44:
331:
is more prevalent in well-developed countries as opposed to disadvantaged and resource poor nations. The parasite is also endemic in crowded communities (i.e institutions), populations with unsatisfactory sanitation conditions, and individuals who travel to underprivileged countries. Globally, the
310:
is also searched for throughout the body. The age and clinical status of the patient will determine the treatment given. If the patient is a child, a temporary treatment would be offered to test if symptoms can be alleviated, otherwise, another diagnosis and treatment are required. If the child is
293:
In order to diagnose the parasite, patients are required to provide (multiple) fresh stool samples that have been preserved for parasite examination. The multiple samples are required because of parasite detection being difficult, therefore, a sample might be obtained each day to help increase the
315:
is the primary drug treatment for dientamoebiasis, unfortunately there are side effects such as abdominal cramping, nausea, and rash. There are other medications that treat dientamoebiasis, including paromomycin and metronidazole. Tetracycline and doxycycline have also been used as a form of
457:
form is a spindle structure located between the nuclei, which stems from certain polar configurations adjacent to a nucleus; these configurations appear to be homologous to hypermastigotes’ atractophores. A complex Golgi apparatus is seen; the nuclear structure of
284:
does not penetrate the host tissue directly; therefore, some of these symptoms may be caused from irritation which then leads to colonic motility. Infection can occur at any age; however, the most common ages that have been reported are children 5–10 years old.
188:
found in the gastrointestinal tract of some humans, pigs and gorillas. It causes gastrointestinal upset in some people, but not in others. It is an important cause of traveller's diarrhoea, chronic diarrhoea, fatigue and, in children,
363:
lacks flagella, having secondarily lost them over evolutionary time. Thus, it is an amoeba of flagellate ancestry. In point of ultrastructural and antigenic view, Dientamoeba is reclassified as a flagellate.
201:
cells are able to survive and move in fresh feces but are sensitive to aerobic environments. They dissociate when in contact or placed in saline, tap water or distilled water.
2996:
426:
When inside the host, the parasite infects the mucosal crypts of the large intestine. They primarily affect the cecum and proximal colon. It is assumed that when
3022:
2659:
336:
ranges from 0.3% to 90%, occurring in multiple countries including many urbanized cities such as Los
Angeles, California and Sydney, Australia. Recently,
430:
is inside the colon, it reproduces asexually by binary fission. From there, the trophozoites are in the lumen of the colon, and are excreted as wastes.
2983:
3009:
1008:
449:
that contain ingested debris, including bacteria. Waste materials are eliminated from the cell through digestive vacuoles by exocytosis.
3078:
2836:
1047:
858:
3035:
1080:
927:
Munasinghe, V. S.; Vella, N. G.; Ellis, J. T.; Windsor, P. A.; Stark, D (2013). "Cyst formation and faecal-oral transmission of
2652:
1075:
445:
replicates by binary fission, moves by pseudopodia, and feeds by phagocytosis. The cytoplasm typically contains numerous food
280:), has been reported. In another study, eosinophilia was present in half of the infected children participating in the case.
3014:
268:, is associated variously with symptoms of abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss, nausea, fatigue and fever. In one study,
1159:
1149:
1132:
3073:
3068:
316:
treatment. Drugs such as secnidazole and ornidazole have been used as well, but are not available in the United States.
371:
of this parasite has not yet been completely determined, but some assumptions have been made based on clinical data. A
2970:
2785:
3083:
2645:
3027:
475:
2779:
2771:
2716:
1164:
807:
2938:
2805:
2557:
1040:
2547:
466:. Also notable is the presence of hydrogenosomes, which are also a characteristic of other trichomonads.
