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news of the damage and disruption caused by butterfly bombs in order to avoid encouraging continued use by the
Germans. On October 28, 1940, some butterfly bombs that had failed to arm themselves properly were discovered in Ipswich by British Army ordnance technicians Sergeant Cann and 2nd Lieutenant Taylor. By screwing the arming rods back into the fuzes (i.e. the unarmed position) they were able to recover safe examples of the new weapon system to allow the British to reverse-engineer and understand the mechanism.
136:(connected to the fuze) counterclockwise as the bomblet fell. After the spindle had revolved approximately 10 times (partially unscrewing itself from the bomb) it released a spring-loaded pin inside the fuze, which fully armed the SD 2 bomb. The wings and arming spindle remained attached to the bomb after the fuze had armed itself, as the bomb descended towards the ground. Butterfly bombs contained the kleine ZĂĽndladung 34 (kl. Zdlg. 34/Np with a blasting cap and 7 grams of
436:
144:) explosive. The fragmentation density produced by an SD 2 was 1 fragment per m in 8 meters radius from a ground burst SD 2 bomb; overall, the body of an SD 2 did produce about 250 fragments with a mass of over 1 gram and a still greater number of lighter fragments. The fragments were generally lethal to anyone within a radius of 10 metres (33 ft) and could inflict serious
359:
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102:. It was so named because the thin cylindrical metal outer shell which hinged open when the bomblet deployed gave it the superficial appearance of a large butterfly. The design was very distinctive and easy to recognise. SD 2 bomblets were not dropped individually, but were packed into containers holding between 6 and 108 submunitions e.g. the
209:
Not all unexploded SD 2 butterfly bombs still have their wings attached. In some cases the wings have rusted away and fallen off. The SD 2 then resembles a rusty tin can with an aluminium disc (the fuze) in its side, sometimes with a short stub projecting from it. Regardless of age and condition, all
234:
in June 1943, amongst various other targets in the United
Kingdom. Lieutenant Colonel Eric Wakeling led the clearance of the unexploded ordnance in Grimsby within the Royal Engineers. They were subsequently used against Allied forces in the Middle East. The British Government deliberately suppressed
110:
submunition dispensers. The SD 2 submunitions were released after the container was released from the aircraft and had burst open. Because SD 2s were always dropped in groups (never individually) the discovery of one unexploded SD 2 was a reliable indication that others had been dropped nearby. This
295:
On the island of Malta in 1981 Paul Gauci, a 41-year-old
Maltese man, died after welding a butterfly bomb to a metal pipe and using it as a mallet, thinking it was a harmless can. The latest find of such a bomb was on 28 October 2009, by an 11-year-old boy in a secluded valley close to a heavily
188:
Butterfly bombs in a submunitions container could have a mixture of different fuzes fitted to increase disruption to the target. Additionally, when a single fuze type with two operating functions was fitted (e.g. type 41), bombs in a submunitions container could have either or both possible fuze
163:
the bomb in the air, approximately 5 seconds after being armed. The "AZ" (AufschlagzĂĽnder - impact) setting triggers detonation when the bomb hits the ground. The fuze is armed if 4 screw threads at the base of the arming spindle are visible. This fuze is highly sensitive to disturbance if the
135:
screwed into the fuze pocket in the side of the bomblet. The outer shell was hinged and would flip open as two half-cylinders when it was dropped. Additionally, spring-loaded wings at the ends would flip out. The wings at the end were canted at an angle to the airflow, which turned the spindle
277:. Because of Hitler's interference, these jet-powered fighters were pressed into service as a Jabo (JagdBomber, fighter-bomber), a role for which they were poorly suited. Notably, Me 262s were sent on nuisance raids against Eindhoven in early October, loaded with AB 250 bomblet dispensers.
246:(10 kg submunitions) on key Soviet airfields, a flight of three aircraft being assigned to each field. The purpose of these early attacks was to cause disruption and confusion as well as to preclude dispersion of Soviet planes until the main attack was launched. It was reported that
189:
settings selected by the
Luftwaffe ground crew. Fuze variants such as the 41A, 41B, 70B1, 70B2, etc., also existed. These variants were inserted into the fuze pocket via a bayonet fitting (the fuze was held in place via two steel clips) but otherwise functioned identically.
