1080/13532940802367554
2334:"Destra storica italiana"
1559:
1547:
1544:
1537:
1509:First Italo-Ethiopian War
1419:Constitutional opposition
1368:The Tuscan clique led by
1357:parochialism, supporting
1137:Constitutional Opposition
1111:policy of abstention. In
795:People's Monarchist Party
780:Monarchist National Party
240:Italian school of elitism
162:
3237:Liberal parties in Italy
2965:Francesco Leoni (2001).
2315:Baglioni, Guido (1973).
1556:
1553:
1550:
1391:parochialism along with
306:Catholic social teaching
190:This article is part of
2445:Pirett (October 1999).
2321:. Einaudi. p. 191.
2244:Dyson, Kenneth (2014).
1590:Camillo Benso di Cavour
1521:Italian Socialist Party
1277:Prime Minister of Italy
1184:King Victor Emmanuel II
967:Conservatism portal
146:Political position
127:Conservative liberalism
57:Camillo Benso di Cavour
3154:Conservative Catholics
2931:
2332:Treccani, ed. (2010).
2217:Sarti, Roland (2009).
1460:and Interior Minister
1440:
1264:
1159:
1038:
1026:
833:Magna Carta Foundation
584:The Rage and the Pride
418:
409:
250:
3222:Conservatism in Italy
2594:, Bari, 2004, p. 213.
1436:
1429:Liberal Union (Italy)
1423:Further information:
1260:
1213:The Liberals, led by
1155:
1115:, their goal was the
935:Immigrant criminality
790:The People of Freedom
261:Political Catholicism
201:Conservatism in Italy
2607:, Bari, 2000, p. 74.
2575:Encilopedia Treccani
2338:Dizionario di Storia
1168:Sardinian Parliament
1117:unification of Italy
902:L'Italia settimanale
564:The Mind and Society
245:Liberal conservatism
135:Classical liberalism
123:Liberal conservatism
3064:Historical Far Left
2937:historical archive.
2474:(in Italian). 2010.
2204:"La Destra storica"
1539:Chamber of Deputies
1499:, limit the rising
1262:The Count of Cavour
1208:Italian unification
1047:parliamentary group
881:Corriere della Sera
723:Monarchist Alliance
713:Identity and Action
594:The Force of Reason
266:Christian democracy
230:Italian nationalism
2840:"Ubaldino Peruzzi"
2571:"Partito Moderato"
1627:Alfonso La Marmora
1497:public expenditure
1441:
1311:, maintained with
1297:Giuseppe Garibaldi
1265:
1219:Luigi Carlo Farini
1204:Carlo Bon Compagni
1160:
1088:central government
930:European New Right
828:Machiavelli Center
823:Liberal Foundation
745:Common Man's Front
707:Future and Freedom
3199:
3198:
3162:
3161:
3117:
3116:
3072:
3071:
2889:"Cesare Correnti"
2723:"Marco Minghetti"
2151:
2150:
1531:Electoral results
1489:Felice Cavallotti
1485:Giovanni Nicotera
1445:general elections
1413:Agostino Depretis
1387:representing the
1245:group called the
1223:Giovanni Galvagno
1176:moderate movement
1172:Massimo d'Azeglio
1157:Massimo D'Azeglio
1113:foreign relations
1099:Law of Guarantees
1060:and the Southern
1015:
1014:
940:Politics of Italy
697:Brothers of Italy
185:
184:
172:Political parties
167:Politics of Italy
52:Massimo d'Azeglio
16:(Redirected from
3284:
3152:
3150:
3143:Historical Right
3141:
3139:
3123:
3107:
3105:
3096:
3094:
3078:
3062:
3060:
3051:
3049:
3033:
3025:
3024:
3023:
3013:
3006:
2999:
2990:
2983:
2982:
2962:
2956:
2955:
2944:
2938:
2936:
2928:
2922:
2921:
2903:
2897:
2896:
2884:
2878:
2877:
2857:
2848:
2847:
2835:
2829:
2828:
2818:
2812:
2811:
2804:"Giovanni Lanza"
2799:
2793:
2792:
2772:
2766:
2765:
2737:
2731:
2730:
2718:
2712:
2711:
2691:
2685:
2684:
2671:Indro Montanelli
2667:
2661:
2655:
2649:
2648:
2641:
2635:
2634:
2632:
2630:
2614:
2608:
2601:
2595:
2588:
2579:
2578:
2567:
2561:
2560:
2540:
2534:
2533:
2527:
2519:
2509:
2503:
2502:
2482:
2476:
2475:
2462:
2451:
2450:
2442:
2436:
2435:
2415:
2409:
2408:
2380:
2369:
2368:
2348:
2342:
2341:
2329:
2323:
2322:
2312:
2306:
2305:
2285:
2279:
2278:
2268:
2262:
2261:
2241:
2235:
2234:
2214:
2208:
2207:
2202:Di Mauro, Luca.
