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January 1977: Denon develops a smaller fully-portable PCM recording system, the DN-034R. Like the DN-023R and DN-023RA it records 8 channels at 47.25 kHz on a 2-inch video tape recorder (VTR) running at 38.1 cm/s, but it uses 14-bits "with emphasis, making it equivalent to 15.5 bits,"
1341:
The ADC converts this signal by repeatedly measuring the momentary level of the analog (audio) wave and then assigning a binary number with a given quantity of bits (word length) to each measurement point. The longer the word length the more precise the representation of the original audio wave
479:
to offer it commercially. Between 1977 and 1980 a total of eighteen 4-channel 50 kHz 16-bit units were manufactured, of which seven were sold at about US$ 150,000 (equivalent to $ 849,351 in 2023) each. Over 200 recordings were made on his equipment, almost as many as the Denon
680:
50.4 kHz digital recorder running in the background. There is some disagreement, but it appears the resulting LP record (Sound80 Records S80-DLR-101) was taken from the digital backup tapes rather than the direct-to-disc acetate. In 1984 the session is re-released on
963:
1981: Technics releases the SV-P100 digital audio recorder suitable for both professional (digital mastering) and consumer (home use) recording. It used PCM 14-bit recording on a VHS format cassette tape, resulting in an up to 3 hours programme of 2-channel stereo
532:
September 1977: Sony introduces the PCM-1 Audio Unit ($ 4400 street price equivalent to $ 6,985 in 2019) (44.056 kHz, 14-bit), the first consumer PCM encoder. It required the use of a home video tape recorder for
948:
1980: Soundstream merges with
Digital Recording Corporation, becoming DRC/Soundstream, to develop and market 50 kHz PCM recording to an optical card. This is subsequently eclipsed by the rise of the 44.1 kHz
892:
1005:. Arrau himself was invited to press the button to start the manufacture. This CD was not actually released until 1983 so it presumably ran into manufacturing problems like the ABBA release (below).
1022:(selected because it was "mostly digitally recorded") is produced at the same plant. However, due to production problems with it the third version didn't actually hit stores until March 1983.
718:
recorder in the background. Again the acetate is deemed not as good as the digital backup, so the digital master is used for the LP record (Sound80 Records S80-DLR-102). This makes it the
2152:"Aaron Copland, Charles Ives / Conductor Dennis Russell Davies Orchestra the Saint Paul Chamber Orchestra - Aaron Copland: Appalachian Spring - Charles Ives: Three Places in New England"
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2151:
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The DAC converts the numbers back to an analog signal by sticking together the level information stored in each digital sample, thus rebuilding the original analog waveform.
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Keynote address was presented to the 104th
Convention of the Audio Engineering Society in Amsterdam during the society's golden anniversary celebration on May 17, 1998.
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The SPCO previously grabbed a Grammy in 1980 in the same category for Dennis
Russell Davies conducting "Copland: Appalachian Spring; Ives: Three Places in New England."
181:
values for video. This number stream is saved to a storage device. To play back a digital recording, the numbers are retrieved and converted back into their original
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722:. Within 6 months the hand-built ("very bulky and finicky") 3M digital recorder is disassembled, rendering the non-standard master tape unplayable. Therefore, no
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One of the advantages of digital recording over analog recording is its resistance to errors. Once the signal is in the digital format, it is not subject to
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to describe which processes were analog and which were digital. Since digital recording has become near-ubiquitous the SPARS codes are now rarely used.
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365:& Jiro Inagaki (January 25, 1971). Both had to be recorded live, without edits. Marcus is released first (on LP, in February 1972), making it the
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Master recording may be done at a higher sampling rate (i.e. 88.2, 96, 176.4 or 192 kHz). High-resolution PCM recordings have been released on
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1981: Sony releases the PCM-F1 Digital Audio
Processor ($ 1900 equivalent to $ 6,368 in 2023) (44.056 kHz, 16-bit) and matching SL-2000
278:
of Bell Labs recorded the first computer-generated music, a 17-second piece called "The Silver Scale" composed by his co-worker Newman
Guttman.
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2204:
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1477:, the audio signal must be sampled at a rate at least twice that of the highest frequency component in the signal. For music-quality audio,
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197:
513:, and the analog recording is deemed superior and thus used for the LP release. The backup digital tape was presented at the October 1976
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unveils a desk-sized 8-channel PCM encoder, the DN-023R, which uses 47.25 kHz 13-bit PCM resolution and 4-head open reel broadcast
960:
VCR ($ 700 equivalent to $ 2,346 in 2023) as a complete affordable portable (with optional batteries) home digital recording system
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which is released April 1978. Five other jazz albums are recorded with the DN-034R in New York before it returns to Japan in
December.
548:
Convention. As no true 16-bit converters were available, it combined separate 12-bit and 8-bit converters to create 16-bit performance.
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are marketed by Sony (CDP-101, $ 900 equivalent to $ 2,842 in 2023) and
Philips (CD-100, $ 700 equivalent to $ 2,210 in 2023).
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1926:"Journal on the Art of Record Production » Soundstream: The Introduction of Commercial Digital Recording in the United States"
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tape drive, making digital recording commercially available to recording studios for the first time. PCM-1610 and PCM-1630 follow.
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develops a PCM digital audio recorder of his own design, using computer tape drives as the storage system. He founds the company
726:
release is possible. The compact disc release of the Saint Paul
Chamber Orchestra, which used the same machine, is unexplained.
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is released. It became the best-selling digitally-recorded album of the 80s, and the first album whose CDs' sales outsold LPs'.
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Germany using the DN-023RA. Between 1974 and 1977 over 250 PCM recordings are made by Denon, the majority recorded in Japan.
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it. There remains controversy about whether higher sampling rates provide any verifiable benefit to the consumer product.
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Cummiskey, P.; Jayant, Nikil S.; Flanagan, James L. (1973). "Adaptive quantization in differential PCM coding of speech".
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is used to alter the optical properties of the dye layer of the medium. A weaker laser is used to read these patterns.
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is also mentioned as a contender for earliest test pressing of a CD, but it was not recorded until
December 1–3, 1980.
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1990:
913:(recorded on the 3M system) in the United States, eventually winning 5 Grammys. Digital recording is now mainstream.
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video tapes using a Sony PCM-1600 digital adapter, and assembled into album form with a digital editing controller.
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or sampling rate. The higher the sampling rate the higher the upper audio frequency of the digitized audio signal.
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50.4 kHz 16-bit digital recorder ($ 5000 equivalent to $ 18,489 in 2023). Only 200 are sold worldwide.
