113:
became hereditary under the
Muradid dynasty. By recruiting local troops and controlling tax revenue, the beys gradually became a new centre of political authority. While the Deys remained the official rulers, by the later seventeenth century they had little authority beyond the capital. The Beys were eventually able to determine the dîwân al-'askar’s choice of new Deys. After Murad I the Beys were born in Tunisia and came to be looked upon by the local population as an indigenous authority. The Deys made various attempts to bring them back under their control; the last of which, in 1702, saw Ibrâhîm ash-Sharîf, kill the last Muradid Bey and proclaim himself both Dey and Bey. However rather than restoring authority to the Deyship, this paved the way for the Husaynid dynasty to take power, leading to its final eclipse.
72:
Dey (maternal uncle) and chosen by the dîwân al-'askar (military council). This group became a self-perpetuating body over time, drawing in soldiers of fortune from Turkey as well as
European converts to Islam. After 1591 the Pasha retained nominal preeminence in recognition of the sovereignty of the Ottoman Sultan. Nevertheless the Deys lived and occupied offices in the kasbah. Like the
996:
104:, taken over from the Maliki authorities. From the reign of Yûsuf Dey, the Deys promoted religious and legal learning amongst the Turks, but most of the Hanafi scholars in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries had Maliki teachers, and the Hanafi muftîs needed the help of their Maliki colleagues in dealing with complex legal questions.
291:
With a reduced role, the deys of the
Husseinite period became senior officials appointed by the bey; they played a judicial role and served as head of the Tunis police. They also periodically presided over the court of the Driba which held its sessions in the entrance hall of the palace of the dey,
71:
The regime of the Deys emerged in 1591 after the rebellion of the janissaries against their senior officers and the
Ottoman Pasha. Political authority, vested since 1574 in a Pasha sent from Istanbul, was exercised after 1591 by an officer of the Turkish militia who was given the honorific title of
112:
The Deys also established the new office of Bey in Tunis. This official’s task was originally to assert the authority of the Deys in the interior, commanding a column of troops that toured the country levying the taxes and putting down rebellion. The position acquired greater authority after it
383:
Under the reign of Sadok Bey, the institution was abolished in
September 1860, on the death of old Kshuk Mohamed, and replaced by the council of Zaptié or Dhabtiyé, headed by a president (raïs), to perform police functions in Tunis. This post remained until the
235:
Mohamed Tabak Dey (1673-1682), created the first regiment of hamba (cavalry of the
Turkish militia); strangled on the road to Porto Farina by the Muradid Ali Bey for having compromised with his rival Mohamed
879:
Exploration scientifique de l'Algérie pendant les années 1840, 1841, 1842 publiée par ordre du gouvernement et avec le concours d'une commission académique: Description de la régence de Tunis
73:
232:
Ouzzoun Ahmed Dey (1673), remained in power for three days and subsequently died of strangulation for having participated in the intrigues around the succession of Murad II Bey;
100:
was recognised as the supreme judge, whose endorsement was required in the verdicts reached by Maliki qadis. The first call for prayer in Tunis was also made from the Hanafi
47:. In the seventeenth century the holders of the position exercised varying degrees of power, often near-absolute. Until 1591 the Dey was appointed by the Ottoman governor (“
258:
Mohamed Tatar Dey (1694), appointed by Ben Cheker and lynched by the population of Tunis during
Mohamed Bey's crushing victory against Ben Cheker and his allies near
270:
Mohamed Dali Dey (1699-1701), loyal to Murad III Bey, brutal like his master, commended Tunis while the Bey led a punitive expedition against
Constantine
296:
in the rue Sidi Ben Arous and hence were referred to as “daoulatli”. They were all recruited from the senior officers of the
Turkish militia in Tunis.
251:
Ibrahim Khodja Dey (1694), tried to resist the revolt of Ben Cheker, supported by the militia of
Algiers at war against the Muradids, but exiled in
1026:
935:
756:
527:
1041:
860:
407:
828:
1031:
1021:
603:
370:
Kshuk Mohamed (? - 1860), originally from Albania, he was a naval officer and ambassador before becoming the last dey of Tunis;
385:
239:
148:
1036:
1000:
701:
279:
1016:
273:
Mohamed Kahouaji (1701-1702), former coffee maker appointed by Murad III Bey but deposed by Ibrahim Cherif
76:, they had almost absolute power over the regency from 1593 to 1647, until the death of Ahmed Khodja Dey.
