1113:
efficacy. These viruses are integral components of diverse ecosystems, including the human microbiome. Their unique attributes, such as specificity, potency, compatibility with biological systems, and ability to kill fungi, make them attractive candidates for therapeutic interventions. However, challenges remain in terms of their production scalability, formulation, stability, and the emergence of fungal resistance, which hinders their widespread adoption. Prior to clinical use, phages intended for therapy require thorough purification, characterization, and validation of their virulence. While further research is needed, phage therapy holds promise in the fight against antifungal resistance that other therapies struggle to address.
1109:, are potent against candidiasis, which has grown resistant to fluconazole because of the differences in their action mechanism. However, resistance to echinocandins can still develop through point mutations within highly conserved regions of the FKS1 and FKS2 genes through the exposure of members of this class. These genes encode for an enzyme called β-1,3-glucan synthase, responsible for building the yeast’s cell wall. Mutations in this enzyme reduce resistance to antifungal medications that target this enzyme and affect the yeast’s ability to construct its cell wall.
625:
602:
51:
42:
1084:
3566:
1315:
Powder for oral suspension contains sucrose and should not be used in patients with hereditary fructose, glucose/galactose malabsorption or sucrase-isomaltase deficiency. Capsules contain lactose and should not be given to patients with rare hereditary problems of galactose intolerance, Lapp lactase
1417:
is not significantly affected by the absence of stomach acid. Concentrations measured in the urine, tears, and skin are approximately 10 times the plasma concentration, whereas saliva, sputum, and vaginal fluid concentrations are approximately equal to the plasma concentration, following a standard
1079:
While combination therapy offers the benefits of faster and more extensive fungal eradication, including a reduced risk of resistance or tolerance, it also presents challenges. These include potential increases in toxicity, costs, and the need for standardized practices to test the efficacy of the
1047:
The rising fungal resistance to fluconazole and related azole drugs spurs the need to find effective combative solutions swiftly. Rising resistance raises concerns since fluconazole is commonly used due to its inexpensiveness and ease of administration, according to the World Health
Organization.
1112:
Another promising avenue is the integration of phage therapy, which has shown successive results in functional therapies. Phages, viruses that infect microbes including fungi, exhibit potent antimicrobial effects against various resistant fungal strains, demonstrating remarkable specificity and
1051:
One possible solution to counter the increasing prevalence of
Candida infections–fungal infections caused by the yeast Candida–is combination antifungal therapy, combining natural components with commercial antifungal drugs to combat resistance. Research shows that natural substances can have
948:
infections in people with healthy immune systems, including infections of the bloodstream, kidney, or joints. Other antifungals are usually preferred when the infection is in the heart or central nervous system, and for the treatment of active infections in people with weak immune
1281:
Some people are allergic to azoles, so those allergic to other azole drugs might be allergic to fluconazole. That is, some azole drugs have adverse side-effects. Some azole drugs may disrupt estrogen production in pregnancy, affecting pregnancy outcome.
901:
ring. While the imidazole antifungals are mainly used topically, fluconazole and certain other triazole antifungals are preferred when systemic treatment is required because of their improved safety and predictable absorption when administered orally.
2530:
Xu Y, Wang Y, Yan L, Liang RM, Dai BD, Tang RJ, et al. (November 2009). "Proteomic analysis reveals a synergistic mechanism of fluconazole and berberine against fluconazole-resistant
Candida albicans: endogenous ROS augmentation".
1462:
2137:
1542:
1244:
In 2011, the US FDA reports that treatment with chronic, high doses of fluconazole during the first trimester of pregnancy may be associated with a rare and distinct set of birth defects in infants.
1567:
Surov AO, Voronin AP, Vasilev NA, Churakov AV, Perlovich GL (20 December 2019). "Cocrystals of
Fluconazole with Aromatic Carboxylic Acids: Competition between Anhydrous and Hydrated Solid Forms".
