1453:
would often travel long distances to perform their rituals, especially for the principal Ito festival. The
Spanish banned these ceremonies in the seventeenth century, but they continued under the guise of Christian liturgy: the Andean gods were concealed behind Christian icons and the Andean divinities became the Saints. The Ito festival was transformed into a Christian ritual, celebrated on Candlemas (2 February). The traditional llama llama or diablada in worship of the Uru god Tiw became the main dance at the Carnival of Oruro.
738:
would often travel long distances to perform their rituals, especially for the principal Ito festival. The
Spanish banned these ceremonies in the seventeenth century, but they continued under the guise of Christian liturgy: the Andean gods were concealed behind Christian icons and the Andean divinities became the Saints. The Ito festival was transformed into a Christian ritual, celebrated on Candlemas (2 February). The traditional llama llama or diablada in worship of the Uru god Tiw became the main dance at the Carnival of Oruro.
517:
573:
24:
172:
324:
469:
252:...The Spanish banned these ceremonies in the seventeenth century, but they continued under the guise of Christian liturgy: the Andean gods were concealed behind Christian icons and the Andean divinities became the Saints. The Ito festival was transformed into a Christian ritual, celebrated on Candlemas (2 February). The traditional
587:
The costumes used in the
Peruvian Diablata also include influences from Tibet as well as elements from pre-Columbian Peruvian cultures such as Sechin, Chavin, Nazca, and Mochica. Homegrown masks were produced and sold in Peru starting in 1956. Music for the dance was originally performed on the siku,
1452:
The town of Oruro, situated at an altitude of 3,700 metres in the mountains of western
Bolivia and once a pre-Columbian ceremonial site, was an important mining area in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Resettled by the Spanish in 1606, it continued to be a sacred site for the Uru people, who
737:
The town of Oruro, situated at an altitude of 3,700 metres in the mountains of western
Bolivia and once a pre-Columbian ceremonial site, was an important mining area in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Resettled by the Spanish in 1606, it continued to be a sacred site for the Uru people, who
270:
Chilean and
Peruvian organizations suggest that since the dance has roots in Andean civilizations that existed before the formation of the current national borders, it should belong equally to the three nations. Some Chilean historians concede that the Diablada originated in Bolivia and was adopted
584:
version of the
Diablada was quite different from the Ururo-based Bolivian version until the two merged at the Fiesta de la Candelaria in 1965. However, the Peruvian versions continue to feature homegrown figures like Superman, American Indians, ancient Mexicans, and characters from popular films.
583:
The
Diablada Puneña originated in modern Peru with the in the Lupaka people in 1576, when they combined tenets of Christianity from the autos sacramentales with ancient Aymara traditions. Some additional influences from the cult of the Virgin Mary were added in the following century. The Peruvian
219:
in the ancient settlement of Oruro, which was one of the major centers of the Uru civilization. The dance includes references to animals that appear in Uru mythology such as ants, lizards, toads, and snakes. Bolivian anthropologist Milton
Eyzaguirre adds that the ancient cultures of the Bolivian
443:
The first institutionalized
Diablada dance squad was the Gran Tradicional y Auténtica Diablada Oruro, founded in Bolivia in 1904 by Pedro Pablo Corrales. That squad established a counterpart called the Los Vaporinos in Peru in 1918. A squad from Bolivia was invited to travel to the
235:
caused by Spanish influence in later centuries, Tiw was eventually associated with the devil; Spanish authorities also outlawed several of the ancient traditions but incorporated others into Christian theology. Local and regional Diablada festivals arose during the
407:
and Bolivian anthropologist Freddy Arancibia Andrade have suggested a similar process, with the dance originating among miners who rebelled against the Spanish at Potosi in 1538 while combining the ancient ritual of
460:, along with the Diablada and 19 other dances performed at the festival. In 2004, the Bolivian government awarded high national honors to the Gran Tradicional y Auténtica Diablada Oruro for its 100th anniversary.