170:– clockwork time delay. Time of detonation can be set between 5 and 30 minutes after arming itself in the air. This fuze also has an external selector switch for impact detonation. The particular switch setting of any type 67 fuze is clearly visible on its exterior.
389:
The United States manufactured a copy of the SD 2 for use during World War II, the Korean War and
Vietnam War, designating it the M83 submunition. The 3 fuze types used on the M83 submunition were slightly modified versions of the original German designs:
253:
Luftwaffe monthly consumption of the SD 2 increased from 289,000 examples in the summer of 1941 to 436,000 in July 1943 and 520,000 in August 1943. This increase was nowhere near high enough to match the
Luftwaffe senior leadership's demands.
200:
for any unexploded SD 2 butterfly bomb was to evacuate the area for at least 30 minutes (in case the bomblet was fitted with a type 67 time delay fuze), then surround it with a ring of sandbags (to contain the explosion) and destroy it
148:
injuries (e.g. deep penetrating eye wounds) as far away as 100 metres (330 ft). Butterfly bombs were usually painted either straw yellow (desert camouflage), or, if fitted with the DoppZ (41) or (41) A fuze, dark green or grey.
61:
49:
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by detonating a small explosive charge beside it. Other solutions were to attach a long string to the bomb and tug on it after taking cover, or for bombs in open countryside, shooting at them with a rifle from a safe distance.
307:
397:- airburst or impact fuze. Airburst detonation occurred 2.5 seconds after arming. Detonation on impact was instantaneous. The fuze setting is clearly marked on the exterior and was selectable by ground crew
280:
The last recorded UK death from a German butterfly bomb in
England occurred on November 27, 1956, over 11 years after the end of the war: Flight Lieutenant Herbert Derrington of the
423:
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403:- clockwork time fuze with time delays ranging from 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 or 60 minutes. Has no markings, but is recognisable by the square-shaped fitting for the arming spindle
409:- anti-disturbance fuze. Detonation triggered when the device was disturbed. Has no markings, but is recognisable by the pentagonal-shaped fitting for the arming spindle
115:
ever used in combat and it proved to be a highly effective weapon. The bomb containers that carried the SD 2 bomblets and released them in the air were nicknamed the "
196:. This was because SD 2 fuzes were deliberately designed to be extremely difficult and dangerous to render safe once they had armed themselves. Instead, the standard
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184:) will trigger detonation if the bomb is moved after impact with the ground. The fuze is armed if 3 screw threads at the base of the arming spindle are visible.
634:
805:
131:, which was slightly larger in diameter before its wings deployed. A steel cable 121 mm (4.8 in) long was attached via a spindle to an aluminium
580:
930:
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selector switch is set to "Zeit" and the bomb is unexploded. The particular switch setting of any type 41 fuze is clearly visible on its exterior.
152:
Butterfly bombs could be fitted with any one of three fuzes, which were made of aluminium and stamped with the model type surrounded by a circle:
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288:, where explosive ordnance disposal experimental and research work took place) when it detonated. He died of shrapnel and blast injuries at
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As with more modern cluster bombs, it was not considered practical to disarm butterfly bombs which had fully armed themselves but failed to
489:
435:
923:
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242:, the German invasion of the Soviet Union which began on 22 June 1941. Twenty to thirty aircrews had been picked to drop SD 2s and
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38:
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197:
313:
Photo of an SD 2 from Civil
Defence Training Pamphlet No 2: Objects Dropped From The Air (3rd Edition).
250:
lost 15 aircraft due to accidents with the SD 2s - nearly half of the total
Luftwaffe losses that day.
559:
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274:
239:
177:
319:
978:
812:
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247:
223:
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140:) booster and the main explosive filling consisting of 225 grams of cast FĂĽllpulver 60/40 (
606:
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F/G series, but in practice, they could be lifted by a wide variety of aircraft, including the
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was examining an SD 2 at the "Upminster bomb cemetery" (some remote sandpits situated East of
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bomblet dispenser could carry 144 SD 2 anti-personnel submunitions, or 30 of the anti-armor
711:
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1112:
1107:
1062:
693:
Forsyth, Robert (2012). Me 262 Bomber and
Reconnaissance Units. Osprey Publishing. pp 31.
