381:
358:
255:
280:
2830:
632:
2875:
2860:
2845:
639:
2815:
2800:
387:
286:
2890:
1698:
degenerative lumbar disc disease. As an adjuvant to allograft bone or as a replacement for harvested autograft, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) appear to improve fusion rates after spinal arthrodesis in both animal models and humans, while reducing the donor-site morbidity previously associated with such procedures.
1701:
A study published in 2011 noted "reports of frequent and occasionally catastrophic complications associated with use of in spinal fusion surgeries", with a level of risk far in excess of estimates reported in earlier studies. An additional review by
Agrawal and Sinha of BMP-2 and its common delivery
40:
1697:
The use of dual tapered threaded fusion cages and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 on an absorbable collagen sponge obtained and maintained intervertebral spinal fusion, improved clinical outcomes, and reduced pain after anterior lumbar interbody arthrodesis in patients with
66:
1693:
carriers ("metals, ceramics, polymers, and composites") and delivery systems ("hydrogel, microsphere, nanoparticles, and fibers"). While used primarily in orthopedic procedures such as spinal fusion, BMP-2 has also found its way into the field of dentistry.
1702:
systems in early 2016 showed how "problems like ectopic growth, lesser protein delivery, inactivation of the protein" reveal a further need "to modify the available carrier systems as well as explore other biomaterials with desired properties."
2364:
Burkus JK, Gornet MF, Schuler TC, Kleeman TJ, Zdeblick TA (May 2009). "Six-year outcomes of anterior lumbar interbody arthrodesis with use of interbody fusion cages and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2".
3502:
2520:
Schliephake H, Aref A, Scharnweber D, Bierbaum S, Roessler S, Sewing A (October 2005). "Effect of immobilized bone morphogenic protein 2 coating of titanium implants on peri-implant bone formation".
2485:
Schlegel KA, Thorwarth M, Plesinac A, Wiltfang J, Rupprecht S (December 2006). "Expression of bone matrix proteins during the osseus healing of topical conditioned implants: an experimental study".
2829:
3495:
394:
293:
3488:
3469:
2930:
3230:
2951:
1599:
2874:
2859:
1332:
5128:
3367:
3361:
3356:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
2586:
1313:
216:
2844:
2814:
2799:
5060:
2638:
Nickel J, Dreyer MK, Kirsch T, Sebald W (2001). "The crystal structure of the BMP-2:BMPR-IA complex and the generation of BMP-2 antagonists".
2146:"Bone morphogenetic protein receptor complexes on the surface of live cells: a new oligomerization mode for serine/threonine kinase receptors"
2015:
Nickel J, Dreyer MK, Kirsch T, Sebald W (2001). "The crystal structure of the BMP-2:BMPR-IA complex and the generation of BMP-2 antagonists".
5118:
2779:
1778:
2587:"A critical review of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 trials in spinal surgery: emerging safety concerns and lessons learned"
2556:
3183:
1760:
5123:
3033:
380:
3275:
1539:
2739:
1798:"Bovine osteogenic protein is composed of dimers of OP-1 and BMP-2A, two members of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily"
1631:
1532:
2889:
357:
2923:
2282:
Khan SN, Lane JM (May 2004). "The use of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) in orthopaedic applications".
4979:
4405:
4049:
3745:
3600:
3415:
3138:
2973:
1747:
1726:
279:
254:
2692:
Marie PJ, Debiais F, Haÿ E (2002). "Regulation of human cranial osteoblast phenotype by FGF-2, FGFR-2 and BMP-2 signaling".
1743:
63:
4811:
4647:
4512:
4395:
4297:
4223:
4035:
3926:
3590:
3425:
3098:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
2745:
1722:
5133:
4937:
4847:
4368:
3525:
3511:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
1796:
Sampath TK, Coughlin JE, Whetstone RM, Banach D, Corbett C, Ridge RJ, Ozkaynak E, Oppermann H, Rueger DC (August 1990).
196:
1108:
positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus
2916:
1656:
1615:
2655:
Kawamura C, Kizaki M, Ikeda Y (2002). "Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 induces apoptosis in human myeloma cells".
393:
292:
4779:
4599:
4476:
4175:
3821:
3714:
3575:
3377:
3041:
1672:
1623:
1619:
2557:"Medtronic's spinal fusion product shown to be harmful in bold review by medical journal and its Stanford editors"
4923:
3816:
3704:
3160:
2943:
2772:
386:
285:
3258:
3203:
3187:
2732:
1641:
1377:
204:
5138:
1358:
2617:
2728:
268:
2765:
2205:
2051:
2097:"BMP-2 antagonists emerge from alterations in the low-affinity binding epitope for receptor BMPR-II"
183:
5070:
3310:
2995:
2751:
4264:
3875:
3778:
2247:
Geiger M, Li RH, Friess W (November 2003). "Collagen sponges for bone regeneration with rhBMP-2".
5020:
4895:
3658:
3517:
3385:
3174:
2680:
2564:
2307:
2229:
2077:
1862:
228:
4852:
4695:
4534:
4249:
1515:
1494:
1468:
1447:
4453:
4354:
4142:
4137:
4107:
4102:
4002:
2838:: Structural refinement of the complex of bone morphogenetic protein 2 and its type IA receptor
5045:
4122:
3585:
3405:
2965:
2709:
2672:
2643:
2609:
2537:
2502:
2467:
2426:
2382:
2343:
2330:
Agrawal, V; Sinha, M. (2016). "A review on carrier systems for bone morphogenetic protein-2".
2299:
2264:
2221:
2193:
2175:
2126:
2069:
2020:
1997:
1945:
1901:
1854:
1819:
1627:
176:
56:
4344:
4269:
4092:
3992:
3880:
3783:
3633:
1637:
Like many other proteins from the BMP family, BMP-2 has been demonstrated to potently induce
5065:
5055:
4147:
4097:
3788:
3638:
3430:
3420:
3179:
2961:
2701:
2664:
2601:
2529:
2494:
2457:
2416:
2374:
2335:
2291:
2256:
2213:
2165:
2157:
2116:
2108:
2059:
1987:
1979:
1935:
1893:
1846:
1809:
631:
473:
404:
348:
303:
4448:
4259:
3870:
3773:
3768:
4876:
4806:
4801:
4719:
4642:
4637:
4507:
4502:
4325:
4218:
4213:
3973:
3860:
3855:
3740:
3410:
1678:
1618:, plays an important role in the development of bone and cartilage. It is involved in the
638:
448:
224:
2908:
1881:
2209:
2055:
1630:-cytokine receptor interaction. It is also involved in cardiac cell differentiation and
3480:
3314:
2939:
1992:
1967:
1882:"Regulation of human cranial osteoblast phenotype by FGF-2, FGFR-2 and BMP-2 signaling"
2121:
2096:
2064:
2039:
1922:
Jin W, Takagi T, Kanesashi SN, Kurahashi T, Nomura T, Harada J, Ishii S (April 2006).
