436:. A large pool, big enough for several canoes, was constructed on the Palace grounds, with inner linings of polished oval-shaped stones from the seashores. This allowed for the entire pool to be filled with alcohol. A small island was constructed in the middle of the pool, where trees were planted, which had branches made of roasted meat skewers hanging over the pool. This allowed Zhou and his friends and concubines to drift on canoes in the pool. When they thirsted, they reached down into the pool with their hands and drank the wine. When they hungered, they reached up with their hands to eat the roasted meat. This was considered one of the most famous examples of decadence and corruption of a ruler in Chinese history.
55:
717:, such as jobs responsible for managing rituals, advising military affairs, managing court and guests, and they were highly respected by the Shang state, which was observed by numerous scholars like Chen Xi, Zhang Maorong, Wang Qiwei, Wang Hui, Wang Ruiying, Du Fangqin, He Min, Geng Chao, Xie Naihe. According to scholarly analysis, the overall status of women in the Shang dynasty was significantly higher than that of the following Zhou dynasty. During Zhou, women were increasingly excluded from military and political matters while the state emphasized domestic roles for them like
711:. There were barely any instances of human and animal sacrifices towards the end of the Shang dynasty when Di Xin reigns. After the Shang dynasty, the Zhou dynasty stopped simplifying the ritual procedures and instead increased the frequency of human sacrifices, a custom that continued to persist for several hundred years in the succeeding Zhou dynasty and its vassal states. The simplified rituals of Di Xin and the late Shang dynasty can be considered a progressive cultural change, while in the perspective of the later Zhou dynasty, it was disrespectful to the ancestors.
552:'s temple and offended the Goddess with his lustful comments towards her beauty. In response, Nüwa decided that the Shang dynasty should end and sent her three subordinates to become three beautiful women (including Daji) to bewitch Zhou. Under the influence of these women, Zhou becomes a ruthless king, losing the support of people and triggering his downfall. Until now, nobody knows most of his lifestyle from the reduced amount of artifacts found regarding to him.
765:
and "Punishment of burning flesh with a hot iron (炮格之刑)". Following the Han dynasty and onward, rulers continued to propagate the image of King Zhou of Shang as a negative figure. Over centuries of accumulated vilification, Di Xin (King Zhou) gradually became characterized as the epitome of a tyrant.
642:
at Deer
Terrace Pavilion, used as evidence for historians of later dynasties to condemn the decadence and corruption of Di Xin. However, modern archaeological evidence at Deer Terrace Pavilion found a pool at the base of the structure purely for water storage and sanitation. The narrative of "Pool of
368:
wrote that Di Xin, in the early part of his reign, had abilities which surpassed those of the ordinary man, and was quick-witted and quick-tempered. According to legend, he was intelligent enough to win all of his arguments, and he was strong enough to hunt wild beasts with his bare hands. He was the
803:
that he follows. He blindly discards the sacrifices he should present and fails to respond . He blindly discards his paternal and maternal uncles who are still alive and fails to employ them. Thus, indeed, the vagabonds of the four quarters, loaded with crimes—these he honors, these he exalts, these
732:
Appointing fugitives to government positions was another justification for Zhou to overthrow Shang. This was intentionally done by Di Xin, who used this method to suppress the clans who held too much power in court. Di Xin believed in meritocracy and employed fugitives from other countries. Drinking
618:) were recorded as tyrants in most historical records by historians of later dynasties. However, some ancient historians and modern historians have cast doubts on this narrative due to archeological evidence contradicting historical records or inconsistencies found between older and later records.
742:
is a subject of considerable debate. Some scholars, like Chao Fulin, argue that the Shang dynasty did not possess the later concept of the 'Mandate of Heaven', which dictates the rise and fall of dynasties. In the 'Book of Shang,' the term 'Mandate of Heaven' actually refers to 'the command of the
413:
A significant amount of information regarding Di Xin's life had been falsified by following dynasties. Thus, many modern-day historians believe that he was, in fact, reasonable and intelligent, without several of the cruelties attributed to him. The following are accounts of him written in records
758:
traveled around China to present their political ideologies. In their allegorical stories, Di Xin, the deceased ruler of the fallen former dynasty, was portrayed as a negative exemplar to propagate the notion of 'evil deserves retribution.' Compared to the original documents from the
Western Zhou
670:
With the continuous research on the Shang and Zhou dynasties, backed by the excavation of oracle bones, bronzeware, and other archaeological materials, the modern academic community increasingly questioned the tyrannical portrayal of Di Xin. The depiction of Di Xin during the
Western Zhou period,
503:) actually appeared after the death of King Zhou, a posthumous name. This name was meant to convey a negative value judgement, and his reign accumulated stories of increasingly egregious corruption. Centuries after his death, he had acquired the reputation of almost a paradigmatic wicked ruler.
445:, in order to please Daji, he created the "Punishment of burning flesh with a hot iron (炮格之刑)". One large hollow bronze cylinder was stuffed with burning charcoal and allowed to burn until red-hot; then prisoners were made to hug the cylinder, which resulted in a painful and unsightly death.
691:
period recorded that the primary reason for the downfall of the Shang dynasty was the Di Xin's excessive drinking. The descriptions in later dynasties become more bloodthirsty and brutal, with increased details, even though the events took place in the distant past.
677:, lists only six accusations against Di Xin, including listening to women, appointing fugitives to government/military positions, not performing proper rituals, excessive drinking, and believing in his destiny being in the heavens (
425:, where many people engaged in immoral things at the same time with his concubines and created songs with crude (erotic) lyrics and poor rhythm. In legends, he is depicted as having come under the influence of his wicked wife
487:
in 1046 BC, Di Xin gathered all his treasures around himself in the Palace, and then set fire to his palace and committed suicide. After his death, Di Xin's head was cut off and displayed on a white-flag pole by
582:
recognized that King Zhou was a well-versed and well-trained individual who became an incapable ruler only because of having fallen victim to seduction. After his death, Jiang Ziya deified King Zhou as the
2187:
541:), as well as becoming an icon of popular culture. This makes for a biographically interesting figure, but one challenging a clear distinction between history, legend, and philosophical point-making.