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from copying. Instead of the gradual degradation experienced with analog media, digital media is subject to a
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Beginning in the 1980s, music that was recorded, mixed or mastered digitally was often labeled using the
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on Blu-ray. In addition, it is possible to release a high-resolution recording as either an uncompressed
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and
Claudio Arrau's Chopin Waltzes. Forty-nine other CDs are released in Japan on the same day including
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2252:"Herbert von Karajan Strauss eine Alpensinfonie & Metamorphosen Hybrid Stereo Japanese Import SACD"
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403:, recorded in Tokyo April 24–26 and released that October. At least six other Denon-recorded digital
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analog, mastered to digital stereo tape for LP release to coincide with film debut December 6, 1979.
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demonstrates a prototype 2-channel 50.4 kHz 16-bit digital recorder running on 1-inch tape at
381:
298:
141:
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3133:
3127:
2502:
2101:"Holst, Handel, Bach / Fennell, Cleveland Symphonic ... - Telarc: TRC-80038 - Buy from ArkivMusic"
1352:
The ADC outputs a sequence of digital audio samples that make up a continuous stream of 0s and 1s.
334:
patents the first digital-to-optical recording and playback system, which would later lead to the
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standard is 44.1 kHz 16 bit) is to be made from a high-res recording, the recording must be
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January 1971: Using NHK's experimental PCM recording system, Dr. Takeaki Anazawa, an engineer at
230:
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configuration, in order to maintain a high enough speed to keep the bits at a manageable size.
102:
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1805:"Patent US 3501586: Analog to digital to optical photographic recording and playback system"
1751:
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887:
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September 4, 1979: Scoring begins for Star Trek The Motion Picture soundtrack, recorded to
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at a list price of US$ 40,000 (equivalent to $ 186,857 in 2023) used with an external
586:
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320:
209:
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2294:"'Star Trek: The Motion Picture' Soundtrack Producer Offers Details On New Score Release"
196:(DAC) pair, the analog signal is accurately reconstructed, within the constraints of the
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Penchansky, Alan. "Audiophile Labels—The List is Growing." Billboard, 20 May 1978, 50.
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2012:
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241:(PCM). On November 22, 1939, Reeves files also in the US. It was first proposed as a
201:
182:
33:
2436:
2197:
Origins and Successors of the Compact Disc (Philips Research Book Series, Volume 11)
529:
for the first time with the use of a second VTR, crucial for professional recording.
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The frequency at which the ADC measures the level of the analog wave is called the
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elsewhere). When released on CD in October 1984 it becomes the first full-digital
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2195:
Peek, Hans; Bergmans, Jan; Van Haaren, Jos; Toolenaar, Frank; Stan, Sorin (2009).
1299:" becomes the first No. 1 single to be recorded, edited, and mixed fully within a
879:, December 8, 1980, were mastered on the Soundstream PCM from analog multi-tracks.
407:
are released in October, including jazz, classical and traditional Japanese music.
2554:
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2503:"La historia del cd, música clásica a los oídos del éxito » Alvaro Mendoza"
1957:
1392:
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1304:
1265:) is the first single box device used for simultaneously recording 24 tracks of
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526:
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44:
1258:. The first ADAT recorders shipped over a year later in February or March 1992.
17:
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is pictured but the details are not legible. The text indicates it might be
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develops the first PCM-based digital scrambled speech transmission system,
1972:"Sony Group Portal - Sony History Chapter7 Making Digital Audio a Reality"
1186:
is released. It became the first digitally-recorded album that topped the
971:(44.1 kHz, 16-bit) ($ 895 list price) which is used with an external
373:
in the Nippon Columbia studio, Tokyo, with percussion and a brass section.
256:, in response to German interception of military telephone traffic during
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convention in New York. The first RADAR recorders shipped in August 1994.
701:
655:
606:
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146:
2717:
2062:"Sony Group Portal - Sony History Chapter10 Studio Recorders Go Digital"
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253:
2173:"St. Paul Chamber Orchestra grabs Grammy for best chamber performance"
2076:"Early digital tape recordings on PCM/ U-matic and Betamax video tape"
289:'s research facilities in Japan. The 30 kHz 12-bit device used a
1579:
1242:) is a tape format used for simultaneously recording eight tracks of
1232:
1228:
617:
389:
305:
220:, the recording is not degraded by copying, storage or interference.
509:. However, the digital recorder is just a backup to the main analog
441:, using Denon's newly developed second-generation compact DN-023RA.
3918:
4575:
4545:
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3625:
3536:
2580:"The Compact Disc (CD) is Developed : History of Information"
1433:
434:
377:
342:
174:
140:
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used to represent an audio signal directly affects the resulting
4345:
3894:
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3100:
3080:
2238:"Philips Pinkeltje - preproduction CDM0 - DutchAudioClassics.nl"
1501:
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487:
37.5 kHz, 16-bit, 2-channel recorder is used to record the
457:
442:
304:
1969: NHK expands the PCM encoder's capabilities to two-channel
3922:
2756:
992:
the first classical Compact Disc ever commercially manufactured
4112:
1497:
1251:
972:
315:, the first image sensor used in digital imaging, invented by
286:
38:
1850:"青木望, コロムピア・ニューサウンド・オーケストラ – 幻想組曲 日本 (1972, Gatefold, Vinyl)"
1269:
at once, onto hard disk drives. The product, manufactured by
260:. The twelve transmission points were retired after the war.
4454:
1381:
The sequence of numbers is transmitted from storage into a
1355:
These binary numbers are stored on recording media such as
833:
715:
677:
537:
297:) to extend the dynamic range, and stored the signals on a
1250:
magnetic tape – a format similar to that used by consumer
1047:'s Mobile One digital studio and mixed to a Sony PCM-1610.
216:. Because the signal is stored digitally, assuming proper
27:
Audio or video represented as a stream of discrete numbers
2354:"RETRO REVIEW Mitsubishi X-80 Open Reel Digital Recorder"
2340:"What is compact disc (CD)? - Definition from WhatIs.com"
237:
the first patent describing the technique known today as
2232:
2230:
1899:"J.S. Bach, Helmuth Rilling – Organ Works (1983, Vinyl)"
517:
Convention in New York, but never commercially released.
185:
audio or video forms so that they can be heard or seen.
2743:"Digital Audio Basics: Audio Sample Rate and Bit Depth"
2529:"El mundo conmemora los 25 años de la aparición del CD"
903:
December 1, 1979: The Grammy Award-winning self-titled
745:. Prototype CDs played on the unit were a pressing of
584:
February 1978: Soundstream's first commercial release,
2397:
2395:
1724:"Differential Quantization of Communication Signals"
1481:
and 48 kHz sampling rates are the most common.
685:
by ProArte. This recording was nominated for three
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2791:
2417:"ABBA – the Visitors (Prototype (2), Red Face, CD)"
2199:. Springer Science+Business Media B.V. p. 10.