1814:
1797:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
766:
761:
756:
751:
746:
730:
725:
720:
715:
710:
705:
700:
695:
690:
685:
680:
5112:
5030:
3623:
2533:
2498:
2170:
2145:
1686:
667:
2684:
2311:
2233:
2081:
2040:"Isolation of recombinant BMP receptor IA ectodomain and its 2:1 complex with BMP-2"
1866:
5050:
4433:
4428:
4117:
4077:
4072:
3648:
1924:"Schnurri-2 controls BMP-dependent adipogenesis via interaction with Smad proteins"
466:
245:
208:
2605:
2217:
1940:
1923:
1850:
232:
5040:
4738:
4438:
4082:
3440:
3400:
1783:
National Center for
Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
1765:
National Center for
Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
1690:
1682:
2260:
2112:
549:
17:
5080:
4991:
4987:
4983:
4773:
4593:
4417:
4413:
4409:
4112:
4061:
4057:
4053:
3920:
3757:
3753:
3749:
3698:
3612:
3608:
3604:
3564:
3296:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2668:
1638:
365:
262:
212:
2295:
2144:
Gilboa L, Nohe A, Geissendörfer T, Sebald W, Henis YI, Knaus P (March 2000).
4973:
4969:
4960:
4870:
4866:
4837:
4769:
4765:
4713:
4709:
4685:
4589:
4585:
4552:
4548:
4390:
4349:
4132:
4030:
3997:
3967:
3963:
3944:
3916:
3912:
3709:
3694:
3690:
3570:
3560:
3556:
3133:
2421:
2404:
1647:
BMP-2 may be involved in white adipogenesis and may have metabolic effects.
1277:
1188:
negative regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway
609:
487:
432:
419:
331:
318:
220:
4946:
4377:
2713:
2676:
2647:
2613:
2541:
2506:
2471:
2430:
2405:"Bone morphogenetic protein in spinal fusion: overview and clinical update"
2386:
2347:
2303:
2268:
2179:
2130:
2073:
2024:
2001:
1949:
1905:
1858:
1677:
Bone morphogenetic protein 2 is shown to stimulate the production of bone.
2225:
2161:
1823:
1579:
1574:
948:
negative regulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in heart development
5097:
2378:
1968:"Beyond the bone: Bone morphogenetic protein signaling in adipose tissue"
1837:
Chen D, Zhao M, Mundy GR (December 2004). "Bone morphogenetic proteins".
1563:
1422:
1403:
2462:
2445:
2339:
5035:
5025:
4965:
4862:
4761:
4705:
4581:
4544:
3959:
3908:
3686:
3552:
3395:
3390:
2705:
1897:
1603:
1389:
1344:
2446:"Bone regeneration in rabbit sinus lifting associated with bovine BMP"
1983:
1148:
positive regulation of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
5086:
4884:
4880:
4748:
4727:
4723:
4563:
4333:
4329:
4127:
3981:
3977:
3453:
3352:
3322:
3268:
3263:
3240:
3235:
3225:
3218:
3213:
2450:
Journal of
Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials
2332:
Journal of
Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials
1660:
1547:
1299:
788:
positive regulation of Wnt signaling pathway by BMP signaling pathway
4162:
3803:
1203:
positive regulation of pri-miRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II
913:
mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in ureteric bud development
5015:
4947:
4905:
4842:
4690:
4679:
4675:
4631:
4627:
4623:
4496:
4464:
4463:
4399:
4378:
4315:
4309:
4243:
4207:
4203:
4199:
4043:
4039:
4017:
3949:
3938:
3849:
3845:
3734:
3730:
3579:
3448:
3280:
3208:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3022:
3015:
3010:
3005:
2883:: Crystal structure of a ternary ligand-receptor complex of BMP-2
2868:: Crystal structure of a ternary ligand-receptor complex of BMP-2
1262:
1258:
4831:
4827:
4823:
4819:
4815:
4795:
4791:
4787:
4671:
4667:
4663:
4659:
4655:
4651:
4619:
4615:
4611:
4607:
4528:
4524:
4520:
4516:
4492:
4488:
4484:
4305:
4301:
4279:
4239:
4235:
4231:
4227:
4195:
4191:
4187:
4183:
4157:
4012:
3934:
3930:
3890:
3841:
3837:
3833:
3829:
3798:
3726:
3722:
3718:
3668:
3594:
3534:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3000:
200:
3484:
2912:
2761:
39:
4906:
2853:: Ternary Complex of BMP-2 bound to BMPR-Ia-ECD and ActRII-ECD
2757:
2444:
Allegrini S, Yoshimoto M, Salles MB, König B (February 2004).
647:
1078:
embryonic heart tube anterior/posterior pattern specification
1063:
negative regulation of calcium-independent cell-cell adhesion
2823:: Structure of the bone morphogenetic protein 2 mutant L51P
2808:: COMPLEX BETWEEN BMP-2 AND TWO BMP RECEPTOR IA ECTODOMAINS
1053:
positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition
1966:
Blázquez-Medela AM, Jumabay M, Boström KI (January 2019).
1178:
negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell differentiation
978:
thyroid-stimulating hormone-secreting cell differentiation
187:, BDA2, BMP2A, bone morphogenetic protein 2, SSFSC, SSFSC1
1193:
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
1048:
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
1689:. Implantation of BMP-2 is performed using a variety of
456:
4910:
3512:
1113:
negative regulation of aldosterone biosynthetic process
4280:
4158:
4013:
3891:
3799:
3669:
3539:
3535:
918:
regulation of odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth
868:
negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway
1128:
positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation
621:
1138:
negative regulation of cortisol biosynthetic process
1023:
corticotropin hormone secreting cell differentiation
873:
negative regulation of cell population proliferation
5005:
4945:
4936:
4904:
4747:
4562:
4462:
4376:
4367:
4278:
4156:
4011:
3889:
3797:
3667:
3533:
3524:
3462:
3439:
3376:
3309:
3289:
3251:
3196:
3173:
3031:
2959:
2950:
1681:human protein (rhBMP-2) is currently available for
1508:
1487:
1461:
1440:
1098:
negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
993:
negative regulation of steroid biosynthetic process
923:
positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
4284:
3895:
3673:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1718:
1716:
1714:
1068:positive regulation of osteoblast differentiation
848:BMP signaling pathway involved in heart induction
403:
302:
4749:
4564:
2585:Carragee EJ, Hurwitz EL, Weiner BK (June 2011).
2403:Subach BR, Haid RW, Rodts GE, Kaiser MG (2001).
2325:
2323:
2321:
1028:positive regulation of astrocyte differentiation
943:branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis
731:transforming growth factor beta receptor binding
4568:
2398:
2396:
2359:
2357:
1673:Bone morphogenetic protein § Clinical uses
1655:Bone morphogenetic protein 2 has been shown to
1118:positive regulation of osteoblast proliferation
988:positive regulation of fat cell differentiation
958:bone mineralization involved in bone maturation
883:pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation
27:Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
2038:Kirsch T, Nickel J, Sebald W (February 2000).
1744:GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000027358
793:positive regulation of protein phosphorylation
3496:
2924:
2773:
2563:. Stanford School of Medicine. Archived from
968:positive regulation of neuron differentiation
8:
2898:: HUMAN BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN-2 (BMP-2)
2196:(1965). "Bone: formation by autoinduction".