2895:
2760:
2604:
2594:
2491:
1750:
1442:
1432:
1127:
368:
156:
122:
2599:
2569:
2293:
2251:
2065:
2038:
1346:
2496:
2288:
2070:
1954:
1735:
1699:
1526:
1437:
43:
3040:
2574:
2506:
2501:
2193:
1868:
1858:
1817:
1812:
1680:
1675:
1646:
2589:
2537:
2524:
2486:
2481:
2405:
2283:
2278:
2198:
1889:
1848:
542:"Host-Protozoan Interactions Protect from Mucosal Infections through Activation of the Inflammasome"
3063:
2798:
2794:
2756:
2675:
2532:
2439:
1995:
1745:
1725:
1704:
1651:
1378:
1234:
327:
has an estimated prevalence throughout the United States. Unlike majority of parasitic infections,
2349:
2273:
1843:
1838:
1730:
1586:
1484:
1479:
2764:
2710:
2410:
2400:
1969:
1516:
1239:
1144:
1122:
1110:
1085:
51:
2637:
2434:
2417:
2395:
1964:
372:
3001:
2075:
1504:
2830:
2724:
2668:
1531:
1154:
1117:
1105:
1095:
1033:
1004:
948:
909:
854:
764:
711:
648:
571:
522:
454:
190:
1521:
842:
2975:
2752:
2422:
2367:
1774:
1286:
1069:
940:
899:
891:
754:
746:
701:
693:
638:
630:
561:
553:
512:
380:
375:
has been reported, although it is yet to be independently confirmed (as of 2013). If true,
2915:
2870:
2701:
2692:
2579:
2429:
2359:
2153:
1769:
1278:
265:
966:
596:
260:
should be considered to be a harmless organism or a pathogenic parasite. Infection with
2901:
2886:
2821:
2730:
2564:
2475:
2185:
2140:
2017:
2005:
1974:
1494:
1474:
1399:
1100:
904:
875:
759:
730:
706:
677:
566:
541:
782:
643:
614:
3057:
2742:
2683:
2372:
2240:
2131:
2048:
1663:
1603:
1454:
1427:
1309:
193:. Despite this, its role as a "commensal, pathobiont, or pathogen" is still debated.
750:
517:
496:
2444:
2231:
1944:
1641:
1598:
1593:
1244:
1219:
273:
634:
944:
244:; they do not survive long in the stool after leaving the body of the human host.
2460:
2327:
2122:
2060:
1939:
1636:
1619:
1575:
1566:
1224:
356:
218:
110:
98:
2961:
557:
2875:
2861:
2390:
2055:
1628:
1556:
1511:
1320:
312:
197:
is one of the smaller parasites that are able to live in the human intestine.
2852:
2337:
2314:
2261:
2221:
2028:
1915:
1908:
1794:
1762:
1467:
1229:
731:"Prospective study of the prevalence, genotyping, and clinical relevance of
601:
86:
62:
952:
913:
768:
715:
652:
575:
526:
17:
615:"Emerging from obscurity: biological, clinical, and diagnostic aspects of
2955:
2672:
2268:
2148:
2108:
1757:
1462:
1269:
1211:
1139:
1056:
697:
388:
185:
74:
895:
2988:
1202:
1181:
446:
2932:
462:
is more similar to that of flagellated trichomonads than to that of
1001:
Hydrogenosomes and mitosomes: mitochondria of anaerobic eukaryotes
434:
is not considered to be invasive nor cause cell or tissue damage.
272:
was identified in 0.9% of patients observed. Its coincidence with
2936:
2641:
1029:
729:
Stark D, Beebe N, Marriott D, Ellis J, Harkness J (June 2005).
407:, which is known to be transmitted by the eggs of the helminth
931:—the missing link in the life cycle of an emerging pathogen".
383:. Prior to the report of this cyst stage in the lifecycle of
1025:
874:
Lagacé-Wiens PR, VanCaeseele PG, Koschik C (August 2006).
841:
Elbakri, Ali; Al-Qahtani, Ahmed; Samie, Amidou (2015).
2945:
2885:
2860:
2851:
2820:
2741:
2700:
2691:
2682:
2517:
2468:
2459:
2383:
2358:
2336:
2312:
2239:
2230:
2219:
2184:
2177:
2170:
2139:
2130:
2121:
2106:
2016:
1985:
1932:
1925:
1900:
1879:
1828:
1802:
1793:
1715:
1689:
1662:
1627:
1618:
1574:
1565:
1554:
1453:
1417:
1410:
1389:
1368:
1361:
1336:
1329:
1318:
1307:
1277:
1268:
1261:
1210:
1201:
1194:
1179:
240:refers to the fact that the trophozoite stages are
453:possesses some flagellate characteristics. In the
399:spp.). The rationale for this suggestion was that
231:eric environment in which the organism is found.
497:"Irritable bowel syndrome: the need to exclude
423:is a possible vector and mode of transmission.
311:asymptomatic, then treatment is not necessary.