1254:. The product was announced in January 1991 at the
1143:
first non-classical fully digital CD to be released
605:March 1978: Sony introduces the professional-grade
69:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2453:Experiencing Peter Gabriel: A Listener's Companion
384:. The first recording with this new system is the
376:1972: Using lessons learned from the NHK encoder,
145:Audio levels display on a digital audio recorder (
1920:
1918:
1916:
1914:
551:November 28, 1977: Denon brings their DN-034R to
1780:The Electronics Revolution: Inventing the Future
1391:This signal is amplified and transmitted to the
1985:
1983:
1981:
1523:to 44.1 kHz. This is done as part of the
1220:digital audio for broadcast TV began in the UK.
347:the world's first commercial digital recordings
2372:"1981 Sony PCM-F1 Digital Recording Processor"
953:and the company is out of business after 1983.
763:(Philips 9500 100, recorded analog 1976), and
3934:
2768:
1710:Sigsaly – The Start of the Digital Revolution
1608:"Patent US2272070: Electric signaling system"
808:first U.S.-recorded digitally-recorded LP of
8:
2604:"What were the First Albums Released on CD?"
2403:"What were the First Albums Released on CD?"
1261:1993: Random Access Digital Audio Recorder (
1010:first popular Compact Disc ever manufactured
909:album is released. Cross' album becomes the
229:October 3, 1938: British telephone engineer
4561:Professional Lighting and Sound Association
2223:. Dutchaudioclassics.nl. December 22, 2017.
1726:, filed June 29, 1950, issued July 29, 1952
920:(44.1 kHz, 16-bit) is established for
893:Journey Through "The Secret Life of Plants"
832:on a 32-track digital machine built by the
649:first US-recorded digital classical release
412:Adaptive differential pulse-code modulation
4151:Comparison of analog and digital recording
3941:
3927:
3919:
3641:
2834:
2775:
2761:
2753:
2646:Alesis ADAT: The Evolution of a Revolution
1940:"Tom Stockham and Digital Audio Recording"
1682:"The dawn of commercial digital recording"
1417:moves as well as the tape, typically in a
1330:The analog signal is transmitted from the
1152:March 2, 1983: CD players and 16 CDs from
571:. The following two days, November 29–30,
2630:. University of San Diego. Archived from
2267:"I Can't Keep Up With All The Formats II"
1141:. Released in early 1983, it becomes the
1029:releases his fourth studio album (titled
460:organ works inside the Gedächtniskirche,
129:Learn how and when to remove this message
3021:Tefiphon/Teficord (early 1930s), Tefifon
2696:Journal of the Audio Engineering Society
2644:Peterson, George; Robair, Gino (1999).
1991:"1978 3M Digital Audio Mastering System"
1405:Techniques to record to commercial media
720:first U.S. non-classical digital release
620:uses Soundstream's PCM system to record
449:" (BWV 1079) is released on LP May 1975.
281:1967: The first commercial PCM encoder (
32:For broader coverage of this topic, see
2692:"The future of digital audio recording"
1722:U.S. patent 2605361, C. Chapin Cutler,
1675:
1673:
1671:
1599:
1571:
911:first digitally recorded album to chart
695:first digital recording to win a Grammy
1669:
1667:
1665:
1663:
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1659:
1657:
1655:
1653:
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994:. It is made by the Philips plant in
351:The World Of Stomu Yamash'ta 1 & 2
169:representing the changes over time in
4622:New Interfaces for Musical Expression
1993:. NewBay Media, LLC. 1 September 2007
1273:was announced in October 1993 at the
431:first digital recording outside Japan
7:
2628:"Digital Audio Radio Service (DARS)"
1708:J. V. Boone, J. V., Peterson R. R.:
1582:in the recording process transforms
1492:(utilizing the DVD-Audio layer), or
1156:are introduced in the United States.
647:When released on LP this became the
67:adding citations to reliable sources
1636:Privateline.com: Telephone History.
1426:optical disc recording technologies
851:first electronic live-to-digital LP
729:March 8, 1979: The first prototype
710:debut self-titled album as another
658:studios in Minneapolis records the
569:digitally-recorded commercial album
555:'s Sound Ideas Studios and records
414:(ADPCM) developed by P. Cummiskey,
369:. On January 27 Yamash'ta records
2501:Mendoza, Alvaro (4 October 2017).
1958:"Sony PCM-1 on thevintageknob.org"
1885:10.1002/j.1538-7305.1973.tb02007.x
1504:file (usually at 24 bits) without
1176:12 November 1984: American singer
1137:record their second studio album,
990:waltzes (Philips 400 025) becomes
986:'s March 1979 analog recording of
967:1982: Sony releases the PCM-501ES
308:and 32 kHz 13-bit resolution.
265:Differential pulse-code modulation
25:
4171:Reel-to-reel audio tape recording
3883:Pioneer Artists Compact LaserDisc
3333:Mohawk Message repeater cartridge
1872:The Bell System Technical Journal
1753:Scientific charge-coupled devices
1238:1991: Alesis Digital Audio Tape (
771:(?). A third prototype disc, on
593:Orchestra Under The Direction Of
4640:
2356:. September 1999. Archived from
2319:"Digital recording – next year?"
2089:Digital Audio Processor PCM-1610
1471:Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem
367:first released digital recording
198:Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem
43:
4156:Experimental musical instrument
3411:Nippon Electronic Vity cassette
3122:Cosmos Industries MX-303A/ANQ-1
2269:. Roger Nichols. Archived from
1196:13 May 1985: English rock band
672:. This session is set up as a
54:needs additional citations for
2450:Bowman, Durrell (2016-09-02).
2171:Jon Bream (January 28, 2018).
1810:. United States Patent Office.
1073:the first CD to hit the market
691:Best Chamber Music Performance
507:the first US digital recording
218:error detection and correction
165:is converted into a stream of
1:
4341:Electronic musical instrument
1737:"The First Computer Musician"
1613:. United States Patent Office
1075:in Japan, beating out ABBA's
643:Music for the Royal Fireworks
4647:Record production portal
4536:Institute of Broadcast Sound
3207:Thermionic Products Recordon
2584:www.historyofinformation.com
2491:. 2003 Deluxe Edition CD-ROM
2221:"Philips first CD prototype"
1783:. Springer. pp. 245–8.
1756:. SPIE Press. pp. 3–4.
1043:release. It was recorded on
873:is released on LP. It, and
853:recorded on Soundstream PCM.
828:. The album was recorded in
714:again with the experimental
660:Saint Paul Chamber Orchestra
4556:Musical Electronics Library
3594:Analog-to-digital converter
3501:Nippon Electronic Memo-call
2317:Ford, Hugh (January 1980).
1383:digital-to-analog converter
1336:analog-to-digital converter
250:Bell Telephone Laboratories
194:digital-to-analog converter
190:analog-to-digital converter
4698:
4303:Sound reinforcement system
4212:Sound reinforcement system
3717:Compact Disc Digital Audio
2801:Music box cylinder or disc
2019:. Jazz Discography Project
2013:"Archie Shepp Discography"
1750:James R. Janesick (2001).
