31:
198:. Three weeks later, the Pope declared Henry deposed and excommunicated him. He released all his subjects from their oath of allegiance, which soon became a serious threat for Henry's authority. In October, the German
108:
archbishop. Three years later Pope
Alexander II died and was succeeded by Hildebrand of Soana, who named himself Pope Gregory VII. An ardent proponent of the papal supremacy over Henry's emperorship, he promoted the
190:
The assembly declared the Pope deposed and the bishops abandoned all obedience to him. Henry had a letter drawn up to
Gregory, calling him 'Hildebrand the false monk' and demanding his resignation (
149:
king allied with the German episcopacy, benefitting from their hostile stance on the
Gregorian Reform and a centralisation of church authority. Of the 38 German bishops, 24 attended. Led by the
130:
died in April 1075, all signals pointed to reconciliation. Not until Henry IV again interfered in the Milan struggles and appointed Tebald da
Castiglione archbishop, as well as bishops of
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280:
270:
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of March 1075, including the principle that the papal title is unique in the world and that it may even be permitted to him to depose emperors.
290:
135:
168:
138:, both on papal territory, the conflict escalated. In December 1075, Pope Gregory sent a harsh letter to Henry, threatening him with
156:
285:
199:
164:
68:
195:
105:
97:
275:
160:
80:
35:
179:, who had already cut ties with the Pope, spoke damningly against Gregory. On the other hand, Archbishop
219:
180:
224:
176:
64:
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and ultimately asked the king to reconcile with the Pope. In
January 1077 Henry had to take the
184:
101:
151:
110:
76:
207:
172:
139:
87:
146:
115:
72:
264:
17:
127:
79:, and Henry's success in achieving this outcome marked the beginning of the
30:
92:
203:
96:
reformers in the city, gave up his see. He recommended the subdeacon
59:
104:. While Henry IV appointed Gotofredo in 1070, the patarines elected
54:
29:
100:his successor, who, however, was excommunicated by
194:). The demand was conveyed to Rome by the cleric
75:. It was intended to agree a condemnation of
8:
27:Ecclesiastical synod convened by Henry IV
34:Emperor Henry IV, from a gospel book of
235:
183:, a supporter of Gregory like Bishop
159:, Henry's supporters included Bishop
7:
281:Imperial Diets (Holy Roman Empire)
90:, facing the rising forces of the
25:
271:1070s in the Holy Roman Empire
1:
39:
291:Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor
210:, to salvage his kingship.
307:
98:Gotofredo da Castiglione
286:Investiture Controversy
122:Nevertheless, when the
81:Investiture Controversy
71:on 24 January 1076, at
67:king and emperor-elect
53:was an ecclesiastical
46:
33:
244:The Papacy 1073-1198
220:Battle on the Elster
161:Adalbero of Würzburg
145:Under pressure, the
113:as expressed in the
18:Diet of Worms (1076)
192:descende, descende!
181:Gebhard of Salzburg
86:In 1067 Archbishop
57:and imperial diet (
36:St. Emmeram's Abbey
225:Concordat of Worms
177:Hugh of Remiremont
165:William of Utrecht
157:Siegfried of Mainz
63:) convened by the
47:
185:Altmann of Passau
167:, as well as the
102:Pope Alexander II
16:(Redirected from
298:
256:
255:Robinson, p. 37.
253:
247:
242:I. S. Robinson,
240:
152:primas Germaniae
111:Gregorian Reform
77:Pope Gregory VII
44:
41:
21:
306:
305:
301:
300:
299:
297:
296:
295:
261:
260:
259:
254:
250:
241:
237:
233:
216:
208:Road to Canossa
196:Roland of Parma
187:, stayed away.
173:Henri de Verdun
140:excommunication
42:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
304:
302:
294:
293:
288:
283:
278:
276:1076 in Europe
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263:
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258:
257:
248:
246:(1990) p. 402.
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229:
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215:
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116:Dictatus papae
88:Guido of Milan
51:Synod of Worms
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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292:
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155:, Archbishop
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37:
32:
19:
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202:gathered at
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121:
114:
91:
85:
58:
50:
48:
175:. Cardinal
163:and Bishop
43: 1106
265:Categories
128:Erlembald
214:See also
69:Henry IV
200:princes
171:bishop
132:Spoleto
126:leader
124:pataria
93:pataria
204:Trebur
147:Salian
65:German
60:Hoftag
231:Notes
169:Liège
136:Fermo
73:Worms
55:synod
134:and
106:Atto
49:The
267::
142:.
83:.
40:c.
45:)
38:(
20:)
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