248:
2411:
Mølgaard-Nielsen D, Svanström H, Melbye M, Hviid A, Pasternak B (January 2016). "Association
Between Use of Oral Fluconazole During Pregnancy and Risk of Spontaneous Abortion and Stillbirth".
1340:
to lesser extent) In theory, therefore, fluconazole decreases the metabolism and increases the concentration of any drug metabolised by these enzymes. In addition, its potential effect on
1270:. Thus, it is used with caution in patients with risk factors for prolonged QT interval, such as electrolyte imbalance or use of other drugs that may prolong the QT interval (particularly
3626:
1647:
956:
infections in people with weak immune systems, such as those neutropenic due to cancer chemotherapy, those with advanced HIV infections, transplant patients, and premature infants.
183:
2327:
Kragie L, Turner SD, Patten CJ, Crespi CL, Stresser DM (August 2002). "Assessing pregnancy risks of azole antifungals using a high throughput aromatase inhibition assay".
1509:
1052:
specified interactions with cell components, increasing the intracellular concentration of associated antifungal drugs and their effectiveness. For example, Brazilian red
3601:
2133:
2047:
Fuentefria AM, Pippi B, Dalla Lana DF, Donato KK, de
Andrade SF (January 2018). "Antifungals discovery: an insight into new strategies to combat antifungal resistance".
975:
class tends to occur gradually over the course of prolonged drug therapy, resulting in clinical failure in immunocompromised patients (e.g., patients with advanced
1531:
73:
721:
3631:
1032:
1008:. Development of resistance to one azole in this way will confer resistance to all drugs in the class. Another resistance mechanism employed by both
1097:, recommended as the first method of treatment against invasive candidiasis. The three echinocandins currently licensed for medical use, namely
2508:
2134:"FDA Alert: Diflucan (fluconazole): Drug Safety Communication - Long-term, High-dose Use During Pregnancy May be Associated with Birth Defects"
3520:
2804:
2658:
2625:
2455:
2236:
1695:
866:
2479:
1862:
1832:
2200:
1385:. Mammalian demethylase activity is much less sensitive to fluconazole than fungal demethylase. This inhibition prevents the conversion of
1659:
1701:
3606:
2682:
1951:
1921:
1031:
The full spectrum of fungal susceptibility and resistance to fluconazole can be found in the product data sheet. According to the US
1905:
1810:
1648:"Fluconazole (Diflucan): Drug Safety Communication - FDA Evaluating Study Examining Use of Oral Fluconazole (Diflucan) in Pregnancy"
741:
1979:
1433:
In a bulk powder form, it appears as a white crystalline powder, and it is very slightly soluble in water and soluble in alcohol.
697:
1501:
1020:
and major facilitator superfamily transporters. Other gene mutations are also known to contribute to development of resistance.
2302:
1308:(Propulsid) due to the possibility of serious, even fatal, heart problems. In rare cases, severe allergic reactions including
959:
As a second-line agent for the treatment of cryptococcal meningoencephalitis, a fungal infection of the central nervous system.
384:
233:
105:
1781:
1625:
1180:
Common (≥1% of patients): rash, headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and/or elevated liver enzymes
3287:
2170:
1751:
2741:"Evolution of Fluconazole-Resistant Candida albicans Strains by Drug-Induced Mating Competence and Parasexual Recombination"
3621:
3586:
2854:
2712:
1897:
3556:
1207:
3611:
1653:
494:
1004:. These mutations prevent the azole drug from binding, while still allowing binding of the enzyme's natural substrate,
124:
3537:
2565:
Pfizer
Australia Pty Ltd. Diflucan (Australian Approved Product Information). West Ryde (NSW): Pfizer Australia; 2004.
1430:, the remainder being excreted in urine and sweat. Patients with impaired renal function will be at risk of overdose.
581:
3616:
3591:
1445:
in 1981 in the United
Kingdom and came into commercial use in 1988. Patent expirations occurred in 2004 and 2005.