282:
Some Peruvian historians also concede that the dance originated in Bolivia but was influenced by earlier traditions practiced across the Altiplano region, including some specific to Peru. The Peruvian version,
480:. In modern times the dance is accompanied by an orchestra. Dancers often perform on streets and public squares, but the ritual can also be performed at indoor theaters and arenas. The ritual begins with a
457:
194:
1502:
420:
Though the traditions of the Diablada were merged with Christianity during the colonial period, the meanings of the original traditions were revived and reassessed during the
154:
The first organized Diablada group with defined music and choreography appeared in Bolivia in 1904. There is also some evidence of the dance originating among miners in
440:, which allowed for greater acknowledgement of pre-Christian traditions including the Diablada. The present annual Diablada festival was established in Oruro by 1891.
1216:
1923:
1868:]. Autores bolivianos contemporáneos (in Spanish). Vol. 5. La Paz, Bolivia: Ministerio de Educación y Bellas Artes, Oficialía Mayor de Cultura Nacional.
1847:
1804:
1519:. Autores bolivianos contemporáneos (in Spanish). Vol. 5. La Paz, Bolivia: Ministerio de Educación y Bellas Artes, Oficialía Mayor de Cultura Nacional.
816:
1162:
789:
412:
with Christian references. Andrade has also proposed a similar process among striking miners in 1904 as the origin of the modern version of the Diablada.
391:
during which the colonizers introduced Christianity to the natives of the Andes, due to differing conceptions of the devil and his temptations. The
181:
1618:
839:
1652:
1588:
1859:
1506:
1975:
1946:
1409:
421:
1465:
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Bolivian historians claim that the Diablada originated in that country, and that Oruro should be named as its place of origin under the
1941:. Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long series in Latin American and Latino art and culture. Austin, United States: University of Texas Press.
1806:
Formulario de Candidatura para la proclamación del Carnaval de Oruro como Obra Maestra del Patrimonio Oral e Intangible de la Humanidad
754:
1722:
2011:
1899:
1301:
661:
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in the fourth movement "by four". Since the second half of the 20th century, dialogue is omitted so the focus is only on the dance.
1796:
1754:
448:
in Chile in 1956, and that country's first established squad was called Primera Diablada Servidores Virgen del Carmen, centered in
372:
and is first known to have been performed in 1150. Catalan scholar Jordi Rius i Mercade has also found similarities between the
299:; with that dance merging with the Bolivian version in the early 1900s. Scholars who defend the Diablada's origins in Peru cite
2089:
651:
29:
625:
186:
1553:
1296:]. Clásicos Castalia (in Spanish). Vol. 252 (2000 ed.). Madrid, Spain: Editorial Castalia. pp. 226–227.
1220:
990:
2099:
603:
in the northern region of that country. The festival attracts more than 100,000 visitors annually to the small village of
1885:
1361:
1024:
429:
387:
Those theories contradict the more common theory that the modern Diablada is most influenced by the Spanish practice of
335:
Some historians have theorized that the modern Diablada exhibits influences from Spanish dance traditions. In her book
1881:
939:[The Uncle of the mine] (in Spanish). Stockholm, Sweden: Arena y Cal, revista literaria y cultural divulgativa
698:
Danza típica de la región de Oruro, en Bolivia, llamada así por la careta y el traje de diablo que usan los bailarines
2031:
959:
492:
of pride, greed, lust, anger, gluttony, envy, and sloth. Afterwards, a troop of devils come out. They are all led by
865:
58:
2104:
823:
Compilation of historians, anthropologists, researchers and folklorists about the Carnival of Oruro and La Diablada
1822:
813:
1279:
680:
308:
265:
Proclamation of "Masterpiece of Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity" to the "Carnival of Oruro", UNESCO 2001
2084:
2074:
608:
213:, who protected caves, lakes, and rivers as places of shelter. The dance is believed to have originated as the
1648:
1412:[The Chile's folklore and its three great roots] (in Spanish). Memorias Chilenas. 2004. Archived from
146:
While the dance had been performed in the Andean region as early as the 1500s, its name originated in 1789 in
2109:
2079:
1082:
2094:
2069:
936:
202:
1632:
874:
843:
684:
1855:
1701:
1672:
1556:[Ceremonial dances of the northern cultural area] (in Spanish). Chile: Hamaycan. Archived from
1498:
340:
205:. Bolivian historians currently maintain that the Diablada dates back 2000 years to the rituals of the
1778:
1598:
1120:
572:
1993:
1765:
of South America] (in Catalan). Tarragona, Spain: Junta del Ball de Diables www.balldediables.org
1627:
1584:
1370:
1033:
433:
404:
98:
2051:
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appears and defeats the Devil. The choreography has three versions, each consisting of seven moves.