417:
In his later years, Di Xin gave himself over to drinking, women, and abandoned morals, preferring these to the proper governance of the country, and ignored almost all affairs of state. According to
54:
492:. Of Di Xin's favorite consorts, Da Ji was executed and two more committed suicide, and their heads, likewise, were displayed on either small white flag poles or red flag poles.
1021:
2218:
804:
he trusts, these he enlists, these he takes as high officials and dignitaries, to let them oppress and tyrannize the people and bring villainy and treachery upon the
2151:
1422:
699:
made of metal and wood became more common while sacrificial goods for rituals were reduced, signifying a trend toward simpler burials. Prior to Di Xin's rule, King
448:
Zhou and Daji were known to get highly aroused after watching such torture. Victims ranged from ordinary people and prisoners to high government officials, such as
455:
In order to fund Zhou's heavy daily expenses, heavy taxes were implemented. The people suffered greatly, and lost all hope for the Shang dynasty. Zhou's brother
2769:
2721:
2183:
2974:
2969:
2904:
622:
2092:
The term here refers to the period in the historiographical sense, starting from Pan Geng who is traditionally said to have moved the Shang capital to
2979:
2868:
2785:
1826:
725:. The appointment of women in power during the Shang dynasty indicated a more progressive and gender-equal culture, while the Zhou state, following
463:
similarly remonstrated with him, but Di Xin had his heart ripped out so he could see what the heart of a sage looked like. When his other uncle
1175:
1159:
2167:
2211:
1191:
934:
2949:
2289:
2139:
2135:
2127:
2939:
2414:
843:
714:
2399:
2359:
2017:
1919:
703:
of the Shang dynasty simplified and formulated the imperial rituals, increasing the use of grain and dance during rituals in place of
2449:
2269:
1652:
901:
2354:
2204:
2131:
2123:
1734:
563:, with Queen Jiang. The character of Queen Jiang in the novel was based on the real historical figure and consort of King Zhou,
290:, the part of a saddle or harness that is most likely to be soiled by the horse. It is not to be confused with the name of the
587:(天喜星 "Star of Heavenly Happiness"). As the Tianxi Xing, he had the responsibility of managing the marriage affairs of humans.
2812:
2304:
1708:
1679:
1072:
750:
historians noted the further into later periods, the more detailed and numerous the accusations of Di Xin became. During the
441:
360:
215:
1225:
667:
also considered the allegations against Di Xin to be largely unreliable and exaggerated after reviewing various documents.
2163:
1093:(2008). "To Rebel is Justified? The Image of Zhouxin and the Legitimacy of Rebellion in the Chinese Political Tradition".
1432:
533:) and its various derivations in popular media. Thus, Di Xin, also known as Zhou, has served as a (negative) exemplar of
2964:
2916:
1819:
1452:《禮記》曲禮下：「天子有后，有夫人，有世婦，有嬪，有妾。天子建天官，先六大，曰：大宰，大宗，大史，大祝，大士，大卜，典司六典。」鄭玄注：「此蓋殷時制也。」孔穎達疏：「此一節總論立男官女官之事。……記者之言，不可一依周禮，或可雜夏殷而言之。」
2640:
823:
Origins of
Chinese Political Philosophy: Studies in the Composition and Thought of the Shangshu (Classic of Documents)
2100:
can also refer to the historical polity as the earliest known literate civilization in China, starting from Wu Ding.
1249:王充《论衡·语增》: 令池在深室之中，则三千人宜临池坐，前俛饮池酒，仰食肴膳，倡乐在前，乃为乐耳。如审临池而坐，则前饮害于肴膳，倡乐之作不得在前。夫饮食既不以礼，临池牛饮，则其啖肴不复用杯，亦宜就鱼肉而虎食。则知夫酒池牛饮非其实也。
2944:
2495:
1729:
755:
31:
2984:
2761:
2675:
1781:
747:
726:
625:
and other studies have pointed out inconsistencies. Bi Gan's death due to remonstration is only recorded in the
2299:
2115:
751:
626:
818:
2530:
1022:"The Record of King Wu of Zhou's Royal Deeds in the Yi Zhou Shu in Light of Near Eastern Royal Inscriptions,"
2954:
2753:
2389:
2232:
2107:
1812:
556:
520:
2852:
2737:
2558:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2159:
2155:
2147:
2111:
671:
though negative, did not contain substantive brutality. The earliest record written in the Zhou dynasty,
414:
published in the millennium following his death, during which many misconceptions surrounding him arose.
2959:
2143:
2119:
2103:
795:惟婦言是用。昏棄厥肆祀弗答，昏棄厥遺王父母弟不迪。乃惟四方之多罪逋逃，是崇是長，是信是使，是以為大夫卿士，俾暴虐于百姓，以奸宄于商邑。」Kern (2017)'s translation: "Now for
761:
658:
638:
630:
433:
2548:
1696:
1667:
374:
2624:
2593:
2588:
2573:
2384:
2619:
2563:
2860:
2609:
1067:
733:
was part of the Shang culture; thus, Di Xin's drinking problem wasn't uncommon during that period.
1195:
876:
629:, while the account of his heart being removed by Di Xin appeared much later in the fables of the
2836:
2793:
2439:
2196:
1857:
1102:
512:
467:
heard this, he went to remonstrate with the kingly nephew and, feigning madness, was imprisoned.
2543:
2553:
2844:
2334:
2259:
2007:
1844:
1648:
930:
897:
783:
738:
688:
679:
673:
538:
401:. Di Xin added to the territory of Shang by battling the tribes surrounding it, including the
210:
137:
73:
926:
2685:
2510:
2429:
2045:
2035:
958:
848:
743:
ancestors' (the spiritual power of the ancestors in heaven to bless or abandon one's life).
708:
560:
893:
621:
In the most common narrative, Di Xin killed his uncle Bi Gan by ripping his heart out. The
2690:
2655:
2614:
2515:
2379:
1791:
704:
489:
335:
320:
308:
233:
176:
633:, indicating the extra details were likely added to reinforce Di Xin's tyrannical image.