3355:
3325:
2797:
2577:"Dose response effect of high-dose fluconazole for HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis in southwestern Uganda"
1715:
3220:
968:
1397:, and subsequent accumulation of 14α-methyl sterols. Fluconazole is primarily fungistatic; however, it may be
1093:
An alternative to combination therapy for those who had prior exposure to Azoles is antifungal drugs of class
1252:
it may result in harm. These cases of harm, however, were only in women who took large doses for most of the
3525:
3455:
925:
161:
620:
3492:
3139:
1356:
infections. Fluconazole may increase the serum concentration of
Erythromycin (Risk X: avoid combination).
831:
749:
InChI=1S/C13H12F2N6O/c14-10-1-2-11(12(15)3-10)13(22,4-20-8-16-6-18-20)5-21-9-17-7-19-21/h1-3,6-9,22H,4-5H2
327:
3596:
1419:
1173:
816:
780:
1301:
is still low. Women using fluconazole during pregnancy have a 50% higher risk of spontaneous abortion.
873:. In 2021, it was the 165th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 3
570:
2790:
1394:
1058:
1017:
350:
2504:
50:
3282:
3098:
2649:
Whalen K, Feild C, Radhakrishnan R (21 September 2018). Whalen K, Feild C, Radhakrishnan R (eds.).
2575:
Longley N, Muzoora C, Taseera K, Mwesigye J, Rwebembera J, Chakera A, et al. (December 2008).
2487:
1294:
1238:
597:
409:
172:
168:
3445:
3415:
3410:
2352:
1870:
1840:
1584:
1345:
1267:
1184:
1067:
870:
796:
176:
135:
2192:
1382:
1001:
1958:
1080:
combination. Therefore, it is crucial to critically evaluate the role of combination therapy.
1056:, an organic bee liquid, synergizes with fluconazole to combat common yeast infections such as
41:
3306:
2770:
2664:
2654:
2631:
2621:
2598:
2548:
2461:
2451:
2428:
2393:
2344:
2294:
2242:
2232:
2115:
2064:
2029:
1901:
1691:
1685:
890:
859:
784:
550:
290:
277:
260:
63:
2084:"Bacteriophages and the One Health Approach to Combat Multidrug Resistance: Is This the Way?"
3450:
3400:
2760:
2752:
2588:
2540:
2420:
2383:
2336:
2284:
2276:
2105:
2095:
2056:
2019:
2009:
1723:
1576:
1211:
992:
919:
907:
855:
812:
637:
309:
2690:
1929:
503:
418:
3570:
3032:
3022:
1414:
1378:
1325:
1253:
839:
808:
483:
337:
317:
1806:
815:. It is also used to prevent candidiasis in those who are at high risk such as following
1975:
624:
601:
3531:
3462:
3405:
3375:
3360:
3128:
3017:
2765:
2740:
2289:
2110:
2083:
2024:
1997:
1219:
1126:
913:
835:
804:
800:
3580:
3365:
3261:
3235:
3042:
2994:
2960:
2915:
2885:
2480:"Diflucan (Fluconazole) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more"
1588:
1467:
1423:
1298:
1223:
1098:
930:
851:
792:
708:
613:
97:
2739:
Popp C, RamĂrez-Zavala B, Schwanfelder S, KrĂĽger I, Morschhäuser J (February 2019).
2261:
1352:
has been shown to exert synergistic effects with fluconazole even in drug-resistant
1028:
is mediated by reduced sensitivity of the target enzyme to inhibition by the agent.
865:
Fluconazole was patented in 1981 and came into commercial use in 1988. It is on the
3487:
3472:
3385:
3315:
3231:
3065:
3060:
3052:
3047:
3037:
3027:
2945:
2935:
2930:
2920:
2905:
2895:
2880:
2821:
2817:
2356:
2162:
1773:
1621:
1413:
Following oral dosing, fluconazole is almost completely absorbed within two hours.
