337:, by slaughter, drowning and burning (or again: "by iron, water and fire"), and that the signs of his death will be a shirt grown from a single seed of flax, a mantle made of wool from a single sheep, ale brewed from one seed of corn, and bacon from a sow which has never farrowed. On a circuit of Ireland, Diarmait comes to the hall of BanbĂĄn at RĂĄith Bec, and there the fate of which he was warned comes to pass. Diarmuid dies a triple death: the roof beam of Tara has been recovered from the sea by BanbĂĄn and set in his hall, the shirt and mantle and ale and bacon are duly produced for Diarmait. Diarmait goes to leave BanbĂĄn's hall, but Ăed Dub, waiting at the door, strikes him down and sets fire to the hall. Diarmait crawls into an ale vat to escape the flames and is duly killed by the falling roof beam. Thus, all the prophecies are fulfilled.
388:
would not venture to lay a hand upon his head unless
Findchan, who was greatly attached to Aedh in a carnal way, should first place his right hand on his head as a mark of approval. When such an ordination afterwards became known to the saint, he was deeply grieved, and in consequence forthwith pronounced this fearful sentence on the ill-fated Findchan and Aedh... And Aedh, thus irregularly ordained, shall return as a dog to his vomit, and be again a bloody murderer, until at length, pierced in the neck with a spear, he shall fall from a tree into the water and be drowned... But Aedh the Black, a priest only in name, betaking himself again to his former evil doings, and being treacherously wounded with a spear, fell from the prow of a boat into a lake and was drowned.
149:. Yet of Niall's own historicity there is little reason to doubt. His descendants quarrelled incessantly among themselves after the manner of most Irish dynastic families and had no cause to invent a common ancestry, since by unanimous testimony the high-kingship of Tara prior to Niall's days had not been the preserve of any one tribe or family. By the end of the fifth century, however, it was well on the way to becoming so. Niall's sons and grandsons proclaimed their intention of monopolising it to the exclusion of their western cousins by discarding the tribal appellation of Connachta and adopting the dynastic name
29:
405:. This is a sin against the priestly function of Indo-European society. Aedh's second sin is murder; he has killed numerous people, most notably King Diarmuid. This is a sin against the warrior function. Aedh's last sin is against the productive/fertile function in Indo-European society, he has slept with another manâan act which is by its very nature unfertile. This is again the mythic three-fold death, and probably signifies that there was some manner of traditional account of Ăed Dub. From AdomnĂĄn's account it can be surmised that Ăed was deposed, or abdicated, and spent time in
342:
splendor... had an affair with Flann, so
Diarmuid had Flann's fortress burnt over his head. Sorely wounded, Flann tried to escape the flames by crawling into a vat of water where he drowned... Bec Mac De prophesied that Diarmuid would be killed by Flann's kinsman, Aedh Dubh in the house of Banban... The manner of his death would be by slaughter, by burning, by drowning and by the ridge pole of a roof falling on his head... The Prophecy seemed so unlikely that Diarmuid scorned it, even when Banban invited him to a feast... Aedh Dubh was there and stabbed the
294:, writing less than 150 years after Diarmait's death, describes him as "ordained by God's will as king of all Ireland." Given that the annals say that Diarmait celebrated the Feast of Tara, the pagan inauguration ceremony, AdomnĂĄn's words represent his view of kingship rather than the reality of Diarmait's life. Most traditions portray Diarmait as in conflict with saints and holy men, notably Columba. A later poet has Diarmait say "Woe to him that contends with the clergy of the churches".
172:(the Children of ColmĂĄn the Great) in Mide with their centre in the heart of modern Westmeath. The former are more prominent in the seventh century, but after the death of CinĂĄed mac Ărgalaig in 728 all the high-kings of the Southern UĂ NĂ©ill come from the Clann CholmĂĄin except for a brief period between 944 and 956 when the king of Knowth, Congalach Cnogba, restored the high-kingship to the Brega line.