604:"Trade and Personal Wealth Accumulation in Tunis from the Seventeenth to the Early Nineteenth Centuries"
402:
101:
300:
397:
307:
during his seizure of power, then rebelled against his authority and was executed a few months later
954:
The Last Punic War: Tunis, Past and Present; with a Narrative of the French Conquest of the Regency
815:
371:
304:
219:
Mohamed Mantecholi (1672-1673), imposed by Murad II Bey but deposed by the militia in his absence
473:
465:
245:
Baqtach Khodja Dey (1686-1688), submitted to the Muradid Mohamed Bey and died quietly in his bed
556:
931:
856:
824:
752:
634:
523:
374:
granted him the title of ouzir al tanfidh, executive minister, in charge of the city of Tunis.
248:
Ali Raïs (1688-1694), former privateer who abdicated and retired to live a pleasant retirement
223:
201:
746:
517:
877:
568:
457:
59:
was pre-eminent in Tunis. The position of Dey continued to exist until it was abolished by
44:
32:
92:
school of jurisprudence, thereby affirming the Ottoman caliph's sovereignty. The Hanafi
503:
Présent des hommes de notre temps. Chroniques des rois de Tunis et du pacte fondamental
147:(1593-1610), reigned during a period of calm and prosperity, during which he welcomed
1010:
477:
293:
207:
175:
52:
303:(1705-1706), known as Mohamed the Blond, former secretary of the diwan, supported
952:
902:
676:
222:
Ali Laz Dey (1673), elected by the militia to counter Murad II Bey but exiled to
181:
851:
Guellouz, Azzedine; Saadaoui, Ahmed; Smida, Mongi; Masmoudi, Abdelkader (2007).
310:
Kara Mustapha Dey (1706-1726) appointed by Hussein Bey, imam of the Bardo mosque
40:
461:
229:
Hadj Mami Jemal Dey (1673-1677), abdicated under pressure from the janissaries
195:
191:
171:
144:
572:
188:
165:
131:
60:
17:
995:
930:. Vol. III Les temps modernes. Tunis: Sud Éditions. pp. 48, 69.
519:
La communication entre Tunis et Istanbul, 1860-1913: province et métropole
978:
Catégories de la société tunisoise dans la deuxième moitié du XIXe siècle
259:
97:
216:
Chaabane Khodja (1669-1672), removed for conspiracy against Murad II Bey
421:
Les Mausolées des Deys et des Beys de Tunis: Architecture et épigraphie
469:
445:
252:
135:
89:
85:
282:(1702-1705), elected dey after being recognized as bey by the diwan.
200:
Hadj Mustapha Laz Dey (1653-1665), married the adopted daughter of
423: Tunisia: Centre de Publication Universitaire, 2003
48:
748:
Tunis au XVIIe siècle: une cité barbaresque au temps de la course
505:. Vol. 5. Tunis: Maison tunisienne de l'édition. p. 47.
926:
Mahjoubi, Ammar; Belkhodja, Khaled; Ennabli, Abdelmajid (2007).
93:
152:
56:
904:
La Tunisie précoloniale: État, gouvernement, administration
276:
Kara Mustapha Dey (1702), quickly deposed by Ibrahim Cherif
242:(1682-1686), dey loyal to Istanbul, opposed by the Muradids
226:
after the latter's return and the repression of the revolt
55:
and were defeated. After this the hereditary position of
51:”). In 1673 the Dey and the janissaries revolted against
174:(1637-1640), Italian renegade and privateer who founded
141:
Moussa Dey, in office only a few months in office, 1593
213:
Mohammed Hadj Oghli (1666-1669), deposed for senility;
817:
The Regency of Tunis and the Ottoman Porte 1777-1814
264:
Yaacoub Dey (1695), retired because of his great age
121:
A complete list of the Deys of Tunis is as follows:
210:for having wanted to restore the power of the deys
980:. Tunis: Institut national d'archéologie et d'art.
855:. Vol. III. Tunis: Sud Éditions. p. 52.
561:Revue des mondes musulmans et de la Méditerranée
337:Hadj Hassan Ben Sidi Brahim El Bahli (1761-1771)
557:"The Tunisian state in the eighteenth century"
446:"The Beylicate in Seventeenth-Century Tunisia"
178:, one of the main corsair ports of the regency
907:. Société tunisienne de diffusion. p. 86
731:. Beirut: Dar al-Gharb al-Islami. p. 50.
8:
740:
738:
450:International Journal of Middle East Studies
439:
437:
187:Hadj Mohamed Laz Dey (1647-1653), from the
809:
807:
805:
803:
801:
799:
797:
795:
206:Mustapha Kara Kuz (1665-1666), deposed by
823:. London and New York: Routledge Curzon.