1462:
918:
2820:
2745:
2680:
2583:
2578:
2284:
2065:
846:" [Winter's Middle Month Almanac | On being appropriate to the circumstances].
600:
537:
principles (presented as the wicked ruler who justifies regime change according to the
525:
484:
158:
657:, suggested the accounts of "wine pools and meat forests" were unreliable. During the
599:
site was constructed for King Zhou, but he was not buried there due to his suicide in
311:
on what could befall a kingdom if its ruler gave into corruption and moral depravity.
2933:
2887:
2700:
2695:
2660:
2568:
2538:
2444:
2419:
2294:
1927:
1902:
1836:
1758:
607:
456:
370:
265:
76:
323:
given by the Shang dynasty imperial house. Di Xin was born with the family name Zi,
2409:
2394:
2319:
1852:
1795:
663:
559:, while Daji served as an imperial concubine. King Zhou had two sons, Yin Hong and
534:
476:
382:
378:
343:
324:
291:
1145:
759:
period, they ascribed numerous new accusations to King Zhou, such as the story of
564:
130:
2910:
2777:
2729:
2645:
2500:
2309:
2279:
2274:
2227:
2070:
1229:
1077:
1003:
839:
696:
644:
615:
327:
338:
when he was alive. After his death, he was given a derogatory posthumous name,
2828:
2505:
2475:
2434:
2329:
2324:
2097:
1977:
1967:
1090:
684:
648:
611:
579:
480:
168:
1804:
1008:
2454:
2374:
2349:
2339:
2314:
2264:
2060:
1867:
1724:
1688:
1659:
1056:
422:
418:
365:
163:
1042:
788:
2520:
2424:
2364:
2344:
2030:
2025:
2002:
1952:
1947:
1862:
1692:
1663:
1106:
2670:
2480:
2254:
2055:
2040:
1997:
1972:
1962:
1942:
1937:
1932:
986:
722:
653:
571:, Jiuhou, and was presented to King Zhou through a political alliance.
568:
549:
500:
386:
347:
287:
142:
1120:
283:
17:
2650:
2490:
2369:
2050:
1992:
1987:
1957:
805:
700:
460:
449:
402:
398:
223:
1594:王奇伟. 从"人惟求旧"到"殷不用旧"——对商代王权与族权关系的考察. 徐州师范大学学报：哲学社会科学版, 2001, 27(4):4.
432:
One of the most famous forms of entertainment Zhou enjoyed was the
2665:
2404:
2093:
2075:
1982:
1774:
949:
Wu, 220–221, referencing Sima Qian's Yin Benji chapter (史记 · 辛本纪).
800:
596:
394:
390:
197:
94:
1276:江雨德《国之大事：商代晚期中的礼制改良》，唐际根主编《殷墟与商文化(殷墟科学发掘80周年纪念文集)》，科学出版社，2011年11月
2470:
1465:·天官·冢宰》：「世婦：掌祭祀、賓客、喪紀之事，帥女宮而濯摡，為粢盛。及祭之日，蒞陳女宮之具，凡內羞之物。掌吊臨于卿大夫之喪。」
1427:
718:
464:
426:
126:
2200:
1808:
429:, and committing all manner of evil and cruel deeds with her.
30:"Shang Zhou" redirects here. For geographical locations, see
459:
tried to persuade him to change, but was rebuked. His uncle
715:
Women held many official positions during the Shang dynasty
829:. Eds Ker, Martin & Dirk, Meyer. p. 298 of pp. 281-319
1630:马卫东. 《容成氏》"文王服九邦"考辨——兼论《容成氏》的主体思想及其学派归属. 史学集刊, 2012(1):8.
1121:"The Analects : Zi Zhang - Chinese Text Project"
294:, which has a different character and pronunciation (
1403:孙庆伟. 祭祀还是盟誓:北赵和羊舌晋侯墓地祭祀坑性质新论. 中国国家博物馆馆刊, 2012(5):15.
819:"Chapter 8: The "Harangues" (Shi 誓) in the Shangshu"
2897:
2879:
2804:
2713:
2633:
2602:
2529:
2463:
2247:
2240:
2016:
1918:
1843:
193:
175:
152:
136:
121:
113:
105:
101:
90:
82:
72:
39:
567:. Jiuhou Nü was the daughter of the leader of the
1585:吉家友. 国人与野人界限的消失. 信阳师范学院学报：哲学社会科学版, 2015, 35(5):5.
1576:常金仓. "夷夏之辨"与"以德怀远"说. 陕西师范大学学报：哲学社会科学版, 1997(1):6.
1483:陈曦. 从甲骨文,铜器铭文看商周时期女性的地位. 中国文化研究, 2007(2):150-154.
827:Studies in the History of Chinese Texts, Volume 8
1358:曾宝栋, 杨杨. 浅谈商周时期墓葬中腰坑的功能和意义. 殷都学刊, 2017, 38(3):6.
1146:"Three Character Classic - Chinese Text Project"
307:In later times, the story of King Zhou became a
1540:杜芳琴. 商周性别制度与贵族妇女地位之比较. 山西师大学报：社会科学版, 1998(4):7.
1492:张懋镕. 商周之际女性地位的变迁——商周文化比较研究之二. 西部考古, 2007(1):21.
695:In excavation sites of the late Shang dynasty,
1349:王志友. 商周时期的腰坑葬俗. 华中科技大学学报：社会科学版, 2006, 20(6):6.
595:Archaeologists believed that Tomb 1567 at the
2212:
1820:
1412:邹芙都, 余霞. 西周黎国政治军事地位及姻亲关系初探. 史学集刊, 2017(3):10.
1309:
1307:
1305:
43:
8:
1385:胡剑. 从《左传》看春秋人殉制度的演变. 昭通学院学报, 2018, 40(4):4.