109:, and that the recording moved to somewhere in the midlands of Ireland only around 740. Although it is thus possible that the records of Diarmait's times in the annals are nearly contemporary, the later history of the annals is complex and much debated, so that it is uncertain to what extent surviving late annals such as the
393:
dispenses to Aedh because of his sins. This leads to the next element common in many 'Triple-death' stories, the sins of the warrior. According to
Dumezil, the warrior often commits a sin against each one of the functions. He is punished for each sin, with a punishment fitting for his crime. In this passage from the
387:
had been a very bloodthirsty man, and cruelly murdered many persons, amongst others
Diarmuid, son of Cerbul, by divine appointment king of all. This same Aedh, then, after spending some time in his retirement, was irregularly ordained priest by a bishop invited for the purpose... The bishop, however,
341:
When the king sent men to arrest Aedh, St. Ronan hid him and so
Diarmuid had Ronan arrested and tried in his stead. He was condemned by the ecclasiastics for this act and Ronan himself uttered the famous curse, 'Desolate be Tara forever!' Soon after, Tara was abandoned, never to achieve its former
274:
According to the later Irish historians, Diarmait was followed as King of Tara by
Domnall Ilchegalch and Forguss, sons of Muirchertach mac Ercae, of the Cenél nEógain. More contemporary sources suggest that the Kingship of Tara all but disappeared in the years following Diarmait's death, and that it
351:
Both of the elements which Evans discusses are present in this story of
Diarmuid's death. In this story, there is a prophecy of the threefold death before it occurs. In fact, Diarmuid's death is foretold by three different men in the original story. Diarmuid has also clearly violated two of the
175:
It is remarkable that the SĂl nĂedo SlĂĄine and Clann CholmĂĄin derive their origin, not directly from Niall NoĂgiallach, but from his great-grandson
Diarmait mac Cerbaill. The annals date Diarmait's reign as high-king from about 544 to 565. The petty Uà Néill kings of Cenél nArdgail traced their
392:
This story of triple-death corresponds to the elements which Evans finds in a whole host of similar stories. In all of these stories, the tripartite death is foretold. Here St. Columba foretells the triple death of Aedh. At the same time
Columba's prophecy is a curse or a punishment which he
187:
or 'crooked mouth'. His grandfather Conall son of Niall was nicknamed
Cremthainne (possibly denoting fosterage among the Uà Chremthainn of Airgialla), to distinguish him from his brother Conall Gulban, ancestor of the Cenél Conaill. The habit of giving the same name to different sons remained
363:
Like tales are told of Muirchertach mac Ercae and AdomnĂĄn records that Columba prophesied a similar death, by wounding, falling and drowning, for Ăed Dub. There are a number of stories in Celtic mythology that clearly are formed by the Tripartite functions of Proto-Indo-European. The theme of
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were kept as a contemporary record from no later than the middle of the 7th century, and may be rather older as it has been argued that many late 6th century entries have the appearance of contemporary recording. There is general agreement that the annals are largely based, in their earliest
176:
ancestry to an uncle of Diarmait's, but never won the high kingship. Besides ColmĂĄin MĂĄr and Ăed SlĂĄine, Diarmait had a third son ColmĂĄin Bec, whose descendants, the dynasty of CaĂlle Follamain, ruled an area corresponding to the baronies of Fore, between Mide and Brega.
40:
and Diarmait mac Cerbaill founding Clonmacnoise: "Then CiarĂĄn planted the first stake, and Diarmait son of Cerball was along with him. Said CiarĂĄn to Diarmait when setting the stake, 'Let, O warrior, thy hand be over my hand, and thou shalt be in sovranty over the men of
231:
belonging to Finnian, and the matter of ownership of the copy had come to be settled by Diarmait, who adjudged in Finnian's favour, reportedly saying "o every cow its calf and to every book its copy." Columba sought support from his kinsmen among the
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with his spear. Wounded, Diarmuid fled back into the house. Aedh Dubh's men set fire to it. Seeking to escape the flame, Diarmuid scrambled into a vat of ale. A burning ridge pole fell on to his head. The prophecy was fulfilled (Ellis, 84).