1198:cardiac epithelial to mesenchymal transition
1038:cellular response to organic cyclic compound
963:positive regulation of cartilage development
928:positive regulation of Wnt signaling pathway
843:positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade
1723:GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000125845
1153:cellular response to growth factor stimulus
1058:positive regulation of phosphatase activity
973:positive regulation of cell differentiation
4942:
4373:
3530:
3503:
3489:
3481:
3193:
2956:
2931:
2917:
2909:
2780:
2766:
2758:
2095:Kirsch T, Nickel J, Sebald W (July 2000).
1273:
1033:positive regulation of bone mineralization
893:regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
663:
564:transitional epithelium of urinary bladder
444:
343:
240:
74:
2731:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine
2461:
2420:
2169:
2120:
2063:
1991:
1939:
1813:
1228:regulation of signaling receptor activity
1183:positive regulation of apoptotic process
808:odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth
767:intracellular membrane-bounded organelle
2795:
1710:
1233:negative regulation of gene expression
1208:positive regulation of gene expression
1093:positive regulation of protein binding
878:positive regulation of p38MAPK cascade
29:
1133:positive regulation of cell migration
408:
369:
364:
307:
266:
261:
7:
1961:
1959:
1917:
1915:
1632:epithelial to mesenchymal transition
1103:positive regulation of odontogenesis
1088:epithelial to mesenchymal transition
823:atrioventricular valve morphogenesis
1880:Marie PJ, Debiais F, Haÿ E (2002).
1218:cardiac muscle cell differentiation
1163:cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis
1043:positive regulation of ossification
998:positive regulation of MAPK cascade
726:protein heterodimerization activity
5013:Endogenous antagonists/inhibitors:
1505:
1484:
1458:
1437:
1413:
1394:
1368:
1349:
1323:
1304:
1173:multicellular organism development
716:NAD-retinol dehydrogenase activity
626:
544:
482:
461:
25:
1168:endocardial cushion morphogenesis
1158:cellular response to BMP stimulus
803:negative regulation of cell cycle
5129:Developmental genes and proteins
2888:
2873:
2858:
2843:
2828:
2813:
2798:
2534:10.1111/j.1600-0501.2005.01143.x
2499:10.1111/j.1600-0501.2006.01214.x
898:SMAD protein signal transduction
833:mesenchymal cell differentiation
637:
630:
392:
385:
379:
356:
291:
284:
278:
253:
38:
2952:TGF beta superfamily of ligands
2522:Clinical Oral Implants Research
2487:Clinical Oral Implants Research
1243:regulation of apoptotic process
3789:ML-347 (LDN-193719, VU0469381)
3639:ML-347 (LDN-193719, VU0469381)
3099:Growth differentiation factors
2642:. 83-A Suppl 1 (Pt 1): S7–14.
2019:. 83-A Suppl 1 (Pt 1): S7–14.
1667:Clinical use and complications
908:in utero embryonic development
828:proteoglycan metabolic process
696:phosphatase activator activity
648:More reference expression data
610:More reference expression data
1:
2065:10.1016/S0014-5793(00)01214-X
1815:10.1016/S0021-9258(19)38285-7
813:telencephalon regionalization
377:
276:
5119:Genes on human chromosome 20
2729:bone morphogenetic protein 2
2606:10.1016/j.spinee.2011.04.023
2218:10.1126/science.150.3698.893
1941:10.1016/j.devcel.2006.02.016
1851:10.1080/08977190412331279890
1644:in a variety of cell types.
1592:Bone morphogenetic protein 2
4128:RepSox (E-616452, SJN-2511)
3042:Bone morphogenetic proteins
2334:. Early View (4): 904–925.
1616:bone morphogenetic proteins
1018:chondrocyte differentiation
783:skeletal system development
530:stromal cell of endometrium
5155:
5124:Bone morphogenetic protein
2750:gene details page in the
2261:10.1016/j.addr.2003.08.010
1670:
1624:TGF beta signaling pathway
1248:regulation of MAPK cascade
1083:osteoblast differentiation
863:cardiocyte differentiation
853:animal organ morphogenesis
681:signaling receptor binding
592:retinal pigment epithelium
506:retinal pigment epithelium
4118:Galunisertib (LY-2157299)
2793:
2669:10.1080/10428190290012182
1779:"Mouse PubMed Reference:"
1761:"Human PubMed Reference:"
1578:
1573:
1569:
1562:
1546:
1527:
1512:
1491:
1480:
1465:
1444:
1433:
1420:
1416:
1401:
1397:
1388:
1375:
1371:
1356:
1352:
1343:
1330:
1326:
1311:
1307:
1298:
1283:
1276:
1272:
1256:
938:telencephalon development
666:
662:
645:
629:
620:
607:
556:
547:
526:mucosa of urinary bladder
494:
485:
455:
447:
443:
426:
413:
376:
355:
346:
342:
325:
312:
275:
252:
243:
239:
194:
191:
181:
174:
169:
82:
77:
60:
55:
50:
46:
37:
32:
5066:Thrombospondin 1 (THBS1)
4848:Osteogenin (BMP3, BMP3A)
3259:Activin type 2 receptors
3204:Activin type 1 receptors
2733:Medical Subject Headings
2561:Inside Stanford Medicine
2555:Richter R (2011-06-28).
2296:10.1517/14712598.4.5.741
2113:10.1093/emboj/19.13.3314
1540:Chr 2: 133.39 – 133.4 Mb
2422:10.3171/foc.2001.10.4.4
1073:protein destabilization
1003:Notch signaling pathway
838:pericardium development
818:protein phosphorylation
584:Apical ectodermal ridge
510:mucosa of sigmoid colon
4265:Dorsomorphin (BML-275)
3876:Dorsomorphin (BML-275)
3779:Dorsomorphin (BML-275)
3161:Anti-müllerian hormone
2944:TGFβ signaling pathway
1533:Chr 20: 6.77 – 6.78 Mb
798:mesenchyme development
701:growth factor activity
580:mucous cell of stomach
502:pancreatic ductal cell
2284:Expert Opin Biol Ther
2162:10.1091/mbc.11.3.1023
1238:response to bacterium
1213:BMP signaling pathway
983:inflammatory response
953:cartilage development
858:inner ear development
568:epithelium of stomach
269:Chromosome 20 (human)
3515:receptor superfamily
2744:genome location and
2640:J Bone Joint Surg Am
2379:10.2106/JBJS.G.01485
2367:J Bone Joint Surg Am
2249:Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev
2017:J Bone Joint Surg Am
1013:cell differentiation
888:cell fate commitment
757:BMP receptor complex
747:extracellular region
706:BMP receptor binding
410:2 F2|2 65.21 cM
371:Chromosome 2 (mouse)
78:List of PDB id codes
51:Available structures
5134:Implants (medicine)
5083:(against myostatin)
2996:Activin and inhibin
2752:UCSC Genome Browser
2694:Histol. Histopathol
2463:10.1002/jbm.b.20006
2340:10.1002/jbm.b.33599
2210:1965Sci...150..893U
2056:2000FEBSL.468..215K
1886:Histol. Histopathol
1143:cell-cell signaling
1123:response to hypoxia
1008:bone mineralization
762:extracellular space
691:co-receptor binding
5089:(against endoglin)
4446:Kinase inhibitors:
4342:Kinase inhibitors:
4257:Kinase inhibitors:
4090:Kinase inhibitors:
3990:Kinase inhibitors:
3868:Kinase inhibitors:
3766:Kinase inhibitors:
3631:Kinase inhibitors:
3175:TGF beta receptors
2706:10.14670/HH-17.877
1928:Developmental Cell
1898:10.14670/HH-17.877
1378:ENSMUSG00000027358
776:Biological process
740:Cellular component
674:Molecular function
514:lower lobe of lung
5106:
5105:
5001:
5000:
4932:
4931:
4363:
4362:
3656:Other inhibitors:
3478:
3477:
3378:Ligand inhibitors
3305:
3304:
3169:
3168:
2906:
2905:
1984:10.1111/obr.12822
1808:(22): 13198–205.