1286:
1199:
1195:
1132:
1094:
1087:
894:
216:
211:
206:
201:
196:
191:
83:
2705:"Pfizer to Expand Fluconazole Donation Program to More than 50 Developing Nations"
1743:
443:
3506:
3467:
3425:
3395:
3296:
3240:
3176:
3164:
3004:
2970:
2965:
2955:
2950:
2925:
2900:
1341:
1309:
1263:
1233:
1227:
1139:
1102:
980:
847:
824:
820:
788:
91:
2704:
2100:
3496:
3477:
3440:
3435:
3420:
3390:
3370:
3335:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3206:
3185:
3150:
3103:
2940:
2890:
2875:
2839:
2813:
2668:
2635:
2246:
1427:
1398:
1390:
1386:
1290:
1161:
1157:
1106:
1073:
1005:
673:
474:
2465:
3482:
3430:
3159:
3118:
3084:
2910:
2866:
2782:
2424:
1580:
1502:"Diflucan- fluconazole tablet; Diflucan- fluconazole powder, for suspension"
1370:
1349:
1305:
1271:
1249:
1215:
1146:
898:
363:
77:
33:
2774:
2602:
2552:
2432:
2397:
2348:
2298:
2119:
2068:
2033:
1720:
World Health
Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019
1259:
Fluconazole is secreted in human milk at concentrations similar to plasma.
2756:
2388:
2371:
2340:
1285:
Oral fluconazole is not associated with a significantly increased risk of
1016:
is increasing the rate of efflux of the azole drug from the cell, by both
3380:
3123:
3075:
2985:
2280:
1374:
1275:
1203:
1191:
1053:
886:
843:
454:
119:
2372:"Use of oral fluconazole during pregnancy and the risk of birth defects"
2262:"Lack of allergic cross-reactivity between fluconazole and voriconazole"
2014:
1728:
1072:, a tree species native to wet tropical biomes, plays a similar role in
463:
17:
3501:
3113:
2229:
Goodman & Gilman's : the Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics
1998:"Antifungal resistance: current trends and future strategies to combat"
1329:
1083:
429:
2544:
2060:
1442:
1337:
1333:
858:
family of medication. It is believed to work by affecting the fungal
561:
368:
1348:
if used concurrently with other drugs that prolong the QT interval.
2593:
2576:
1401:
against certain organisms in a dose-dependent manner, specifically
530:
523:
2850:
1142:, if 400 mg per day multidose of fluconazole is administered;
1082:
1024:
develops resistance by up regulating CDR genes, and resistance in
972:
696:
687:
541:
342:
941:
infections of the vagina ("yeast infections"), throat, and mouth.
1926:
Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics
1153:
514:
296:
271:
2786:
1952:"Spectrum of fungal susptibility and resistance to fluconazole"
1418:
dose range of between 100 mg and 400 mg per day. The
897:) in that its structure contains a triazole ring instead of an
284:
114:
1149:, especially when fluconazole is administered in high dosages;
976:
1131:
have known hypersensitivity to other azole medicines such as
586:
242:
146:
830:
Common side effects include vomiting, diarrhea, rash, and
2370:
Mølgaard-Nielsen D, Pasternak B, Hviid A (August 2013).
1976:"Antifungal Resistance | Fungal Disease | CDC"
1732:. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
255:
2227:
Brunton LL, Knollmann BC, Hilal-Dandan R, eds. (2018).
867:
World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines
766:
3554:
2169:. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists.
1900:
2006. Adelaide: Australian Medicines Handbook; 2006.
1624:. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists.
1496:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1377:-class antifungals, fluconazole inhibits the fungal
3348:
3324:
3305:
3281:
3274:
3219:
3198:
3175:
3149:
3138:
3097:
3074:
2984:
2865:
2849:
2838:
2829:
707:
685:
672:
636:
631:
612:
580:
560:
540:
513:
493:
473:
453:
428:
408:
375:
362:
349:
336:
326:
316:
308:
232:
227:
182:
160:
134:
104:
90:
72:
62:
57:
2499:
2497:
1991:
1989:
1924:. In Brunton LL, Chabner BA, Knollmann BC (eds.).
