953:
305:
Several representations of a human foot engraved on stelae are known from
Castellar and its vicinity. Two conflicting interpretations have been proposed: a votive function (e.g. a mark let by pilgrims, or the foot of a divinity), or, more likely, a funerary function, by comparing with similar sites
230:
During the Roman period, the former oppidum of
Castellar saw the creation of a shrine devoted to the goddess Dexiua, a local deity only found in the region and with a clear ethnic dimension. The sanctuary was probably frequented by the local inhabitants between the 1st century BC and the end of the
167:
Beyond are the canals leading out of the Rhone, famous as the work of Gaius Marius whose distinguished name they bear, Lake
Mastromela and the town of Maritima of the Avatici, and above are the Stony Plains, where tradition says that Hercules fought battles, the district of the Anatilii, and inland
239:
in relation to the gift of axes, in an inscription dated to the 3rd century AD. Some scholars have proposed to see the couple as the protectors of the local community, although others contend that the association appears to be indirect and rather prompted by the needs of the dedicant.
103:
thus either means 'those who live in the south' (i.e. 'the
Southerners'), or 'those of the goddess Dexiua' (i.e. 'Worshippers of Dexiua'), whose name could be translated as 'she who is on the right / in the south', whence 'the Favourable'.
290:), whose name is related to the deity. Lanovalus has been interpreted as a healing god in the context of a water-related cult. His name literally means 'Full Prince' (i.e. 'All-Powerful'), stemming from the Gaulish root
231:
3rd century AD. Her name could suggest that she was a deity of (good) fortune, or else connected to a fecundity function which would be equivalent to the Roman cult of
218:
The
Dexivates were influenced by Greek culture, as attested by a series of Gallo-Greek inscriptions referring to personal names, and the discovery of a large hoard of
718:"La déesse Dexiua du Castellar (Cadenet, Vaucluse). Confrontation des témoignages épigraphiques et des données archéologiques à l'occasion des premières fouilles"
648:
Beck, Noémie (2013). "Celtic Divine Names
Related to Gaulish and British Population Groups". In Hofeneder, Andreas; de Bernardo Stempel, Patrizia (eds.).
889:
210:, built in the Middle Ages on a former Gallic site. The countryside was densely populated, with 38 rural sites identified from the Roman period.
2117:
918:
835:
657:
773:
Haeussler, Ralph (2008). "Pouvoir et religion dans un paysage gallo-romain: les cités d'Apt et d'Aix-en-Provence". In
Haeussler, R. (ed.).
2357:
857:
782:
706:
2367:
717:
687:
609:
952:
752:
Golosetti, Raphaël (2017). "Cult Places at Former Oppida in South-East Gaul: Questions of Memory, Tradition and
Identity".
2372:
882:
330:
183:
699:
Dictionary of
Continental Celtic Place-names: A Celtic Companion to the Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World
2009:
195:) was probably the chief town of the Dexivates. The site was occupied until at least the 3rd century AD. Another
1609:
2294:
2269:
2029:
775:
Romanisation et épigraphie. Études interdisciplinaires sur l'acculturation et l'identité dans l'Empire romain
1509:
875:
261:, which was probably a collective designation for the local deities of Cadenet, or else for its inhabitants:
178:
1999:
1529:
929:
200:
121:
2082:
2107:
1544:
2299:
1539:
987:
912:
205:
2014:
2004:
1451:
740:
663:
2140:
2092:
2064:
2039:
2019:
1776:
1638:
1459:
1016:
244:
d(onum) d(at) Quartus Mar(ti) securem
Dexsive Quartus securem v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito)
44:
2102:
2049:
1984:
1209:
1974:
1891:
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853:
831:
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1489:
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982:
2074:
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1966:
1464:
1247:
1229:
1021:
801:
761:
732:
675:
236:
148:
78:
1381:
1126:
680:
Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: Une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental
599:
265:
Dexivae et Caudellensibus C(aius) Helvius Primus sedilia v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito)
1386:
845:
595:
71:
794:"Un rempart à agger dans le sud de la France? L'oppidum du Castellar (Cadenet, Vaucluse)"
126:
2362:
2034:
1514:
1351:
1266:
1196:
1048:
823:
2351:
2254:
1648:
1436:
828:
Gallia Narbonensis: With a Chapter on Alpes Maritimae: Southern France in Roman Times
744:
650:
Théonymie celtique, cultes, interpretatio - Keltische Theonymie, Kulte, Interpretatio
2259:
2227:
2059:
1574:
1494:
1286:
1121:
923:
196:
48:
2165:
1499:
1341:
1261:
1243:
1181:
1161:
935:
628:
156:
91:('on the right, in the south, favourable'). A local goddess is also attested as
2309:
2222:
2145:
1856:
1726:
1716:
1696:
1691:
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1255:
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1204:
1186:
1166:
1081:
941:
604:. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Rackham, H. Harvard University Press.
