447:
processed, to create a framework for organisational and technical measures in processing of data, laying down norms for social media intermediary, cross-border transfer, accountability of entities processing personal data, remedies for unauthorised and harmful processing, and to establish a Data
Protection Authority of India for the said purposes and for matters connected there with or incidental thereto.
31:
612:
share similar principles but differ in key aspects. The DPDPA-2023 applies only to digital personal data, while GDPR covers all forms of personal data. Unlike GDPR, DPDPA-2023 does not distinguish between personal and sensitive personal data. Both laws grant similar rights to individuals but differ
518:
The
Digital Personal Data Protection Bill, 2023 is the draft version of the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, initially the government has released its the Digital Personal Data Protection Bill, 2022 on 18 November 2022 for public consultation till 2 January 2023 and approved the revised
779:
The processing is for the purpose of ascertaining the financial information and assets and liabilities of any person who has defaulted in payment due on account of a loan or advance taken from a financial institution, subject to such processing being in accordance with the provisions regarding
216:
to provide for the processing of digital personal data in a manner that recognises both the right of individuals to protect their personal data and the need to process such personal data for lawful purposes and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto. This is the first Act of the
775:
The processing is necessary for a scheme of compromise or arrangement or merger or amalgamation of two or more companies or a reconstruction by way of demerger or otherwise of a company, or transfer of undertaking of one or more company to another company, or involving division of one or more
446:
to provide for protection of the privacy of individuals relating to their personal data, specify the flow and usage of personal data, create a relationship of trust between persons and entities processing the personal data, protect the fundamental rights of individuals whose personal data are
58:
An Act to provide for the processing of digital personal data in a manner that recognises both the right of individuals to protect their personal data and the need to process such personal data for lawful purposes and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto.
513:
The Bill provides for the processing of digital personal data in a manner that recognizes both the rights of the individuals to protect their personal data and the need to process such personal data for lawful purposes and for matters connected therewith or incidental
765:
The processing of personal data by any court or tribunal or any other body in India which is entrusted by law with the performance of any judicial or quasi-judicial or regulatory or supervisory function, where such processing is necessary for the performance of such
715:
is setting up the Data
Protection Board of India which will be an adjudicating body. It is a body that adjudicates the dispute between those whose personal data has been given to a platform and the platform which has in turn breached the obligations under the law.
1907:
1433:
451:
It provided for extensive provisions around collection of consent, assessment of datasets, data flows and transfers of personal data, including to third countries and other aspects around anonymized and non-personal data.
794:
The Act is only applicable to the data collected digitally and when offline data gets digitized. Not having the applicability on offline personal data was criticized as there is no framework on how such data is handled.
476:
468:". In an interview with Economic Times, Srikrishna said that, "The government can at any time access private data or government agency data on grounds of sovereignty or public order. This has dangerous implications.ā
1554:
1778:
1425:
1132:
1684:
584:
The obligations of Data
Fiduciaries (that is, persons, companies and government entities who process data) for data processing (that is, collection, storage or any other operation on personal data)
772:
Personal data of Data
Principals not within the territory of India is processed pursuant to any contract entered into with any person outside the territory of India by any person based in India
1494:
609:
746:
Right to nominate a consent manager to manage their data related requests on behalf of a data principal (The right to nominate a person to exercise rights in case of death or incapacity)
1717:
1524:
347:
After the
Government of India has constituted an expert committee under, the committee has sought public consultation on various white papers on data protection framework for India.
1463:
2055:
538:
On 5 July 2023, the cabinet has approved the
Digital Personal Data Protection Bill, 2023 which is the revised version of the bill which was put up for public consulation earlier.
769:
Personal data is processed in the interest of prevention, detection, investigation or prosecution of any offence or contravention of any law for the time being in force in India
342:
On 22 December 2018, the constitution of committee of experts to deliberate on a data protection framework for India takes place by the chairmanship of
Justice B.N. Srikrishna.