2199:
2193:
2192:
2184:
2178:
2177:
2167:
2138:
2137:
2129:
2101:
2100:
2092:
2064:
2063:
2055:
2027:
2026:
2018:
1990:
1989:
1981:
1953:
1952:
1944:
1916:
1915:
1907:
1879:
1878:
1870:
1842:
1841:
1833:
1805:
1804:
1796:
1768:
1767:
1759:
1731:
1730:
1722:
1694:
1693:
1685:
1664:Bettino Ricasoli
1657:
1656:
1648:
1620:
1619:
1611:
1579:
1535:
1493:Francesco Crispi
1474:Pasquale Villari
1370:Ubaldino Peruzzi
1301:Bettino Ricasoli
1051:left governments
1031:Historical Right
1029:), later called
1007:
1000:
993:
979:Italy portal
977:
976:
975:
965:
964:
963:
785:New Centre-Right
599:
589:
579:
569:
559:
423:
414:
399:Kingdom of Italy
384:Historical Right
311:Christian values
255:
212:
202:
187:
158:
107:Merged into
62:Bettino Ricasoli
35:Historical Right
30:
21:
3292:
3291:
3287:
3286:
3285:
3283:
3282:
3281:
3202:
3201:
3200:
3195:
3158:
3148:
3147:
3137:
3136:
3128:
3113:
3109:Historical Left
3103:
3102:
3092:
3091:
3083:
3068:
3058:
3057:
3047:
3046:
3038:
3027:
3021:
3019:
3017:
2987:
2986:
2979:
2964:
2963:
2959:
2946:
2945:
2941:
2929:
2925:
2918:
2905:
2904:
2900:
2886:
2885:
2881:
2874:
2866:. p. 117.
2859:
2858:
2851:
2846:. Vol. 82.
2837:
2836:
2832:
2820:
2819:
2815:
2810:. Vol. 63.
2801:
2800:
2796:
2789:
2781:. p. 420.
2774:
2773:
2769:
2739:
2738:
2734:
2729:. Vol. 74.
2720:
2719:
2715:
2708:
2693:
2692:
2688:
2669:
2668:
2664:
2656:
2652:
2643:
2642:
2638:
2628:
2626:
2617:Cavour (1865).
2616:
2615:
2611:
2602:
2598:
2589:
2582:
2569:
2568:
2564:
2557:
2542:
2541:
2537:
2520:
2518:. Vol. 32.
2511:
2510:
2506:
2499:
2484:
2483:
2479:
2464:
2463:
2454:
2444:
2443:
2439:
2432:
2417:
2416:
2412:
2382:
2381:
2372:
2365:
2350:
2349:
2345:
2331:
2330:
2326:
2314:
2313:
2309:
2302:
2294:. p. 188.
2287:
2286:
2282:
2270:
2269:
2265:
2258:
2250:. p. 223.
2243:
2242:
2238:
2231:
2223:. p. 537.
2216:
2215:
2211:
2201:
2200:
2196:
2186:
2185:
2181:
2169:
2168:
2161:
2156:
2147:
2140:
2130:
2127:
2110:
2108:Tommaso Tittoni
2103:
2093:
2090:
2073:
2066:
2056:
2053:
2036:
2029:
2019:
2016:
1999:
1992:
1982:
1979:
1962:
1955:
1945:
1942:
1925:
1918:
1908:
1905:
1888:
1886:Silvio Spaventa
1881:
1871:
1868:
1851:
1849:Marco Minghetti
1844:
1834:
1831:
1814:
1812:Marco Minghetti
1807:
1797:
1794:
1777:
1775:Marco Minghetti
1770:
1760:
1757:
1740:
1738:Marco Minghetti
1733:
1723:
1720:
1713:156,784 (1st)
1703:
1696:
1686:
1683:
1666:
1659:
1649:
1646:
1629:
1622:
1612:
1609:
1592:
1585:
1580:
1577:
1533:
1505:Triple Alliance
1438:Marco Minghetti
1431:
1421:
1405:Marco Minghetti
1385:Cesare Correnti
1365:foreign policy.