124:
Diarmait mac Cerbaill was the last to hold the sacral kingship of Tara. He has also some title to be ranked as the first Christian high-king of Ireland. Two of his sons bore the specifically Christian name of ColmĂĄn, deriving from the Latin
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gives the prophecy that Diarmait will be killed by the roof-beam of his hall at Tara. Diarmait has the beam cast into the sea. Diarmait then asks his druids to find the manner of his death, and they foretell that he will die a
240:
of the northern UĂ NĂ©ill who went to war with Diarmait. This is a late tradition, and annalistic accounts claim that the battle was fought over Diarmait's killing of Diarmait of CurnĂĄn, son of
417:
for 588 — the Annals of Tigernach place it in 579 — may contain some traces of this as it reports the killing of Ăed aboard a ship. This is thought to have taken place on
200:
record that Diarmait celebrated the Feast of Tara, his inauguration as King, in 558 or 560. The previous King of Tara, according to the earliest lists, was Ăengarb, an
364:
triple-death occurs in several places in medieval Celtic sources. The Tripartite death of Aedh is linked with another story of triple-death, which comes from the
1212:
1112:
360:. Diarmuid also murders Flann, a violation of the warrior function. Diarmuid is punished for his transgressions by the triple nature of his death.
86:
While many later stories were attached to Diarmait, he was a historical ruler and his descendants were of great significance in Medieval Ireland.
20:
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fences being created at the battle of CĂșl Dreimne. The main subject for later writers and poets however, was not Diarmait's life but his death.
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157:. As a great-grandson of Niall, Diarmait and his descendants were counted among the UĂ NĂ©ill, the name meaning "descendants of Niall".
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223:) in 560 or 561. This was the "Battle of the Books", supposedly the result of Diarmait's judgement in a dispute between Columba and
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by race. Aedh wore the clerical habit, and came with the purpose of residing with him in the monastery for some years. Now this
129:. This ambivalent character, together with the fact that he was the direct ancestor of the two most powerful dynasties of the
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Diarmait's immediate origins are obscure and may arouse some suspicion. In spite of his patronymic (Latinised by AdomnĂĄn as
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as well as Genealogies, and various Saints' Lives. Most are translated into English, or translations are in progress.
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Supernatural features in Diarmait's reign are not limited to prose and verse works or to lives of saints. Even the
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146:
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Connon, Anne (2005), "Prosopography II: A Prosopography of the Early Queens of Tara", in Bhreathnach, Edel (ed.),
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Seanchas. Studies in Early and Medieval Irish Archaeology, History and Literature in Honour of Francis J. Byrne
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Byrne, p. 95. A recent work on the battle is Brian Lacey, "The battle of CĂșl Dreimne â a reassessment" in the
301:("Woe to him who contends with the clergy of the churches") in the Book of Leinster, is ascribed to Diarmait.
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before, presumably, returning to Ulster to try to regain his throne. The report of Ăed Dub's death in the
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Following this defeat, Diarmait lost the battle of CĂșil Uinsen to Ăed mac BrĂ©nainn, king of Tethbae in
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at MĂłin Daire Lothair in 563. He was killed in 565, probably at RĂĄith Bec in Mag Line (Moylinny, near
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208:. What followed the inauguration was "a surprisingly unpropitious reign for so famous a king".
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938:? The emergence of Clann CholmĂĄin, sixth–eighth centuries", in Smyth, Alfred P. (ed.),
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981:, A New History of Ireland, vol. I, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 182â234,
844:, A New History of Ireland, vol. I, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 301â330,
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https://archive.org/stream/lifeofsaintcolum00adamuoft/lifeofsaintcolum00adamuoft_djvu.txt
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747:, Translated Texts for Historians, vol. 44, Liverpool: Liverpool University Press,
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328:, Diarmait's foster-son, will be his killer. Accordingly, Diarmait banishes Ăed Dub.
