262:. To give the appearance that the periodical was established by Ottoman citizens of other ethnicities, an editorial board was created composed of figureheads selected from expatriates of various Ottoman ethnic communities. Information was gathered on the periodical by the Swiss political police. Under the editorship of Hima, the inaugural issue of İttihad appeared on 23 February 1903 with the first article recommending an Ottoman federal system of government with stress placed on Albania as being most suitable for that type of administration. Additional articles discussed reforms of the state, linguistic self determination within the empire and Ottoman unity. The periodical was initiated as a Young Turk publication and in short time became an organ of the Albanian national movement and was written in prose style to attract Albanians. İttihad was unable to last as Swiss authorities of the time undertook strict measures against Albanian opponents of the Ottoman sultan. Hima was a follower of
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31:
303:" of placing army officers into civil administration positions in Albania instead of qualified bureaucrats and protesting the use of force to resolve local problems. The newspaper was shut down at the end of 1910, part of the wider campaign by the Ottoman government against the Albanian Latin character alphabet and schools. Hima stated at the time that he received assistance for his publishing activities from Albanians within the empire.
89:
319:, the vali of Yanina, Mehmed Ali singled him out as being a bad influence on people in the region and Hima wired the Porte with complaints about the behavior of the governor. In the late Ottoman period, Hima supported Austro-Hungarian assistance toward Albanian geopolitical interests in the Balkans. Hima was one of the signatories of the
314:
and it was an edited work containing chapters by Hima and other
Albanians on history and other topics like the geopolitical situation of Albanians. Hima's book highlighted the narrative of Albanian loyalty and sacrifice to the empire and he stressed the development of an "Albanian national
222:. The newspaper later ceased publication due to a lack of money and complaints from the Ottoman embassy in Romania. Hima writing in the fortnightly called for the unification of the Albanian vilayets and autonomy for Albania within the Ottoman Empire. The Italians shut down his journal
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allowed for political exiles like Hima to return home. In his newspaper Hima stressed the importance of
Albanian identity and language by viewing them as being two sides of the same coin. He outlined that the publication was aimed at enlightening
294:
among
Albanian highlanders. He advocated for a unitary province of Albania, Albanian-Turkish language schools, and locals undertaking military service within five provinces in the Ottoman Balkans. On 13 December 1910 Hima raised concerns in
245:
the prince of
Albania. Hima's committee was active in Romania and symbolised a Romanian-Albanian rapprochement while the group held anti-Slav and anti-Greek positions. The Ottoman authorities viewed Hima as a pawn of Damad Mahmud Pasha and
257:
the remaining members of the old CUP organisation faced a diplomatic assault by
Ottoman authorities. In a final act CUP members of Albanian descent Hima, Ahmed Rifat and Halil Muvaffak founded a bilingual journal
290:
on matters such as the
Albanian alphabet question. Hima also highlighted Albanian sacrifices and contributions to the empire, claimed that Albania was "the cradle of freedom" and defended use of the
286:
was used by Hima to address the
Ottoman government and keep Albanian issues within the public sphere while his newspaper printed petitions and letters by Albanians and Albanian deputies of the
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which promoted
Albanian nationalism and Hima planned to restart publishing activities at Geneva. For Ottoman authorities Hima's journal was seen as being only a revolutionary appeal.
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and was instructed by him to write in Young Turk journals with the aim of achieving reconciliation between the Young Turks and
Albanian opponents of the sultan.
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250:. Hima and Jashar Erebara, another delegate of the 1902 Congress both published a Turkish-Albanian journal for Shpresa, an Albanian nationalist society.
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were its editors and the paper advocated for an independent
Albania ruled by a foreign prince and protected by the
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dialect. In August 1908 Hima left his studies unfinished and devoted himself to the Albanian national movement.
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241:. A committee was founded in Paris by Hima and Dimitri Papazoglou, an Aromanian captain that sought to make
278:, raising their levels of intellect and culture along with encouraging cooperation and an understanding of
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343:- A Dervish Hima interview for the Bulgarian Exarchist newspaper "Вести", published in 1910 in Istanbul.
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282:, the Ottoman system, empire and its peoples in relation to them toward improving their situation.