1614:BMP-2 like other
1600:TGF-β superfamily
1589:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1558:
1557:
1523:
1522:
1502:
1501:
1476:
1475:
1455:
1454:
1429:
1428:
1410:
1409:
1384:
1383:
1365:
1364:
1339:
1338:
1320:
1319:
1268:
1267:
933:heart development
686:cytokine activity
658:
657:
654:
653:
616:
615:
603:
602:
541:
540:
522:periodontal fiber
439:
438:
338:
337:
165:
164:
161:
160:
61:Ortholog search:
16:(Redirected from
5146:
4949:
4943:
4912:
4908:
4893:Decoy receptors:
4838:Myostatin (GDF8)
4751:
4736:Decoy receptors:
4686:Myostatin (GDF8)
4570:
4566:
4466:
4380:
4374:
4286:
4282:
4164:
4160:
4019:
4015:
3945:Myostatin (GDF8)
3897:
3893:
3805:
3801:
3675:
3671:
3646:Decoy receptors:
3541:
3537:
3531:
3514:
3505:
3498:
3491:
3482:
3194:
2957:
2933:
2926:
2919:
2910:
2892:
2877:
2862:
2847:
2832:
2817:
2802:
2782:
2775:
2768:
2759:
2717:
2688:
2651:
2625:
2624:
2622:
2616:. Archived from
2591:
2582:
2576:
2575:
2573:
2572:
2552:
2546:
2545:
2517:
2511:
2510:
2482:
2476:
2475:
2465:
2441:
2435:
2434:
2424:
2400:
2391:
2390:
2361:
2352:
2351:
2327:
2316:
2315:
2279:
2273:
2272:
2244:
2238:
2237:
2190:
2184:
2183:
2173:
2141:
2135:
2134:
2124:
2092:
2086:
2085:
2067:
2035:
2029:
2028:
2012:
2006:
2005:
1995:
1963:
1954:
1953:
1943:
1919:
1910:
1909:
1877:
1871:
1870:
1834:
1828:
1827:
1817:
1793:
1787:
1786:
1775:
1769:
1768:
1757:
1751:
1741:
1730:
1720:
1620:hedgehog pathway
1571:
1570:
1542:
1535:
1518:
1506:
1497:
1485:
1481:RefSeq (protein)
1471:
1459:
1450:
1438:
1414:
1395:
1369:
1350:
1324:
1305:
1274:
1223:cell development
664:
650:
641:
634:
627:
612:
552:
550:Top expressed in
545:
498:cartilage tissue
490:
488:Top expressed in
483:
462:
445:
435:
422:
411:
396:
389:
383:
372:
360:
344:
334:
321:
310:
295:
288:
282:
271:
257:
241:
235:
233:BMP2 - orthologs
186:
179:
156:
75:
69:
48:
47:
42:
30:
21:
5154:
5153:
5149:
5148:
5147:
5145:
5144:
5143:
5109:
5108:
5107:
5102:
5021:Cerberus (CER1)
4997:
4928:
4900:
4807:Eptotermin alfa
4802:Dibotermin alfa
4743:
4643:Eptotermin alfa
4638:Dibotermin alfa
4558:
4508:Eptotermin alfa
4503:Dibotermin alfa
4458:
4359:
4274:
4219:Eptotermin alfa
4214:Dibotermin alfa
4152:
4007:
3885:
3861:Eptotermin alfa
3856:Dibotermin alfa
3793:
3741:Eptotermin alfa
3663:
3520:
3509:
3479:
3474:
3458:
3435:
3372:
3301:
3285:
3247:
3177:
3165:
3027:
2974:TGF beta family
2946:
2937:
2907:
2902:
2899:
2893:
2884:
2878:
2869:
2863:
2854:
2848:
2839:
2833:
2824:
2818:
2809:
2803:
2789:
2786:
2725:
2720:
2691:
2654:
2637:
2633:
2631:Further reading
2628:
2620:
2589:
2584:
2583:
2579:
2570:
2568:
2554:
2553:
2549:
2519:
2518:
2514:
2484:
2483:
2479:
2443:
2442:
2438:
2409:Neurosurg Focus
2402:
2401:
2394:
2363:
2362:
2355:
2329:
2328:
2319:
2281:
2280:
2276:
2255:(12): 1613–29.
2246:
2245:
2241:
2204:(3698): 893–9.
2192:
2191:
2187:
2150:Mol. Biol. Cell
2143:
2142:
2138:
2107:(13): 3314–24.