905:Fluconazole's spectrum of activity includes most
1801:
1799:
1539:List of nationally authorised medicinal products
1316:deficiency, or glucose-galactose malabsorption
1121:Fluconazole is contraindicated in patients who:
889:antifungal medication. It differs from earlier
442:
2222:
2220:
2218:
1541:. European Medicines Agency. 12 November 2020.
996:, resistance occurs by way of mutations in the
846:. During pregnancy it may increase the risk of
417:
1145:concomitant administration of fluconazole and
3627:World Health Organization essential medicines
2798:
2193:"Prescribing medicines in pregnancy database"
1262:Fluconazole therapy has been associated with
1176:associated with fluconazole therapy include:
8:
2231:(13th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education LLC.
123:
32:
2651:Lippincott Illustrated Reviews Pharmacology
2157:
2155:
3278:
3146:
2862:
2846:
2835:
2805:
2791:
2783:
1915:
1913:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1033:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
819:, low birth weight babies, and those with
623:
600:
482:
2764:
2592:
2387:
2288:
2109:
2099:
2023:
2013:
1727:
1324:Fluconazole is an inhibitor of the human
502:
1679:
1677:
1463:"Product monograph brand safety updates"
1426:, and only 10% of elimination is due to
1266:prolongation, which may lead to serious
3561:
1704:from the original on 10 September 2017.
1454:
1393:, an essential component of the fungal
1289:overall, although it does increase the
746:
726:
596:
462:
389:
96:
2173:from the original on 27 September 2014
2140:from the original on 28 September 2011
1690:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 503.
614:
31:
3602:Lanosterol 14α-demethylase inhibitors
2511:from the original on 21 December 2016
2269:Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
1813:from the original on 10 February 2015
1774:"Fluconazole - Drug Usage Statistics"
1722:. Geneva: World Health Organization.
1628:from the original on 20 December 2016
1548:from the original on 24 February 2024
1512:from the original on 22 February 2024
1304:Fluconazole should not be taken with
933:, among others. Common uses include:
569:
549:
82:
7:
2715:from the original on 30 October 2020
1754:from the original on 15 January 2024
1228:anaphylactic/anaphylactoid reactions
823:. It is given either by mouth or by
215:
205:
195:
2376:The New England Journal of Medicine
834:. Serious side effects may include
529:
522:
433:
3632:General cytochrome P450 inhibitors
885:Fluconazole is a first-generation
729:OC(Cn1cncn1)(Cn1cncn1)c1ccc(F)cc1F
25:
2618:Basic & clinical pharmacology
2308:from the original on 11 June 2011
2203:from the original on 8 April 2014
1982:from the original on 19 May 2017.
1328:system, particularly the isozyme
1183:Infrequent (0.1–1% of patients):
3564:
1996:Wiederhold NP (29 August 2017).
1784:from the original on 8 July 2020
869:. Fluconazole is available as a
660:
654:
648:
251:(Pharmacist only) / S4
49:
40:
3288:thymidylate synthase inhibitors
2616:Katzung BG (30 November 2017).
2260:Pinto A, Chan RC (April 2009).
2049:Letters in Applied Microbiology
1928:(12th ed.). Archived from
1922:"Chapter 57: Antifungal Agents"
1684:Fischer J, Ganellin CR (2006).
1658:. 26 April 2016. Archived from
1532:"Active substance: Fluconazole"
1039:strains in the US is about 7%.
1035:, fluconazole resistance among
754:Key:RFHAOTPXVQNOHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
400:-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol
2448:Rang & Dale's pharmacology
937:The treatment of non-systemic
666:
642:
1:
2002:Infection and Drug Resistance
1898:Australian Medicines Handbook
1687:Analogue-based Drug Discovery
1190:Rare (<0.1% of patients):
1076:, another common antifungal.
