44:
57:
313:
well-separated with a diameter of about 4 millimetres (0.16 in). The colour is variable and can be white, cream, orange, yellowish-brown, green, olive or brown and the septo-costae, the little ridges that surround the corallites, are white. Sometimes two individual corals grow side by side and intertwine, forming one hump, but in these circumstances they do not fuse and each retains its original colour.
770:
312:
protrude, can be oval, or elongated. They can be up to 5 centimetres (2.0 in) long and only 0.5 centimetres (0.20 in) wide. Others are circular or Y-shaped and all have raised rims. The columella, the central axial structure in the corallite, is fragile and spongy. The polyps are large and
352:
but not on reef crests. It has a wide depth range of 2 to 72 metres (6 to 236 feet) but is commonest at 30 metres (98 ft) or less. The corallites are larger and more prominent in individuals growing at greater depths.
442:
colonies were killed. Because of its slow growth rate and low level of recruitment, recovery after this outbreak did not occur and the reef population seems to be permanently diminished.
1006:
1783:
1369:
1589:
1395:
872:
43:
1927:
1757:
1537:
1343:
1796:
1563:
1382:
951:
300:
coral that forms rounded humps up to 40 centimetres (16 in) in diameter or thick plates. It is recognisable by the fact that many of the
1602:
1103:
1937:
1932:
1026:
1922:
1041:
562:
1884:
1677:
1444:
1146:
986:
676:
491:
511:
426:, it is considerably more tolerant of thermal stress than many other stony coral species. It is very susceptible to the disease
1077:
372:
green algae live within the tissues. These use the coral's nitrogenous waste and supply the coral with the organic products of
587:
1801:
1568:
1387:
1001:
1912:
926:
1031:
991:
56:
1594:
1400:
285:
has irregular calyces and its form can be either a massive, hemispherical hump or a flat, platform-like structure.
1118:
883:
1503:
1128:
981:
946:
971:
1270:
1113:
966:
400:
624:"Changes in a coral population on reefs of the northern Florida Keys following a coral disease epizootic"
1917:
1835:
1628:
1421:
1108:
1072:
1036:
878:
866:
844:
455:
155:
451:
1889:
1744:
1718:
1682:
1524:
1485:
1449:
1317:
1218:
1156:
961:
669:
479:
1136:
931:
906:
171:
1853:
1646:
1082:
1067:
1016:
956:
447:
184:
51:
1840:
1633:
554:
547:
1788:
1822:
1731:
1723:
1615:
1511:
1426:
1408:
1374:
1330:
1087:
936:
558:
427:
1308:
623:
1876:
1827:
1814:
1669:
1620:
1581:
1490:
1436:
1413:
1248:
1223:
839:
796:
720:
638:
297:
261:
410:
eventually settle on the seabed and develop into juvenile polyps which found new colonies.
380:
are extended to catch plankton and small invertebrates. This coral is not much affected by
344:
Era (34 to 23 million years ago). It is a relatively uncommon species and tends to grow on
1243:
1213:
1062:
916:
861:
662:
423:
309:
1228:
996:
941:
745:
373:
365:
333:
403:
during the year, one at the end of August and the other in
October. The free-swimming
1906:
1809:
1576:
1181:
901:
851:
740:
715:
349:
345:
337:
17:
1322:
376:. During the day, the coral's polyps are retracted but at night they emerge and the
1736:
1516:
1335:
1194:
1011:
786:
778:
730:
697:
431:
264:
257:
118:
108:
98:
1659:
324:
is found in the western
Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea. Its range extends from
1866:
1848:
1770:
1641:
1550:
1356:
1302:
1187:
976:
911:
725:
710:
705:
175:
1709:
1476:
1293:
769:
1253:
1238:
1161:
1151:
1141:
893:
856:
834:
816:
801:
791:
689:
305:
1233:
435:
381:
369:
341:
301:
68:
281:. It is mostly found in the Caribbean Sea and the western Atlantic Ocean.
1703:
1470:
1287:
921:
759:
735:
654:
385:
377:
88:
340:
shows that this species grew in the
Caribbean region as long ago as the
1762:
1542:
1348:
1021:
806:
643:
404:
329:
325:
1775:
1555:
1498:
1361:
1046:
753:
389:
78:
1264:
1861:
1654:
824:
685:
407:
253:
1749:
1607:
1529:
1268:
658:
829:
336:
and along the coast of
Central America to Venezuela. The
1693:
1460:
1277:
1206:
1174:
1127:
1096:
1055:
892:
815:
777:
696:
549:Marine Invertebrates and Plants of the Living Reef
546:
430:, especially at high water temperatures. In the
622:Richardson, Laurie L.; Voss, Joshua D. (2005).