1713:Accessed November 14, 2009
1645:Accessed November 14, 2009
1216:1989: Test broadcasts for
1118:offers the Sample-to-Disk
922:Compact Disc Digital Audio
733:player is demonstrated by
427:Paillard Chamber Orchestra
31:
4636:
4526:Audio Engineering Society
4424:Software effect processor
4404:Digital audio workstation
4245:Digital signal processing
4009:Digital audio workstation
3417:Grundig Cassette LFH 0084
3196:
2666:"Recordin' "La Vida Loca"
1301:digital audio workstation
4617:Professional audio store
4519:People and organizations
4505:Sound recording engineer
3667:Digital Compact Cassette
3555:Capitol Records Audiopak
3405:Dictaphone Travel master
3201:Telefunken magnetic disc
3170:Crouzet-Jaeger cartridge
1777:Williams, J. B. (2017).
1494:High Fidelity Pure Audio
1171:first US-manufactured CD
712:direct to disc recording
693:" (1980), making it the
674:direct-to-disc recording
634:Suites for Military Band
425:December 2–3, 1974: The
357:(January 11, 1971) and
4667:Digital audio recording
4035:Microphone preamplifier
3483:Assmann-Stuzzi Memocord
3164:Protona Minifon special
2785:audio recording formats
2487:Encyclopædia Britannica
2126:"Recording Discography"
1584:quantization distortion
1500:or lossless compressed
1488:(also known as DVD-A),
1288:begin selling in Japan.
1180:'s second studio album
1126:, the first commercial
561:On Green Dolphin Street
323:at Bell Labs, based on
3976:Electronic and digital
3567:Bandai micro cartridge
3513:Muntz Stereo Mini-twin
2688:Kees Schouhamer Immink
2670:Mix Magazine, Nov 1999
1440:Performance parameters
1133:November 26–28, 1982:
761:Kammerorchester Berlin
638:George Frideric Handel
525:. It also allowed for
452:December 12–19, 1974:
188:In a properly matched
150:
3435:Cousino Echo-matic II
2915:Indestructible record
1634:Alec Reeves 1902–1971
1271:Creation Technologies
1200:' fifth studio album
1050:October 1, 1982: The
1035:in North America and
1008:August 17, 1982: The
769:String Quartet No. 31
676:, with the prototype
626:Eastman Wind Ensemble
523:signal-to-noise ratio
313:charge-coupled device
239:pulse-code modulation
200:, which dictates the
144:
4434:Software synthesizer
4399:Digital audio editor
4185:Playback transducers
4045:Multitrack recording
3531:Sanyo Tape cartridge
3357:Rediffusion Reditune
3236:Loose (reel-to-reel)
3187:Magnetic stripe card
3116:US Army RD-11B/GNQ-1
2881:Perfected phonograph
2809:(early 17th century)
2722:flac.sourceforge.net
2555:"Synclavier history"
1680:Thomas Fine (2008).
1578:Intentionally added
1209:1987: Sony develops
931:introduces the X-80
826:Warner Bros. Records
536:November 4–7, 1977:
521:yielding 89 dB
511:multi-track recorder
498:The Mother of Us All
483:1976: The prototype
447:The Musical Offering
439:Notre Dame Cathedral
267:(DPCM) developed by
235:French Patent Office
63:improve this article
3345:Mohawk Midgetape RL
3158:Protona Minifon P55
3152:Protona Minifon P51
2927:Blue Amberol record
2909:Gold moulded record
2903:Le Céleste cylinder
2875:Dictaphone cylinder
2865:Phonograph cylinder
1538:Error rectification
1297:Livin' la Vida Loca
1135:Flim & the BB's
1116:New England Digital
1065:'s analog-recorded
1025:September 5, 1982:
929:Mitsubishi Electric
806:July 11, 1979: The
791:Berlin Philharmonic
787:Herbert von Karajan
782:Unfinished Symphony
752:Le quattro stagioni
382:video tape recorder
299:video tape recorder
295:DBX Noise Reduction
285:) was developed by
78:"Digital recording"
4485:Re-recording mixer
4288:Keyboard amplifier
4004:Binaural recording
3800:Electronic circuit
3655:Digital Audio Tape
3369:RCA tape cartridge
3327:Cousino Echo-matic
3225:Audio High Density
2974:Edison Voicewriter
2648:. Mixbooks. p. 2.
2273:on 20 October 2002
2132:. 18 February 2014
2105:www.arkivmusic.com
2078:. 3 February 2014.
1641:2014-05-11 at the
1632:Robertson, David.
1560:Phone surveillance
1369:solid state memory
1211:Digital Audio Tape
1166:Born in the U.S.A.
1120:hard disk recorder
1098:Wish You Were Here
882:October 30, 1979:
863:October 12, 1979:
824:, was released by
800:Eine Alpensinfonie
669:Appalachian Spring
469:University of Utah
231:Alec Harley Reeves
206:quantization error
151:
4654:
4653:
4460:Guitar technician
4356:Music workstation
4240:Digital recording
4217:Speaker enclosure
4136:8-track cartridge
4078:Phonograph record
3916:
3915:
3859:
3858:
3588:
3587:
3423:Orrtronic Tapette
3351:Dictaphone Dictet
2950:Phonograph record
2807:Mechanical cuckoo
2386:"Attack Detected"
2374:. September 2007.
2328:. pp. 40–41.
2206:978-1-4020-9552-8
2017:www.jazzdisco.org
1763:978-0-8194-3698-6
1469:As stated by the
1411:digital cassettes
1400:Recording of bits
1161:Bruce Springsteen
1145:. (Later given a
1130:recording system.
1061:October 1, 1982:
982:August 17, 1982:
918:Red Book standard
906:Christopher Cross
849:is released, the
839:August 27, 1979:
817:Bop Till You Drop
773:Archiv Produktion
707:Flim and the BB's
700:Early June 1978:
622:Frederick Fennell
616:April 4–5, 1978:
503:New World Records
420:James L. Flanagan
208:dependent on the
155:digital recording
139:
138:
131:
113:
16:(Redirected from
4689:
4645:
4644:
4643:
4531:Goji Electronics
4470:Monitor engineer
4429:Software sampler
4336:Electronic drums
4313:Electronic music
4283:Guitar amplifier
4128:Analog recording
4088:Compact cassette
4050:Music production
3958:Music technology
3950:Music technology
3943:
3936:
3929:
3920:
3642:
3495:DC-International
3453:Compact cassette
3271:Fullcoat magfilm
3213:Record Maker Pye
3180:Magnetic surface
3110:Lorenz Textophon
2933:Paradis cylinder
2897:Stentor cylinder
2835:
2777:
2770:
2763:
2754:
2747:
2746:
2739:
2733:
2732:
2730:
2728:
2713:
2707:
2706:
2684:
2678:
2677:
2672:. Archived from
2662:
2656:
2642:
2636:
2635:
2624:
2618:
2617:
2615:
2614:
2608:Kodak Digitizing
2600:
2594:
2593:
2591:
2590:
2576:
2570:
2569:
2567:
2565:
2551:
2545:
2544:
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2427:
2426:
2413:
2407:
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2368:
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2329:
2323:
2314:
2308:
2307:
2305:
2304:
2289:
2283:
2282:
2280:
2278:
2265:Nichols, Roger.