1295:
1293:
1291:
523:. Zhou is also one of the main subjects of
2244:
2219:
2205:
2197:
1827:
1813:
1805:
1749:
1501:王奇伟. 从"牝鸡之晨"现象看商代妇女的社会地位. 殷都学刊, 2000(3):5.
53:
36:
2869:Creation of the Gods I: Kingdom of Storms
1509:
1507:
555:In the novel, King Zhou has a wife named
330:, and the given name Shou. He was called
27:King of the ancient Chinese Shang dynasty
1725:"Zhou | ruler of the Shang dynasty"
1567:谢乃和. 试论商周时期贵族妇女地位的两次转型. 北方论丛, 2008(1):5.
1522:王瑞英. 从甲骨文金文看商周妇女地位的变化及原因. 求索, 2008(6):3.
1267:徐明波, 彭裕商. 殷墟黄组卜辞断代研究. 中国史研究, 2007(2):13.
1215:《楚辞·天问》：“比干何逆，而抑沉之。”，《楚辞》，中华书局出版社，2019年.
1025:Journal of the American Oriental Society
643:Wine" was questioned as early as in the
1612:晁福林《先秦社会最高权力的变迁及其影响因素》,《中国社会科学》2015年第2期
1474:《禮記》曲禮下：「國君不名卿老、世婦，大夫不名世臣、姪娣，士不名家相、長妾。」
775:
1313:李娜. 帝辛行为再审视. 沧州师范学院学报, 2015(03):62-66.
1285:郜向平. 商墓中的毁器习俗与明器化现象. 考古与文物, 2010(1):8.
209:
149:
59:King Zhou of Shang illustrated in the
1340:张诒三. 《论语》"先进于礼乐"章索解. 齐鲁学刊, 2019(4):9.
350:", implicating "injustice and harm".
7:
483:, defeated the Shang dynasty at the
268:of ancient China. He is also called
1376:曹斌. 恭懿之际西周国家的转型. 中国人民大学学报, 2017(3).
1367:刘源. 周承殷制的新证据及其启示. 历史研究, 2016(2):16.
2975:Investiture of the Gods characters
2970:Heads of state who died by suicide
25:
1558:耿超. 性别视角下的商周婚姻,家族与政治. 南开大学, 2010.
623:Xia–Shang–Zhou Chronology Project
507:Mentions in literature and legend
2980:11th-century BC Chinese monarchs
1331:黄展岳《中国古代的人牲人殉新资料概述》，《考古》1996年12期
2603:Four Chief Disciples of Jiejiao
1621:晁福林《说商代的“天”和“帝”》,《史学集刊》2016年第3期
1394:翟胜利. 西周金文与献俘礼. 文物春秋, 2010(6):4.
346:, with Zhou (紂) meaning "horse
2813:Nezha Conquers the Dragon King
2305:Foursome of Nine Dragon Island
1709:Records of the Grand Historian
1680:Records of the Grand Historian
1647:. New York: Crown Publishers.
1078:Da Ji (consort) of Zhou of Yin
1073:Biographies of Exemplary Women
973:Records of the Grand Historian
661:, scholar Luo Mi wrote in the
606:Following the downfall of the
591:Archaeology and historiography
442:Records of the Grand Historian
434:"Alcohol Pool and Meat Forest"
361:Records of the Grand Historian
300:
295:
282:). In Chinese, his name Zhòu (
278:
273:
260:
255:
246:
241:
228:
219:
44:
1:
2152:5 Dynasties & 10 Kingdoms
1735:Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
1549:何敏. 商周贵族妇女地位变迁初探. 四川大学, 2003.
1322:黄展岳《中国古代的人牲人殉问题》，《考古》1987年02期
1101:. Harrassowitz Verlag: 1–24.
789:"Book of Zhou - Speech at Mu"
754:, intellectuals from various
636:Di Xin is also known for his
64:
1423:"晋国： 综述——山西倗伯霸伯墓与河南淅川楚墓新解系列"
799:, it is indeed the words of
762:Alcohol Pool and Meat Forest
639:Alcohol Pool and Meat Forest
2950:Suicides by self-immolation
2770:The Investiture of the Gods
2722:The Investiture of the Gods
2641:Dragon King of the East Sea
1603:晁福林《论殷代神权》，《中国社会科学》1990年第1期
1180:(in Chinese). 偉興印務所印. 1960.
548:, Zhou visited the Goddess
3001:
2940:Kings of the Shang dynasty
32:Shangzhou (disambiguation)
29:
2762:The Legend and the Hero 2
2676:Old Man of the South Pole
2089:
1909:
1788:
1779:
1771:
1766:
1752:
1299:许莉莉. 清华简所见商末周初史事初探. 烟台大学.
1258:（南宋）罗泌《路史》，北京图书馆出版社，2003年
1164:(in Chinese). 齐鲁书社. 1986.
748:Doubting Antiquity School
729:, was more conservative.
511:Zhou is mentioned in the
421:, he even hosted festive
286:) also refers to a horse
182:
171:: Shòu (受) or Shòudé (受德)
157:
148:
52:
2300:Five Colored-Face Devils
1703:
1674:
752:Spring and Autumn period
627:Spring and Autumn period
342:(商紂王) by the succeeding
264:), the last king of the
86:1075–1046 BCE (29 years)
2786:Investiture of the Gods
2754:The Legend and the Hero
2531:Twelve Golden Immortals
2233:Investiture of the Gods
1730:Encyclopædia Britannica
1020:Yegor Grebnev, (2018).
797:Shou, the king of Shang
531:Investiture of the Gods
521:Three Character Classic
519:"子張"); and also in the
2853:New Gods: Nezha Reborn
2559:Wenshu Guangfa Tianzun
1712:]. Zhonghua Shuju.
1683:]. Zhonghua Shuju.