532:
415:
391:
227:
1576:
1546:
740:
The terms and conditions and information related to collection of data should be made available in all the 22 languages in the 8th schedule of the Indian constitution
669:
Right to access, correction, erasure, grievance redressal. Unique rights: appoint another to exercise rights on data principalās behalf in event of death/incapacity.
892:
658:
Consent required with some legitimate use cases (e.g., employment, legal obligations, emergencies). Does not include contractual necessity or legitimate interests.
528:
On 18 November 2022, the
Digital Personal Data Protection Bill, 2022 was released for public consultation, the deadline for receiving comments was 17 December 2022
1165:
1399:
2097:
1753:
1015:
343:
1651:
749:
The Act does not permit processing which is detrimental to well-being of children or involves their tracking, behavioral monitoring or targeted advertising
1048:
1370:
672:
Rights to be informed, access, rectification, erasure, restriction of processing, data portability, objection, not to be subject to automated decisions.
1804:
875:
639:
Covers all personal data, digital or otherwise; applies to any organization processing data of individuals within the EU, irrespective of location.
151:
700:
Under section 18 of the
Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, the Data Protection Board of India, an adjudicating body, will be established.
1882:
1486:
851:
Orwellian State is a term to denote draconian control of its people by a state as described in the novel āNineteen Eighty Fourā by George Orwell.
1307:
1950:
1516:
395:
235:
1075:
1455:
804:
409:
367:
434:
and, after receiving the approval of central cabinet, the draft legislation was tabled in the Parliament of India on 11 December 2019.
821:
2030:
356:
On 14 August 2018, the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology sought feedback on the Draft Personal Data Protection Bill.
335:
has set up a data protection framework which started taking steps towards the creation of the data protection legislation after the
519:
version of the earlier draft which was released for public consultation making it the Digital Personal Data Protection Bill, 2023.
979:
571:
has given assent to the Digital Personal Data Protection Bill, 2023 which made it the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023.
1992:
580:
The Act protects digital personal data (that is, the data by which a person may be identified) by providing for the following
1908:"Exclusive: New law on digital competition likely to regulate Big Tech; IT Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw on Data Protection Bill"
695:
594:
1103:
353:
The committee of experts under chairmanship of Justice B.N. Srikrishna has released their Data Protection Committee report.
378:
2092:
1396:"An Emergent Data Regime on the cards: Relooking at data practices, Sameer Avasarala, Anirban Mohapatra and Arun Prabhu"
636:
Regulates digital personal data processing; includes extraterritorial application for offering goods/services in India.
1214:
1172:
776:
companies, approved by a court or tribunal or other authority competent to do so by any law for the time being in force
1395:
1321:
1231:
1197:
321:
1779:"India's new data protection law: How does it differ from GDPR and what does that mean for international businesses?"
1248:
661:
Consent required with explicit bases including legitimate interests, contractual necessity, legal obligations, etc.
617:
Comparison of Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 (DPDPA-2023) and General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)
2087:
560:. The bill was then introduced and passed in the upper house of the Indian Parliament Rajya Sabha on 9 August 2023.
1830:
1856:
1265:
827:
815:
315:
310:
1363:
485:
reports that "there are concerns that the Bill gives the government blanket powers to access citizens' data."
