604:
638:
621:
658:
585:
537:
560:
424:
666:
358:
714:
335:
More expensive than hydrocarbons. Higher Dk compared to other perfluoroalkanes. Non flammable and non toxic. Low
348:
336:
316:
292:
64:
683:
90:, high thermal stability and inertness against the construction materials used, non-flammability and low
102:
68:
40:
256:
High dielectric constant. Fire
Resistant. Biodegradable PCB replacement. Low temperature fluidity.
87:
124:. Electrical discharge may cause production of impurities degrading the dielectric's performance.
106:
36:
376:
High thermal capacity, good cooling properties. Low electrical conductivity when free of ions.
239:
High dielectric constant. Flammable. Refined and dried castor oil is used in some high voltage
581:
575:
533:
527:
675:
324:
72:
56:
432:
412:
183:
132:
128:
109:
occurs, the discharge channel does not leave a permanent conductive trace in the fluid.
679:
489:
458:
366:
136:
117:
708:
447:
397:
95:
261:
44:
112:
The electrical properties tend to be strongly influenced by dissolved gases (e.g.
172:
48:
17:
280:
228:
60:
32:
304:
240:
52:
35:
material in liquid state. Its main purpose is to prevent or rapidly quench
121:
91:
381:
214:
80:
195:
113:
76:
291:
More expensive than hydrocarbons. Non flammable and non toxic. High
315:
More expensive than hydrocarbons. Non flammable and non toxic. Low
467:
423:
Cryogenic. Used as coolant with many low-temperature sensors and
532:. Tata McGraw Hill Education Private Limited. p. 85.
407:
Cryogenic. Highly flammable with combustible materials.
120:), dust, fibers, and especially ionic impurities and
659:"The Dielectric Properties of Insulating Materials"
275:More expensive than hydrocarbons. Less flammable.
357:Formerly used in transformers and capacitors.
657:Murphy, E. J.; Morgan, S. O. (October 1937).
8:
652:
650:
648:
361:, toxic, now phased out. Low flammability.
599:
597:
86:A good liquid dielectric should have high
633:
631:
141:
127:Some examples of dielectric liquids are
616:
614:
605:"3M Fluorinert Electronic Liquid FC-72"
521:
519:
517:
515:
513:
511:
509:
507:
505:
501:
143:Overview of common liquid dielectrics
577:Chemistry and Technology of Silicones
7:
205:Flammable. Used in some capacitors.
680:10.1002/j.1538-7305.1937.tb00765.x
25:
39:. Dielectric liquids are used as
639:"3M Novec 7100 Engineered Fluid"
526:Naidu, S.; Kamaraju, V. (2009).
425:high-temperature superconductors
622:"3M Novec 649 Engineered Fluid"
574:Walter Noll (2 December 2012).
67:). Its function is to provide
1:
667:Bell System Technical Journal
561:"Lanxess Lubricant Additives"
359:Persistent organic pollutant
248:Hatcol 5005 synthetic ester
580:. Elsevier. pp. 468–.
319:. Boiling point of 49 °C.
731:
182:Flammable. Common type of
98:properties, and low cost.
465:
446:
431:
411:
396:
380:
365:
349:Polychlorinated biphenyls
347:
323:
303:
279:
260:
247:
227:
209:
190:
171:
166:
154:Max. breakdown strength (
153:
150:
147:
529:High Voltage Engineering
337:global warming potential
317:global warming potential
293:global warming potential
101:Liquid dielectrics are
65:high voltage switchgear
442:Cryogenic. Flammable.
339:. Boiling point of 61
295:. Boiling point of 56
457:Cryogenic. Used with
69:electrical insulation
41:electrical insulators
151:Dielectric constant
79:, and to serve as a
144:
88:dielectric strength
47:applications, e.g.
37:electric discharges
715:Liquid dielectrics
563:. 8 November 2019.
392:Toxic, flammable.
142:
107:electric breakdown
607:. 27 August 2019.