1166:
793:
630:
600:
445:
392:
388:
369:
272:
1413:
1135:
1073:
1917:
1841:
108:
region of South America, characterized by performers wearing masks and costumes representing the
1614:
23:
2007:
1981:
1971:
1952:
1942:
1932:
1905:
1895:
1869:
1664:
1520:
1473:
1435:
1307:
1297:
1283:
720:
657:
620:
529:
489:
477:
476:
In its original form, the dance was performed with music by a band of Sikuris, who played the
453:
328:
241:
113:
55:
1105:
1593:
1287:
701:
516:
296:
766:
2035:
1734:
820:
352:
323:
171:
1967:
From Viracocha to the Virgin of Copacabana: representation of the sacred at Lake Titicaca
275:
in 1952, though it is also influenced by a similar 16th Century Chilean tradition called
1436:"Bolivia (Plurinational State of) - Information related to Intangible Cultural Heritage"
721:"Bolivia (Plurinational State of) - Information related to Intangible Cultural Heritage"
1718:
533:
245:
237:
158:, while regional dances in Peru and Chile may have also influenced the modern version.
147:
117:
1755:"Concomitàncies entre els balls de diables catalans i les diabladas d'Amèrica del Sud"
116:
theology and mythology. combined with Spanish and Christian elements added during the
2063:
1692:
505:
493:
425:
300:
292:
133:
1077:
1997:
1965:
1936:
1188:
201:; Bolivia has also claimed that performances of the dance in other countries are
1557:
1187:
McFarren, Peter; Choque, Sixto; Gisbert, Teresa (2009) . McFarren, Peter (ed.).
1002:
687:[Spanish Language Dictionary - 22nd edition] (in Spanish). Madrid, Spain
428:, became a center of appreciation for pre-Columbian dance and music. During the
347:
260:
in worship of the Uru god Tiw became the main dance at the Carnival of Oruro....
215:
121:
2043:
814:
http://www.carnavaldeoruroacfo.com/documentos/FORMULARIO%20DE%20CANDIDATURA.pdf
468:
357:
232:
101:
45:
1668:
1659:: A mixed race choreographic expression of the Altiplano in the Collao].
1375:
1038:
504:
move continuously. This confrontation between the two sides is eclipsed when
1985:
1956:
1653:"La Diablada: Una expresión de coreografía mestiza del Altiplano del Collao"
1311:
604:
361:
344:
304:
210:
176:
137:
129:
105:
76:
1909:
1873:
1524:
155:
2028:
1938:
Carnival and other Christian festivals: folk theology and folk performance
967:
588:
but that was later replaced by percussionists known as Sicu-Morenos.>
544:
The music associated with the dance has two parts: the first is known as
437:
2006:]. Obras completas, Nicomedes Santa Cruz (in Spanish). Vol. 2.
1733:(in Spanish). Lima, Peru: Instituto de Estudios Peruanos. Archived from
705:
537:
449:
365:
141:
33:
1078:"In This Spat Between Bolivia and Peru, The Details Are in the Devils"
1800:
1725:[The control of the imaginary: theatralization of the party]
1439:
1362:"La diablada orureña se remonta a la época de los Urus precoloniales"
1217:"Municipio realiza actualización del avalúo para el bienio 2016-2017"
1025:"La diablada orureña se remonta a la época de los Urus precoloniales"
878:(in Spanish). La Paz, Bolivia: Editores Asociados S.A. 14 August 2009
724:
288:
198:
120:. Many scholars have concluded that the dance is descended from the
685:"Diccionario de la Lengua Española – Vigésima segunda edición"
496:, with a blouse, short skirt, sword, and shield. During the dance,
1693:"Sobre diablos y diabladas, A propósito de apreciaciones sesgadas"
1472:
of Oruro, mask pagan dance] (in Spanish). 2009. Archived from
708:, called that way by the mask and devil suit worn by the dancers).