2581:Clinical Infectious Diseases
2533:Journal of Proteome Research
2450:. Elsevier Health Sciences.
1654:Food and Drug Administration
1441:Fluconazole was patented by
929:, some dimorphic fungi, and
850:while large doses may cause
358:30 hours (range 20–50 hours)
2446:Rang HP (21 January 2015).
1569:Crystal Growth & Design
821:low blood neutrophil counts
392:2-(2,4-Difluorophenyl)-1,3-
3648:
2101:10.3390/antibiotics9070414
632:Chemical and physical data
3607:Drugs developed by Pfizer
3515:
3356:bromochlorosalicylanilide
3326:Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase
2620:. McGraw-Hill Education.
1716:World Health Organization
1066:. The essential oil from
762:
737:
717:
713:139 °C (282 °F)
380:
48:
39:
1208:Stevens–Johnson syndrome
979:receiving treatment for
854:. Fluconazole is in the
2425:10.1001/jama.2015.17844
1865:Cryptococcal Infections
1581:10.1021/acs.cgd.9b01490
1422:of fluconazole follows
1187:, fatigue, constipation
926:Cryptococcus neoformans
877:million prescriptions.
832:increased liver enzymes
3140:Squalene monooxygenase
2977:Systemic: ketoconazole
2484:reference.medscape.com
2082:Garvey M (July 2020).
1344:increases the risk of
1174:Adverse drug reactions
1090:
1000:gene, which codes for
3168:Systemic: terbinafine
2757:10.1128/mBio.02740-18
2389:10.1056/NEJMoa1301066
2341:10.1081/ERC-120015045
2197:Australian Government
1744:"The Top 300 of 2021"
1508:. 21 September 2023.
1420:elimination half-life
1232:Very rare: prolonged
1086:
969:Antifungal resistance
825:injection into a vein
817:organ transplantation
783:used for a number of
781:antifungal medication
27:Antifungal medication
3622:Triazole antifungals
3587:Antiprotozoal agents
3456:Whitfield's ointment
3283:Pyrimidine analogues
3099:Polyene antimycotics
2281:10.1128/AAC.01500-08
1395:cytoplasmic membrane
1069:Nectandra lanceolata
1043:Combating Resistance
1018:ATP-binding cassette
3612:Phenylethanolamines
2693:on 16 January 2009.
2015:10.2147/IDR.S124918
1978:. 25 January 2019.
1932:on 31 December 2013
1920:Bennett JE (2011).
1295:tetralogy of Fallot
1268:cardiac arrhythmias
1239:torsades de pointes
280:(Prescription only)
36:
3542:Never to phase III
3446:tribromometacresol
3416:sodium thiosulfate
3411:selenium disulfide
3307:Mitotic inhibitors
2709:Kaiser Health News
2653:. Wolters Kluwer.
2329:Endocrine Research
1873:on 3 February 2015
1863:"IDSA Guidelines:
1843:on 3 February 2015
1835:Candida Infections
1833:"IDSA Guidelines:
1346:cardiac arrhythmia
1091:
952:The prevention of
871:generic medication
797:coccidioidomycosis
3617:Tertiary alcohols
3592:CYP3A4 inhibitors
3552:
3551:
3344:
3343:
3270:
3269:
3221:β-glucan synthase
3215:
3214:
3194:
3193:
3093:
3092:
2660:978-1-4963-8413-3
2627:978-1-259-64115-2
2587:(12): 1556–1561.
2545:10.1021/pr9005074
2539:(11): 5296–5304.
2490:on 23 April 2014.
2457:978-0-7020-5362-7
2238:978-1-259-58473-2
2061:10.1111/lam.12820
1964:on 14 March 2016.
1896:Rossi S, editor.