1361:and a moderate
1325:Marco Minghetti
1309:balanced budget
1305:Marco Minghetti
1255:
1239:Urbano Rattazzi
1188:Catholic Church
1166:faction of the
1150:
1145:
1133:Austria-Hungary
1011:
973:
971:
961:
959:
952:
951:
925:
917:
916:
856:
848:
847:
843:The Republicans
808:
800:
799:
755:Direction Italy
702:Coraggio Italia
689:
681:
680:
611:
603:
602:
597:
587:
577:
567:
557:
548:
540:
539:
435:
427:
426:
394:Italian fascism
369:
361:
360:
351:Property rights
326:Italian culture
291:
283:
282:
220:
200:
181:
150:
137:
133:
129:
125:
86:
72:Marco Minghetti
40:
39:
36:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3290:
3288:
3280:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3204:
3203:
3197:
3196:
3194:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3167:
3164:
3163:
3160:
3159:
3157:
3156:
3145:
3133:
3130:
3129:
3126:
3119:
3118:
3115:
3114:
3112:
3111:
3100:
3098:Dissident Left
3088:
3085:
3084:
3081:
3074:
3073:
3070:
3069:
3067:
3066:
3055:
3043:
3040:
3039:
3036:
3029:
3028:
3018:
3016:
3015:
3008:
3001:
2993:
2985:
2984:
2977:
2957:
2939:
2923:
2916:
2898:
2895:. Vol. 3.
2879:
2872:
2849:
2830:
2827:. Vol. 2.
2813:
2794:
2787:
2767:
2748:(2): 293–323.
2732:
2713:
2706:
2700:. p. 34.
2686:
2662:
2650:
2636:
2609:
2596:
2592:Vita di Cavour
2580:
2562:
2555:
2535:
2504:
2497:
2477:
2452:
2437:
2430:
2410:
2391:(4): 381–397.
2370:
2363:
2343:
2324:
2307:
2300:
2280:
2277:. p. 703.
2263:
2256:
2236:
2229:
2209:
2194:
2179:
2158:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2149:
2148:
2145:Sidney Sonnino
2143:
2141:
2133:
2131:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2120:108,029 (4th)
2118:
2112:
2111:
2106:
2104:
2096:
2094:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2083:212,584 (3rd)
2081:
2075:
2074:
2069:
2067:
2059:
2057:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2046:271,698 (2nd)
2044:
2038:
2037:
2032:
2030:
2022:
2020:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2009:242,090 (2nd)
2007:
2001:
2000:
1995:
1993:
1985:
1983:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1972:263,315 (2nd)
1970:
1964:
1963:
1958:
1956:
1948:
1946:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1935:309,873 (2nd)
1933:
1927:
1926:
1921:
1919:
1911:
1909:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1898:138,854 (2nd)
1896:
1890:
1889:
1884:
1882:
1874:
1872:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1861:399,295 (2nd)
1859:
1853:
1852:
1847:
1845:
1837:
1835:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1824:353,693 (2nd)
1822:
1816:
1815:
1810:
1808:
1800:
1798:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1787:135,797 (2nd)
1785:
1779:
1778:
1773:
1771:
1763:
1761:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1748:
1742:
1741:
1736:
1734:
1726:
1724:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1711:
1705:
1704:
1701:Giovanni Lanza
1699:
1697:
1689:
1687:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1676:110,525 (1st)
1674:
1668:
1667:
1662:
1660:
1652:
1650:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1637:
1631:
1630:
1625:
1623:
1615:
1613:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1602:114,208 (1st)
1600:
1594:
1593:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1570:110,400 (1st)
1568:
1562:
1561:
1558:
1555:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1545:Election year
1542:
1541:
1532:
1529:
1513:Sicilian Fasci
1470:Luigi Luzzatti
1466:Sidney Sonnino
1458:Quintino Sella
1420:
1417:
1401:
1400:
1381:
1366:
1347:Giovanni Lanza
1343:
1273:House of Savoy
1254:
1251:
1231:
1230:
1211:
1196:Luigi Cibrario
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1121:British Empire
1070:industrialists
1039:Destra storica
1013:
1012:
1010:
1009:
1002:
995:
987:
984:
983:
982:
981:
969:
954:
953:
950:
949:
948:
947:
937:
932:
926:
923:
922:
919:
918:
915:
914:
909:
904:
899:
894:
889:
884:
878:
873:
868:
863:
857:
854:
853:
850:
849:
846:
845:
840:
835:
830:
825:
820:
815:
809:
806:
805:
802:
801:
798:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
747:
736:
735:
730:
725:
720:
715:
709:
704:
699:
690:
687:
686:
683:
682:
679:
678:
673:
668:
663:
658:
653:
648:
643:
638:
633:
628:
623:
618:
612:
609:
608:
605:
604:
601:
600:
590:
580:
570:
560:
549:
546:
545:
542:
541:
538:
537:
532:
527:
522:
517:
512:
507:
502:
497:
492:
487:
482:
477:
472:
467:
462:
457:
452:
447:
442:
436:
433:
432:
429:
428:
425:
424:
415:
406:
401:
396:
391:
389:Italian Empire
386:
381:
379:Black nobility
376:
370:
367:
366:
363:
362:
359:
358:
353:
348:
343:
338:
333:
328:
323:
318:
313:
308:
303:
301:Anti-communism
298:
292:
289:
288:
285:
284:
281:
280:
275:
274:
273:
271:Ultramontanism
268:
258:
257:
256:
242:
237:
232:
227:
221:
218:
217:
214:
213:
205:
204:
196:
195:
183:
182:
180:
179:
174:
169:
163:
160:
159:
148:
142:
141:
120:
114:
113:
108:
104:
103:
100:
96:
95:
92:
88:
87:
85:
84:
82:Sidney Sonnino
79:
74:
69:
67:Giovanni Lanza
64:
59:
54:
48:
46:
42:
41:
38:Destra storica
37:
34:
33:
26:
24:
18:Destra storica
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3289:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3209:
3207:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3168:
3165:
3155:
3146:
3144:
3135:
3134:
3131:
3124:
3120:
3110:
3101:
3099:
3090:
3089:
3086:
3079:
3075:
3065:
3056:
3054:
3045:
3044:
3041:
3034:
3030:
3014:
3009:
3007:
3002:
3000:
2995:
2994:
2991:
2980:
2978:9788871884950
2974:
2970:
2969:
2961:
2958:
2953:
2949:
2943:
2940:
2935:
2934:
2927:
2924:
2919:
2917:9788842095996
2913:
2909:
2902:
2899:
2894:
2890:
2883:
2880:
2875:
2873:9788871884950
2869:
2865:
2864:
2856:
2854:
2850:
2845:
2841:
2834:
2831:
2826:
2825:
2817:
2814:
2809:
2805:
2798:
2795:
2790:
2788:9781596054486
2784:
2780:
2779:
2771:
2768:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2736:
2733:
2728:
2724:
2717:
2714:
2709:
2707:9788892105478
2703:
2699:
2698:
2690:
2687:
2682:
2678:
2677:
2672:
2666:
2663:
2659:
2654:
2651:
2646:
2640:
2637:
2625:. p. 355
2624:
2620:
2613:
2610:
2606:
2600:
2597:
2593:
2587:
2585:
2581:
2576:
2572:
2566:
2563:
2558:
2556:9780816074747
2552:
2548:
2547:
2539:
2536:
2531:
2525:
2517:
2516:
2508:
2505:
2500:
2498:9788858118290
2494:
2490:
2489:
2481:
2478:
2473:
2472:
2467:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2453:
2448:
2441:
2438:
2433:
2431:9781851099085
2427:
2423:
2422:
2414:
2411:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2379:
2377:
2375:
2371:
2366:
2364:9788858121498
2360:
2356:
2355:
2347:
2344:
2339:
2335:
2328:
2325:
2320:
2319:
2311:
2308:
2303:
2301:9788834847916
2297:
2293:
2292:
2284:
2281:
2276:
2275:
2274:Studi storici
2267:
2264:
2259:
2257:9780191023477
2253:
2249:
2248:
2240:
2237:
2232:
2230:9780816074747
2226:
2222:
2221:
2213:
2210:
2206:. Oilproject.