815:
667:
633:
Les Peuples préromains du Sud-Est de la Gaule: étude de géographie historique
191:
Built in the 3rd–2nd century BC, the oppidum of Castellar de Cadenet (modern
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Golosetti, Raphaël; Isoardi, Delphine; Agusta-Boularot, Sandrine (2010).
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36:
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24:
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Documents d'archéologie méridionale. Protohistoire du Sud de la France
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792:
Isoardi, Delphine; Mocci, Florence; Walsh, Kevin (2009).
867:
222:
coins at Castellar dated from the 3rd–2nd centuries BC.
375:
373:
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652:. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press. pp. 51–72.
2245:
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2116:
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1965:
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1047:
1040:
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112:The territory of the Dexivates was located in the
473:
263:
242:
165:
235:. Dexiua is venerated once with the Roman god
35:tribe dwelling in the southern part of modern
883:
850:Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World
578:Golosetti, Isoardi & Agusta-Boularot 2010
554:Golosetti, Isoardi & Agusta-Boularot 2010
542:Golosetti, Isoardi & Agusta-Boularot 2010
407:Golosetti, Isoardi & Agusta-Boularot 2010
278:Two inscriptions dedicated to the native god
8:
1044:
890:
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302:is also known from the castle of Cadenet.
805:
565:
529:
514:
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461:
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342:
298:('ruler, prince'). An altar dedicated to
282:were found near a mountain stream called
257:Dexiua is also associated once with the
430:
418:
394:
315:
777:. Éditions Mergoil. pp. 155–248.
120:massif, in what is today known as the
919:Celtic settlement of Southeast Europe
442:
322:
173:
7:
379:
168:those of the Dexivates and Cavares.
725:Revue archéologique de Narbonnaise
39:, near the present-day village of
14:
951:
294:- ('full') attached to the word
474:Isoardi, Mocci & Walsh 2009
852:. Princeton University Press.
1:
754:Oxford Journal of Archaeology
697:Falileyev, Alexander (2010).
131:. They dwelled north of the
421:, Map 15: Arelate-Massalia.
199:oppidum was located in the
2389:
2358:Historical Celtic peoples
2333:
949:
155:. According to historian
59:The tribe is attested as
2368:Tribes in pre-Roman Gaul
568:, pp. 196–197, 306.
300:Iuppiter Optimus Maximus
159:, they were part of the
273:ILN III, 222 = CAG 84.2
252:ILN III, 221 = CAG 84.2
74:in the 1st century AD.
846:Talbert, Richard J. A.
276:
255:
189:
161:Saluvian confederation
87:derives from the stem
930:First Transalpine War
737:10.3406/ran.2010.1802
116:valley, south of the
306:from southern Gaul.
2373:History of Vaucluse
988:Gallo-Roman culture
913:Battle of the Allia
505:, pp. 175–178.
464:, pp. 180–181.
397:, pp. 204–205.
2270:Basel-Münsterhügel
766:10.1111/ojoa.12111
580:, p. 113–115.
327:Naturalis Historia
179:Naturalis Historia
151:, and west of the
2345:
2344:
2241:
2240:
1272:Bituriges Vivisci
837:978-0-7134-5860-2
676:Delamarre, Xavier
659:978-3-7001-7369-4
635:. E. de Boccard.
382:, pp. 55–56.
201:castle of Cadenet
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824:Rivet, A. L. F.
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800:(32): 121–150.
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566:Delamarre 2003
558:
556:, p. 116.
546:
544:, p. 117.
534:
532:, p. 180.
530:Haeussler 2008
519:
517:, p. 175.
515:Haeussler 2008
507:
503:Golosetti 2017
495:
493:, p. 181.
491:Haeussler 2008
478:
476:, p. 126.
466:
462:Golosetti 2017
447:
435:
433:, p. 188.
423:
411:
409:, p. 110.