273:, which is commonly known as pineapple coral,
873:The Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs
670:
8:
617:
615:
1265:
1124:
677:
663:
655:
42:
31:
642:
267:. It is represented by a single species,
540:
538:
536:
473:
471:
467:
952:Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary
599:Corals status review: Western Atlantic
582:
580:
578:
576:
574:
522:. Marine Species Identification Portal
1104:Environmental issues with coral reefs
520:Interactive Guide to Caribbean Diving
7:
438:of white plague type II and 75% of
25:
1928:Taxa named by Henri Milne-Edwards
1147:International Coral Reef Society
987:Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System
768:
492:World Register of Marine Species
484:Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848"
55:
1078:Stony coral tissue loss disease
553:. T.F.H. Publications. p.
236:Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848
228:Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848
206:Milne-Edwards & Haime, 1849
135:Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848
631:Marine Ecology Progress Series
592:Milne Edwards and Haime, 1848"
388:and is sometimes overgrown by
1:
1007:Northwestern Hawaiian Islands
478:van der Land, Jacob (2012).
332:to the southern half of the
1032:Southeast Asian coral reefs
1954:
1938:Monotypic cnidarian genera
992:New Caledonia barrier reef
545:Colin, Patrick L. (1978).
395:The sexes are separate in
308:cups from which the coral
1933:Taxa named by Jules Haime
884:Spur and groove formation
766:
190:
183:
161:
154:
52:Scientific classification
50:
41:
34:
1923:Corals described in 1848
947:East African coral coast
601:. NOAA Fisheries Service
512:"Elliptical star coral (
317:Distribution and habitat
446:is also susceptible to
399:. There seem to be two
1114:Coral reef restoration
1836:Paleobiology Database
1724:Dichocoenia_stellaris
1695:Dichocoenia stellaris
1629:Paleobiology Database
1422:Paleobiology Database
1109:Coral reef protection
1073:Skeletal eroding band
879:Catlin Seaview Survey
867:Census of Coral Reefs
845:mesophotic coral reef
434:in 1995 there was an
384:but is eaten by some
368:coral. Single celled
275:elliptical star coral
225:Dichocoenia stellaris
18:Dichocoenia stellaris
1504:dichocoenia-stokesii
1462:Dichocoenia stokesii
1219:Aquaculture of coral
1002:Non-tropical regions
401:mass spawning events
283:Dichocoenia stokesii
270:Dichocoenia stokesii
1913:Scleractinia genera
1491:Dichocoenia_stokesi
1137:Coral Reef Alliance
1027:Solomon Archipelago
932:Belize Barrier Reef
907:African coral reefs
590:Dichocoenia stokesi
514:Dichocoenia stokesi
482:Dichocoenia stokesi
444:Dichocoenia stokesi
440:Dichocoenia stokesi
420:Dichocoenia stokesi
397:Dichocoenia stokesi
362:Dichocoenia stokesi
322:Dichocoenia stokesi
294:Dichocoenia stokesi
233:Dichocoenia stokesi
165:Dichocoenia stokesi
1083:White band disease
1068:Black band disease
1037:Tuvalu Archipelago
1017:Raja Ampat Islands
957:Great Barrier Reef
644:10.3354/meps297147
456:dark-spot syndrome
448:black band disease
422:is susceptible to
279:pancake star coral
1900:
1899:
1823:Open Tree of Life
1616:Open Tree of Life
1409:Open Tree of Life
1271:Taxon identifiers
1262:
1261:
1170:
1169:
1088:White pox disease
937:Coral Sea Islands
452:ciliate infection
245:
244:
237:
229:
221:
207:
136:
16:(Redirected from
1945:
1893:
1892:
1880:
1879:
1870:
1869:
1857:
1856:
1844:
1843:
1831:
1830:
1818:
1817:
1805:
1804:
1792:
1791:
1779:
1778:
1766:
1765:
1753:
1752:
1740:
1739:
1727:
1726:
1714:
1713:
1712:
1686:
1685:
1673:
1672:
1663:
1662:
1650:
1649:
1637:
1636:
1624:
1623:
1611:
1610:
1598:
1597:
1585:
1584:
1572:
1571:
1559:
1558:
1546:
1545:
1533:
1532:
1520:
1519:
1507:
1506:
1494:
1493:
1481:
1480:
1479:
1453:
1452:
1440:
1439:
1430:
1429:
1417:
1416:
1404:
1403:
1391:
1390:
1378:
1377:
1365:
1364:
1352:
1351:
1339:
1338:
1326:
1325:
1313:
1312:
1311:
1298:
1297:
1296:
1266:
1249:Deep-water coral
1224:Coral dermatitis
1125:
840:Deep-water coral
772:
679:
672:
665:
656:
649:
648:
646:
628:
619:
610:
609:
607:
606:
596:
584:
569:
568:
552:
542:
531:
530:
528:
527:
508:
502:
501:
499:
498:
475:
386:bivalve molluscs
235:
227:
219:
205:
167:
134:
60:
59:
46:
32:
21:
1953:
1952:
1948:
1947:
1946:
1944:
1943:
1942:
1903:
1902:
1901:
1896:
1888:
1883:
1875:
1873:
1865:
1860:
1852:
1847:
1839:
1834:
1826:
1821:
1813:
1808:
1800:
1795:
1787:
1782:
1774:
1769:
1761:
1756:
1748:
1743:
1735:
1730:
1722:
1717:
1708:
1707:
1702:
1689:
1681:
1676:
1668:
1666:
1658:
1653:
1645:
1640:
1632:
1627:
1619:
1614:
1606:
1601:
1593:
1588:
1580:
1575:
1567:
1562:
1554:
1549:
1541:
1536:
1528:
1523:
1515:
1510:
1502:
1497:
1489:
1484:
1475:
1474:
1469:
1456:
1448:
1443:
1435:
1433:
1425:
1420:
1412:
1407:
1399:
1394:
1386:
1381:
1373:
1368:
1360:
1355:
1347:
1342:
1334:
1329:
1321:
1316:
1307:
1306:
1301:
1292:
1291:
1286:
1273:
1263:
1258:
1244:Coralline algae
1214:Artificial reef
1202:
1175:Symbiotic algae
1166:
1123:
1119:Reef resilience
1092:
1063:Coral bleaching
1051:
917:Andros, Bahamas
888:
862:Coral reef fish
811:
773:
764:
692:
683:
653:
652:
626:
621:
620:
613:
604:
602:
594:
586:
585:
572:
565:
544:
543:
534:
525:
523:
510:
509:
505:
496:
494:
477:
476:
469:
464:
416:
359:
319:
291:
252:is a monotypic
241:
240:
212:
198:
194:
179:
169:
163:
150:
147:D. stokesi
133:
54:
28:
27:Genus of corals
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1951:
1949:
1941:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1905:
1904:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1894:
1881:
1871:
1858:
1845:
1832:
1819:
1806:
1793:
1780:
1767:
1754:
1741:
1728:
1715:
1699:
1697:
1691:
1690:
1688:
1687:
1674:
1664:
1651:
1638:
1625:
1612:
1599:
1586:
1573:
1560:
1547:
1534:
1521:
1508:
1495:
1482:
1466:
1464:
1458:
1457:
1455:
1454:
1441:
1431:
1418:
1405:
1392:
1379:
1366:
1353:
1340:
1327:
1314:
1299:
1283:
1281:
1275:
1274:
1269:
1260:
1259:
1257:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1229:Precious coral
1226:
1221:
1216:
1210:
1208:
1204:
1203:
1201:
1200:
1199:
1198:
1191:
1178:
1176:
1172:
1171:
1168:
1167:
1165:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1133:
1131:
1122:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1100:
1098:
1094:
1093:
1091:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1059:
1057:
1056:Coral diseases
1053:
1052:
1050:
1049:
1044:
1042:Virgin Islands
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
984:
979:
974:
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
944:
942:Coral Triangle
939:
934:
929:
924:
919:
914:
909:
904:
898:
896:
890:
889:
887:
886:
881:
876:
869:
864:
859:
854:
849:
848:
847:
837:
832:
827:
821:
819:
813:
812:
810:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
783:
781:
775:
774:
767:
765:
763:
762:
756:
750:
749:
748:
743:
733:
728:
723:
718:
713:
708:
702:
700:
694:
693:
684:
682:
681:
674:
667:
659:
651:
650:
611:
570:
563:
532:
503:
466:
465:
463:
460:
415:
412:
374:photosynthesis
366:zooxanthellate
358:
355:
334:Gulf of Mexico
318:
315:
290:
287:
243:
242:
239:
238:
230:
222:
217:Astrea porcata
209:
208:
195:
192:
191:
188:
187:
181:
180:
170:
159:
158:
152:
151:
144:
142:
138:
137:
126:
122:
121:
116:
112:
111:
106:
102:
101:
96:
92:
91:
86:
82:
81:
76:
72:
71:
66:
62:
61:
48:
47:
39:
38:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1950:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1891:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1872:
1868:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1720:
1716:
1711:
1705:
1701:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1692:
1684:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1665:
1661:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1487:
1483:
1478:
1472:
1468:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1459:
1451:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1432:
1428:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1319:
1315:
1310:
1304:
1300:
1295:
1289:
1285:
1284:
1282:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1267:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1209:
1205:
1197:
1196:
1192:
1190:
1189:
1185:
1184:
1183:
1182:Zooxanthellae
1180:
1179:
1177:
1173:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1152:Project AWARE