2205:
2198:
2195:
2190:
2183:
2180:
2175:
2174:
2166:
2164:
2160:
2153:
2146:
2142:
2132:
2125:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2095:
2088:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2058:
2051:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2021:
2014:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1984:
1977:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1947:
1940:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1910:
1903:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1873:
1866:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1836:
1829:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1799:
1792:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1762:
1755:
1752:
1750:97,726 (2nd)
1749:
1747:
1744:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1725:
1718:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1688:
1681:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1651:
1644:
1641:
1639:84,685 (2nd)
1638:
1636:
1633:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1614:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1582:
1575:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1563:
1543:
1540:
1536:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1525:Liberal Union
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1481:
1479:
1478:protectionist
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1450:
1446:
1439:
1435:
1430:
1426:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1379:
1378:modernization
1375:
1372:representing
1371:
1367:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1353:representing
1352:
1348:
1344:
1341:
1337:
1336:protectionism
1333:
1330:
1327:representing
1326:
1322:
1321:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1293:Southern Army
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1263:
1259:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1192:
1191:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1158:
1154:
1147:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1129:German Empire
1126:
1125:French Empire
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1109:
1104:
1100:
1097:
1093:
1090:, obligatory
1089:
1085:
1084:
1083:laissez-faire
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1054:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1008:
1003:
1001:
996:
994:
989:
988:
986:
985:
980:
970:
968:
958:
957:
956:
955:
946:
943:
942:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
927:
921:
920:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
858:
852:
851:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
810:
804:
803:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
742:
741:
740:
734:
733:Us with Italy
731:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
714:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
694:
693:
685:
684:
677:
674:
672:
669:
667:
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
647:
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
627:
624:
622:
619:
617:
614:
613:
607:
606:
596:
595:
591:
586:
585:
581:
576:
575:
571:
566:
565:
561:
556:
555:
551:
550:
544:
543:
536:
533:
531:
528:
526:
523:
521:
518:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
501:
498:
496:
493:
491:
488:
486:
483:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
468:
466:
463:
461:
458:
456:
453:
451:
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
437:
434:Intellectuals
431:
430:
422:
421:
416:
413:
412:
407:
405:
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
375:
372:
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365:
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153:
149:
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136:
132:
128:
124:
121:
119:
115:
112:
111:Liberal Union
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
83:
80:
78:
75:
73:
70:
68:
65:
63:
60:
58:
55:
53:
50:
49:
47:
43:
31:
19:
3142:
3053:Action Party
2967:
2960:
2951:
2942:
2926:
2907:
2901:
2892:
2882:
2862:
2843:
2833:
2823:
2816:
2807:
2797:
2777:
2770:
2745:
2741:
2735:
2726:
2716:
2696:
2689:
2675:
2665:
2653:
2639:
2627:. Retrieved
2612:
2604:
2599:
2591:
2574:
2565:
2545:
2538:
2514:
2507:
2487:
2480:
2469:
2446:
2440:
2424:. ABC-CLIO.
2420:
2413:
2388:
2385:Modern Italy
2384:
2353:
2346:
2337:
2327:
2317:
2310:
2290:
2283:
2273:
2266:
2246:
2239:
2219:
2212:
2197:
2188:
2182:
2172:
1487:and radical
1482:
1442:
1402:
1363:Francophilic
1332:parochialism
1318:
1281:conservative
1266:
1246:
1232:
1161:
1136:
1106:
1103:Pope Pius IX
1092:conscription
1081:
1055:
1030:
1018:
1016:
760:Forza Italia
738:
737:
691:
592:
582:
572:
562:
552:
411:Risorgimento
404:Papal States
383:
356:Subsidiarity
336:Metapolitics
225:Berlusconism
156:centre-right
131:Conservatism
2910:. Laterza.
1501:imperialist
1449:progressive
1397:secularists
1355:Piedmontese
1289:republicans
1108:Non Expedit
1062:aristocracy
1058:bourgeoisie
897:Il Giornale
871:Il Borghese
807:Think tanks
610:Politicians
331:Maternalism
321:Familialism
316:Clericalism
296:Agrarianism
3206:Categories
3127:Right-wing
2154:References
1480:policies.
1389:Lombardian
1359:liberalism
1271:under the
1200:La Marmora
1198:, General
1164:right-wing
1101:, causing
1078:free trade
1066:landowners
1043:right-wing
883:(formerly)
813:FareFuturo
656:Procaccini
641:De Gasperi
621:Berlusconi
547:Literature
490:Montanelli
420:Sanfedismo
346:Patriotism
341:Monarchism
290:Principles
219:Ideologies
139:Monarchism
3082:Left-wing
2933:La Stampa
2762:151209326
2603:Hearder,
2524:cite book
2405:144016171
2054:116 / 508
1980:104 / 508
1869:145 / 508
1832:147 / 508
1795:171 / 508
1721:276 / 508
1684:233 / 508
1647:151 / 493
1610:183 / 443
1578:342 / 443
1393:centrists
1313:austerity
945:Socialism
912:La VeritĂ
892:Il Foglio
866:L'Armonia
861:Annabella
838:New Italy
728:Lega Nord
676:Tatarella
616:Andreotti
535:Taparelli
475:Longanesi
440:Bresciani
252:Liberismo
177:Elections
99:Dissolved
3037:Far-left
2952:Treccani
2673:(1977).