159:– has an external selector switch with two settings. The "Zeit" (time) setting will
296:
bombarded airfield. This bomb was safely detonated on-site by the Armed Forces of Malta.
561:
BBC Interview: German Cluster Bombing of Civilians During WW2. James I. Rogers June 2013
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unexploded SD 2s remain highly sensitive to disturbance and can easily detonate.
17:
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The 4-pound (1.8 kg) M83 fragmentation bomblet was used in the US M28 and
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490:"Remembering the terror the Luftwaffe's butterfly bombs brought to the North"
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US M83 cluster bomb with wings closed. The fuze has not yet armed itself
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The SD 2 submunition was a 76-millimetre (3.0 in) long cylinder of
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Jappy, M.J. Danger UXB (London: MacMillan Publishers), 2001, page 158
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906:, Bureau of Naval Personnel, Navy Department, Washington D.C., 1944.
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could carry 108 SD 2s. AB 250s were most frequently carried by the
453:
500 lb M29 cluster bomb with ninety M83 submunitions inside it
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911:
The Butterfly Bombing of Grimsby, Untold History on History Hit TV
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at the base of arming spindle are visible: fuze is now armed
581:"War hero served with real honour, bravery and distinction"
37:"Devil's Eggs" redirects here. For the nature reserve, see
892:
British Government public warning about the Butterfly Bomb
86:) was a German 2-kilogram (4.4 lb) anti-personnel
663:
Price, Dr Alfred (Autumn 2003). "Pre-Emptive Strike".
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987:
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635:"A Lesson of History: The Luftwaffe and Barbarossa"
881:Description of the M83, a US copy of this design
633:Ratley III, Major Lonnie O. (March–April 1983).
763:"Selected Incidents.......2|The Butterfly Bomb"
931:
786:
784:
8:
792:"Boy Finds Lethal WWII Bomb in Qormi Valley"
524:, Key Publishing, No. 359, June 2001, p. 70
520:"Operation Barbarossa", Jonathan Garraway,
1534:Military equipment introduced in the 1940s
938:
924:
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238:The SD 2 saw use in the opening stages of
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64:SD 2 - Open: wings have flipped open and
441:US M83 cluster bomb with wings deployed.
218:Butterfly bombs were first used against
480:
419:
303:
605:Williamson, Mitch (October 20, 2018).
7:
1524:World War II aerial bombs of Germany
119:" by Luftwaffe air and ground crew.
886:Additional photo of butterfly bomb
838:German Air-Dropped Weapons to 1945
794:. Times of Malta. 29 October 2009.
222:in 1940, but were also dropped on
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79:Sprengbombe Dickwandig 2 kg
815:via uxoinfo.com. Archived from
488:Rogers, James I. (2013-06-21).
364:AB 250-1 submunition dispenser.
111:bomb type was one of the first
738:Bomb Disposal in World War Two
352:AB 70-3 submunition dispenser.
1:
946:German aerial weapons of the
735:Ransted, Chris (2018-01-30).
340:AB 24T submunition dispenser.
41:. For the culinary dish, see
1550:
36:
29:
265:submunitions. While the
859:. MacMillan Publishers.
535:"Butterfly Bombs terror"
30:Not to be confused with
1446:Blohm & Voss BV 950
1441:Blohm & Voss BV 246
1436:Blohm & Voss BV 143
1519:Anti-personnel weapons
836:Fleischer, W. (2004).
379:submunition dispenser.
328:submunition dispenser.
69:
57:
1036:Anti-tank autocannons
639:Air University Review
198:render safe procedure
63:
51:
1429:Experimental weapons
1362:High-explosive bombs
1226:Armor-piercing bombs
1128:Anti-personnel bombs
855:Jappy, M.J. (2001).
806:"NAVORD OCL AV14-44"
607:"SD 2 Schmetterling"
240:Operation Barbarossa
178:anti-handling device
611:Weapons and Warfare
902:"Butterfly Bomb",
813:United States Navy
712:"AFM Results Page"
290:Oldchurch Hospital
248:Kampfgeschwader 51
224:Kingston upon Hull
70:
58:
1506:
1505:
1081:Werfer-Granate 21
748:978-1-5267-1567-8
741:. Pen and Sword.