1626:
1601:
809:
419:
336:
306:
1338:
1282:
492:. After it received criticism from stakeholders, opposition and experts the bill was withdrawn from the
325:
171:
541:
On 3 August 2023, the revised version of the Digital Personal Data Protection Bill, 2022 which is the
2056:"Data Protection Law: Focus on accountability & consent, but offline data must be treated at par"
952:"Data Protection Framework | Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, Government of India"
708:
472:
418:
set up a committee to study issues related to data protection. The committee was chaired by retired
165:
Minister of Electronics and Information Technology, Minister of Communications, Minister of Railways
712:
493:
431:
332:
255:
213:
38:
568:
399:
On 3 August 2023, the Digital Personal Data Protection Bill, 2023 was introduced in the Lok Sabha
359:
On 4 December 2019, after further deliberations the Bill was approved by the cabinet ministry of
284:
123:
471:
The role of social media intermediaries is being regulated more tightly on several fronts. The
1725:
1692:
1659:
1577:"Data Protection Bill withdrawn: Roadblocks towards a comprehensive data protection framework"
1140:
1023:
987:
900:
1426:"Personal Data Protection Bill can turn India into 'Orwellian State': Justice BN Srikrishna"
704:
546:
461:
423:
161:
217:
Parliament of India where "she/her" pronouns were used unlike the usual "he/him" pronouns.
489:
1517:"Draft Information Technology [Intermediaries Guidelines (Amendment) Rules] 2018"
925:
394:
released the draft legislation of the data protection framework for public consultation.
71:
606:
587:
The rights and duties of Data Principals (that is, the person to whom the data relates)
564:
2081:
951:
832:
1805:"Data Protection Board To Function As Adjudicator, Not Regulator, Clarifies MoS IT"
762:
The processing of personal data is necessary for enforcing any legal right or claim
482:
1547:"The Personal Data Protection Bill could be a serious threat to Indians' privacy"
464:, the drafter of the original Bill, as having the ability to turn India into an "
384:
On 16 December 2021, the standing committee has submitted its report on the bill.
377:
On 11 December 2019, the Personal Data Protection Bill, 2019 was referred to the
734:
Special provisions for the protection of data related minors (under 18 children)
277:
780:
disclosure of information or data in any other law for the time being in force.
758:
The Act has made exemptions from the regulations related to the Act, they are:
1754:"India's Digital Personal Data Protection Act 2023 vs. the GDPR: A Comparison"
1718:"Digital Personal Data Protection Bill 2023 passed in Rajya Sabha: Key points"
49:
30:
1729:
1696:
1663:
1144:
1027:
991:
904:
893:"Draft data protection Bill uses 'she' and 'her' to refer to all individuals"
557:
550:
465:
371:
266:
251:
535:
has extended the deadline for receiving public comments till 2 January 2023
1883:"Government Expects To Implement New Data Protection Law Within 10 Months"
1198:"Public consulation on White Paper - Data Protection Framework for India"
488:
The bill after being tabled was referred to the JPC which was chaired by
475:
is hoping that the PDP bill will prove the lesser evil compared with the
387:
On 3 August 2022, the Personal Data Protection Bill, 2019 was withdrawn.
1951:"Privacy Notice under the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023"
1016:"Digital Personal Data Protection Bill, 2023 introduced in Lok Sabha"
1857:"Role of Data Protection Board under draft data protection law 2022"
316:
Justice K. S. Puttaswamy (Retd.) and Anr. vs Union Of India And Ors.
1215:"Data Protection Framework - Public consultation meeting at Mumbai"
680:
Permitted unless to jurisdictions restricted by Indian Government.
360:
81:
1049:"Data protection bill passed by Lok Sabha, next stop Rajya Sabha"
430:
in July 2018. The report was later modified several times by the
1652:"Deadline for comments on digital data protection Bill extended"
1456:"Our initial comments on the Personal Data Protection Bill 2019"
590:
Financial penalties for breach of rights, duties and obligations
1133:"Digital Personal Data Protection Bill gets nod from President"
605:
The Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 (DPDPA) and the
1685:"Lok Sabha passes Digital Personal Data Protection Bill, 2023"
1831:"Data Protection Board of India: Composition and its Impact"
350:
The Personal Data Protection Bill, 2018 draft was released.
1993:"Decoding the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023"
1076:"Parliament Passes Digital Personal Data Protection Bill"
2031:"Decoding the Digital Personal Data Protection Act 2023"
625:
Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 (DPDPA-2023)
549:, Minister of Electronics and Information Technology in
703:
The Minister of Electronics and Information Technology
613:
in their approach to legal bases for data processing.