515:
501:
497:
481:
467:
409:
322:
170:
109:
1970:(1 ed.). Austin, United States: University of Texas Press.
1368:
of Oruro goes back to the times of the Pre-Columbian Urus].
1031:
of Oruro goes back to the times of the Pre-Columbian Urus].
311:. There is also a version of the Diablada in Ecuador called the
206:
125:
395:
process has been cited as an influence on the emergence of the
1815:
as Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity
28:
A Diablada dance squad passing through the streets during the
1663:(in Spanish). year 8 (44). Lima, Peru: Editorial Los Pinos.
1374:(in Spanish). La Paz, Bolivia. 9 August 2009. Archived from
1197:] (in Spanish). Indiana, United States: Editorial Quipus
1121:"Candelaria una propuesta frente a una gran responsabilidad"
1037:(in Spanish). La Paz, Bolivia. 9 August 2009. Archived from
458:
Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity
195:
Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity
150:, where performers dressed like the devil in parades called
1723:"El control de lo imaginario: teatralización de la fiesta"
607:. The festival is descended from the celebrations for the
842:(Interview) (in Spanish). La Paz, Bolivia. Archived from
376:
and several Andean dances including the similarly-themed
403:, as believed by Garcilaso de la Vega. Peruvian scholar
1163:"La diablada, manzana de la discordia en el altiplano "
840:"Investigador afirma que la diablada surgió en Potosí "
790:"La diablada, manzana de la discordia en el altiplano "
488:, or devil women. They are followed by the personified
866:"Perú dice que la diablada no es exclusiva de Bolivia"
653:
Music-cultures in Contact: Convergences and Collisions
1894:] (in Spanish). Vol. 2. Caracas, Venezuela.
1731:
Módulo: Estudios de caso – Session 14, Lecture 3
1625:
of Oruro was already news in the 19th century].
1619:"La diablada orureña ya era noticia en el siglo XIX"
1505:[Current choreography of the devils dance].
1493:
1491:
906:
904:
327:"Struggle of the Diablada" as performed during the
307:that had been documented by 16th Century historian
72:
64:
51:
41:
833:
831:
829:
1554:"Danzas ceremoniales del área cultural del Norte"
1548:
1546:
552:. Some squads play only one melody or start the
1410:"El folclor de Chile y sus tres grandes raíces"
1239:
1237:
991:"La Diablada originada en Oruro – Bolivia"
599:In Chile, the Diablada is performed during the
250:
1884:(1980) . Fundacion Biblioteca Ayacucho (ed.).
1699:, speaking about biased interpretations].
356:as performed in the Catalonian communities of
1999:Obras Completas II. Investigación (1958-1991)
1811:Candidature Form for the proclamation of the
1797:Asociación de Conjuntos del Folklore de Oruro
1631:(in Spanish). La Paz, Bolivia. Archived from
1503:"Actual coreografía del baile de los diablos"
748:
746:
8:
2004:Complete Works II. Investigation (1958-1991)
1821:(in Spanish). Oruro, Bolivia. Archived from
1466:"La Diablada De Oruro, máscara danza pagana"
1119:Américo Valencia Chacon (3 September 2015).
838:Arancibia Andrade, Freddy (20 August 2009).
650:Kartomi, Margaret J.; Blum, Stephen (1994).
424:. The Altiplano region, particularly around
228:or the devil figure in the modern Diablada.
16:
1933:"The Sins of the Carnival Virgin (Bolivia)"
1892:The First New Chronicle and Good Government
1396:
1148:
935:Claure Covarrubias, Javier (January 2009).