1076:"Depraved Favorites -
614:(the last king of the
377:(子衍) (later rulers of
166:: Yīn (殷) or Shāng (商)
1127:(in Chinese (Taiwan))
746:Gu Xiagang and other
659:Southern Song dynasty
631:Warring States period
232:) was the pejorative
2738:The Legend of Ne Zha
2594:Qingxu Daode Zhenjun
2385:Qiongxiao Niangniang
1645:The Chinese Heritage
817:Kern, Martin (2017)
61:Ehon Sangoku Yōfuden
40:King Di Xin of Shang
2965:Deified Chinese men
2861:New Gods: Yang Jian
1754:King Zhou of Shang
736:The concept of the
369:younger brother of
332:Shou, King of Shang
252:Shou, King of Shang
2486:King Zhou of Shang
2440:Yunxiao Niangniang
1786:1075 BC – 1046 BC
1643:Wu, K. C. (1982).
1192:"规模宏大的安阳殷墟商代王陵(图)"
985:See, for example,
917:复旦大学出土文献与古文字研究中心编；
756:schools of thought
513:Confucian Analects
393:had two brothers,
340:King Zhou of Shang
292:succeeding dynasty
2945:Suicides in China
2927:
2926:
2778:Hakyu Hoshin Engi
2709:
2708:
2549:Huanglong Zhenren
2335:Jiutou Zhiji Jing
2260:Bixiao Niangniang
2194:
2193:
1845:Predynastic Shang
1803:
1802:
1789:Succeeded by
936:978-7-5325-8775-9
784:Book of Documents
739:Mandate of Heaven
727:Confucian rituals
689:King Kang of Zhou
680:Mandate of Heaven
674:Book of Documents
574:According to the
539:Mandate of Heaven
439:According to the
203:
202:
189:
188:
16:(Redirected from
2992:
2985:Ancient suicides
2686:Tongtian Jiaozhu
2511:King Wen of Zhou
2245:
2221:
2214:
2207:
2198:
2101:
1913:
1829:
1822:
1815:
1806:
1772:Preceded by
1750:
1746:
1744:
1742:
1713:
1684:
1631:
1628:
1622:
1619:
1613:
1610:
1604:
1601:
1595:
1592:
1586:
1583:
1577:
1574:
1568:
1565:
1559:
1556:
1550:
1547:
1541:
1538:
1532:
1529:
1523:
1520:
1514:
1511:
1502:
1499:
1493:
1490:
1484:
1481:
1475:
1472:
1466:
1459:
1453:
1450:
1444:
1443:
1441:
1440:
1431:. Archived from
1419:
1413:
1410:
1404:
1401:
1395:
1392:
1386:
1383:
1377:
1374:
1368:
1365:
1359:
1356:
1350:
1347:
1341:
1338:
1332:
1329:
1323:
1320:
1314:
1311:
1300:
1297:
1286:
1283:
1277:
1274:
1268:
1265:
1259:
1256:
1250:
1247:
1241:
1240:
1238:
1237:
1228:. Archived from
1226:"湖南衛視-商纣王的历史真面目"
1222:
1216:
1213:
1207:
1206:
1204:
1203:
1194:. Archived from
1188:
1182:
1181:
1172:
1166:
1165:
1156:
1150:
1149:
1142:
1136:
1135:
1133:
1132:
1117:
1111:
1110:
1087:
1081:
1065:
1059:
1057:"Annals of Zhou"
1051:
1045:
1037:
1031:
1018:
1012:
1000:
994:
983:
977:
976:
968:
962:
956:
950:
947:
941:
940:
914:
908:
907:
885:
879:
874:
868:
865:
859:
858:
856:
836:
830:
815:
809:
780:
709:animal sacrifice
479:'s army, led by
385:) and father of
381:'s vassal state
302:
297:
280:
275:
262:
257:
248:
243:
230:
221:
213:
150:
66:
57:
48:
47:
46:
37:
21:
3000:
2999:
2995:
2994:
2993:
2991:
2990:
2989:
2930:
2929:
2928:
2923:
2893:
2875:
2800:
2705:
2691:Yuanshi Tianzun
2629:
2625:Guiling Shengmu
2615:Jinling Shengmu
2598:
2589:Daoxing Tianzun
2574:Lingbao Dafashi
2525:
2516:King Wu of Zhou
2459:
2380:Princess Longji
2236:
2225:
2195:
2190:
2102:
2091:
2085:
2012:
1914:
1911:
1907:
1839:
1833:
1799:
1785:
1777:
1762:
1755:
1740:
1738:
1723:
1720:
1718:Further reading
1705:
1687:
1676:
1658:
1640:
1635:
1634:
1629:
1625:
1620:
1616:
1611:
1607:
1602:
1598:
1593:
1589:
1584:
1580:
1575:
1571:
1566:
1562:
1557:
1553:
1548:
1544:
1539:
1535:
1530:
1526:
1521:
1517:
1512:
1505:
1500:
1496:
1491:
1487:
1482:
1478:
1473:
1469:
1460:
1456:
1451:
1447:
1438:
1436:
1421:
1420:
1416:
1411:
1407:
1402:
1398:
1393:
1389:
1384:
1380:
1375:
1371:
1366:
1362:
1357:
1353:
1348:
1344:
1339:
1335:
1330:
1326:
1321:
1317:
1312:
1303:
1298:
1289:
1284:
1280:
1275:
1271:
1266:
1262:
1257:
1253:
1248:
1244:
1235:
1233:
1224:
1223:
1219:
1214:
1210:
1201:
1199:
1190:
1189:
1185:
1174:
1173:
1169:
1158:
1157:
1153:
1144:
1143:
1139:
1130:
1128:
1119:
1118:
1114:
1095:Oriens Extremus
1089:
1088:
1084:
1066:
1062:
1052:
1048:
1043:"Annals of Yin"
1038:
1034:
1019:
1015:
1001:
997:
984:
980:
970:
969:
965:
957:
953:
948:
944:
937:
929:. p. 207.