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1129:Organizations
1126:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1099:
1095:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1058:
1054:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
997:Ningaloo Reef
995:
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
902:List of reefs
900:
899:
897:
895:
894:Coral regions
891:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
874:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
846:
843:
842:
841:
838:
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
823:
822:
820:
818:
814:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
784:
782:
780:
776:
771:
761:
757:
755:
751:
747:
744:
742:
739:
738:
737:
734:
732:
729:
727:
724:
722:
719:
717:
714:
712:
709:
707:
704:
703:
701:
699:
695:
691:
687:
680:
675:
673:
668:
666:
661:
660:
657:
645:
640:
636:
632:
625:
618:
616:
612:
600:
593:
591:
583:
581:
579:
577:
575:
571:
566:
564:0-86622-875-6
560:
556:
555:266–267
551:
550:
541:
539:
537:
533:
521:
517:
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1918:Meandrinidae
1694:
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1278:
1195:Symbiodinium
1193:
1186:
1097:Conservation
1012:Pulley Ridge
871:
779:Octocorallia
698:Hexacorallia
634:
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603:. Retrieved
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495:. Retrieved
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432:Florida Keys
428:white plague
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119:Meandrinidae
109:Scleractinia
99:Hexacorallia
35:
29:
1849:SeaLifeBase
1771:iNaturalist
1642:SeaLifeBase
1551:iNaturalist
1357:iNaturalist
1323:Dichocoenia
1309:Dichocoenia
1303:Wikispecies
1279:Dichocoenia
1188:Amphidinium
977:Lakshadweep
912:Amazon Reef
817:Coral reefs
690:coral reefs
637:: 147–156.
289:Description
258:stony coral
249:Dichocoenia
130:Dichocoenia
36:Dichocoenia
1907:Categories
1254:Fire coral
1239:Coral sand
1162:Reef Check
1142:Green Fins
857:Microatoll
797:Organ pipe
721:Hermatypic
605:2012-11-12
526:2012-11-13
497:2012-11-12
462:References
350:back reefs
346:fore reefs
302:corallites
1234:Coral rag
1157:Reef Ball
927:Baa Atoll
436:epizootic
424:bleaching
418:Although
382:predation
378:tentacles
370:symbiotic
342:Oligocene
211:(Species)
203:Parastrea
141:Species:
75:Kingdom:
69:Eukaryota
1862:Species+
1789:11063739
1710:Q3333121
1704:Wikidata
1655:Species+
1477:Q3330640
1471:Wikidata
1294:Q3318999
1288:Wikidata
982:Maldives
972:Kiribati
922:Apo Reef
852:Fringing
807:Sea pens
802:Sea fans
760:Tabulate
746:Staghorn
716:Elegance
298:colonial
185:Synonyms
115:Family:
89:Cnidaria
85:Phylum:
79:Animalia
65:Domain:
1763:2259741
1750:1006556
1595:1499105
1543:2259742
1530:1006555
1375:1099173
1349:2259740
1022:Red Sea
967:Jamaica
741:Elkhorn
726:Chalice
405:planula
390:sponges
357:Biology
330:Florida
326:Bermuda
260:in the
197:(Genus)
125:Genus:
105:Order:
95:Class:
1890:289806
1877:252916
1874:uBio:
1841:151365
1828:846474
1815:133436
1683:289807
1670:252917
1667:uBio:
1634:138032
1621:846474
1608:289807
1582:133102
1499:ARKive
1450:267382
1437:253077
1434:uBio:
1414:846473
1401:130060
1047:Yabiji
787:Bamboo
754:Rugose
731:Pillar
686:Corals
561:
414:Status
408:larvae
310:polyps
304:, the
262:family
178:, 1848
174:&
1885:WoRMS
1854:45896
1802:53421
1784:IRMNG
1776:99272
1737:6CSKC
1678:WoRMS
1660:10344
1647:45897
1569:53420
1556:99273
1517:35LYW
1445:WoRMS
1388:53419
1370:IRMNG
1362:87933
1336:84N6G
1207:Other
962:India
835:Coral
825:Atoll
736:Table
711:Brain
706:Black
627:(PDF)
595:(PDF)
488:WoRMS
364:is a
306:stony
277:, or
254:genus
176:Haime
1867:3843
1810:IUCN
1797:ITIS
1758:GBIF
1603:OBIS
1590:NCBI
1577:IUCN
1564:ITIS
1538:GBIF
1427:6352
1396:NCBI
1383:ITIS
1344:GBIF
792:Blue
688:and
559:ISBN
454:and
348:and
193:List
1745:EoL
1732:CoL
1719:ADW
1525:EoL
1512:CoL
1486:ADW
1331:CoL
1318:ADW
830:Cay
639:doi
635:297
256:of
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758:†
752:†
678:e
671:t
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480:"
20:)
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