432:, the main religious festival honoring the
295:region, who in turn were influenced by the
1922:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1846:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
224:, with that term eventually evolving into
22:
15:
1753:Rius i Mercade, Jordi (18 January 2008).
1691:Echevers Tórrez, Diego (3 October 2009).
997:originated in Oruro – Bolivia].
528:by the composer Froilán Zevillano of the
484:featuring Lucifer and Satan with several
287:, originated in the late 1500s among the
1887:El Primer Nueva Corónica y Buen Gobierno
962:[Andean mythology of the Urus].
896:
759:ReVista, Harvard Review of Latin America
757:[Dancing devils in Puno, Peru].
571:
364:. That dance depicts a struggle between
240:and were eventually consolidated as the
1161:Morales Serruto, José (3 August 2009).
788:Morales Serruto, José (3 August 2009).
642:
1915:
1839:
1165:(Interview) (in Spanish). Puno, Peru:
922:
792:(Interview) (in Spanish). Puno, Peru:
675:
673:
1779:"Dancing for the Virgin at La Tirana"
1324:
209:dedicated to the mythological figure
182:Primer Nueva Corónica y Buen Gobierno
7:
2044:Folklore's Group Association - Oruro
1597:. New York, New York. Archived from
1336:
1243:
220:Andes practiced a death cult called
140:, both originating in pre-Columbian
422:Latin American wars of independence
401:Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire
1348:
1266:
1254:
1059:
910:
872:is not exclusive of Bolivia].
753:Rubio Zapata, Miguel (Fall 2007).
700:(Typical dance from the region of
14:
2052:National Culture Institute - Peru
755:"Diablos Danzantes en Puno, Perú"
303:traditions surrounding the deity
1190:Máscaras de los Andes bolivianos
382:Danza de los diablicos de Túcume
1964:Salles-Reese, Verónica (1997).
1757:[Concomitances between the
1591:[Dance of the Devils].
1537:
548:and the second one is known as
472:Diablada dancers in Puno, Peru.
343:proposed a connection with the
179:party in the 17th century book
960:"Mitología andina de los urus"
79:region, Bolivia, South America
59:Andean bolivian, civilizations
1:
104:performed in Bolivia, in the
2029:Cultures Ministry of Bolivia
1882:Guamán Poma de Ayala, Felipe
1705:(in Spanish). Oruro, Bolivia
1001:(in Spanish). Archived from
966:(in Spanish). Archived from
430:Bolivian War of Independence
1996:(2004). LibrosEnRed (ed.).
1282:; Serna, Mercedes (2000) .
1195:Masks of the Bolivian Andes
1106:"Memoria Chilena diabladas"
399:in Peru, shortly after the
187:Felipe Guamán Poma de Ayala
2126:
765:(1): 66–67. Archived from
112:and other characters from
1785:updated February 17, 2017
1649:Cuentas Ormachea, Enrique
923:Guaman Poma de Ayala 1615
378:Baile de Diablos de Cobán
309:Inca Garcilaso de la Vega
94:
21:
1783:Catholics & Cultures
1136:"La diablada como danza"
868:[Peru says that the
456:was declared one of the
416:Post-independence period
1866:The dance of the devils
1861:La danza de los diablos
1513:The dance of the devils
1508:La danza de los diablos
1083:The Wall Street Journal
626:Fiesta de la Candelaria
550:the Devil's Mecapaqueña
434:Virgin of the Candlemas
370:archangel Saint Michael
337:La danza de los diablos
238:Spanish colonial period
2090:Native American dances
1695:[About devils and
1134:Luis Valverde Caldas.
681:Real Academia Española
580:
541:
473:
332:
268:
203:cultural appropriation
190:
124:dance in honor of the
1994:Santa Cruz, Nicomedes
1635:on September 27, 2009
1589:"Dance of the Devils"
1397:Cuentas Ormachea 1986
1280:De la Vega, Garcilaso
1149:Cuentas Ormachea 1986
575:
519:
471:
326:
174:
167:Pre-Columbian origins
2100:Carnivals in Bolivia
1931:Harris, Max (2003).
1416:on 11 September 2008
989:Ríos, Edwin (2009).