2262:
2256:
2255:
2248:
2242:
2241:
2234:
2225:
2224:
2217:
2211:
2210:
2192:
2186:
2185:
2168:
2162:
2161:
2148:
2142:
2141:
2139:
2137:
2122:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2111:
2097:
2091:
2086:
2080:
2079:
2072:
2066:
2065:
2058:
2052:
2051:
2044:
2038:
2035:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2009:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1987:
1976:
1975:
1968:
1962:
1961:
1954:
1948:
1947:
1942:. Archived from
1936:
1930:
1929:
1922:
1909:
1908:
1895:
1889:
1888:
1879:(7): 1105–1118.
1866:
1860:
1859:
1846:
1840:
1839:
1837:
1836:
1826:
1818:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1801:
1795:
1794:
1774:
1768:
1767:
1747:
1741:
1740:
1733:
1727:
1720:
1714:
1705:
1699:
1698:
1686:
1677:
1646:
1629:
1623:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1612:
1604:
1587:
1576:
1461:in a recording.
1203:Brothers in Arms
1159:September 1984:
1037:Peter Gabriel IV
944:
888:soundtrack album
793:'s recording of
595:Mercer Ellington
565:America's first
544:at the New York
543:
394:String Quartets
317:Willard S. Boyle
269:C. Chapin Cutler
167:discrete numbers
134:
127:
123:
120:
114:
112:
71:
47:
39:
21:
4697:
4696:
4692:
4691:
4690:
4688:
4687:
4686:
4682:Sound recording
4657:
4656:
4655:
4650:
4641:
4639:
4632:
4580:
4514:
4480:Record producer
4465:Mixing engineer
4438:
4385:
4351:MIDI controller
4326:Circuit bending
4307:
4249:
4226:
4202:Monitor speaker
4180:
4122:
4070:Recording media
4064:
4055:Music sequencer
4040:Monitor speaker
3986:Sound recording
3980:
3952:
3947:
3917:
3912:
3855:
3844:USB flash drive
3838:Toymax VJ Starz
3794:
3703:
3672:
3631:
3584:
3447:Philips EL 3583
3393:Cousino MR-9000
3381:Protona Attaché
3375:Philips EL 3581
3306:
3230:
3192:
3175:
3094:
3079:Loose magnetic
3074:
3031:
3009:
2938:
2850:
2838:Grooved surface
2824:
2787:
2781:
2751:
2750:
2741:
2740:
2736:
2726:
2724:
2716:Coalson, Josh.
2715:
2714:
2710:
2686:
2685:
2681:
2664:
2663:
2659:
2643:
2639:
2626:
2625:
2621:
2612:
2610:
2602:
2601:
2597:
2588:
2586:
2578:
2577:
2573:
2563:
2561:
2553:
2552:
2548:
2538:
2536:
2527:
2526:
2522:
2512:
2510:
2500:
2499:
2495:
2484:
2480:
2475:
2471:
2464:
2449:
2448:
2444:
2437:"Peter Gabriel"
2435:
2434:
2430:
2415:
2414:
2410:
2401:
2400:
2393:
2384:
2383:
2379:
2370:
2369:
2365:
2352:
2351:
2347:
2338:
2337:
2333:
2321:
2316:
2315:
2311:
2302:
2300:
2292:Shurley, Neil.
2291:
2290:
2286:
2276:
2274:
2264:
2263:
2259:
2250:
2249:
2245:
2236:
2235:
2228:
2219:
2218:
2214:
2207:
2194:
2193:
2189:
2170:
2169:
2165:
2150:
2149:
2145:
2135:
2133:
2124:
2123:
2119:
2109:
2107:
2099:
2098:
2094:
2087:
2083:
2074:
2073:
2069:
2060:
2059:
2055:
2046:
2045:
2041:
2036:
2032:
2022:
2020:
2011:
2010:
2006:
1996:
1994:
1989:
1988:
1979:
1970:
1969:
1965:
1956:
1955:
1951:
1938:
1937:
1933:
1924:
1923:
1912:
1897:
1896:
1892:
1868:
1867:
1863:
1848:
1847:
1843:
1834:
1832:
1824:
1820:
1819:
1815:
1807:
1803:
1802:
1798:
1791:
1776:
1775:
1771:
1764:
1749:
1748:
1744:
1735:
1734:
1730:
1721:
1717:
1706:
1702:
1684:
1679:
1678:
1649:
1643:Wayback Machine
1630:
1626:
1616:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1605:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1590:
1577:
1573:
1568:
1556:
1544:generation loss
1540:
1506:down-converting
1467:
1447:
1442:
1407:
1402:
1322:
1173:to be released.
1103:Michael Jackson
988:Frederic Chopin
979:video recorder.