587:978-0-323-14140-6
481:
480:
29:liquid dielectric
16:(Redirected from
722:
699:
698:
696:
694:
688:
682:. Archived from
663:
654:
643:
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635:
626:
625:
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609:
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601:
592:
591:
571:
565:
564:
557:
551:
550:
548:
546:
523:
342:
298:
281:Fluorinert FC-72
269:
163:
162:
158:
145:
133:perfluoroalkanes
21:
18:Dielectric fluid
730:
729:
725:
724:
723:
721:
720:
719:
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573:
572:
568:
559:
558:
554:
544:
542:
540:
525:
524:
503:
498:
486:
459:superconductors
433:Liquid hydrogen
413:Liquid nitrogen
340:
296:
267:
184:transformer oil
160:
156:
155:
129:transformer oil
55:, high voltage
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
728:
726:
718:
717:
707:
706:
701:
700:
674:(4): 493–512.
644:
627:
610:
593:
586:
566:
552:
538:
500:
499:
497:
494:
493:
492:
490:Dielectric gas
485:
482:
479:
478:
475:
472:
470:
463:
462:
455:
452:
450:
444:
443:
440:
437:
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429:
428:
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409:
408:
405:
402:
400:
394:
393:
390:
387:
384:
378:
377:
374:
372:
369:
367:Purified water
363:
362:
355:
353:
351:
345:
344:
333:
330:
327:
321:
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307:
301:
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277:
276:
273:
270:
264:
258:
257:
254:
252:
249:
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244:
237:
235:
232:
231:natural ester
225:
224:
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207:
206:
203:
200:
198:
188:
187:
180:
177:
175:
169:
168:
165:
152:
149:
137:purified water
118:carbon dioxide
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
727:
716:
713:
712:
710:
693:September 27,
689:on 2013-10-19
685:
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541:
539:9780070669284
535:
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495:
491:
488:
487:
483:
476:
473:
471:
469:
464:
460:
456:
453:
451:
449:
448:Liquid helium
445:
441:
438:
436:
434:
430:
426:
422:
419:
416:
414:
410:
406:
403:
401:
399:
398:Liquid oxygen
395:
391:
388:
385:
383:
379:
375:
373:
370:
368:
364:
360:
356:
354:
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146:
140:
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125:
123:
119:
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110:
108:
104:
99:
97:
96:heat transfer
93:
89:
84:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
19:
691:. Retrieved
684:the original
671:
665:
576:
569:
555:
543:. Retrieved
528:
262:Silicone oil
210:
191:
126:
111:
103:self-healing
100:
85:
49:transformers
45:high voltage
28:
26:
477:Cryogenic.
223:Flammable.
173:Mineral oil
167:Properties
71:, suppress
496:References
474:1.10–1.42
325:Novec 7100
241:capacitors
229:Castor oil
105:; when an
61:switchgear
53:capacitors
33:dielectric
332:>0.01
312:>0.16
305:Novec 649
288:>0.16
709:Category
545:July 24,
484:See also
420:1.6-1.9
272:1.0-1.2
266:2.3–2.8
202:1.1–1.3
122:moisture
92:toxicity
63:(namely
466:Liquid
382:Benzene
215:Heptane
159:⁄
94:, good
81:coolant
584:
536:
341:
297:
196:Hexane
135:, and
114:oxygen
77:arcing
73:corona
59:, and
57:cables
687:(PDF)
662:(PDF)
468:argon
268:(-20)
148:Name
31:is a
695:2020
582:ISBN
547:2015
534:ISBN
454:0.7
439:1.0
417:1.43
404:2.4
389:1.1
386:2.28
343:°C.
299:°C.
285:1.75
179:1.0
75:and
676:doi
329:7.4
309:1.8
251:3.2
234:4.7
116:or
43:in
711::
672:16
670:.
664:.
647:^
630:^
613:^
596:^
504:^
461:.
427:.
371:78
243:.
186:.
164:)
161:cm
157:MV
139:.
131:,
83:.
51:,
27:A
697:.
678::
641:.
624:.
590:.
549:.
213:-
211:n
194:-
192:n
20:)
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