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359:Delamarre 2003
351:
343:Falileyev 2010
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689:9782877723695
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668:j.ctv8mdn28.7
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611:9780674993648
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122:Pays d'Aigues
119:
115:
107:
105:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
83:
80:
75:
73:
69:
62:
54:
52:
50:
46:
43:, during the
42:
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
2335:
2260:Argentomagus
2228:Tolistobogii
2060:Vertamocorii
1610:Vertamocorii
1575:Segovellauni
1519:
1495:Budenicenses
1287:Coriosolites
1122:Mediomatrici
932:(125–121 BC)
924:Galatian War
915:(ca. 387 BC)
849:
830:. Batsford.
827:
797:
774:
757:
753:
728:
724:
698:
679:
649:
632:
629:Barruol, Guy
621:Bibliography
600:
573:
561:
549:
537:
510:
498:
469:
438:
431:Barruol 1969
426:
419:Talbert 2000
414:
402:
395:Barruol 1969
354:
346:
338:
326:
318:
304:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
277:
267:
264:
259:Caudellenses
258:
256:
246:
243:
229:
217:
190:
177:
166:
111:
100:
96:
93:Dexiua (Dea)
92:
88:
84:
76:
67:
60:
58:
49:Roman period
28:
20:
18:
16:Gallic tribe
2248:settlements
2166:Hercuniates
2015:Gallianates
2005:Bromanenses
1500:Camactulici
1452:Narbonensis
1342:Nitiobroges
1262:Bodiocasses
1244:Brannovices
1182:Veliocasses
1162:Silvanectes
936:Gallic Wars
682:. Errance.
204: [
157:Guy Barruol
125: [
99:. The name
2352:Categories
2310:Magetobria
2223:Tectosages
2146:Cornacates
2141:Britolagai
2093:Lactorates
2065:Votodrones
2040:Montunates
2020:Gennanates
1857:Savincates
1777:Cosuanetes
1727:Bodiontici
1717:Benacenses
1697:Ausuciates
1692:Aneuniates
1687:Ambisontes
1667:Adunicates
1657:Acitavones
1639:Vulgientes
1633:Tectosages
1590:Tricastini
1570:Segobrigii
1470:Allobroges
1460:Agesinates
1442:Viducasses
1357:Petrocorii
1292:Durocasses
1256:Eburovices
1252:Diablintes
1205:Abrincatui
1187:Viromandui
1167:Suessiones
1082:Caeracates
942:Roman Gaul
938:(58–50 BC)
443:Rivet 1988
323:Pliny 1938
310:References
220:Massaliote
174:Pliny 1938
89:deksiu(o)-
61:Dexivatium
2325:Vertillum
2300:Entremont
2246:Pre-Roman
2218:Aigosages
2176:Scordisci
2151:Costoboci
2131:Arabiates
2103:Tarusates
2088:Cocosates
2075:Aquitania
2050:Subinates
1990:Arusnates
1985:Anesiates
1967:Cisalpina
1957:Vindelici
1952:Vesubiani
1917:Vediantii
1907:Triulatti
1862:Sebaginni
1847:Rucinates
1842:Quariates
1837:Nemeturii
1827:Nantuates
1802:Graioceli
1787:Eguiturii
1772:Ceutrones
1767:Caturiges
1762:Catubrini
1757:Catenates
1747:Calucones
1742:Brixentes
1737:Brigianii
1732:Brigantii
1677:Ambidravi
1629:Arecomici
1585:Tolosates
1520:Dexivates
1412:Tricasses
1397:Segusiavi
1317:Lemovices
1312:Latobrigi
1210:Ambiliati
1102:Catalauni
1097:Catuslugi
1077:Bellovaci
1067:Atrebates
1032:Vergobret
1007:Cisalpine
816:0184-1068
745:190102357
380:Beck 2013
347:Dexivates
280:Lanovalus
108:Geography
101:Dexivates
85:Dexiuates
29:Dexiuates
21:Dexivates
2336:Part of:
2305:Gergovia
2295:Ensérune
2275:Bibracte
2265:Avaricum
2200:Varciani
2195:Taurisci
2184:Celegeri
2171:Latobici
2161:Eravisci
2098:Sotiates
2025:Insubres
2010:Cenomani
1995:Bagienni
1975:Anamares
1947:Vergunni
1937:Vennones
1932:Venostes
1927:Venisami
1922:Velaunii
1892:Suanetes
1887:Sogionti
1877:Segusini
1832:Nemaloni
1792:Gallitae
1722:Bergalei
1702:Avantici
1682:Ambilici
1662:Adanates
1620:Vocontii
1615:Verucini
1605:Tritolli
1600:Tricorii
1595:Tricores
1580:Suelteri
1510:Cenomani
1475:Anatilii
1427:Vellavii
1407:Tigurini
1362:Pictones
1337:Namnetes
1332:Mandubii
1327:Lingones
1307:Helvetii
1282:Carnutes
1248:Cenomani
1225:Andecavi
1112:Eburones
1107:Condrusi
1087:Caeroesi
1072:Atuatuci
1062:Aresaces
1022:Religion
1011:Galatian
1003:Language
968:Ambactus
926:(189 BC)
848:(2000).