939:
841:Giorgio Moroder
795:Richard Strauss
747:Antonio Vivaldi
597:– A Tribute To
587:Diahann Carroll
578:Manhattan Fever
541:
473:Thomas Stockham
454:Helmuth Rilling
386:Smetana Quartet
355:Stomu Yamash'ta
321:George E. Smith
226:
214:video bit depth
135:
124:
118:
115:
72:
70:
60:
48:
37:
28:
23:
22:
18:Digital Content
15:
12:
11:
5:
4695:
4693:
4685:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4659:
4658:
4652:
4651:
4637:
4634:
4633:
4631:
4630:
4625:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4588:
4586:
4585:Related topics
4582:
4581:
4579:
4578:
4573:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4541:Lejaren Hiller
4538:
4533:
4528:
4522:
4520:
4516:
4515:
4513:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4500:Sound operator
4497:
4495:Sound follower
4492:
4490:Sound designer
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4450:Audio engineer
4446:
4444:
4440:
4439:
4437:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4395:
4393:
4387:
4386:
4384:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4317:
4315:
4309:
4308:
4306:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4268:Bass amplifier
4265:
4263:Mixing console
4259:
4257:
4251:
4250:
4248:
4247:
4242:
4236:
4234:
4228:
4227:
4225:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4188:
4186:
4182:
4181:
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4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
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4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
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4130:
4124:
4123:
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4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4074:
4072:
4066:
4065:
4063:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4006:
4001:
3999:Mixing console
3996:
3990:
3988:
3982:
3981:
3979:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3962:
3960:
3954:
3953:
3948:
3946:
3945:
3938:
3931:
3923:
3914:
3913:
3911:
3910:
3904:
3901:Timecode vinyl
3898:
3892:
3886:
3880:
3874:
3867:
3865:
3861:
3860:
3857:
3856:
3854:
3853:
3847:
3841:
3835:
3829:
3823:
3817:
3811:
3804:
3802:
3796:
3795:
3793:
3792:
3786:
3780:
3774:
3768:
3762:
3756:
3750:
3747:Super Audio CD
3744:
3738:
3732:
3726:
3723:Philips CD-BGM
3720:
3713:
3711:
3705:
3704:
3702:
3701:
3695:
3689:
3682:
3680:
3674:
3673:
3671:
3670:
3664:
3658:
3651:
3649:
3639:
3633:
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3630:
3629:
3623:
3617:
3611:
3605:
3598:
3596:
3590:
3589:
3586:
3585:
3583:
3582:
3579:Pocket Rockers
3576:
3570:
3564:
3558:
3552:
3546:
3543:Steno-Cassette
3540:
3534:
3528:
3522:
3519:Grundig DeJ614
3516:
3510:
3504:
3498:
3492:
3486:
3480:
3474:
3468:
3462:
3456:
3450:
3444:
3438:
3432:
3426:
3420:
3414:
3408:
3402:
3396:
3390:
3384:
3378:
3372:
3366:
3360:
3354:
3348:
3342:
3336:
3330:
3324:
3317:
3315:
3308:
3307:
3305:
3304:
3298:
3292:
3286:
3280:
3277:Stripe magfilm
3274:
3268:
3262:
3256:
3250:
3243:
3241:
3232:
3231:
3229:
3228:
3222:
3216:
3210:
3204:
3197:
3194:
3193:
3191:
3190:
3183:
3181:
3177:
3176:
3174:
3173:
3167:
3161:
3155:
3149:
3146:Peirce 330/360
3143:
3137:
3131:
3125:
3119:
3113:
3106:
3104:
3096:
3095:
3093:
3092:
3089:Wire recording
3085:
3083:
3076:
3075:
3073:
3072:
3066:
3060:
3054:
3048:
3041:
3039:
3033:
3032:
3030:
3029:
3023:
3017:
3015:
3011:
3010:
3008:
3007:
3001:
2995:
2989:
2983:
2977:
2971:
2968:Pathé Actuelle
2965:
2959:
2953:
2946:
2944:
2940:
2939:
2937:
2936:
2930:
2924:
2921:Amberol record
2918:
2912:
2906:
2900:
2894:
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2690:(March 1991).
2679:
2676:on 2011-06-04.
2657:
2637:
2634:on 2009-10-15.
2619:
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2546:
2533:Cooperativa.cl
2520:
2507:MercadeoGlobal
2493:
2489:– Compact Disc
2478:
2476:CD liner notes
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2360:on 2021-03-07.
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1739:. 9 June 2011.
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1303:. Produced by
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1246:at once, onto
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1157:
1150:
1131:
1122:option on the
1114:October 1982:
1112:
1059:
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1023:
1016:'s 1981 album
1006:
1000:Hanover Region
980:
965:
961:
954:
946:
925:
914:
901:
896:recorded onto
880:
861:
854:
837:
804:
777:Franz Schubert
757:Vittorio Negri
727:
698:
654:June 2, 1978:
652:
614:
603:
602:, is recorded.
591:Duke Ellington
582:
568:
549:
534:
530:
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493:Virgil Thomson
489:Santa Fe Opera
481:
465:
456:records three
450:
423:
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374:
371:Metempsychosis
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4083:Magnetic tape
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4060:Outboard gear
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3871:Mini-cassette
3869:
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3832:Takara E-kara
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3549:Stenorette DL
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3525:Microcassette
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3034:
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2998:Highway Hi-Fi
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2803:(9th century)
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2718:"FLAC - news"
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2654:0-87288-686-7
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2463:9781442252004
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2298:TrekMovie.com
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2057:
2054:
2050:. 1979-07-21.
2049:
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2040:
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2018:
2014:
2008:
2005:
1992:
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1984:
1982:
1978:
1973:
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1790:9783319490885
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1472:
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1357:magnetic tape
1354:
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1348:
1344:
1340:
1337:
1333:
1329:
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1319:
1314:
1310:
1309:Desmond Child
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1287:
1283:
1282:Optical discs
1279:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1267:digital audio
1264:
1260:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1244:digital audio
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1234:
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1226:
1225:Digital radio
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1199:
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1185:
1184:
1183:Like a Virgin
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1027:Peter Gabriel
1024:
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1007:
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985:
984:Claudio Arrau
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899:
895:
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886:releases his
885:
884:Stevie Wonder
881:
878:
877:
872:
871:
866:
865:Fleetwood Mac
862:
859:
855:
852:
848:
847:
842:
838:
835:
831:
827:
823:
820:by guitarist
819:
818:
813:
812:(with vocals)
811:
810:popular music
805:
802:
801:
796:
792:
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736:
732:
728:
725:
721:
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699:
696:
692:
688:
687:Grammy Awards
684:
679:
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671:
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664:Aaron Copland
661:
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553:New York City
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436:
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422:at Bell Labs.
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364:
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332:James Russell
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325:MOS capacitor
322:
318:
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300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
277:
273:
271:at Bell Labs.