1697:978-3-527-60749-5
1117:Contraindications
944:Certain systemic
911:species (but not
891:azole antifungals
860:cellular membrane
785:fungal infections
774:
773:
698:Interactive image
582:CompTox Dashboard
300:
288:
275:
258:
246:
150:
117:
16:(Redirected from
3639:
3569:
3568:
3567:
3560:
3451:undecylenic acid
3401:potassium iodide
3279:
3147:
2863:
2847:
2836:
2807:
2800:
2793:
2784:
2778:
2768:
2725:
2724:
2722:
2720:
2701:
2695:
2694:
2689:. Archived from
2679:
2673:
2672:
2646:
2640:
2639:
2613:
2607:
2606:
2596:
2572:
2566:
2563:
2557:
2556:
2527:
2521:
2520:
2518:
2516:
2501:
2492:
2491:
2486:. Archived from
2476:
2470:
2469:
2443:
2437:
2436:
2408:
2402:
2401:
2391:
2367:
2361:
2360:
2324:
2318:
2317:
2315:
2313:
2307:
2292:
2275:(4): 1715–1716.
2266:
2257:
2251:
2250:
2224:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2208:
2199:. 3 March 2014.
2189:
2183:
2182:
2180:
2178:
2159:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2145:
2130:
2124:
2123:
2113:
2103:
2079:
2073:
2072:
2044:
2038:
2037:
2027:
2017:
1993:
1984:
1983:
1972:
1966:
1965:
1963:
1957:. Archived from
1956:
1948:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1917:
1908:
1894:
1883:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1869:. Archived from
1859:
1853:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1839:. Archived from
1829:
1823:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1803:
1794:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1770:
1764:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1740:
1734:
1733:
1731:
1712:
1706:
1705:
1681:
1672:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1662:on 29 April 2016
1644:
1638:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1618:
1593:
1592:
1575:(2): 1218–1228.
1564:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1547:
1536:
1528:
1522:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1498:
1481:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1459:
1409:Pharmacokinetics
1365:Pharmacodynamics
1354:Candida albicans
1248:If taken during
1212:thrombocytopenia
971:to drugs in the
920:Candida glabrata
876:
856:azole antifungal
813:tinea versicolor
787:. This includes
770:
769:
700:
680:
668:
662:
656:
650:
644:
627:
616:
605:
604:
590:
588:
573:
553:
533:
526:
506:
486:
466:
446:
436:
435:
421:
354:
298:
295:
286:
283:
273:
270:
266:
257:
254:
244:
241:
219:
209:
199:
148:
145:
127:
116:
113:
100:
86:
68:Diflucan, others
53:
44:
37:
35:
21:
3647:
3646:
3642:
3641:
3640:
3638:
3637:
3636:
3577:
3576:
3575:
3565:
3563:
3555:
3553:
3548:
3547:
3532:Clinical trials
3511:
3340:
3320:
3301:
3286:
3266:
3223:
3211:
3190:
3171:
3167:
3142:
3134:
3126:
3101:
3089:
3070:
3023:fosravuconazole
2980:
2856:
2855:lanosterol 14α-
2842:
2831:
2825:
2811:
2781:
2738:
2734:
2732:Further reading
2729:
2728:
2718:
2716:
2711:. 7 June 2001.