2094:
2093:
2089:
2037:
2036:
2032:
2014:
2013:
2009:
1972:Obesity Reviews
1965:
1964:
1957:
1921:
1920:
1913:
1879:
1878:
1874:
1836:
1835:
1831:
1795:
1794:
1790:
1777:
1776:
1772:
1759:
1758:
1754:
1742:
1733:
1721:
1712:
1708:
1675:
1669:
1653:
1642:differentiation
1612:
1598:belongs to the
1580:View/Edit Mouse
1575:View/Edit Human
1538:
1531:
1528:Location (UCSC)
1514:
1493:
1467:
1446:
1359:ENSG00000125845
1252:
771:
735:
711:protein binding
646:
636:
635:
608:
599:
594:
590:
588:sebaceous gland
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
548:
537:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
486:
430:
417:
409:
399:
398:
397:
390:
370:
347:Gene location (
329:
316:
308:
298:
297:
296:
289:
267:
244:Gene location (
195:
182:
175:
84:
62:
28:
23:
22:
18:Dibotermin alfa
15:
12:
11:
5:
5152:
5150:
5142:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5111:
5110:
5104:
5103:
5101:
5100:
5091:
5090:
5084:
5074:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5009:
5007:
5003:
5002:
4999:
4998:
4996:
4995:
4977:
4963:
4954:
4952:
4940:
4934:
4933:
4930:
4929:
4927:
4926:
4917:
4915:
4902:
4901:
4899:
4898:
4889:
4888:
4874:
4856:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4777:
4755:
4753:
4745:
4744:
4742:
4741:
4732:
4731:
4717:
4699:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4597:
4575:
4573:
4560:
4559:
4557:
4556:
4538:
4537:
4532:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4470:
4468:
4460:
4459:
4457:
4456:
4451:
4442:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4422:
4421:
4403:
4393:
4384:
4382:
4371:
4365:
4364:
4361:
4360:
4358:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4338:
4337:
4319:
4318:
4313:
4291:
4289:
4276:
4275:
4273:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4253:
4252:
4247:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4169:
4167:
4154:
4153:
4151:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4086:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4066:
4065:
4047:
4033:
4024:
4022:
4009:
4008:
4006:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3986:
3985:
3971:
3953:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3924:
3902:
3900:
3887:
3886:
3884:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3864:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3819:
3810:
3808:
3795:
3794:
3792:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3762:
3761:
3743:
3738:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3680:
3678:
3665:
3664:
3662:
3661:
3652:
3651:
3642:
3641:
3636:
3627:
3626:
3617:
3616:
3598:
3588:
3583:
3573:
3568:
3546:
3544:
3528:
3522:
3521:
3510:
3508:
3507:
3500:
3493:
3485:
3476:
3475:
3473:
3472:
3466:
3464:
3460:
3459:
3457:
3456:
3451:
3445:
3443:
3437:
3436:
3434:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3382:
3380:
3374:
3373:
3371:
3370:
3365:
3359:
3350:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3319:
3317:
3307:
3306:
3303:
3302:
3300:
3299:
3293:
3291:
3287:
3286:
3284:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3272:
3271:
3266:
3255:
3253:
3249:
3248:
3246:
3245:
3244:
3243:
3238:
3228:
3223:
3222:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3200:
3198:
3191:
3171:
3170:
3167:
3166:
3164:
3163:
3158:
3157:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3134:Myostatin/GDF8
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3096:
3095:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3038:
3036:
3029:
3028:
3026:
3025:
3020:
3019:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2993:
2992:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2970:
2968:
2954:
2948:
2947:
2940:Cell signaling
2938:
2936:
2935:
2928:
2921:
2913:
2904:
2903:
2901:
2900:
2894:
2887:
2885:
2879:
2872:
2870:
2864:
2857:
2855:
2849:
2842:
2840:
2834:
2827:
2825:
2819:
2812:
2810:
2804:
2797:
2794:
2791:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2784:
2777:
2770:
2762:
2756:
2755:
2736:
2724:
2723:External links
2721:
2719:
2718:
2689:
2657:Leuk. Lymphoma
2652:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2626:
2623:on 2011-11-10.
2577:
2547:
2512:
2477:
2436:
2392:
2353:
2317:
2274:
2239:
2185:
2156:(3): 1023–35.
2136:
2087:
2050:(2–3): 215–9.
2030:
2007:
1978:(5): 648–658.
1955:
1911:
1872:
1839:Growth Factors
1829:
1788:
1770:
1752:
1731:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1668:
1665:
1652:
1649:
1611:
1608:
1587:
1586:
1583:
1582:
1577:
1567:
1566:
1560:
1559:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1544:
1543:
1536:
1529:
1525:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1510:
1509:
1503:
1500:
1499:
1489:
1488:
1482:
1478:
1477:
1474:
1473:
1463:
1462:
1456:
1453:
1452:
1442:
1441:
1435:
1431:
1430:
1427:
1426:
1418:
1417:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1399:
1398:
1392:
1386:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1373:
1372:
1366:
1363:
1362:
1354:
1353:
1347:
1341:
1340:
1337:
1336:
1328:
1327:
1321:
1318:
1317:
1309:
1308:
1302:
1296:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1281:
1280:
1270:
1269:
1266:
1265:
1254:
1253:
1251:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
955:
950:
945:
940:
935:
930:
925:
920:
915:
910:
905:
900:
895:
890:
885:
880:
875:
870:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
825:
820:
815:
810:
805:
800:
795:
790:
785:
779:
777:
773:
772:
770:
769:
764:
759:
754:
749:
743:
741:
737:
736:
734:
733:
728:
723:
718:
713:
708:
703:
698:
693:
688:
683:
677:
675:
671:
670:
660:
659:
656:
655:
652:
651:
643:
642:
624:
618:
617:
614:
613:
605:
604:
601:
600:
598:
597:
596:pyloric antrum
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
554:
553:
542:
539:
538:
536:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
492:
491:
479:
478:
470:
459:
453:
452:
449:RNA expression
441:
440:
437:
436:
428:
424:
423:
415:
412:
407:
401:
400:
391:
384:
378:
374:
373:
368:
362:
361:
353:
352:
340:
339:
336:
335:
327:
323:
322:
314:
311:
306:
300:
299:
290:
283:
277:
273:
272:
265:
259:
258:
250:
249:
237:
236:
193:
189:
188:
180:
172:
171:
167:
166:
163:
162:
159:
158:
80:
79:
71:
70:
59:
53:
52:
44:
43:
35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5151:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5116:
5114:
5099:
5096:
5093:
5092:
5088:
5085:
5082:
5079:
5076:
5075:
5072:
5071:Tomoregulin 1
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5046:Gremlin (Drm)
5044:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5011:
5010:
5008:
5004:
4993:
4989:
4985:
4981:
4978:
4975:
4971:
4967:
4964:
4962:
4959:
4956:
4955:
4953:
4951:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4935:
4925:
4922:
4919:
4918:
4916:
4914:
4903:
4897:
4894:
4891:
4890:
4886:
4882:
4878:
4875:
4872:
4868:
4864:
4861:
4858:
4857:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4833:
4829:
4825:
4821:
4817:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4797:
4793:
4789:
4785:
4781:
4778:
4775:
4771:
4767:
4763:
4760:
4757:
4756:
4754:
4752:
4746:
4740:
4737:
4734:
4733:
4729:
4725:
4721:
4718:
4715:
4711:
4707:
4704:
4701:
4700:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4681:
4677:
4673:
4669:
4665:
4661:
4657:
4653:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4633:
4629:
4625:
4621:
4617:
4613:
4609:
4605:
4601:
4598:
4595:
4591:
4587:
4583:
4580:
4577:
4576:
4574:
4572:
4561:
4554:
4550:
4546:
4543:
4540:
4539:
4536:
4533:
4530:
4526:
4522:
4518:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4498:
4494:
4490:
4486:
4482:
4478:
4475:
4472:
4471:
4469:
4467:
4461:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4444:
4443:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4424:
4423:
4419:
4415:
4411:
4407:
4404:
4401:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4386:
4385:
4383:
4381:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4366:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4340:
4339:
4335:
4331:
4327:
4324:
4321:
4320:
4317:
4314:
4311:
4307:
4303:
4299:
4296:
4293:
4292:
4290:
4288:
4277:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4255:
4254:
4251:
4248:
4245:
4241:
4237:
4233:
4229:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4209:
4205:
4201:
4197:
4193:
4189:
4185:
4181:
4177:
4174:
4171:
4170:
4168:
4166:
4155:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4088:
4087:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4068:
4067:
4063:
4059:
4055:
4051:
4048:
4045:
4041:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4026:
4025:
4023:
4021:
4010:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3988:
3987:
3983:
3979:
3975:
3972:
3969:
3965:
3961:
3958:
3955:
3954:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3940:
3936:
3932:
3928:
3925:
3922:
3918:
3914:
3910:
3907:
3904:
3903:
3901:
3899:
3888:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3866:
3865:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3851:
3847:
3843:
3839:
3835:
3831:
3827:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3812:
3811:
3809:
3807:
3796:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3764:
3763:
3759:
3755:
3751:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3736:
3732:
3728:
3724:
3720:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3700:
3696:
3692:
3688:
3685:
3682:
3681:
3679:
3677:
3666:
3660:
3657:
3654:
3653:
3650:
3647:
3644:
3643:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3629:
3628:
3625:
3624:Ascrinvacumab
3622:
3619:
3618:
3614:
3610:
3606:
3602:
3599:
3596:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3581:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3566:
3562:
3558:
3554:
3551:
3548:
3547:
3545:
3543:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3523:
3519:
3516:
3506:
3501:
3499:
3494:
3492:
3487:
3486:
3483:
3471:
3468:
3467:
3465:
3461:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3446:
3444:
3442:
3438:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3383:
3381:
3379:
3375:
3369:
3366:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3354:
3351:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3324:
3321:
3320:
3318:
3316:
3312:
3308:
3298:
3295:
3294:
3292:
3288:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3261:
3260:
3257:
3256:
3254:
3250:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3233:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3206:
3205:
3202:
3201:
3199:
3195:
3192:
3189:
3185:
3181:
3176:
3172:
3162:
3159:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3101:
3100:
3097:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3044:
3043:
3040:
3039:
3037:
3035:
3030:
3024:
3021:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2998:
2997:
2994:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2976:
2975:
2972:
2971:
2969:
2967:
2963:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2934:
2929:
2927:
2922:
2920:
2915:
2914:
2911:
2897:
2891:
2886:
2882:
2876:
2871:
2867:
2861:
2856:
2852:
2846:
2841:
2837:
2831:
2826:
2822:
2816:
2811:
2807:
2801:
2796:
2792:
2783:
2778:
2776:
2771:
2769:
2764:
2763:
2760:
2753:
2749:
2748:
2743:
2742:
2737:
2734:
2730:
2727:
2726:
2722:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2700:(3): 877–85.