270:
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236:
233:files at the
232:
228:
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202:sampling rate
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83:
80: –
79:
75:
74:Find sources:
68:
64:
58:
57:
52:This article
50:
46:
41:
40:
35:
34:Digital audio
30:
19:
4638:
4371:Sound module
4331:Drum machine
4273:Effects unit
4239:
4166:Player piano
4093:Compact disc
4015:Effects unit
3810:(late 1970s)
3709:Optical disc
3636:
3573:Picocassette
3569:(late 1980s)
3363:Saba Sabafon
3134:RCA MI-12877
3128:RCA MI-12875
3014:Grooved tape
2980:SoundScriber
2976:(late 1940s)
2962:Diamond disc
2943:Grooved disc
2845:Phonautogram
2813:Punched card
2737:
2725:. Retrieved
2721:
2711:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2682:
2674:the original
2669:
2660:
2645:
2640:
2632:the original
2622:
2611:. Retrieved
2607:
2598:
2587:. Retrieved
2583:
2574:
2562:. Retrieved
2559:500sound.com
2558:
2549:
2539:16 September
2537:. Retrieved
2535:(in Spanish)
2532:
2523:
2513:16 September
2511:. Retrieved
2509:(in Spanish)
2506:
2496:
2485:
2481:
2472:
2452:
2445:
2431:
2420:
2411:
2380:
2366:
2358:the original
2348:
2334:
2326:Studio Sound
2325:
2312:
2301:. Retrieved
2297:
2287:
2275:. Retrieved
2271:the original
2260:
2246:
2215:
2196:
2190:
2182:
2178:Star Tribune
2176:
2166:
2155:
2146:
2134:. Retrieved
2129:
2120:
2108:. Retrieved
2104:
2095:
2084:
2070:
2056:
2042:
2033:
2023:December 22,
2021:. Retrieved
2016:
2007:
1995:. Retrieved
1966:
1952:
1944:the original
1934:
1902:
1893:
1876:
1870:
1864:
1853:
1844:
1833:. Retrieved
1829:Studio Sound
1828:
1816:
1799:
1779:
1772:
1752:
1745:
1731:
1718:
1709:
1703:
1694:
1690:ARSC Journal
1688:
1633:
1627:
1615:. Retrieved
1602:
1574:
1548:cliff effect
1541:
1529:
1513:Compact Disc
1510:
1483:
1468:
1448:
1423:
1419:helical scan
1408:
1393:loudspeakers
1375:
1374:
1332:input device
1324:
1323:
1293:Ricky Martin
1231:, using the
1218:NICAM stereo
1201:
1198:Dire Straits
1188:
1181:
1170:
1169:becomes the
1164:
1142:
1138:
1108:Off the Wall
1106:
1096:
1086:
1078:The Visitors
1076:
1072:
1066:
1054:compact disc
1051:
1036:
1031:
1019:The Visitors
1017:
1009:
991:
951:Compact Disc
910:
904:
891:
874:
868:
850:
844:
836:corporation.
815:
807:
798:
780:
768:
765:Joseph Haydn
750:
731:Compact Disc
724:Compact Disc
719:
705:
694:
683:Compact Disc
667:
648:
641:
633:
630:Gustav Holst
599:Ethel Waters
585:
576:
573:Frank Foster
564:
563:, making it
560:
557:Archie Shepp
506:
505:, making it
496:
430:
429:records the
416:Nikil Jayant
393:
370:
366:
363:Steve Marcus
358:
350:
346:
336:Compact Disc
293:(similar to
258:World War II
187:
171:air pressure
163:video signal
154:
152:
125:
116:
106:
99:
92:
85:
73:
61:Please help
56:verification
53:
29:
4612:Music store
4607:Home cinema
4566:Robert Moog
4551:Max Mathews
4475:Piano tuner
4443:Professions
4419:Scorewriter
4376:Synthesizer
4192:Loudspeaker
3620:PCM adaptor
3608:X80/ProDigi
3602:Soundstream
3489:Cantata 700
3459:Grundig En3
3253:Magnetophon
3140:Peirce 265B
3004:Bandai 8ban
2871:Graphophone
2702:: 171–172.
2277:23 December
2130:thespco.org
2048:"Billboard"
1997:23 December
1831:. July 1988
1822:"D/D/Denon"
1617:23 December
1586:into noise.
1517:CD Red Book
1465:Sample rate
1347:sample rate
1305:Charles Dye
1286:DVD players
1154:CBS Records
1068:52nd Street
996:Langenhagen
969:PCM adaptor
830:Los Angeles
743:Netherlands
689:, winning "
662:performing
542:45 ips
527:overdubbing
491:performing
485:Soundstream
477:Soundstream
388:performing
327:technology.
276:Max Mathews
263:June 1950:
245:technology.
4661:Categories
4602:Home audio
4592:Audiophile
4409:GarageBand
4255:Live music
4197:Headphones
4161:Phonograph
4030:Microphone
4025:Headphones
3971:Electrical
3966:Mechanical
3826:Yaboom Box
3814:MP3 player
3808:Sound chip
3626:DA-88/DTRS
3441:Stereo-Pak
3339:Stenorette
3219:Synchrofax
3069:Fantasound
3063:Photophone
2956:Pathé disc
2819:Music roll
2793:Mechanical
2613:2024-04-23
2589:2024-04-23
2303:2023-01-23
1835:2023-04-06
1697:(1): 1–17.
1594:References
1532:SPARS code
1459:distortion
1361:hard drive
1227:begins in
1147:SPARS code
1124:Synclavier
1093:Pink Floyd
1063:Billy Joel
964:recording.
938:1/4" tape
916:1980: The
858:multitrack
755:played by
471:professor
467:May 1975:
405:LP records
345:, records
311:1969: The
192:(ADC) and
89:newspapers
4366:Sequencer
4293:PA system
4222:Subwoofer
4207:PA system
4141:Amplifier
4103:Hard disk
4020:Equalizer
3907:VinylDisc
3753:DVD-Audio
3648:cartridge
3465:Sabamobil
3429:3M Scotch
3387:Fidelipac
3314:cartridge
3295:3/4" tape
3265:1/2" tape
3259:1/4" tape
3103:cartridge
3099:Magnetic
3057:Movietone
3051:Tri-Ergon
3045:Phonofilm
3026:Dictabelt
2992:Long play
2986:Audograph
2783:Physical
1527:process.
1525:mastering
1486:DVD-Audio
1445:Word size
1415:tape head
1325:Recording
1313:Pro Tools
1256:NAMM Show
1248:Super VHS
1189:Billboard
1128:hard disk
1088:Turn Back
936:open reel
822:Ry Cooder
739:Eindhoven
589:With the
495:'s opera
462:Stuttgart
359:Something
291:compander
243:telephony
179:luminance
119:June 2009
4414:ProTools
4391:Software
4381:Theremin
4321:Chiptune
4278:Foldback
4108:MiniDisc
3889:CD Video
3820:HitClips
3777:BD-Audio
3771:DualDisc
3759:DataPlay
3729:MiniDisc
3507:PlayTape
3321:Optaphon
2885:Ediphone
2857:cylinder
2855:Grooved
1639:Archived
1554:See also
1490:DualDisc
1475:aliasing
1428:such as
1376:Playback
1139:Tricycle
1071:becomes
1032:Security
940:15
789:and the
759:and the
704:records
702:Sound 80
656:Sound 80
628:playing
624:and his
607:PCM-1600
575:records
567:released
533:storage.
283:monaural
224:Timeline
147:Zoom H4n
4510:Tape op
4361:Sampler
3877:U-matic
3850:MicroSD
3637:Digital
3561:Elcaset
3471:8-track
3301:3" tape
3289:2" tape
3283:1" tape
2905:(1890s)
2899:(1890s)
2893:(1890s)
2727:9 April
2564:9 April
2422:Discogs
2157:Discogs
2136:9 April
2110:9 April
1904:Discogs
1855:Discogs
1511:When a
1320:Process
1178:Madonna
1149:of DD).