298:since the two parasites are known to coincide.
613:Johnson EH, Windsor JJ, Clark CG (July 2004).
2653:
1041:
359:. Trichomonads are flagellated organisms but
294:sensitivity. Patients can also be tested for
8:
682:: A harmless commensal or a mild pathogen?"
591:
589:
587:
585:
2933:
2857:
2697:
2688:
2660:
2646:
2638:
2465:
2342:
2320:
2309:
2236:
2227:
2181:
2174:
2136:
2127:
2118:
2114:
1929:
1799:
1668:
1624:
1571:
1562:
1414:
1365:
1333:
1326:
1315:
1274:
1265:
1207:
1198:
1191:
1187:
1048:
1034:
1026:
836:
834:
832:
672:
670:
668:
666:
664:
662:
403:is closely related to the turkey parasite
387:, transmission was postulated to occur by
42:
31:
903:
880:: an emerging role in intestinal disease"
758:
705:
642:
565:
516:
340:was considered to be more prevalent than
735:infections in an Australian population"
487:
933:International Journal for Parasitology
344:, thus leading to better diagnostics.
256:There is continuous debate on whether
802:
800:
495:Windsor JJ, Macfarlane L (May 2005).
415:is known to frequently coinfect with
27:Parasite of humans, pigs and gorillas
7:
540:Chudnovskiy, Aleksey (August 2016).
419:, this leads to the assumption that
2837:Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis
25:
851:An Overview of Tropical Diseases
629:(3): 553–70, table of contents.
248:It was first described in 1918.
221:(feeding stage of the organism).
751:10.1128/JCM.43.6.2718-2723.2005
518:10.4269/ajtmh.2005.72.5.0720501
379:is probably transmitted by the
969:Dientamoeba fragilis: Biology"
853:. IntechOpen. pp. 61–82.
597:Dientamoeba Fragilis Infection
511:(5): 501, author reply 501–2.
184:is a species of single-celled
1:
635:10.1128/CMR.17.3.553-570.2004
977:. Center for Disease Control
945:10.1016/j.ijpara.2013.06.003
2786:Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis
3100:
3079:Protists described in 1918
849:. In Samie, Amidou (ed.).
558:10.1016/j.cell.2016.08.076
2345:
2323:
2308:
2117:
1671:
1190:
1063:
476:List of parasites (human)
162:
155:
52:Scientific classification
50:
41:
34:
2772:Cutaneous leishmaniasis
2717:African trypanosomiasis
278:Enterobius vermicularis
2806:Visceral leishmaniasis
2896:Trichomonas vaginalis
999:Tachezy, Jan (2010).
686:Paediatr Child Health
505:Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg
276:, caused by pinworm (
172:Jeeps et Dobell, 1918
2976:Dientamoeba_fragilis
2947:Dientamoeba fragilis
2910:Dientamoeba fragilis
2558:Spirotrichonymphidae
2554:Spirotrichonymphida
929:Dientamoeba fragilis
878:Dientamoeba fragilis
845:Dientamoeba fragilis
810:Dientamoeba fragilis
793:. 17 September 2020.
785:Dientamoeba fragilis
733:Dientamoeba fragilis
680:Dientamoeba fragilis
623:Clin. Microbiol. Rev
617:Dientamoeba fragilis
499:Dientamoeba fragilis
353:Dientamoeba fragilis
325:Dientamoeba fragilis
199:Dientamoeba fragilis
181:Dientamoeba fragilis
166:Dientamoeba fragilis
36:Dientamoeba fragilis
3074:Parasites of humans
3069:Parasitic excavates
2548:Hypotrichomonadidae
2544:Hypotrichomonadida
896:10.1503/cmaj.060265
2605:Tritrichomonadidae
2595:Monocercomonadidae
2586:Tritrichomonadida
2492:Spirotrichosomidae
1751:Trypanoplasmatidae
1716:Metakinetoplastina
1696:Prokinetoplastida
1443:Psalteriomonadidae
1433:Paravahlkampfiidae
739:J. Clin. Microbiol
698:10.1093/pch/3.2.81
552:(2): 444–456.e14.