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three functions. He sins against the sanctity of the priestly function, by trying
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33:
840:(2005), "The church in Irish society, 400–800", in Ă CrĂłinĂn, DĂĄibhĂ (ed.),
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Mallory, J. P., Adams, Douglass Q., Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, Pg. 635
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1333:
1295:
418:
977:Ă CrĂłinĂn, DĂĄibhĂ (2005), "Ireland 400–800", in Ă CrĂłinĂn, DĂĄibhĂ (ed.),
183:) the genealogical tradition says that his father's name was Fergus, nicknamed
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216:
126:
912:
Mac ShamhrĂĄin, Ailbhe; Byrne, Paul (2005), "Prosopography I: Kings named in
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353:
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Ireland and Early Europe: Essays and Occasional Writings on Art and Culture
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Wiley, Dan M. (2004), "Aided DĂarmata meic Cerbaill (Book of UĂ Maine)",
252:
64:
1067:
Wiley, Dan M. (2004), "Aided DĂarmata meic Cerbaill (Book of Lismore)",
898:, The Gill History of Ireland, vol. 1, Dublin: Gill and Macmillan,
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common among the prolific Irish princes until the sixteenth century.
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every three years to pass or renew laws, approve annals and records.
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Byrne, pp. 99–100; AdomnĂĄn, I, 36; Ă CrĂłinĂn, pp. 64–65.
1089:
Wiley, Dan M. (2004), "Comlond DĂarmata meic Cerbaill fri RĂșadĂĄn",
722:
Byrne, Paul (2005), "Diarmait mac Cerbaill", in Duffy, SeĂĄn (ed.),
204:
meaning "extremely rough", presumed to refer to Diarmait's kinsman
160:
The two great Southern UĂ NĂ©ill dynasties of the midlands were the
63:. According to traditions, he was the last High King to follow the
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260:
27:
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AdomnĂĄn, I, 36, places Ăed's exile after the killing of Diarmait.
255:. Diarmait played no part in the great UĂ NĂ©ill victory over the
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72:
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1184:
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Wiley, Dan M. (2004), "Orgguin TrĂ Mac DĂarmata mic Cerbaill",
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contemporary records, on a chronicle kept at the monastery on
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and the AirgĂalla Charter Poem", in Bhreathnach, Edel (ed.),
379:
Aedh, surnamed the Black, descended of a royal family, and a
32:
Scene from the east face of the Cross of the Scriptures,
860:
CenĂ©l Conaill and the Donegal Kingdoms AD 500–800
761:
Charles-Edwards, T. M. (2004), "Diarmait mac Cerbaill (
1027:
Wiley, Dan M. (2005), "Aideda", in Duffy, SeĂĄn (ed.),
537:
Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland
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1226:
566:
AdomnĂĄn, I, 36 and editor's note 157; Byrne, p. 97.
701:
133:, made him an obvious figure for saga and legend.
75:. The last High King to observe the ancient pagan
920:, Dublin: Four Courts Press, pp. 159â224,
805:, Dublin: Four Courts Press, pp. 225â327,
583:at CELT. No translation is presently available.
283:, that there was a High King of Ireland again.
141:Diarmait was the son of Fergus Cerrbél, son of
1206:
942:, Dublin: Four Courts Press, pp. 83â97,
683:, Dublin: Four Courts Press, pp. 49â68,
557:Byrne, pp. 104–105 & 276–277.
356:. For this crime Ronan curses the throne at
227:. Columba, it is said, had secretly copied a
8:
708:(2nd ed.), Dublin: Four Courts Press,
575:Byrne, pp. 95–96. The poem is in the
397:, three specific sins are mentioned. Aedh
1213:
1199:
1191:
509:
507:
401:by being ordained a priest outside of the
121:faithfully reproduce the earlier records.
1019:Lives of saints, from the Book of Lismore
878:The Oxford Dictionary of Celtic Mythology
787:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
726:, New York: Routledge, pp. 125â127,
94:It is believed that the earliest of the
79:or Assembly of Tara which took place on
1031:, New York: Routledge, pp. 10â11,
768:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
466:, p. 276. Needs ref for identification.
455:
36:. The figures probably represent Saint
21:Diarmait mac Cerbaill (King of Osraige)
1221:Kings of Ireland, circa 549–1175
961:Early Medieval Ireland: 400–1200
7:
248:who was under Columba's protection.
