244:, as at that time the accuracy of such measures has already been discredited. However, Lombroso's notes on the lack of empathy, cold-hearted cruelty and indifference, and even on tattoos and racketeer language are picked up at later parts of the book. Moreover, Pollitz supports Lombroso's description of the habitual female criminal, whose physical built is supposedly very similar to a man's body. In the following topics of the book, Pollitz bases several sub-topics on areas that Lombroso already identified as being significant to criminal statistics and crucial to consider in mathematical analyses.
266:
point that women who are increasingly participating in non-traditional work would lead to a larger number of criminal women, as this work is not in accord with the “Natur des
Geschlechts” (English: “nature of the sex”). Additionally, Pollitz justifies the far higher number of male criminals, which has a ratio of 5:1 to female criminals, with the higher number of possible crimes that men can be prosecuted for. As an example, he indicates child's murder or
332:. Nevertheless, he agrees that the most important factors are considered and the less scientific features, like Lombroso's anthropological notion, are discarded. Further criticism hints at the fact that Pollitz only enlists the factors which increase the frequency of criminal acts, but he does not provide any idea of improvement on economic, social, or cultural matters, nor does he indicate a potentially better-fit treatment for mentally-ill criminals.
279:
starke GefĂĽhlsbeeinflussung macht sie zu unsicheren
Zeuginnen, besonders wenn eigene Interessen (Freundschaft, Liebe, Feindschaft, Hass) mit in Frage kommen." (English: Not only women's inability to reproduce experiences and observations without interference of imaginations and phantasies, but also the strong influence of emotions makes women uncertain witnesses, especially when her interests (friendship, love, enmity, hate) are affected.)
299:, which Pollitz explains to be heritable. As an illustration of such, he shows a pedigree with all the crimes existent in that family. However, it is important to note that with the example itself, he does not claim "lunatics" to be wild apes but rather that mania in its common meaning might be an heritable illness.
319:
The following book receptions refer to the first edition of
Pollitz's Die Psychologie der Verbrecher (1908). However, there are few differences between the first and the second edition, as the presently reviewed second edition mostly differs in the calculated statistics, which are updated for the new
265:
could be observed by decreasing marriage rates and an increasing variety of work that women took part in. The slight reluctance to such independence might be sensed when reading through
Pollitz's description of sex differences in criminal acts. By quoting other authors on criminality, he supports the
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decrease in number with increasing age, the result of such illness is solely the changed character without the visible physiological symptoms. Taking into account previous illnesses like epilepsy when evaluating a criminal's motives can improve understanding of some criminal acts. Pollitz’ s general
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was the first to refute a relation of physical aspects and criminality-likelihood with an extensive study that compared non-criminals to convicts on numerous physical features and mental abilities. Goring's results, published in 1913, could not support
Lombroso's findings on inheritable criminality.
278:
shows a much higher ratio for women than for men (8:3). Perjury is described as a typical "female crime", justified by the following observation: "Nicht nur die Unfähigkeit der Frauen, Erlebtes und
Beobachtetes ohne Beimengung von Erfundenem und Phantastischem zu reproduzieren, sondern auch die
162:
for a variety of different crime types based on the statistics of the early 20th century. The focus lies on three main causes for committing crimes, which can interact or are presented in solitude. These causes depict crimes as a result of socio-economic circumstances, impaired psyche, and/ or
178:, presents different frequency numbers and trends of crimes in various background, including for instance sex, age, profession, and marriage relations to crime. Furthermore, the fourth main section deals with specific criminal psychology and describes crimes of people with
327:
Even though Upson (1911) does not indicate the opposite, he is restricting his enthusiasm by commenting on the downside of
Pollitz's handbook. Upson mentions the limitations of content in so far that the book only focuses on a few causes for
252:
Pollitz emphasizes the importance of statistics in criminal psychology, for which it is essential to also inspect the reasons for a decrease or increase in criminality. Here are a few examples of his disquisition on criminal statistics:
320:
year of publication (1916). Generally, Pollitz was a respected prison director and therefore, his research was perceived as reliable and accurate. Especially
Henderson (1912) describes the first edition and Pollitz's only other book,
218:, and, according to Lombroso, explains a large number of criminal acts. Further, Lombroso stated that criminality is an inheritable feature which can be detected by presence of tattoos or a felon's
306:. Its resulting degeneration of character is widely considered in criminal psychology, as it is strongly related to idiocy, indifference, egoism and sometimes tremendous cruelty. Further, when
324:(1910) in a very positive light by using terms as "remarkable" and "illuminating". Moreover, he finds the information given by the handbook informative and properly researched.