123:Monocercomonadidae
3084:Metamonad species
3051:
3050:
2939:Taxon identifiers
2930:
2929:
2926:
2925:
2847:
2846:
2831:Naegleria fowleri
2816:
2815:
2669:Parasitic disease
2635:
2634:
2631:
2630:
2627:
2626:
2623:
2622:
2619:
2618:
2615:
2614:
2600:Simplicimonadidae
2570:Honigbergiellidae
2455:
2454:
2373:Carpediemonadidae
2304:
2303:
2294:Streblomastigidae
2252:Paratrimastigidae
2248:Paratrimastigida
2215:
2214:
2211:
2210:
2207:
2206:
2166:
2165:
2162:
2161:
2102:
2101:
2098:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2090:
2089:
2086:
2085:
2066:Euglenamorphaceae
2039:Euglenomonadaceae
2035:Euglenomonadales
1789:
1788:
1785:
1784:
1690:Prokinetoplastina
1614:
1613:
1550:
1549:
1546:
1545:
1542:
1541:
1532:Stephanopogonidae
1400:Neovahlkampfiidae
1396:Neovahlkampfiida
1357:
1356:
1347:Pharyngomonadidae
1343:Pharyngomonadida
1337:Pharyngomonadidea
1303:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1295:
1294:
1257:
1256:
1253:
1252:
1010:978-3-642-09542-9
692:(2): 81–2. 1998.
234:The species name
191:failure to thrive
177:
176:
16:(Redirected from
3091:
3044:
3043:
3031:
3030:
3018:
3017:
3005:
3004:
2992:
2991:
2979:
2978:
2966:
2965:
2964:
2934:
2858:
2802:
2768:
2753:Leishmania major
2698:
2689:
2662:
2655:
2648:
2639:
2497:Staurojoeninidae
2466:
2445:Retortamonadidae
2368:Carpediemonadida
2343:
2321:
2310:
2289:Saccinobaculidae
2237:
2228:
2182:
2175:
2137:
2128:
2119:
2115:
2071:Euglenocapsaceae
1955:Heteronemataceae
1951:Heteronematales
1930:
1800:
1775:Trypanosomatidae
1736:Rhynchomonadidae
1700:Ichthyobodonidae
1669:
1625:
1572:
1563:
1527:Percolomonadidae
1438:Plaesiobystridae
1415:
1366:
1334:
1327:
1316:
1287:Tsukubamonadidae
1275:
1266:
1208:
1199:
1192:
1188:
1092:
1072:
1050:
1043:
1036:
1027:
1015:
1014:
996:
990:
987:
984:
982:
963:
957:
956:
924:
918:
917:
907:
871:
865:
864:
843:"4. Advances on
838:
827:
826:
824:
822:
804:
795:
794:
779:
773:
772:
762:
726:
720:
719:
709:
674:
657:
656:
646:
610:
604:
593:
580:
579:
569:
537:
531:
530:
520:
492:
381:fecal-oral route
306:Once diagnosed,
168:
148:D. fragilis
46:
32:
21:
3099:
3098:
3094:
3093:
3092:
3090:
3089:
3088:
3054:
3053:
3052:
3047:
3039:
3034:
3026:
3021:
3013:
3008:
3000:
2995:
2987:
2982:
2974:
2969:
2960:
2959:
2954:
2941:
2931:
2922:
2916:Dientamoebiasis
2881:
2871:Giardia lamblia
2843:
2812:
2792:
2780:L. braziliensis
2750:
2737:
2702:Trypanosomiasis
2693:Trypanosomatida
2678:
2666:
2636:
2611:
2580:Trichomonadidae
2575:Tricercomitidae
2529:Cristamonadida
2513:
2507:Trichonymphidae
2502:Teratonymphidae
2451:
2440:Chilomastigidae
2430:Retortamonadida
2379:
2360:Carpediemonadea
2354:
2332:
2317:
2300:
2224:
2203:
2194:Ancyromonadidae
2158:
2154:Malawimonadidae
2111:
2082:
2012:
1981:
1921:
1896:
1875:
1869:Sphenomonadidae
1859:Sphenomonadidae
1824:
1818:Sphenomonadidae
1813:Petalomonadidae
1809:Petalomonadida
1781:
1770:Trypanosomatida
1711:
1685:
1681:Trypanophididae
1676:Bordnamonadidae
1658:
1647:Eupelagonemidae
1610:
1559:
1538:
1512:Percolomonadida
1449:
1406:
1390:Neovahlkampfiea
1385:
1353:
1323:
1312:
1291:
1279:Tsukubamonadida
1249:
1184:
1175:
1174:
1090:
1068:
1059:
1054:
1024:
1019:
1018:
1011:
998:
997:
993:
980:
978:
965:
964:
960:
926:
925:
921:
873:
872:
868:
861:
840:
839:
830:
820:
818:
806:
805:
798:
781:
780:
776:
728:
727:
723:
676:
675:
660:
612:
611:
607:
594:
583:
539:
538:
534:
494:
493:
489:
484:
472:
440:
421:E. vermicularis
417:E. vermicularis
350:
322:
308:E. vermicularis
304:
296:E. vermicularis
291:
266:dientamoebiasis
254:
252:Dientamoebiasis
207:
173:
170:
164:
151:
137:
125:
113:
101:
89:
77:
65:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3097:
3095:
3087:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3056:
3055:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3045:
3032:
3019:
3006:
2993:
2980:
2967:
2951:
2949:
2943:
2942:
2937:
2928:
2927:
2924:
2923:
2921:
2920:
2919:
2918:
2906:
2905:
2904:
2902:Trichomoniasis
2891:
2889:
2887:Trichomonadida
2883:
2882:
2880:
2879:
2866:
2864:
2855:
2849:
2848:
2845:
2844:
2842:
2841:
2840:
2839:
2826:
2824:
2822:Schizopyrenida
2818:
2817:
2814:
2813:
2811:
2810:
2809:
2808:
2790:
2789:
2788:
2776:
2775:
2774:
2747:
2745:
2739:
2738:
2736:
2735:
2734:
2733:
2731:Chagas disease
2721:
2720:
2719:
2706:
2704:
2695:
2686:
2680:
2679:
2667:
2665:
2664:
2657:
2650:
2642:
2633:
2632:
2629:
2628:
2625:
2624:
2621:
2620:
2617:
2616:
2613:
2612:
2610:
2609:
2608:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2590:Dientamoebidae
2584:
2583:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2565:Trichomonadida
2562:
2561:
2560:
2552:
2551:
2550:
2542:
2541:
2540:
2538:Devescovinidae
2535:
2527:
2525:Hexamastigidae
2521:
2519:
2515:
2514:
2512:
2511:
2510:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2487:Hoplonymphidae
2484:
2482:Burmanymphidae
2476:Trichonymphida
2472:
2470:
2463:
2457:
2456:
2453:
2452:
2450:
2449:
2448:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2435:Caviomonadidae
2427:
2426:
2425:
2415:
2414:
2413:
2408:
2406:Spironucleidae
2403:
2398:
2387:
2385:
2381:
2380:
2378:
2377:
2376:
2375:
2364:
2362:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2352:
2346:
2340:
2334:
2333:
2331:
2330:
2328:Anaeramoebidae
2324:
2318:
2313:
2306:
2305:
2302:
2301:
2299:
2298:
2297:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2284:Pyrsonymphidae
2281:
2279:Polymastigidae
2276:
2266:
2265:
2264:
2256:
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157:Binomial name
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2751:
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2350:Kipferliidae
2274:Oxymonadidae
2232:Anaeromonada
2178:Planomonadea
1945:Anisonemidae
1914:
1907:
1880:Entosiphonea
1844:Keelungiidae
1839:Decastavidae
1835:Decastavida
1731:Neobodonidae
1722:Neobodonida
1642:Diplonemidae
1599:Calkinsiidae
1594:Postgaardida
1587:Bihospitidae
1583:Bihospitida
1491:Tetramitida
1485:Naegleriidae
1480:Tulamoebidae
1411:Eutetramitia
1245:Stygiellidae
1220:Andaluciidae
1150:Opisthokonta
1003:. Springer.
1000:
994:
988:
981:December 10,
979:. Retrieved
976:
972:
968:
961:
936:
932:
928:
922:
890:(5): 468–9.