2699:
2695:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2658:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2636:
2635:
2630:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2600:(6): 471–91.
2599:
2595:
2588:
2581:
2578:
2567:on 2012-04-23
2566:
2562:
2558:
2551:
2548:
2543:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2516:
2513:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2493:(6): 666–72.
2492:
2488:
2481:
2478:
2473:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2456:(2): 127–31.
2455:
2451:
2447:
2440:
2437:
2432:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2399:
2397:
2393:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2373:(5): 1181–9.
2372:
2368:
2360:
2358:
2354:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2326:
2324:
2322:
2318:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2278:
2275:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2243:
2240:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2189:
2186:
2181:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2140:
2137:
2132:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2091:
2088:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2034:
2031:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2011:
2008:
2003:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1962:
1960:
1956:
1951:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1934:(4): 461–71.
1933:
1929:
1925:
1918:
1916:
1912:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1892:(3): 877–85.
1891:
1887:
1883:
1876:
1873:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1845:(4): 233–41.
1844:
1840:
1833:
1830:
1825:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1802:J. Biol. Chem
1799:
1792:
1789:
1784:
1780:
1774:
1771:
1766:
1762:
1756:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1711:
1705:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1692:
1688:
1687:United States
1685:usage in the
1684:
1680:
1674:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1658:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1635:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1581:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1565:
1561:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1519:
1517:
1511:
1507:
1504:
1498:
1496:
1490:
1486:
1483:
1479:
1472:
1470:
1464:
1460:
1457:
1451:
1449:
1443:
1439:
1436:
1434:RefSeq (mRNA)
1432:
1425:
1424:
1419:
1415:
1412:
1406:
1405:
1400:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1387:
1380:
1379:
1374:
1370:
1367:
1361:
1360:
1355:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1342:
1335:
1334:
1329:
1325:
1322:
1316:
1315:
1310:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1297:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1282:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1264:
1260:
1255:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
809:
806:
804:
801:
799:
796:
794:
791:
789:
786:
784:
781:
780:
778:
775:
774:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
744:
742:
739:
738:
732:
729:
727:
724:
722:
719:
717:
714:
712:
709:
707:
704:
702:
699:
697:
694:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
678:
676:
673:
672:
669:
668:Gene ontology
665:
661:
649:
644:
640:
633:
628:
625:
623:
619:
611:
606:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
558:
555:
551:
546:
543:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
496:
493:
489:
484:
481:
480:
477:
475:
471:
469:
468:
464:
463:
460:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
434:
429:
425:
421:
416:
406:
402:
395:
388:
382:
375:
367:
363:
359:
354:
350:
345:
341:
333:
328:
324:
320:
315:
305:
301:
294:
287:
281:
274:
270:
264:
260:
256:
251:
247:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
190:
185:
178:
173:
168:
157:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
81:
76:
73:
72:
68:
65:
58:
54:
49:
45:
41:
36:
31:
19:
5094:
5077:
5012:
4957:
4920:
4892:
4860:Antagonists:
4859:
4783:
4758:
4735:
4703:Antagonists:
4702:
4603:
4578:
4542:Antagonists:
4541:
4480:
4473:
4445:
4434:Lerdelimumab
4429:Fresolimumab
4425:
4387:
4341:
4323:Antagonists:
4322:
4294:
4256:
4179:
4172:
4089:
4078:Lerdelimumab
4073:Fresolimumab
4069:
4027:
3989:
3957:Antagonists:
3956:
3905:
3867:
3825:
3813:
3765:
3683:
3655:
3649:Dalantercept
3645:
3630:
3620:
3549:
3046:
2895:
2880:
2865:
2850:
2835:
2820:
2805:
2746:
2740:
2697:
2693:
2663:(3): 635–9.
2660:
2656:
2639:
2618:the original
2597:
2593:
2580:
2569:. Retrieved
2565:the original
2560:
2550:
2528:(5): 563–9.
2525:
2521:
2515:
2490:
2486:
2480:
2453:
2449:
2439:
2412:
2408:
2370:
2366:
2331:
2290:(5): 741–8.
2287:
2283:
2277:
2252:
2248:
2242:
2201:
2197:
2188:
2153:
2149:
2139:
2104:
2100:
2090:
2047:
2043:
2033:
2016:
2010:
1975:
1971:
1931:
1927:
1889:
1885:
1875:
1842:
1838:
1832:
1805:
1801:
1791:
1782:
1773:
1764:
1755:
1700:
1696:
1676:
1654:
1651:Interactions
1646:
1636:
1613:
1595:
1591:
1590:
1513:
1492:
1466:
1445:
1421:
1402:
1376:
1357:
1331:
1312:
1292:
1287:
903:ossification
752:cell surface
721:SMAD binding
576:ciliary body
472:
465:
431:133,404,805
418:133,394,079
192:External IDs
83:
5139:TGFβ domain
5078:Antibodies:
5041:Follistatin
4896:Ramatercept
4739:Sotatercept
4439:Metelimumab
4426:Antibodies:
4083:Metelimumab
4070:Antibodies:
3659:Disitertide
3621:Antibodies:
3441:Coreceptors
3401:Follistatin
3311:Transducers
2788:PDB gallery
1691:biomaterial
1683:orthopaedic
1679:Recombinant
170:Identifiers
5113:Categories
5081:Stamulumab
5031:DAN (PARN)
4950:(β-glycan)
4853:Radotermin
4696:Radotermin
4676:11 (BMP11)
4632:15 (GDF9B)
4535:Radotermin
4400:10 (BMP3B)
4310:11 (BMP11)
4250:Radotermin
4208:15 (GDF9B)
4113:LY-2109761
4044:11 (BMP11)
4040:10 (BMP3B)
3939:11 (BMP11)
3518:modulators
3297:betaglycan
3032:Ligand of
2960:Ligand of
2571:2012-06-25
2415:(4): 1–6.