997:AdomnĂĄn of Iona: Life of St Columba
880:, Oxford: Oxford University Press,
918:The Kingship and Landscape of Tara
803:The Kingship and Landscape of Tara
681:The Kingship and Landscape of Tara
673:NĂell cĂĄich Ășa NĂ©ill nasctar gĂ©ill
14:
1029:Medieval Ireland: An Encyclopedia
771:, Oxford: Oxford University Press
724:Medieval Ireland: An Encyclopedia
299:Mairg thochras fri cléirchib cell
1435:MĂĄel Sechnaill mac MĂĄele Ruanaid
1141:CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts
445:CaĂlle Follamain from ColmĂĄn Bec
16:6th century High King of Ireland
934:Mac ShamhrĂĄin, Ailbhe (2000), "
783:Charles-Edwards, T. M. (2000),
679:", in Bhreathnach, Edel (ed.),
640:Columba, I. 29. Retrieved from
98:which came to make up the lost
1173:of McCarthy's synchronisms at
894:Mac Niocaill, GearĂłid (1972),
1:
979:Prehistoric and Early Ireland
862:, Dublin: Four Courts Press,
842:Prehistoric and Early Ireland
823:, Dublin: Four Courts Press,
610:P.-Y. Lambert, 2012, p. 351,
211:Diarmait was defeated at the
164:(the Seed of Ăedo of Slane),
67:rituals of inauguration, the
49:
1475:MĂĄel Sechnaill mac Domnaill
675:: The Political Context of
305:Prophetic Death of Diarmait
1577:
1556:6th-century Irish monarchs
1510:Muirchertach Mac Lochlainn
1149:Corpus of Electronic Texts
999:, Harmondsworth: Penguin,
896:Ireland before the Vikings
704:Irish Kings and High-Kings
275:was not until the time of
147:Niall of the Nine Hostages
18:
1505:Toirdelbach Ua Conchobair
1022:, Oxford: Clarendon Press
914:Baile Chuinn Chétchathaig
876:MacKillop, James (1998),
677:Baile Chuinn Chétchathaig
1485:Diarmait mac MaĂl na mBĂł
1239:Forggus mac Muirchertaig
995:Sharpe, Richard (1995),
745:The Chronicle of Ireland
19:Not to be confused with
1551:6th-century Irish poets
1414:Fedelmid mac Crimthainn
1409:Conchobar mac Donnchada
1253:BĂĄetĂĄn mac Muirchertaig
1145:University College Cork
1114:The Cycles of the Kings
1092:The Cycles of the Kings
1070:The Cycles of the Kings
1048:The Cycles of the Kings
785:Early Christian Ireland
622:Byrne, pp. 97–99.
313:include a reference to
271:, king of the Cruthin.
1495:Muirchertach Ua Briain
1175:Trinity College Dublin
819:De Paor, Liam (1997),
741:Charles-Edwards, T. M.
390:
349:
42:
1541:High Kings of Ireland
1515:RuaidrĂ Ua Conchobair
1490:Toirdelbach Ua Briain
1359:Fergal mac MĂĄele DĂșin
1234:Diarmait mac Cerbaill
858:Lacey, Brian (2006),
377:
339:
213:battle of CĂșl Dreimne
168:in the east, and the
46:Diarmait mac Cerbaill
31:
1500:Domnall Ua Lochlainn
1464:RuaidrĂ ua CanannĂĄin
1272:Fiachnae mac BĂĄetĂĄin
1257:Eochaid mac Domnaill
936:Nebulae discutiuntur
539:, volume 133 (2003).