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341:"Борбата и нуждите на Албания", публикувано във в. "Вести", брой 106, Цариград, 1910 година
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and called for Albanian national unity, which resulted in an attempted assassination in
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The Crescent and the Eagle: Ottoman rule, Islam and the Albanians, 1874–1913
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with no connections to any Albanian societies. At the time Hima and
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politician and one of the delegates who participated at the
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Hima also gave speeches to enthusiastic audiences against
731:"History of Albanian People" Albanian Academy of Science.
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Preparation for a Revolution: The Young Turks, 1902-1908
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During June 1900 an Albanian newspaper was published in
711:. Princeton: Princeton University Press. p. 268.
315:literature" as important for Albanians. During the
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765:Activists of the Albanian National Awakening
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645:. Oxford University Press. p. 346.
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260:İttihad-ı-Osmanî-La Federation Ottomane
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800:Second Congress of Manastir delegates
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321:Albanian Declaration of Independence
144:Albanian Declaration of Independence
167:landowning family, which spoke the
684:. London: IB Tauris. p. 194.
370:"Historical dictionary of Albania"
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775:20th-century Albanian politicians
770:19th-century Albanian politicians
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87:
795:All-Albanian Congress delegates
708:The Albanian national awakening
269:The restoration in 1908 of the
310:(The Illustrated Albanian) in
235:Congress of Ottoman Opposition
1:
233:, Hima was a delegate at the
790:People from Manastir vilayet
306:In 1911 he published a book
639:Hanioğlu, M. Șükrü (2001).
237:(1902) organised by Prince
195:by the Ottoman government.
816:
598:, pp. 184, 202, 207.
159:Dervish Hima was born in
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28:
678:Gawrych, George (2006).
705:Skendi, Stavro (1967).
317:Albanian revolt of 1912
292:tribal law of Dukagjin
185:pan-Islamic influences
214:, both students from
138:, was a 19th-century
586:, pp. 183, 209.
406:, pp. 363, 397.
271:Ottoman constitution
136:Ibrahim Mehmet Naxhi
447:, pp. 52, 345.
423:, pp. 151–152.
331:Hima died in 1928.
216:Istanbul University
16:Albanian politician
780:People from Struga
471:, pp. 15, 52.
288:Ottoman parliament
224:Albania-Arnavudluk
134:(1872–1928), born
538:, pp. 52–53.
382:on 6 October 2014
169:Albanian language
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785:Albanian Muslims
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375:. Archived from
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187:coming from the
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38:Personal details
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368:Elsie, Robert.
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312:Ottoman Turkish
308:Musaver Arnavud
299:about Ottoman "
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59:North Macedonia
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53:Ottoman Albania
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301:militarization
212:Jashar Erebara
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74:(aged 56)
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737:99927-1-623-1
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718:9781400847761
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70:13 April 1928
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666:Gawrych 2006
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384:. Retrieved
377:the original
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307:
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283:
268:
264:Ibrahim Temo
259:
252:
243:Albert Ghica
228:
223:
220:Great Powers
197:
182:
158:
135:
132:Dervish Hima
131:
130:
72:(1928-04-13)
23:Dervish Hima
760:1928 deaths
755:1872 births
421:Skendi 1967
404:Skendi 1967
189:Young Turks
83:Nationality
749:Categories
348:References
335:Literature
327:Later life
280:Ottomanism
239:Sabahaddin
155:Early life
108:Politician
100:Occupation
276:Albanians
208:Bucharest
150:Biography
114:Signature
104:Publisher
204:Romanian
165:Albanian
140:Albanian
94:Albanian
386:30 July
297:Arnavud
284:Arnavud
200:Turkish
171:in the
77:Albania
735:
715:
688:
649:
255:Geneva
163:to an
161:Struga
49:Struga
380:(PDF)
373:(PDF)
231:Paris
193:Korçë
733:ISBN
713:ISBN
686:ISBN
647:ISBN
388:2012
202:and
173:Tosk
67:Died
46:1872
43:Born
253:In
229:In
206:at
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603:^
512:^
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476:^
411:^
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323:.
146:.
106:,
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721:.
694:.
655:.
390:.
61:)
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