1750:, May 2017
1729:, May 2017
1706:References
1671:See also:
1639:osteoblast
572:left colon
534:glomerulus
476:(ortholog)
330:6,780,246
317:6,767,686
213:HomoloGene
4961:Avotermin
4924:AMH (MIS)
4921:Agonists:
4832:7 (BMP12)
4828:6 (BMP13)
4824:5 (BMP14)
4759:Agonists:
4668:7 (BMP12)
4664:6 (BMP13)
4660:5 (BMP14)
4579:Agonists:
4529:7 (BMP12)
4525:6 (BMP13)
4521:5 (BMP14)
4474:Agonists:
4454:LY-364947
4391:Avotermin
4388:Agonists:
4355:SB-505124
4350:SB-431542
4295:Agonists:
4236:7 (BMP12)
4232:6 (BMP13)
4228:5 (BMP14)
4173:Agonists:
4143:SB-525334
4138:SB-505124
4133:SB-431542
4108:LY-364947
4103:GW-788388
4031:Avotermin
4028:Agonists:
4003:SB-505124
3998:SB-431542
3906:Agonists:
3817:AMH (MIS)
3814:Agonists:
3710:Avotermin
3705:AMH (MIS)
3684:Agonists:
3571:Avotermin
3550:Agonists:
2044:FEBS Lett
1626:, and in
1516:NP_031579
1495:NP_001191
1469:NM_007553
1448:NM_001200
1278:Orthologs
221:GeneCards
5098:Endoglin
5006:Unsorted
4958:Ligands:
4938:Type III
4517:2 (BMP9)
4123:R-268712
3595:2 (BMP9)
3586:Cetermin
3386:Cerberus
2714:12168799
2685:42810021
2677:12002771
2648:11263668
2614:21729796
2542:16164462
2507:17092225
2472:14737759
2431:16732630
2387:19411467
2348:26728994
2312:45699304
2304:15155165
2269:14623404
2234:83951938
2194:Urist MR
2180:10712517
2131:10880444
2082:30068719
2074:10692589
2025:11263668
2002:30609449
1950:16580992
1906:12168799
1867:22932278
1859:15621726
1746:–
1725:–
1657:interact
1628:cytokine
1610:Function
1604:proteins
1564:Wikidata
1257:Sources:
560:gastrula
5095:Others:
5036:Decorin
5026:Chordin
4966:Inhibin
4863:Inhibin
4762:Activin
4706:Inhibin
4582:Activin
4545:Inhibin
4369:Type II
4345:A 83-01
4270:K-02288
4093:A 83-01
3993:A 83-01
3960:Inhibin
3909:Activin
3881:K-02288
3784:K-02288
3687:Activin
3634:K-02288
3553:Activin
3406:Gremlin
3396:Decorin
3391:Chordin
3290:TGFBR3:
3252:TGFBR2:
3197:TGFBR1:
3180:Activin
2594:Spine J
2226:5319761
2206:Bibcode
2198:Science
2052:Bibcode
1993:6447448
1824:2376592
1748:Ensembl
1727:Ensembl
1390:UniProt
1345:Ensembl
1284:Species
1263:QuickGO
518:pylorus
451:pattern
309:20p12.3
177:Aliases
5087:TRC105
5056:Noggin
4948:TGFβR3
4750:ACVR2B
4565:ACVR2A
4379:TGFβR2
4285:ACVR1C
4163:BMPR1B
4148:SD-208
4098:D-4476
4018:TGFβR1
3896:ACVR1B
3804:BMPR1A
3674:ACVR1A
3540:ACVRL1
3526:Type I
3454:Cripto
3421:Noggin
3353:I-SMAD
3323:R-SMAD
3269:ACVR2B
3264:ACVR2A
3241:BMPR1B
3236:BMPR1A
3226:ACVRL1
3219:ACVR1C
3214:ACVR1B
3188:family
2989:TGF-β3
2984:TGF-β2
2979:TGF-β1
2738:Human
2735:(MeSH)
2712:
2683:
2675:
2646:
2612:
2540:
2505:
2470:
2429:
2385:
2346:
2310:
2302:
2267:
2232:
2224:
2178:
2168:
2129:
2122:313944
2119:
2101:EMBO J
2080:
2072:
2023:
2000:
1990:
1948:
1904:
1865:
1857:
1822:
1661:BMPR1A
1550:search
1548:PubMed
1423:P21274
1404:P12643
1300:Entrez
622:BioGPS
201:112261
5051:LTBP1
5016:BAMBI
4907:AMHR2
4877:Lefty
4843:Nodal
4720:Lefty
4691:Nodal
4569:ACVR2
4465:BMPR2
4449:DMH-2
4326:Lefty
4316:Nodal
4260:DMH-2
3974:Lefty
3950:Nodal
3871:DMH-2
3774:DMH-2
3769:DMH-1
3463:Other
3449:BAMBI
3431:THBS1
3416:LTBP1
3411:Lefty
3368:SMAD4
3362:SMAD7
3357:SMAD6
3347:SMAD9
3342:SMAD5
3337:SMAD3
3332:SMAD2
3327:SMAD1
3281:BMPR2
3276:AMHR2
3231:BMPR1
3209:ACVR1
3154:GDF15
3149:GDF11
3144:GDF10
3092:BMP15
3087:BMP10
3082:BMP8b
3077:BMP8a
3023:Nodal
3016:INHBC
3011:INHBB
3006:INHBA
2966:TGFBR
2681:S2CID
2621:(PDF)
2590:(PDF)
2308:S2CID
2230:S2CID
2171:14828
2078:S2CID
1863:S2CID
1659:with
1596:BMP-2
1333:12156
1293:Mouse
1288:Human
1259:Amigo
474:Mouse
467:Human
414:Start
349:Mouse
313:Start
246:Human
209:88177
5061:TGIF
4980:TGFβ
4911:AMHR
4406:TGFβ
4281:ALK7
4159:ALK6
4050:TGFβ
4014:ALK5
3892:ALK4
3800:ALK3
3746:TGFβ
3670:ALK2
3601:TGFβ
3536:ALK1
3513:TGFβ
3470:SARA
3426:PARN
3315:SMAD
3139:GDF9
3129:GDF7
3124:GDF6
3119:GDF5
3114:GDF3
3109:GDF2
3104:GDF1
3072:BMP7
3067:BMP6
3062:BMP5
3057:BMP4
3052:BMP3
3047:BMP2
3034:BMPR
3001:INHA
2962:ACVR
2896:3bmp
2881:2h64
2866:2h62
2851:2goo
2836:1rew
2821:1reu
2806:1es7
2747:BMP2
2741:BMP2
2710:PMID
2673:PMID
2644:PMID
2610:PMID
2538:PMID
2503:PMID
2468:PMID
2427:PMID
2383:PMID
2344:PMID
2300:PMID
2265:PMID
2222:PMID
2176:PMID
2127:PMID
2070:PMID
2021:PMID
1998:PMID
1946:PMID
1902:PMID
1855:PMID
1820:PMID
457:Bgee
405:Band
366:Chr.