320:
the Supreme court held that the Right to Privacy is a
876:"The Digital Personal Data Protection Bill 2023 PDF"
180:
170:
157:
147:
142:
137:
129:
119:
111:
103:
95:
87:
77:
67:
37:
23:
533:Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology
416:Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology
392:Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology
228:Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology
1627:"The Digital Personal Data Protection Bill, 2023"
1602:"The Digital Personal Data Protection Bill, 2023"
1266:"Feedback on Draft Personal Data Protection Bill"
650:Covers all personal data, including non-digital.
460:The revised 2019 Bill was criticized by Justice
511:
444:
426:. The committee submitted the draft version of
324:protected under Article 21 and Part III of the
243:which was the revised version of the 2022 bill.
280:, the upper house of the Parliament of India.
8:
926:"Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023"
543:Digital Personal Data Protection Bill, 2023
500:Digital Personal Data Protection Bill, 2023
289:Digital Personal Data Protection Bill, 2023
274:Digital Personal Data Protection Bill, 2023
263:Digital Personal Data Protection Bill, 2023
248:Digital Personal Data Protection Bill, 2023
241:Digital Personal Data Protection Bill, 2023
232:Digital Personal Data Protection Bill, 2022
1781:. Herbert Smith Freehills. 10 October 2023
790:Non-applicability to offline personal data
737:Minimum penalty for breach is 50 crore INR
628:General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)
293:Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023
202:Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023
24:Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023
1759:. Latham & Watkins LLP. December 2023
1748:
1746:
1364:"The Personal Data Protection Bill, 2019"
1339:"The Personal Data Protection Bill, 2019"
1283:"The Personal Data Protection Bill, 2019"
1232:"The Personal Data Protection Bill, 2018"
610:General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)
556:On 7 August 2023, the bill was passed by
615:
864:
844:
728:Right to correction and erasure of data
683:Permitted based on adequacy decisions.
55:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2015:
2013:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1798:
1796:
1402:from the original on 28 September 2022
239:5 July 2023: The cabinet approved the
20:
1855:Ganesan, Aarathi (19 November 2022).
1557:from the original on 17 December 2019
1487:"Wikimedia flags worries on data law"
1485:Agarwal, Surabhi (27 December 2019).
1419:
1417:
1376:from the original on 21 December 2019
1322:"Draft Personal Data Protection Bill"
1277:
1275:
1127:
1125:
980:"Cabinet clears Data Protection Bill"
870:
868:
7:
2098:Acts of the Parliament of India 2023
1829:Ganesan, Aarathi (2 November 2023).
1436:from the original on 31 January 2020
1424:Mandavia, Megha (12 December 2019).
1249:"Data Protection Committee - Report"
1098:
1096:
1010:
1008:
974:
972:
946:
944:
942:
940:
938:
1803:Ganguly, Shirsha (30 August 2023).
1527:from the original on 2 January 2020
1074:Chishti, Aiman J. (9 August 2023).
805:Personal Data Protection Bill, 2019
410:Personal Data Protection Bill, 2019
404:Personal Data Protection Bill, 2019
368:Personal Data Protection Bill, 2019
1497:from the original on 30 March 2020
1466:from the original on 11 April 2020
1104:"India gets a data protection law"
822:General Data Protection Regulation
647:Limited to digital personal data.
523:Timeline, introduction and passage
477:Draft Information Technology 2018
186:Consent, Data privacy, Data breach
14:
1955:Bar and Bench - Indian Legal news
1166:"Court Case for right to Privacy"
29:
696:Data Protection Board of India
690:Data Protection Board of India
595:Data Protection Board of India
16:Act of the Parliament of India
1:
1949:G, Sandeep (4 January 2024).