1056:players
1003:Germany
977:Betamax
958:Betamax
933:ProDigi
898:U-matic
735:Philips
611:U-matic
254:SIGSALY
103:scholar
4624:(NIME)
4298:Reverb
3909:(2007)
3903:(2001)
3897:(1991)
3891:(1987)
3885:(1986)
3879:(1971)
3873:(1967)
3864:Hybrid
3852:(2007)
3846:(2004)
3840:(2002)
3834:(2001)
3828:(1999)
3822:(2000)
3816:(1996)
3791:(2014)
3789:MQA-CD
3785:(2013)
3779:(2008)
3773:(2004)
3767:(2004)
3761:(2002)
3755:(2000)
3749:(1999)
3743:(1995)
3737:(1993)
3731:(1992)
3725:(1989)
3719:(1982)
3700:(1993)
3694:(1990)
3688:(1986)
3669:(1992)
3663:(1992)
3657:(1987)
3628:(1993)
3622:(1982)
3616:(1982)
3610:(1980)
3604:(1976)
3581:(1988)
3575:(1985)
3563:(1976)
3557:(1972)
3551:(1972)
3545:(1971)
3539:(1971)
3533:(1969)
3527:(1969)
3521:(1968)
3515:(1967)
3509:(1966)
3503:(1965)
3497:(1965)
3491:(1965)
3485:(1965)
3479:(1964)
3473:(1964)
3467:(1964)
3461:(1964)
3455:(1963)
3449:(1963)
3443:(1962)
3437:(1962)
3431:(1962)
3425:(1962)
3419:(1962)
3413:(1961)
3407:(1961)
3401:(1961)
3395:(1960)
3389:(1959)
3383:(1959)
3377:(1958)
3371:(1958)
3365:(1958)
3359:(1957)
3353:(1957)
3347:(1955)
3341:(1954)
3335:(1953)
3329:(1952)
3323:(1951)
3303:(1978)
3297:(1969)
3291:(1967)
3285:(1957)
3279:(1953)
3273:(1953)
3267:(1953)
3261:(1949)
3255:(1935)
3249:(1928)
3227:(1978)
3221:(1959)
3215:(1953)
3209:(1948)
3203:(1945)
3189:(1900)
3172:(1962)
3166:(1961)
3160:(1955)
3154:(1951)
3148:(1951)
3142:(1951)
3136:(1947)
3130:(1947)
3124:(1944)
3118:(1944)
3112:(1942)
3091:(1898)
3071:(1940)
3065:(1929)
3059:(1926)
3053:(1922)
3047:(1919)
3028:(1947)
3006:(2004)
3000:(1956)
2994:(1948)
2988:(1945)
2982:(1945)
2970:(1920)
2964:(1912)
2958:(1905)
2952:(1889)
2935:(1913)
2929:(1912)
2923:(1908)
2917:(1907)
2911:(1902)
2887:(1888)
2877:(1887)
2867:(1877)
2847:(1857)
2830:Analog
2821:(1883)
2815:(1881)
2652:
2460:
2203:
1787:
1760:
1580:dither
1413:, the
1367:or in
1342:level.
1338:(ADC).
1334:to an
1311:using
1291:1999:
1280:1996:
1233:L-Band
1229:Canada
1223:1990:
1193:chart.
1052:first
927:1980:
618:Telarc
410:1973:
390:Mozart
330:1970:
306:stereo
274:1957:
248:1943:
183:analog
175:chroma
105:
98:
91:
84:
76:
4677:Video
4672:Sound
4576:STEIM
4571:SMPTE
4546:IRCAM
4011:(DAW)
3765:Hi-MD
3537:HiPac
2322:(PDF)
1825:(PDF)
1808:(PDF)
1685:(PDF)
1611:(PDF)
1566:Notes
1515:(the
1455:noise
1434:laser
1385:(DAC)
1263:RADAR
846:E=MC²
435:Paris
433:, in
400:K.421
396:K.458
378:Denon
343:Denon
210:audio
159:audio
157:, an
110:JSTOR
96:books
4346:MIDI
4118:Opus
3895:ADAT
3783:HFPA
3741:HDCD
3698:SDDS
3614:DASH
3101:wire
3081:wire
2729:2018
2650:ISBN
2566:2018
2541:2021
2515:2021
2458:ISBN
2279:2017
2201:ISBN
2138:2018
2112:2018
2025:2017
1999:2017
1785:ISBN
1758:ISBN
1619:2017
1502:FLAC
1479:44.1
1449:The
1432:, a
1430:CD-R
1424:For
1409:For
1359:, a
1307:and
1295:'s "
1284:and
1252:VCRs
1240:ADAT
1101:and
1083:Toto
1045:Sony
1014:ABBA
876:Live
870:Tusk
636:and
501:for
480:PCM.
458:Bach
445:'s "
443:Bach
418:and
398:and
319:and
204:and
177:and
82:news
4113:MP3
4098:DAT
3735:DTS
3692:CDS
1881:doi
1498:WAV
1457:or
1275:AES
1191:200
1163:'s
1105:'s
1095:'s
1085:'s
1041:DDD
975:or
973:VHS
942:ips
867:'s
843:'s
797:'s
779:'s
767:'s
749:'s
737:in
666:'s
640:'s
632:'s
559:'s
546:AES
515:AES
392:'s
361:by
353:by
287:NHK
212:or
161:or
153:In
65:by
4663::
4455:DJ
3686:DD
3661:NT
2720:.
2700:47
2698:.
2694:.
2668:.
2606:.
2582:.
2557:.
2531:.
2505:.
2456:.
2419:.
2394:^
2324:.
2296:.
2229:^
2181:.
2175:.
2154:.
2128:.
2103:.
2015:.
1980:^
1913:^
1901:.
1877:52
1875:.
1852:.
1827:.
1695:39
1693:.
1687:.
1650:^
1550:.
1363:,
1091:,
1012:,
998:,
890:,
834:3M
814:,
785:.
741:,
716:3M
678:3M
538:3M
437:'
349:,
3942:e
3935:t
3928:v
2883:/
2873:/
2776:e
2769:t
2762:v
2745:.
2731:.
2616:.
2592:.
2568:.
2543:.
2517:.
2466:.
2439:.
2425:.
2405:.
2388:.
2342:.
2306:.
2281:.
2254:.
2240:.
2209:.
2160:.
2140:.
2114:.
2064:.
2027:.
2001:.
1974:.
1960:.
1928:.
1907:.
1887:.
1883::
1858:.
1838:.
1793:.
1766:.
1621:.
1395:.
1371:.
1315:.
1235:.
1213:.
1111:.
924:.
697:.
651:.
645:.
338:.
301:.
149:)
132:)
126:(
121:)
117:(
107:·
100:·
93:·
86:·
59:.
36:.
20:)
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