916:
915:
911:
904:
887:
886:
882:
875:
871:
866:
862:
854:
838:
837:
833:
816:
812:
781:
777:
772:
721:production and
593:
509:
473:
411:
356:
336:kingdom of Zhou
321:posthumous name
317:
309:cautionary tale
261:Shāng Wáng Shòu
238:Di Xin of Shang
234:posthumous name
211:[ʈ͡ʂoʊ]
184:
177:Posthumous name
167:
162:
129:
68:
42:
41:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2998:
2996:
2988:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2955:1046 BC deaths
2952:
2947:
2942:
2932:
2931:
2925:
2924:
2922:
2921:
2920:
2919:
2907:
2901:
2899:
2895:
2894:
2892:
2891:
2883:
2881:
2877:
2876:
2874:
2873:
2865:
2857:
2849:
2841:
2833:
2825:
2821:League of Gods
2817:
2808:
2806:
2802:
2801:
2799:
2798:
2790:
2782:
2774:
2766:
2758:
2750:
2746:Gods of Honour
2742:
2734:
2726:
2717:
2715:
2711:
2710:
2707:
2706:
2704:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2681:Randeng Daoren
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2637:
2635:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2627:
2622:
2620:Wudang Shengmu
2617:
2612:
2606:
2604:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2584:Yuding Zhenren
2581:
2579:Cihang Zhenren
2576:
2571:
2566:
2564:Puxian Zhenren
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2535:
2533:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2467:
2465:
2461:
2460:
2458:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2285:Chong Yingbiao
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2251:
2249:
2248:Semi-fictional
2242:
2238:
2237:
2226:
2224:
2223:
2216:
2209:
2201:
2192:
2191:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2084:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2022:
2020:
2014:
2013:
2011:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1924:
1922:
1916:
1915:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1905:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1891:
1888:
1885:
1882:
1879:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1849:
1847:
1841:
1840:
1834:
1832:
1831:
1824:
1817:
1809:
1801:
1800:
1790:
1787:
1778:
1773:
1769:
1768:
1767:Regnal titles
1764:
1763:
1756:
1753:
1748:
1747:
1719:
1716:
1715:
1714:
1685:
1656:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1632:
1623:
1614:
1605:
1596:
1587:
1578:
1569:
1560:
1551:
1542:
1533:
1524:
1515:
1503:
1494:
1485:
1476:
1467:
1454:
1445:
1414:
1405:
1396:
1387:
1378:
1369:
1360:
1351:
1342:
1333:
1324:
1315:
1301:
1287:
1278:
1269:
1260:
1251:
1242:
1217:
1208:
1183:
1167:
1151:
1137:
1112:
1082:
1060:
1046:
1032:
1013:
995:
978:
963:
951:
942:
935:
923:出土文献与古文字研究 第7辑
909:
902:
896:. p. 10.
888:曹国庆主编 (1992).
880:
869:
860:
831:
810:
774:
773:
771:
768:
651:, in his work
601:Battle of Muye
592:
589:
576:Fengshen Yanyi
546:Fengshen Yanyi
526:Fengshen Yanyi
508:
505:
485:Battle of Muye
472:
469:
410:
407:
355:
352:
319:Di Xin is the
316:
313:
201:
200:
195:
191:
190:
187:
186:
180:
179:
173:
172:
159:Ancestral name
155:
154:
146:
145:
140:
134:
133:
123:
119:
118:
115:
111:
110:
107:
103:
102:
99:
98:
92:
88:
87:
84:
80:
79:
70:
69:
58:
50:
49:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2997:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2937:
2935:
2918:
2915:
2914:
2913:
2912:
2908:
2906:
2905:Fengshen bang
2903:
2902:
2900:
2896:
2890:
2889:
2888:Mystic Heroes
2885:
2884:
2882:
2878:
2871:
2870:
2866:
2863:
2862:
2858:
2855:
2854:
2850:
2847:
2846:
2842:
2839:
2838:
2834:
2831:
2830:
2826:
2823:
2822:
2818:
2815:
2814:
2810:
2809:
2807:
2803:
2796:
2795:
2791:
2788:
2787:
2783:
2780:
2779:
2775:
2772:
2771:
2767:
2764:
2763:
2759:
2756:
2755:
2751:
2748:
2747:
2743:
2740:
2739:
2735:
2732:
2731:
2727:
2724:
2723:
2719:
2718:
2716:
2712:
2702:
2701:Zhao Gongming
2699:
2697:
2696:Zhunti Daoren
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2638:
2636:
2632:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2610:Duobao Daoren
2608:
2607:
2605:
2601:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2569:Taiyi Zhenren
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2539:Guang Chengzi
2537:
2536:
2534:
2532:
2528:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2468:
2466:
2462:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2445:Zhang Guifang
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2420:Xianhe Tongzi
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2295:Fang Brothers
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2252:
2250:
2246:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2234:
2229:
2222:
2217:
2215:
2210:
2208:
2203:
2202:
2199:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2099:
2095:
2088:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2015:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1923:
1921:
1917:
1904:
1901:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1883:
1880:
1877:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1837:Shang dynasty
1835:Kings of the
1830:
1825:
1823:
1818:
1816:
1811:
1810:
1807:
1797:
1793:
1784:
1783:
1782:King of China
1776:
1770:
1765:
1761:
1760:
1759:Shang dynasty
1751:
1737:31 March 2016
1736:
1732:
1731:
1726:
1722:
1721:
1717:
1711:
1710:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1681:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1654:
1653:0-517-54475-X
1650:
1646:
1642:
1641:
1637:
1627:
1624:
1618:
1615:
1609:
1606:
1600:
1597:
1591:
1588:
1582:
1579:
1573:
1570:
1564:
1561:
1555:
1552:
1546:
1543:
1537:
1534:
1528:
1525:
1519:
1516:
1510:
1508:
1504:
1498:
1495:
1489:
1486:
1480:
1477:
1471:
1468:
1464:
1458:
1455:
1449:
1446:
1435:on 2022-02-22
1434:
1430:
1429:
1424:
1418:
1415:
1409:
1406:
1400:
1397:
1391:
1388:
1382:
1379:
1373:
1370:
1364:
1361:
1355:
1352:
1346:
1343:
1337:
1334:
1328:
1325:
1319:
1316:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1302:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1288:
1282:
1279:
1273:
1270:
1264:
1261:
1255:
1252:
1246:
1243:
1232:on 2015-09-24
1231:
1227:
1221:
1218:
1212:
1209:
1198:on 2018-10-03
1197:
1193:
1187:
1184:
1179:
1178:
1171:
1168:
1163:
1162:
1155:
1152:
1147:
1141:
1138:
1126:
1122:
1116:
1113:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1086:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1036:
1033:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1017:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1005:
999:
996:
993:(天问). "梅伯受醢".