725:Right to access personal data
379:Joint Parliamentary Committee
276:was introduced and passed by
743:Right to grievance redressal
677:Cross-Border Data Transfers
655:Legal Basis for Processing
2116:
2035:Moneylife NEWS & VIEWS
693:
407:
711:stated in press that the
531:On 17 December 2022, the
390:On 18 November 2022, the
366:On 11 December 2019, the
254:, the lower house of the
190:
185:
44:
28:
1631:PRS Legislative Research
1606:PRS Legislative Research
1343:PRS Legislative Research
1287:PRS Legislative Research
828:Data Protection Act 1998
816:Data Protection Act 2018
456:Criticism and withdrawal
428:Personal Data Protection
311:Right to Privacy verdict
234:for public consultation.
143:First chamber: Lok Sabha
120:Assented to by
810:Information privacy law
731:Right to revoke consent
305:On 24 August 2017, the
666:Data Principal Rights
516:
449:
337:Supreme Court of India
331:After the verdict the
307:Supreme Court of India
226:18 November 2022: The
1881:PTI (9 August 2023).
720:Rights and provisions
1809:thelogicalindian.com
1658:. 17 December 2022.
1308:"Withdrawal of PDPB"
899:. 18 November 2022.
709:Rajeev Chandrasekhar
601:Comparison with GDPR
473:Wikimedia Foundation
152:Bill No. 113 of 2023
2093:Privacy legislation
1523:. 30 January 2019.
1462:. 17 January 2020.
618:
563:On 11 August 2023,
494:Parliament of India
432:Government of India
339:'s privacy verdict.
333:Government of India
326:Indian Constitution
287:gave assent to the
256:Parliament of India
214:Parliament of India
212:) is an act of the
138:Legislative history
39:Parliament of India
1912:The Economic Times
1724:. 11 August 2023.
1722:The Times of India
1689:The Economic Times
1491:The Economic Times
1430:The Economic Times
1139:. 12 August 2023.
1137:The Economic Times
713:Central government
616:
569:President of India
545:was introduced by
496:on 3 August 2022.
442:The Bill aims to:
291:which made it the
285:President of India
250:was introduced in
124:President of India
78:Territorial extent
72:Act No. 22 of 2023
2088:Data laws of Asia
1691:. 7 August 2023.
1178:on 28 August 2017
1022:. 3 August 2023.
707:and the then MoS
687:
686:
593:Establishment of
322:fundamental right
313:. In the case of
198:
197:
2105:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2062:. 8 October 2023
2060:Financialexpress
2052:
2046:
2045:
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2027:
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1219:
1211:
1205:
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1202:
1194:
1188:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1177:
1171:. Archived from
1170:
1162:
1156:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1129:
1120:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1110:. 11 August 2023
1100:
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1071:
1065:
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1045:
1039:
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998:
976:
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956:www.meity.gov.in
948:
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930:
922:
916:
915:
913:
911:
889:
883:
882:
880:
872:
852:
849:
705:Ashwini Vaishnaw
619:
607:European Union's
547:Ashwini Vaishnaw
462:B. N. Srikrishna
424:B. N. Srikrishna
283:11 August 2023:
194:Not yet in force
166:
162:Ashwini Vaishnaw
130:Assented to
33:
21:
2115:
2114:
2108:
2107:
2106:
2104:
2103:
2102:
2078:
2077:
2076:
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2049:
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2029:
2028:
2011:
2001:
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1991:
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1969:
1959:
1957:
1948:
1947:
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1113:
1111:
1102:
1101:
1094:
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1073:
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1058:
1056:
1055:. 7 August 2023
1047:
1046:
1042:
1032:
1030:
1014:
1013:
1006:
996:
994:
986:. 5 July 2023.
978:
977:
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958:
950:
949:
936:
928:
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909:
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787:
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722:
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603:
578:
525:
507:
502:
490:Meenakshi Lekhi
466:Orwellian State
458:
440:
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1997:www.ey.com
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859:References
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300:Background
210:DPDPA-2023
50:Long title
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799:See also
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576:Overview
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438:As bill
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