304:Band
263:Chr.
225:BMP2
197:OMIM
184:BMP2
154:4UI2
150:4UI1
146:4UI0
142:4UHZ
138:4UHY
134:4N1D
130:4MID
126:3BMP
122:3BK3
118:2QJB
114:2QJA
110:2QJ9
106:2H64
102:2H62
98:2GOO
94:1REW
90:1REU
86:1ES7
67:RCSB
64:PDBe
33:BMP2
4812:GDF
4780:BMP
4648:GDF
4600:BMP
4513:GDF
4477:BMP
4396:GDF
4298:GDF
4224:GDF
4176:BMP
4036:GDF
3927:GDF
3822:BMP
3715:BMP
3591:GDF
3576:BMP
3184:BMP
2964:or
2702:doi
2665:doi
2602:doi
2530:doi
2495:doi
2458:doi
2417:doi
2375:doi
2336:doi
2292:doi
2257:doi
2214:doi
2202:150
2166:PMC
2158:doi
2117:PMC
2109:doi
2060:doi
2048:468
1988:PMC
1980:doi
1936:doi
1894:doi
1847:doi
1810:doi
1806:265
1602:of
1594:or
1314:650
427:End
326:End
229:OMA
217:926
205:MGI
57:PDB
5115::
4990:,
4986:,
4972:,
4883:,
4869:,
4830:,
4826:,
4822:,
4818:,
4794:,
4790:,
4786:,
4774:AB
4772:,
4768:,
4726:,
4712:,
4680:15
4678:,
4674:,
4670:,
4666:,
4662:,
4658:,
4654:,
4630:,
4628:8B
4626:,
4624:8A
4622:,
4618:,
4614:,
4610:,
4606:,
4594:AB
4592:,
4588:,
4551:,
4527:,
4523:,
4519:,
4497:10
4495:,
4491:,
4487:,
4483:,
4416:,
4412:,
4332:,
4308:,
4304:,
4244:15
4242:,
4238:,
4234:,
4230:,
4206:,
4204:8B
4202:,
4200:8A
4198:,
4194:,
4190:,
4186:,
4182:,
4060:,
4056:,
4042:,
3980:,
3966:,
3937:,
3933:,
3921:AB
3919:,
3915:,
3850:8B
3848:,
3846:8A
3844:,
3840:,
3836:,
3832:,
3828:,
3756:,
3752:,
3735:8B
3733:,
3731:8A
3729:,
3725:,
3721:,
3699:AB
3697:,
3693:,
3611:,
3607:,
3580:10
3565:AB
3563:,
3559:,
3186:,
3182:,
2942::
2708:.
2698:17
2696:.
2679:.
2671:.
2661:43
2659:.
2608:.
2598:11
2596:.
2592:.
2559:.
2536:.
2526:16
2524:.
2501:.
2491:17
2489:.
2466:.
2454:68
2452:.
2448:.
2425:.
2413:10
2411:.
2407:.
2395:^
2381:.
2371:91
2369:.
2356:^
2342:.
2320:^
2306:.
2298:.
2286:.
2263:.
2253:55
2251:.
2228:.
2220:.
2212:.
2200:.
2174:.
2164:.
2154:11
2152:.
2148:.
2125:.
2115:.
2105:19
2103:.
2099:.
2076:.
2068:.
2058:.
2046:.
2042:.
1996:.
1986:.
1976:20
1974:.
1970:.
1958:^
1944:.
1932:10
1930:.
1926:.
1914:^
1900:.
1890:17
1888:.
1884:.
1861:.
1853:.
1843:22
1841:.
1818:.
1804:.
1800:.
1781:.
1763:.
1734:^
1713:^
1663:.
1634:.
1622:,
1606:.
1261:/
433:bp
420:bp
332:bp
319:bp
227:;
223::
219:;
215::
211:;
207::
203:;
199::
152:,
148:,
144:,
140:,
136:,
132:,
128:,
124:,
120:,
116:,
112:,
108:,
104:,
100:,
96:,
92:,
88:,
4994:)
4992:3
4988:2
4984:1
4982:(
4976:)
4974:B
4970:A
4968:(
4913:)
4909:(
4887:)
4885:2
4881:1
4879:(
4873:)
4871:B
4867:A
4865:(
4834:)
4820:3
4816:1
4814:(
4798:)
4796:7
4792:6
4788:4
4784:2
4782:(
4776:)
4770:B
4766:A
4764:(
4730:)
4728:2
4724:1
4722:(
4716:)
4714:B
4710:A
4708:(
4682:)
4672:9
4656:3
4652:1
4650:(
4634:)
4620:7
4616:6
4612:5
4608:4
4604:2
4602:(
4596:)
4590:B
4586:A
4584:(
4571:)
4567:(
4555:)
4553:B
4549:A
4547:(
4531:)
4515:(
4499:)
4493:7
4489:6
4485:4
4481:2
4479:(
4420:)
4418:3
4414:2
4410:1
4408:(
4402:)
4398:(
4336:)
4334:2
4330:1
4328:(
4312:)
4306:3
4302:1
4300:(
4287:)
4283:(
4246:)
4240:9
4226:(
4210:)
4196:7
4192:6
4188:5
4184:4
4180:2
4178:(
4165:)
4161:(
4064:)
4062:3
4058:2
4054:1
4052:(
4046:)
4038:(
4020:)
4016:(
3984:)
3982:2
3978:1
3976:(
3970:)
3968:B
3964:A
3962:(
3941:)
3935:3
3931:1
3929:(
3923:)
3917:B
3913:A
3911:(
3898:)
3894:(
3852:)
3842:7
3838:6
3834:5
3830:4
3826:2
3824:(
3806:)
3802:(
3760:)
3758:3
3754:2
3750:1
3748:(
3737:)
3727:7
3723:6
3719:5
3717:(
3701:)
3695:B
3691:A
3689:(
3676:)
3672:(
3615:)
3613:3
3609:2
3605:1
3603:(
3597:)
3593:(
3582:)
3578:(
3567:)
3561:B
3557:A
3555:(
3542:)
3538:(
3504:e
3497:t
3490:v
3364:)
3355:(
3349:)
3325:(
3313:/
3190:)
3178:(
2932:e
2925:t
2918:v
2781:e
2774:t
2767:v
2754:.
2716:.
2704::
2687:.
2667::
2650:.
2604::
2574:.
2544:.
2532::
2509:.
2497::
2474:.
2460::
2433:.
2419::
2389:.
2377::
2350:.
2338::
2314:.
2294::
2288:4
2271:.
2259::
2236:.
2216::
2208::
2182:.
2160::
2133:.
2111::
2084:.
2062::
2054::
2027:.
2004:.
1982::
1952:.
1938::
1908:.
1896::
1869:.
1849::
1826:.
1812::
1785:.
1767:.
351:)
248:)
231::
20:)
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