793:
791:
789:
787:
785:
783:
781:
779:
777:
775:
670:
668:
666:
664:
662:
660:
658:
656:
654:
608:Revue d'histoire moderne et contemporaine
550:
548:
546:
255:by Ben Cheker when he entered the capital
125:Deys of the period of Ottoman direct rule
340:Mustapha Zaghwani Bulukbachi (1771-1782)
84:The Deys preserved the supremacy of the
702:"La Tunisie carrefour de civilisations"
597:
595:
593:
591:
589:
433:
267:Mohamed Khodja Dey (1695-1699), deposed
957:. W. Blackwood and sons. pp. 53–8
727:Zmerli, Sadok; Sahili, Hamadi (1993).
633:France. Ministre de la Guerre (1886).
496:
494:
364:Mustapha Dey El Tarabulsi (1832-1842)
7:
976:Ben Achour, Mohamed El Aziz (1989).
678:Histoire de l'Afrique Septentrionale
138:), elected in 1591, resigned in 1593
39:) was the military commander of the
951:Alexander Meyrick Broadley (1882).
36:
408:List of Pashas and Deys of Algiers
25:
882:. Imprimerie impériale. p. 9
994:
928:Histoire générale de la Tunisie
853:Histoire générale de la Tunisie
636:Journal des sciences militaires
516:Andreas Tunger-Zanetti (1996).
1:
331:Mohamed Qazdaghli (1755-1758)
108:Loss of authority to the beys
1027:17th-century Tunisian people
352:Ahmed El Bawandi (1808-1821)
346:Ibrahim Bouchnaq (1785-1805)
334:Hassan El Murali (1758-1761)
316:Hadj Mahmoud Dey (1739-1744)
287:Deys of the Husseinid period
1042:Military history of Tunisia
1058:
367:Bach Hamba Ahmed (1842 -?)
325:Abdallah Bulukbachi (1752)
301:fr:Mohamed Khodja El Asfar
160:Deys of the Muradid period
555:Abun-Nasr, Jamil (1982).
522:. Harmattan. p. 45.
462:10.1017/S0020743800024338
444:Abun-Nasr, Jamil (1975).
358:Baba Omar Dey (1823-1832)
328:Ali Mallamali (1752-1755)
901:Mustapha Kraïem (1973).
675:Mercier, Ernest (1891).
602:Boubaker, Sadok (2003).
313:Hadj Ali Dey (1726-1739)
151:and created the post of
1032:18th century in Tunisia
1022:16th century in Tunisia
573:10.3406/remmm.1982.1939
876:E. Pellissier (1853).
681:. Paris: Ernest Leroux
501:Ibn Abi Dhiaf (1990).
419:Saadaoui, Ahmed:
349:Kara Burni (1805-1808)
343:Hassan Dey (1781-1785)
322:Haydar Dey (1748-1752)
814:Moalla, Asma (2004).
403:List of beys of Tunis
117:List of Deys of Tunis
1003:at Wikimedia Commons
398:Revolutions of Tunis
355:Fidi Dey (1821-1823)
319:Omar Dey (1744-1748)
745:Paul Sebag (1989).
729:Figures tunisiennes
708:. EditoWeb Magazine
386:French protectorate
149:Andalusian refugees
80:Religious practices
130:Ibrahim Roudesli (
999:Media related to
937:978-9973-844-76-7
758:978-2-7384-0449-7
700:Delhaye, Sylvie.
529:978-2-7384-4475-2
361:Hassan Dey (1832)
202:Hammuda Pasha Bey
194:, founder of the
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456:(1): 70–93.
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290:
208:Murad II Bey
176:Porto Farina
120:
111:
83:
70:
53:Murad II Bey
29:Dey of Tunis
28:
26:
18:Dey of Tunis
706:editoweb.eu
305:Hussein Bey
184:(1640-1647)
168:(1610-1637)
41:janissaries
1011:Categories
428:References
196:Laz Mosque
192:Laz people
172:Usta Murad
145:Uthman Dey
132:janissary
96:sent from
67:Revolution
567:: 33–66.
478:163964598
379:Abolition
372:Ahmed Bey
189:Black Sea
166:Yusuf Dey
63:in 1860.
61:Sadok Bey
961:18 April
911:13 April
886:13 April
836:12 April
764:19 April
712:11 April
685:19 April
643:18 April
618:11 April
578:18 April
535:19 April
483:19 April
392:See also
260:Kairouan
224:Hammamet
98:Istanbul
37:داي تونس
43:in the
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470:162735
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253:Sousse
136:Rhodes
90:Maliki
86:Hanafi
33:Arabic
821:(PDF)
474:S2CID
466:JSTOR
134:from
49:Pasha
963:2021
932:ISBN
913:2021
888:2021
857:ISBN
838:2021
825:ISBN
766:2021
753:ISBN
714:2021
687:2021
645:2021
620:2021
580:2021
537:2021
524:ISBN
485:2021
292:the
94:qadi
27:The
614:(4)
569:doi
458:doi
236:Bey
153:bey
57:Bey
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