958:Ríos, Edwin (2009).
897:Echevers Tórrez 2009
611:that began in 1540.
520:1862 partiture of a
405:Nicomedes Santa Cruz
136:ritual to the demon
91:Danza de los Diablos
89:, also known as the
1856:Fortún, Julia Elena
1587:(17 October 2013).
1499:Fortún, Julia Elena
1244:Rius I Mercade 2005
970:on 24 December 2009
937:"El Tío de la mina"
846:on 4 September 2009
631:Fiesta de La Tirana
601:Fiesta de La Tirana
593:Fiesta de La Tirana
560:Regional variations
446:Fiesta de la Tirana
393:autos sacramentales
389:autos sacramentales
273:Fiesta de La Tirana
197:policy promoted by
95:Dance of the Devils
18:
2034:2009-10-11 at the
1828:on 4 November 2009
1617:(23 August 2009).
1601:on 29 October 2013
1294:Royal Commentaries
1289:Comentarios Reales
1076:(21 August 2009).
819:2009-11-04 at the
581:
542:
474:
341:Julia Elena Fortún
333:
313:Diablada pillareña
191:
2105:Festivals in Peru
1977:978-0-292-77713-2
1948:978-0-292-70191-5
1813:Carnaval de Oruro
1721:(December 2002).
1378:on 13 August 2011
1337:Salles-Reese 1997
1041:on 13 August 2011
1005:on 15 August 2009
621:Carnaval de Oruro
490:seven deadly sins
454:Carnaval de Oruro
380:in Guatemala and
329:Carnival of Oruro
319:Spanish influence
242:Carnaval de Oruro
83:
82:
2117:
2056:
2048:
2040:
2017:
1989:
1960:
1927:
1921:
1913:
1877:
1851:
1845:
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1833:
1827:
1820:
1777:Thomas M Landy,
1774:
1772:
1770:
1749:
1747:
1745:
1739:
1728:
1714:
1712:
1710:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1678:on June 16, 2010
1677:
1671:. Archived from
1644:
1642:
1640:
1615:Cajías, Fernando
1610:
1608:
1606:
1585:Eckels, Charlene
1570:
1569:
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1456:
1455:
1449:
1447:
1432:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1406:
1400:
1399:, pp. 35–36, 45.
1394:
1388:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1358:
1352:
1346:
1340:
1334:
1328:
1325:Santa Cruz, 2004
1322:
1316:
1315:
1276:
1270:
1264:
1258:
1252:
1246:
1241:
1232:
1231:
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1228:
1219:. Archived from
1213:
1207:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1184:
1178:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1158:
1152:
1151:, pp. 35–36, 45.
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835:
824:
811:
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741:
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734:
732:
717:
711:
710:
694:
692:
677:
668:
667:
647:
609:Virgin of Carmen
579:from Puno, Peru.
436:was replaced by
266:
207:Uru civilization
96:
26:
19:
2125:
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2036:Wayback Machine
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1740:on 19 July 2011
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452:. In 2001, the
418:
397:Diablada puneña
374:Ball de diables
353:Ball de diables
321:
285:Diablada puneña
277:Diablos sueltos
267:
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248:of that name.
175:Depiction of a
169:
164:
156:Potosi, Bolivia
37:
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5:
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2110:Carnival music
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2080:Chilean dances
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2019:
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2055:(in Spanish)
2047:(in Spanish)
2039:(in Spanish)
2003:
1998:
1966:
1937:
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1865:
1860:
1830:. Retrieved
1823:the original
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1767:. Retrieved
1762:
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1735:the original
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1700:
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1682:November 24,
1680:. Retrieved
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1633:the original
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1558:the original
1538:Gisbert 2002
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1414:the original
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1376:the original
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1221:the original
1211:
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1194:
1189:
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1172:27 September
1170:. Retrieved
1156:
1144:
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1086:. p. A1
1081:
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1055:
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1039:the original
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1019:
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1003:the original
998:
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984:
972:. Retrieved
968:the original
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941:. Retrieved
930:
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873:
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860:
848:. Retrieved
844:the original
809:
799:27 September
797:. Retrieved
783:
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767:the original
762:
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729:. Retrieved
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271:for Chile's
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151:
145:
118:colonial era
90:
86:
84:
1769:10 December
1639:10 December
1349:Harris 2003
1267:Fortún 1961
1255:Fortún 1961
999:Mi Carnaval
964:Mi Carnaval
913:, pp.10-17.