2471:Treccani
2128:44 / 508
2091:76 / 508
2017:99 / 508
1943:93 / 508
1906:48 / 508
1758:94 / 508
1285:radicals
1283:as many
1247:Connubio
1243:centrist
1131:against
1123:and the
1074:military
661:Salandra
626:Cacciari
525:Salandra
485:Margotti
470:Lombroso
465:Leopardi
460:Giubilei
278:Populism
192:a series
118:Ideology
2681:Rizzoli
2590:Romeo,
1560:Leader
1517:Kassala
1340:Germany
1329:Emilian
1295:led by
1269:Kingdom
1237:led by
1148:Origins
1143:History
1096:secular
1035:Italian
1023:Italian
1021:group (
924:Related
876:Candido
739:Defunct
688:Parties
666:Salvini
636:Forlani
520:Reghini
500:Mughini
480:Maistre
368:History
91:Founded
45:Leaders
3151:
3149:
3140:
3138:
3106:
3104:
3095:
3093:
3061:
3059:
3050:
3048:
2975:
2914:
2870:
2785:
2760:
2704:
2629:25 May
2605:Cavour
2553:
2495:
2428:
2403:
2361:
2298:
2254:
2227:
1554:Seats
1548:Votes
1374:Tuscan
1215:Cavour
1027:Destra
907:Libero
711:
692:Active
646:Meloni
598:(2004)
588:(2001)
578:(1934)
568:(1916)
558:(1900)
510:Pareto
505:Papini
152:Centre
2758:S2CID
2401:S2CID
2086:13.9
2049:21.4
2012:19.4
1975:21.6
1938:18.3
1864:27.9
1827:28.9
1790:37.9
1753:28.2
1716:53.6
1679:37.2
1642:39.2
1605:41.2
1573:46.1
1019:Right
887:Epoca
855:Media
671:Sogno
530:Sogno
495:Mosca
450:Evola
445:Cuoco
2973:ISBN
2912:ISBN
2868:ISBN
2783:ISBN
2702:ISBN
2631:2014
2551:ISBN
2530:link
2493:ISBN
2426:ISBN
2359:ISBN
2296:ISBN
2252:ISBN
2225:ISBN
2123:5.9
2116:1909
2079:1904
2042:1900
2005:1897
1968:1895
1931:1892
1901:9.4
1894:1890
1857:1886
1820:1882
1783:1880
1746:1876
1709:1874
1672:1870
1635:1867
1598:1865
1566:1861
1557:+/–
1472:and
1427:and
1409:Left
1395:and
1349:and
1303:and
1287:and
1235:Left
1221:and
1202:and
1080:and
1017:The
718:Lega
651:Pera
631:Fini
515:Pera
455:Gini
102:1913
94:1849
2750:doi
2393:doi
1769:182
1621:159
1182:by
1105:'s
154:to
3208::
2950:.
2891:.
2852:^
2842:.
2806:.
2756:.
2746:24
2744:.
2725:.
2621:.
2583:^
2573:.
2549:.
2526:}}
2522:{{
2491:.
2468:.
2455:^
2399:.
2389:13
2387:.
2373:^
2357:.
2336:.
2162:^
2139:32
2102:20
2065:17
1991:11
1954:45
1917:97
1843:24
1806:77
1732:43
1695:82
1658:32
1551:%
1468:,
1217:,
1139:.
1068:,
1037::
1025::
194:on
3012:e
3005:t
2998:v
2981:.
2954:.
2920:.
2876:.
2791:.
2764:.
2752::
2710:.
2683:.
2660:.
2647:.
2633:.
2577:.
2559:.
2532:)
2501:.
2434:.
2407:.
2395::
2367:.
2340:.
2304:.
2260:.
2233:.
2191:.
2176:.
2028:5
1880:2
1584:–
1342:.
1210:.
1033:(
1006:e
999:t
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