320:Diarmait is told by
281:Fiachnae mac BĂĄetĂĄin
137:Descendants of Niall
101:Chronicle of Ireland
61:High King of Ireland
1536:Cycles of the Kings
1364:Cathal mac Finguine
1181:The Death of Dermot
1121:on 2 September 2006
1099:on 2 September 2006
1077:on 2 September 2006
1055:on 2 September 2006
963:, London: Longman,
698:Byrne, Francis John
644:on 24 December 2008
395:Life of St. Columba
198:Annals of Tigernach
170:Clann CholmĂĄin MĂĄir
118:Annals of Tigernach
73:goddess of the land
1344:FĂnsnechta Fledach
1301:Ăengus mac ColmĂĄin
1267:Ăed mac Ainmuirech
1262:BĂĄetĂĄn mac Cairill
1243:Domnall Ilchelgach
1161:Chronicon Scotorum
269:Ăed Dub mac Suibni
225:Finnian of Moville
143:Conall Cremthainne
43:
1523:
1522:
1354:Congal Cennmagair
957:Ă CrĂłinĂn, DĂĄibhĂ
669:Bhreathnach, Edel
579:and is available
287:Saints and Druids
131:Southern UĂ NĂ©ill
1568:
1561:Irish male poets
1470:Domnall ua NĂ©ill
1460:Congalach Cnogba
1428:Kings of Ireland
1306:Domnall mac Ăedo
1215:
1208:
1201:
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1165:Book of Leinster
1157:the Four Masters
1153:Annals of Ulster
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1128:
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1117:, archived from
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1106:
1104:
1095:, archived from
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1084:
1082:
1073:, archived from
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1051:, archived from
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838:Hughes, Kathleen
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577:Book of Leinster
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431:SĂl nĂedo SlĂĄine
415:Annals of Ulster
279:, or perhaps of
277:Domnall mac Ăedo
246:King of Connacht
206:Tuathal Maelgarb
162:SĂl nĂedo SlĂĄine
112:Annals of Ulster
54:
51:
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335:threefold death
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292:AdomnĂĄn of Iona
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181:filius Cerbulis
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1480:Brian BĂłruma
1419:Niall Caille
1404:Ăed Oirdnide
1389:Domnall Midi
1311:Congal CĂĄech
1281:ColmĂĄn RĂmid
1233:
1164:
1160:
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1152:
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1123:, retrieved
1119:the original
1113:
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366:Life of St.
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330:Saint RuadĂĄn
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311:Irish annals
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221:County Sligo
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96:Irish annals
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85:
77:Feis Temrach
68:
57:King of Tara
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34:Clonmacnoise
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1445:Flann Sinna
1339:Cenn FĂĄelad
1334:Sechnassach
1320:Conall CĂłel
1296:Suibne Menn
515:Irish Kings
499:Irish Kings
486:Irish Kings
425:Descendants
419:Lough Neagh
1546:565 deaths
1530:Categories
1277:Ăed SlĂĄine
450:References
441:ColmĂĄn MĂĄr
399:blasphemes
381:Cruthinian
322:Bec mac DĂ©
219:in modern
217:Ben Bulben
127:Columbanus
53: 565
41:Ireland.'"
1384:Ăed AllĂĄn
1369:Fogartach
1349:Loingsech
1291:MĂĄel Coba
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671:(2005), "
411:monastery
354:St. Ronan
344:High King
145:, son of
1329:Blathmac
1325:Diarmait
1248:Ainmuire
1163:and the
1016:(1890),
959:(1995),
743:(2006),
700:(2001),
517:, p. 90.
501:, p. 87.
488:, p. 71.
462:Stokes,
297:A poem,
253:Leinster
236:and the
151:UĂ NĂ©ill
69:ban-feis
1316:Cellach
1125:2 March
1103:2 March
1081:2 March
1059:2 March
775:6 March
513:Byrne,
497:Byrne,
484:Byrne,
407:Britain
368:Columba
326:Ăed Dub
257:Cruthin
202:epithet
185:Cerrbél
90:Sources
81:Samhain
1374:CinĂĄed
1159:, the
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265:Ulster
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38:CiarĂĄn
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324:that
315:druid
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261:Larne
192:Reign
65:pagan
1327:and
1318:and
1279:and
1255:and
1241:and
1155:and
1127:2007
1105:2007
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1033:ISBN
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922:ISBN
900:ISBN
882:ISBN
864:ISBN
846:ISBN
825:ISBN
807:ISBN
789:ISBN
777:2008
749:ISBN
728:ISBN
710:ISBN
685:ISBN
581:here
358:Tara
229:book
196:The
115:and
107:Iona
1183:at
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