190:, puberty, and others. The closing words highlight the areas, which the author believes to be most crucial to interfere with in order to decrease the frequency of crime.
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and performed extensive analyses on physiological, psychological, zoological and ethnological characteristics of criminals. Based on his results, he concluded that a
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conclusion states, that the relation of mental impairment and crime is most often some form of deteriorated intelligence related to a variety of different crimes.
342:
170:
The book is divided into five main categories, which include an introduction to the necessity of criminal psychology, followed by the second section on
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person to be responsible for his or her actions. The first described type of psychological characteristics related to crime reminds of the
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can be seen as a regression of the human being to his very roots as a wild, uncivilized person. This regression is also called
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of a criminal's psychological characteristics. Afterwards, the third main section, namely general criminal psychology and
274:. Furthermore, Pollitz describes that the previously mentioned ratio varies between different crime types and especially
751:
227:
In the presently reviewed book, Pollitz refers to
Lombroso and his theory's current status in criminal psychology.
158:, Germany, in 1916. It is a summary of previous findings on psychological, social and economic characteristics of
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During the end of the 19th century, criminal psychology became known as a proper field of studies due to
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Pollitz denies the correctness of
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At the time of publication, a small step in the direction of improving
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to be hardly provable, whereas men could easily be found guilty for
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Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5
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674:
Journal of the American Institute of Criminal Law and Criminology
248:
General criminal psychology - Overview of criminal statistics
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Prisons in the Late Ottoman Empire: Microcosms of Modernity
584:. Washington, D.C: American Psychiatric Association. 2013.
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recently published theory of evolution, Lombroso conducted
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Even at the time of publication, the law prevented any
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Die Psychologie des Verbrechers - Kriminalpsychologie
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Die Psychologie des Verbrechers - Kriminalpsychologie
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Die Psychologie des Verbrechers – Kriminalpsychologie
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648:. Edinburgh University Press. pp. 57–58.
150:; 2nd edition) was a book written by Dr. med.
343:Die Psychologie des Verbrechens - eine Kritik
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672:(September 1912), "Reviews and Criticism",
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707:Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology
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146:(English: The psychology of a felon –
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302:A further type of mental illness is
283:Relation of mental illness and crime
47:Aus Natur und Geisteswelt, Issue 248
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462:. Washington and Lee University
297:antisocial personality disorder
456:"Criticism of Lombroso's Work"
1:
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16:1916 book by Paul Pollitz
703:"Book Reviews and Notes"
208:anthropological research
257:Psychology of the sexes
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322:Strafe und Verbrechen
194:Historical background
132:Strafe und Verbrechen
757:Psychology textbooks
295:characteristics for
122:128 (second edition)
752:Criminal psychology
148:criminal psychology
60:criminal psychology
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495:, p. 121-126.
433:, p. 127-128.
308:epileptic seizures
421:, p. 53-127.
370:, p. Vowort.
289:mentally disabled
236:Lombroso's theory
212:habitual criminal
172:Lombroso's theory
167:of the criminal.
154:and published in
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101:Publication place
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180:mental illnesses
127:Preceded by
92:Publication date
64:crime statistics
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464:. Retrieved
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263:emancipation
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188:prostitution
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152:Paul Pollitz
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134:(1910)
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30:Paul Pollitz
699:Upson, L.D.
330:criminality
242:physiognomy
220:physiognomy
165:personality
56:criminology
746:Categories
736:. Teubner.
680:(3): 490,
350:References
272:sex crimes
184:alcoholism
176:statistics
114:print book
713:(5): 825.
315:Reception
160:criminals
80:Publisher
28:Dr. med.
732:(1916).
701:(1911).
686:41955365
644:(2014).
336:See also
304:epilepsy
268:abortion
74:handbook
36:Language
293:DSM-5's
276:perjury
231:Content
216:atavism
156:Leipzig
105:Germany
84:Teubner
52:Subject
684:
652:
588:
466:16 May
44:Series
39:German
25:Author
682:JSTOR
355:Notes
119:Pages
70:Genre
650:ISBN
586:ISBN
468:2017
96:1916
86:(DE)
748::
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387:^
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.