826:(1988).
701:. CMCS.
678:(2003).
631:(1969).
598:(1938).
271:—
250:—
233:Bona Dea
226:Religion
171:—
145:Vocontii
137:Anatilii
82:ethnonym
47:and the
45:Iron Age
37:Vaucluse
2285:Cenabum
2210:Galatia
2180:Dindari
2126:Anartes
2108:Vasates
2055:Taurini
2030:Libicii
1942:Veragri
1912:Ucennii
1902:Tebavii
1897:Suetrii
1872:Segovii
1852:Salassi
1822:Medulli
1817:Licates
1812:Ingauni
1807:Iemerii
1797:Genauni
1782:Ecdinii
1712:Belouni
1550:Nearchi
1535:Ligauni
1530:Libicii
1490:Bormani
1485:Avatici
1480:Atacini
1432:Venelli
1417:Tulingi
1402:Sequani
1392:Senones
1387:Santoni
1372:Redones
1367:Rauraci
1352:Parisii
1347:Osismii
1322:Lexovii
1277:Cadurci
1240:Aulerci
1235:Arverni
1220:Ambarri
1197:Celtica
1177:Triboci
1172:Treveri
1152:Paemani
1142:Nemetes
1132:Menapii
1092:Caletes
1057:Ambiani
1049:Belgica
1041:Peoples
998:Oppidum
993:Nemeton
983:Eubages
961:Culture
906:History
641:3279201
345:, s.v.
214:Culture
193:Cadenet
141:Cavares
118:Luberon
114:Durance
97:Dexsiua
79:Gaulish
41:Cadenet
25:Gaulish
2315:Noreia
2290:Cularo
2280:Bibrax
2255:Alesia
2233:Trocmi
2156:Gotini
2045:Orobii
2035:Marici
1980:Anauni
1882:Sentii
1867:Seduni
1707:Belaci
1672:Alauni
1649:Alpina
1625:Volcae
1565:Salyes
1555:Oxybii
1545:Memini
1525:Helvii
1515:Comani
1505:Cavari
1465:Albici
1437:Veneti
1422:Turoni
1377:Ruteni
1302:Gabali
1297:Esuvii
1230:Arouii
1147:Nervii
1137:Morini
856:
834:
814:
781:
743:
705:
686:
666:
656:
639:
608:
149:Albici
133:Salyes
70:-) by
68:dexuia
33:Gallic
2363:Gauls
2339:Celts
2320:Tylis
2190:Serdi
1752:Carni
1382:Sagii
1215:Aedui
1127:Meldi
1117:Leuci
1027:Vātes
978:Druid
899:Gauls
741:S2CID
721:(PDF)
664:JSTOR
596:Pliny
296:ualos
288:Lavar
284:Laval
208:]
129:]
72:Pliny
2182:and
2136:Boii
2083:Boii
2000:Boii
1631:and
1560:Reii
1157:Remi
973:Bard
854:ISBN
832:ISBN
812:ISSN
779:ISBN
703:ISBN
684:ISBN
654:ISBN
637:OCLC
606:ISBN
331:3:34
292:lano
237:Mars
184:3.34
153:Reii
147:and
135:and
77:The
65:var.
55:Name
19:The
802:doi
762:doi
733:doi
286:(≈
95:or
2354::
1254:,
1250:,
1246:,
1009:,
810:.
796:.
758:36
756:.
739:.
729:43
727:.
723:.
662:.
522:^
481:^
450:^
387:^
366:^
329:,
325:.
206:fr
182:,
176:.
163:.
127:fr
51:.
27::
2186:)
2178:(
1635:)
1627:(
1258:)
1242:(
1013:)
1005:(
891:e
884:t
877:v
862:.
840:.
818:.
804::
787:.
768:.
764::
747:.
735::
711:.
692:.
670:.
643:.
614:.
349:.
333:.
186:.
63:(
23:(
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