992:
988:
982:
979:
974:
967:
964:
961:(吕氏春秋·仲冬纪第十一)
960:
959:Lüshi Chunqiu
955:
952:
946:
943:
938:
932:
928:
924:
920:
913:
910:
905:
903:7-80546-410-3
899:
895:
891:
884:
881:
878:
873:
870:
864:
861:
857:
851:
850:
849:Lüshi Chunqiu
845:
841:
835:
832:
828:
824:
820:
814:
811:
807:
806:City of Shang
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
785:
779:
776:
769:
767:
764:
763:
757:
753:
749:
744:
741:
740:
734:
730:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
710:
706:
702:
698:
693:
690:
686:
682:
681:
676:
675:
668:
666:
665:
660:
656:
655:
650:
646:
641:
640:
634:
632:
628:
624:
619:
617:
613:
610:, Di Xin and
609:
608:Shang dynasty
604:
602:
598:
590:
588:
586:
581:
577:
572:
570:
566:
562:
558:
553:
551:
547:
542:
540:
536:
532:
528:
527:
522:
518:
514:
506:
504:
502:
498:
493:
491:
486:
482:
478:
470:
468:
466:
462:
458:
453:
451:
446:
444:
443:
437:
435:
430:
428:
424:
420:
415:
408:
406:
405:to the east.
404:
400:
396:
392:
389:. His father
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
367:
363:
362:
353:
351:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
326:
322:
314:
312:
310:
305:
303:
293:
289:
285:
281:
271:
267:
266:Shang dynasty
263:
253:
249:
239:
235:
231:
225:
217:
212:
207:
199:
196:
192:
181:
178:
174:
170:
165:
160:
156:
151:
147:
144:
141:
139:
135:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
93:
89:
85:
81:
78:
77:Shang dynasty
75:
71:
62:
56:
51:
38:
33:
19:
2960:Chinese gods
2909:
2886:
2867:
2859:
2851:
2843:
2835:
2827:
2819:
2811:
2792:
2784:
2776:
2768:
2760:
2752:
2744:
2736:
2728:
2720:
2485:
2410:Su Quanzhong
2395:Shen Gongbao
2320:Huang Yuanji
2231:
2140:N. Dynasties
2136:S. Dynasties
2080:
1796:Zhou dynasty
1780:
1757:
1739:. Retrieved
1728:
1707:
1700:
1678:
1671:
1644:
1626:
1617:
1608:
1599:
1590:
1581:
1572:
1563:
1554:
1545:
1536:
1527:
1518:
1513:王晖《商周文化比较研究》
1497:
1488:
1479:
1470:
1457:
1448:
1437:. Retrieved
1433:the original
1426:
1417:
1408:
1399:
1390:
1381:
1372:
1363:
1354:
1345:
1336:
1327:
1318:
1281:
1272:
1263:
1254:
1245:
1234:. Retrieved
1230:the original
1220:
1211:
1200:. Retrieved
1196:the original
1186:
1176:
1170:
1160:
1154:
1140:
1129:. Retrieved
1124:
1115:
1098:
1094:
1085:
1071:
1063:
1053:
1049:
1039:
1035:
1030:, p. 73-104.
1027:
1024:
1016:
1002:
998:
990:
981:
972:
971:Sima, Qian.
966:
954:
945:
922:
912:
889:
883:
872:
863:
853:
847:
834:
826:
822:
813:
796:
792:
782:
778:
760:
745:
737:
735:
731:
713:
694:
678:
672:
669:
662:
652:
637:
635:
620:
605:
594:
584:
575:
573:
554:
545:
543:
530:
524:
516:
510:
496:
494:
477:Zhou dynasty
474:
454:
447:
440:
438:
431:
416:
412:
359:
357:
344:Zhou dynasty
339:
331:
325:lineage name
318:
306:
299:
277:
269:
259:
251:
247:Shāng Dì Xīn
245:
237:
227:
205:
204:
97:(his father)
60:
2911:Hoshin Engi
2880:Video games
2730:Soul Hunter
2646:Erlang Shen
2501:San Yisheng
2496:Nangong Kuo
2390:Queen Jiang
2310:Huang Feihu
2280:Chong Houhu
2275:Chong Heihu
2228:Xu Zhonglin
2132:16 Kingdoms
2071:Wen Wu Ding
1920:Early Shang
1733:. Chicago:
1531:杨宝成《殷墟文化研究》
1091:Pines, Yuri
1004:Yi Zhou Shu
921:主编 (2018).