585:Grimsby Telegraph
539:Grimsby Telegraph
415:M29 cluster bombs
271:Focke-Wulf Fw 190
18:Devil's Eggs
16:(Redirected from
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1063:Unguided rockets
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769:on March 4, 2012
765:. Archived from
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100:Second World War
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822:on 2011-07-17.
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682:Fleischer 2004
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74:Butterfly Bomb
32:Butterfly Mine
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66:screw threads
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27:German weapon
19:
1529:Submunitions
1145:
1091:Guided bombs
956:Machine guns
903:
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830:Bibliography
817:the original
800:
771:. Retrieved
767:the original
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719:. Retrieved
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647:. Retrieved
643:the original
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589:. Retrieved
587:. 2013-12-13
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565:, retrieved
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543:. Retrieved
541:. 2013-06-13
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505:. Retrieved
494:The Guardian
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465:Thermos Bomb
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117:Devil's Eggs
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1494: [
1071:Panzerblitz
989:Autocannons
904:Booby Traps
840:. Midland.
232:Cleethorpes
123:Description
98:during the
88:submunition
43:deviled egg
39:Devil's Egg
1513:Categories
1294:SD 4/HL RS
1264:PC 1800 Rs
1259:PC 1000 Rs
857:Danger UXB
721:2020-06-13
649:2008-08-23
591:2017-02-09
567:2017-02-09
545:2017-02-09
507:2017-02-09
471:References
182:booby trap
138:Nitropenta
1461:Jagdfaust
1342:AB 500-3A
1337:AB 500-1B
1254:PC 500 Rs
1156:SD 10 FRZ
502:0261-3077
476:Citations
129:cast iron
106:SD 2 and
96:Luftwaffe
1347:AB 70-D1
1332:AB 500-1
1327:AB 250-3
1322:AB 250-2
1284:SC 10 DW
1141:SD 1 FRZ
1095:missiles
522:Fly Past
459:See also
377:AB 250-3
267:AB 250-3
259:AB 250-2
194:detonate
176:–
161:detonate
108:AB 250-3
1476:MK 214A
1420:SC 2500
1415:SC 2000
1410:SC 1800
1405:SC 1200
1400:SC 1000
1380:SB 2500
1375:SB 1800
1370:SB 1000
1299:SD 9/HL
1289:SD 4 HL
1274:PD 1000
1249:PC 1600
1244:PC 1400
1239:PC 1000
1216:SD 1700
1211:SD 1400
1206:SD 500E
1201:SD 500A
1186:SBe 250
1161:SD 10 C
1151:SD 10 A
1108:Hs 117H
1103:Fritz X
1022:MK 214A
897:YouTube
773:May 14,
385:US copy
300:Gallery
228:Grimsby
220:Ipswich
203:in situ
174:70 fuze
168:67 fuze
157:41 fuze
92:bomblet
1491:SG 116
1481:MK 115
1471:MK 112
1466:MG 213
1395:SC 500
1390:SC 250
1352:BDC 10
1269:PD 500
1234:PC 500
1196:SD 500
1191:SD 250
1171:SBe 50
1113:Hs 293
1053:BK 7.5
1043:BK 3.7
1017:MK 108
1012:MK 103
1007:MK 101
1002:MG 151
979:MG 131
863:
844:
745:
697:
500:
407:M131A1
401:M130A1
395:M128A1
275:Me 262
180:(i.e.
142:Amatol
1498:]
1385:SC 50
1317:AB 23
1279:SC 10
1181:SD 70
1176:SD 50
1166:SD 15
997:MG FF
969:MG 17
964:MG 15
820:(PDF)
809:(PDF)
326:AB 23
244:SD10s
104:AB 23
1146:SD 2
1136:SD 1
1093:and
1048:BK 5
861:ISBN
842:ISBN
775:2012
743:ISBN
695:ISBN
671:(3).
498:ISSN
263:SD-4
257:The
230:and
133:fuze
90:(or
84:SD 2
76:(or
72:The
54:fuze
1076:R4M
895:on
282:RAF
214:Use
82:or
1515::
1496:de
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783:^
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