887:
883:
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869:
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844:
819:. Retrieved
815:
812:- Treatment"
809:
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742:
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732:
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391:eggs (e.g.,
384:
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320:Epidemiology
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274:enterobiasis
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147:
146:
134:
70:(unranked):
35:
29:
2795:L. donovani
2757:L. mexicana
2461:Parabasalia
2423:Dysnectidae
2411:Hexamitidae
2401:Octomitidae
2384:Eopharyngia
2269:Oxymonadida
2171:Planomonada
2061:Euglenaceae
1970:Distigmidae
1940:Anisonemida
1865:Ploeotiida
1637:Diplonemida
1620:Glycomonada
1576:Postgaardea
1567:Postgaardia
1517:Barbeliidae
1475:Naegleriida
1418:Lyromonadea
1240:Ophirinidae
1225:Histionidae
847:Infections"
821:December 9,
460:D. fragilis
455:binucleated
451:D. fragilis
443:D. fragilis
432:D. fragilis
428:D. fragilis
413:D. fragilis
401:D. fragilis
385:Dientamoeba
377:D. fragilis
361:D. fragilis
357:trichomonad
338:D. fragilis
334:D. fragilis
329:D. fragilis
282:D. fragilis
270:D. fragilis
262:D. fragilis
258:D. fragilis
195:D. fragilis
135:Dientamoeba
99:Parabasalia
18:Dientamoeba
3064:Metamonads
3058:Categories
2876:Giardiasis
2765:L. tropica
2671:caused by
2418:Dysnectida
2396:Giardiidae
2222:Metamonada
2056:Euglenales
1965:Astasiidae
1933:Anisonemea
1629:Diplonemea
1557:Euglenozoa
1362:Tetramitia
1321:Percolozoa
482:References
405:Histomonas
397:Enterobius
373:cyst stage
313:Iodoquinol
87:Metamonada
2853:Trichozoa
2711:T. brucei
2338:Fornicata
2315:Trichozoa
2076:Phacaceae
2029:Rapazidae
2025:Rapazida
1986:Peranemea
1926:Spirocuta
1795:Euglenida
1763:Bodonidae
1505:Creneidae
1501:Creneida
1468:Acrasidae
1230:Jakobidae
1145:Amoebozoa
1123:Alveolata
1111:Cryptista
1086:Eukaryota
975:Parasites
602:eMedicine
464:Entamoeba
409:Heterakis
369:lifecycle
302:Treatment
289:Diagnosis
264:, called
205:Etymology
186:excavates
142:Species:
63:Eukaryota
3002:11270102
2962:Q1834255
2956:Wikidata
2799:infantum
2725:T. cruzi
2676:protozoa
2673:Excavata
2149:Imasidae
2123:Neolouka
2109:Loukozoa
1909:Hemiolia
1829:Alistosa
1758:Bodonida
1463:Acrasida
1270:Tsukubea
1212:Jakobida
1195:Jakobida
1140:Amorphea
1118:Rhizaria
1106:Hacrobia
1096:Excavata
1081:Bacteria
1057:Excavata
953:23872523
914:16940260
769:15956388
716:20401204
653:15258093
576:27716507
527:15891119
470:See also
447:vacuoles
411:. Since
389:helminth
237:fragilis
118:Family:
82:Phylum:
75:Excavata
58:Domain:
2989:3210229
1916:Liburna
1901:Karavia
1522:Lulidae
1369:Lunosea
1203:Jakobea
1182:Discoba
1155:Animals
1076:Archaea
905:1550747
760:1151954
707:2851273
567:5129837
393:Ascaris
342:Giardia
242:fragile
130:Genus:
106:Order:
94:Class:
3041:637551
1133:Plants
1070:Domain
1007:
951:
912:
902:
857:
767:
757:
714:
704:
651:
644:452553
641:
574:
564:
525:
3036:WoRMS
3028:43352
3015:43840
2997:IRMNG
1160:Fungi
787:FAQs"
438:Build
3023:NCBI
3010:ITIS
2984:GBIF
1005:ISBN
983:2016
949:PMID
910:PMID
884:CMAJ
855:ISBN
823:2016
765:PMID
712:PMID
649:PMID
572:PMID
546:Cell
523:PMID
367:The
2971:AFD
941:doi
900:PMC
892:doi
888:175
816:CDC
791:CDC
755:PMC
747:doi
702:PMC
694:doi
639:PMC
631:doi
600:at
562:PMC
554:doi
550:167
513:doi
229:ent
225:Ent
215:two
3060::
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2999::
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2763:/
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937:43
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661:^
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509:72
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503:.
395:,
211:Di
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2874:(
2661:e
2654:t
2647:v
2480:†
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1049:e
1042:t
1035:v
1013:.
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