882:10 December
691:30 November
554:Mecapaqueña
524:tune named
486:China Supay
254:llama llama
246:modern city
216:Llama llama
122:Llama llama
2064:Categories
1832:11 January
1605:27 October
1480:9 December
1420:9 December
1227:2010-02-19
1201:24 October
1009:13 January
974:13 January
943:13 January
773:24 October
637:References
233:syncretism
152:Diabladas.
132:, and the
102:folk dance
93:(English:
46:Folk dance
1918:cite book
1842:cite book
1763:Diabladas
1709:8 January
1702:La Patria
1697:Diabladas
1669:0253-0015
1655:[The
1621:[The
1578:Articles:
1468:[The
1446:3 October
1364:[The
1327:, p. 285.
1090:4 October
1027:[The
993:[The
875:La Prensa
850:2 October
731:3 October
605:La Tirana
546:the March
384:in Peru.
362:Tarragona
305:Anchanchu
177:Collasuyu
138:Anchanchu
106:Altiplano
97:), is an
77:Altiplano
2032:Archived
1986:34722267
1957:52208546
1858:(1961).
1799:(2001).
1761:and the
1657:Diablada
1628:La Razón
1623:Diablada
1501:(1961).
1470:Diablada
1371:La Razón
1366:Diablada
1312:46420337
1284:"XXVIII"
1269:, p. 24.
1257:, p. 23.
1034:La Razón
1029:Diablada
995:Diablada
925:, p.235.
870:Diablada
817:Archived
683:(2001).
615:See also
522:Diablada
438:Carnival
368:and the
348:entremés
263:—
258:diablada
87:Diablada
52:Inventor
30:Carnival
17:Diablada
1910:8184767
1874:3346627
1803:(ed.).
1744:8 April
1564:8 April
1540:, p. 9.
1525:3346627
1382:9 April
1045:9 April
706:Bolivia
595:(Chile)
577:Diablos
538:Bolivia
450:Iquique
366:Lucifer
358:Penedès
350:called
345:Catalan
301:Aymaran
297:Jesuits
244:in the
231:Due to
162:History
142:Bolivia
134:Aymaran
34:Bolivia
2010:
1984:
1974:
1955:
1945:
1908:
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1872:
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1801:UNESCO
1667:
1594:Yareah
1523:
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1442:. 2001
1440:UNESCO
1310:
1300:
1167:Correo
1062:, p.3.
794:Correo
727:. 2001
725:UNESCO
660:
568:(Peru)
526:Déjame
502:demons
498:angels
289:Lupaka
199:UNESCO
99:Andean
73:Origin
2002:[
1890:[
1864:[
1826:(PDF)
1819:(PDF)
1809:[
1790:Books
1738:(PDF)
1727:(PDF)
1676:(PNG)
1517:(DOC)
1511:[
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704:, in
702:Oruro
534:Oruro
512:Music
482:krewe
410:Tinku
226:supay
222:cupay
110:devil
68:1500s
42:Genre
2008:ISBN
1982:OCLC
1972:ISBN
1953:OCLC
1943:ISBN
1924:link
1906:OCLC
1896:ISBN
1870:OCLC
1848:link
1834:2010
1771:2009
1746:2010
1711:2010
1684:2009
1665:ISSN
1641:2009
1607:2013
1566:2010
1521:OCLC
1482:2009
1448:2009
1422:2009
1384:2010
1308:OCLC
1298:ISBN
1203:2009
1174:2009
1092:2009
1047:2010
1011:2010
976:2010
945:2010
884:2009
852:2009
801:2009
775:2009
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658:ISBN
500:and
478:siku
360:and
293:Puno
128:god
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256:or
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