791:. quote: 「今
697:grave goods
645:Han dynasty
616:Xia dynasty
585:Tianxi Xing
557:Queen Jiang
354:Early reign
185:Di Xin (帝辛)
91:Predecessor
2934:Categories
2845:Jiang Ziya
2829:I Am Nezha
2797:(upcoming)
2544:Chi Jingzi
2506:Shang Rong
2476:Jiang Ziya
2464:Historical
2435:Yunzhongzi
2330:Jiang Huan
2325:Ji Shuqian
2290:Deng Zhong
2241:Characters
2124:3 Kingdoms
2018:Late Shang
1968:Zhong Ding
1792:Wu of Zhou
1741:21 October
1695:(1959) . "
1666:(1959) . "
1638:References
1439:2022-01-12
1236:2015-08-23
1202:2015-12-08
1131:2021-05-22
825:. Series:
685:Da Yu ding
649:Wang Chong
647:. Scholar
612:Jie of Xia
580:Jiang Ziya
481:Jiang Ziya
409:Late reign
169:Given name
2554:Ju Liusun
2455:Zheng Lun
2415:Wen Zhong
2375:Pipa Jing
2350:Leizhenzi
2340:Kong Xuan
2315:Huang Gun
2265:Chen Tong
2098:same term
2061:Kang Ding
2008:Xiang Jia
1993:Qiang Jia
1884:Shang Jia
1881:Wang Heng
1868:Chang Ruo
1858:Zhao Ming
1689:Sima Qian
1660:Sima Qian
1161:周貽白小说戲曲論集
1125:ctext.org
1068:Liu Xiang
565:Jiuhou Nü
535:Confucian
495:The name
475:When the
419:Sima Qian
373:(子啓) and
366:Sima Qian
236:given to
229:Zhòu Wáng
206:King Zhou
164:Clan name
131:Jiuhou Nü
2917:chapters
2521:Bo Yikao
2430:Yin Jiao
2425:Yang Ren
2400:Shen Jie
2365:Lu Xiong
2360:Liu Qian
2345:Lady Yin
2031:Xiao Xin
2026:Pan Geng
2003:Nan Geng
1978:Jian Jia
1953:Xiao Jia
1893:Bao Ding
1890:Bao Bing
1878:Wang Hai
1863:Xiang Tu
1693:Sima Tan
1664:Sima Tan
1107:24048044
991:Tian Wen
867:Wu, 220.
840:Lü Buwei
801:his wife
561:Yin Jiao
279:Zhòu Xīn
270:Zhou Xin
183:Zhou (紂)
161:: Zǐ (子)
125:Consort
117:1046 BCE
109:1105 BCE
2898:Related
2656:Li Jing
2634:Deities
2481:Jiao Ge
2450:Zhao Qi
2270:Chen Wu
2255:Ao Bing
2056:Lin Xin
2046:Zu Geng
2041:Wu Ding
2036:Xiao Yi
1998:Zu Ding
1948:Da Geng
1943:Bu Bing
1933:Da Ding
1899:Zhu Gui
1896:Zhu Ren
1177:封神榜故事探原
987:Qu Yuan
927:上海古籍出版社
723:weaving
687:during
683:). The
654:Lunheng
569:Guifang
501:crupper
387:Wu Geng
358:In the
348:crupper
334:by the
288:crupper
216:Chinese
143:Wu Geng
74:King of
2872:(2023)
2864:(2022)
2856:(2021)
2848:(2020)
2840:(2019)
2837:Ne Zha
2832:(2016)
2824:(2016)
2816:(1979)
2794:Zhaoge
2789:(2019)
2781:(2018)
2773:(2014)
2765:(2009)
2757:(2007)
2749:(2001)
2741:(1999)
2733:(1999)
2725:(1990)
2651:Jinzha
2491:Mei Bo
2370:Mei Wu
2355:Li Gen
2164:W. Xia
2096:. The
2081:Di Xin
2051:Zu Jia
1988:Zu Xin
1973:Bu Ren
1938:Da Jia
1887:Bao Yi
1872:Cao Yu
1697:4: 周本紀
1668:3: 殷本紀
1651:
1105:
933:
900:
877:U+7D02
844:仲冬紀—當務
701:Zu Jia
461:Bi Gan
457:Wei Zi
450:Mei Bo
423:orgies
403:Dongyi
399:Bi Gan
375:Zi Yan
226::
224:pinyin
218::
194:Father
122:Spouse
18:Di Xin
2805:Films
2666:Nezha
2661:Muzha
2405:Su Hu
2108:Shang
2094:Yinxu
2076:Di Yi
2066:Wu Yi
1983:Zu Yi
1963:Lü Ji
1958:Da Wu
1928:Da Yi
1775:Di Yi
1706:[
1701:Shiji
1677:[
1672:Shiji
1103:JSTOR
1054:Shiji
1040:Shiji
1028:138.1
1009:Shifu
925:. 上海：
894:三秦出版社
892:. 西安：
855:受德乃紂也
770:Notes
705:human
664:Lushi
597:Yinxu
490:Ji Fa
465:Ji Zi
395:Ji Zi
391:Di Yi
371:Zi Qi
315:Names
250:) or
198:Di Yi
153:Names
138:Issue
95:Di Yi
83:Reign
67:1805)
2671:Nüwa
2471:Daji
2180:Qing
2176:Ming
2172:Yuan
2160:Song
2156:Liao
2148:Tang
2112:Zhou
1903:Tang
1875:Ming
1743:2022
1649:ISBN
1428:Sohu
931:ISBN
898:ISBN
890:亡国君主
719:silk
707:and
550:Nüwa
499:(紂;
497:Zhòu
471:Fall
427:Daji
397:and
383:Song
379:Zhou
301:Zhōu
127:Daji
114:Died
106:Born
2230:'s
2188:PRC
2184:ROC
2168:Jīn
2144:Sui
2128:Jìn
2120:Han
2116:Qin
2104:Xia
1853:Xie
1699:".
1670:".
842:. "
821:in
793:商王受
544:In
328:Yin
304:).
256:商王受
242:商帝辛
2936::
2714:TV
2186:/
2182:→
2178:→
2174:→
2170:→
2166:/
2162:/
2158:/
2154:→
2150:→
2146:→
2142:→
2138:/
2134:→
2130:/
2126:→
2122:→
2118:→
2114:→
2110:→
2106:→
1727:.
1704:史記
1691:;
1675:史記
1662:;
1506:^
1463:周礼
1425:.
1304:^
1290:^
1123:.
1099:47
1097:.
1070:,
989:,
919:刘钊
852:.
808:."
787:,
603:.
578:,
517:19
452:.
364:,
298:;
276:;
274:紂辛
258:;
244:;
222:;
220:紂王
214:;
65:c.
45:帝辛
2220:e
2213:t
2206:v
1912:商
1828:e
1821:t
1814:v
1798:)
1794:(
1745:.
1655:.
1461:《
1442:.
1239:.
1205:.
1148:.
1134:.
1109:.
1080:"
1011:"
1007:"
975:.
939:.
906:.
529:(
515:(
296:周
284:紂
272:(
254:(
240:(
208:(
63:(
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