2703:
2702:
2698:
2681:
2680:
2676:
2661:
2648:
2647:
2643:
2628:
2615:
2614:
2610:
2574:
2573:
2569:
2564:
2560:
2529:
2528:
2524:
2514:
2512:
2503:
2502:
2495:
2478:
2477:
2473:
2458:
2445:
2444:
2440:
2410:
2409:
2405:
2369:
2368:
2364:
2326:
2325:
2321:
2311:
2309:
2305:
2264:
2259:
2258:
2254:
2239:
2226:
2225:
2216:
2206:
2204:
2191:
2190:
2186:
2176:
2174:
2161:
2160:
2153:
2143:
2141:
2132:
2131:
2127:
2081:
2080:
2076:
2046:
2045:
2041:
1995:
1994:
1987:
1974:
1973:
1969:
1961:
1954:
1950:
1949:
1945:
1935:
1933:
1919:
1918:
1911:
1895:
1886:
1876:
1874:
1861:
1860:
1856:
1846:
1844:
1831:
1830:
1826:
1816:
1814:
1807:"US Pharmacist"
1805:
1804:
1797:
1787:
1785:
1772:
1771:
1767:
1757:
1755:
1742:
1741:
1737:
1714:
1713:
1709:
1698:
1683:
1682:
1675:
1665:
1663:
1646:
1645:
1641:
1631:
1629:
1620:
1619:
1596:
1566:
1565:
1561:
1551:
1549:
1545:
1534:
1530:
1529:
1525:
1515:
1513:
1500:
1499:
1484:
1474:
1472:
1461:
1460:
1456:
1451:
1439:
1415:Bioavailability
1411:
1383:14α-demethylase
1379:cytochrome P450
1367:
1362:
1326:cytochrome P450
1322:
1254:first trimester
1171:
1119:
1059:C. parapsilosis
1045:
1002:14α-demethylase
966:
883:
874:
840:QT prolongation
809:dermatophytosis
765:
763:
758:
755:
750:
745:
744:
733:
730:
725:
724:
703:
678:
665:
659:
653:
647:
608:
584:
576:
556:
536:
509:
489:
469:
449:
432:
424:
404:
401:
388:
387:
352:
328:Protein binding
318:Bioavailability
310:Pharmacokinetic
304:
264:
223:
163:
156:
137:
130:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3645:
3643:
3635:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3579:
3578:
3574:
3573:
3550:
3549:
3546:
3545:
3544:
3543:
3540:
3529:
3523:
3517:
3516:
3513:
3512:
3510:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3463:citronella oil
3459:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3406:salicylic acid
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3376:crystal violet
3373:
3368:
3363:
3361:chlorophetanol
3358:
3352:
3350:
3346:
3345:
3342:
3341:
3339:
3338:
3331:
3329:
3322:
3321:
3319:
3318:
3311:
3309:
3303:
3302:
3300:
3299:
3292:
3290:
3276:
3272:
3271:
3268:
3267:
3265:
3264:
3259:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3227:
3225:
3217:
3216:
3213:
3212:
3210:
3209:
3202:
3200:
3196:
3195:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3188:
3181:
3179:
3173:
3172:
3170:
3169:
3162:
3155:
3153:
3144:
3136:
3135:
3133:
3132:
3129:amphotericin B
3121:
3116:
3109:
3107:
3095:
3094:
3091:
3090:
3088:
3087:
3080:
3078:
3072:
3071:
3069:
3068:
3063:
3056:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3018:fosfluconazole
3015:
3008:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2990:
2988:
2982:
2981:
2979:
2978:
2974:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2871:
2869:
2860:
2844:
2833:
2827:
2826:
2812:
2810:
2809:
2802:
2795:
2787:
2780:
2779:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2727:
2726:
2696:
2687:MP Biomedicals
2674:
2659:
2641:
2626:
2608:
2594:10.1086/593194
2567:
2558:
2522:
2493:
2471:
2456:
2438:
2403:
2382:(9): 830–839.
2362:
2335:(3): 129–140.
2319:
2252:
2237:
2214:
2184:
2151:
2125:
2074:
2039:
1985:
1967:
1943:
1909:
1884:
1854:
1824:
1795:
1765:
1735:
1707:
1696:
1673:
1639:
1594:
1559:
1523:
1482:
1453:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1438:
1435:
1410:
1407:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1321:
1318:
1246:
1245:
1242:
1230:
1220:hepatotoxicity
1214:, other blood
1188:
1181:
1170:
1167:
1166:
1165:
1150:
1143:
1136:
1129:
1118:
1115:
1044:
1041:
983:or esophageal
965:
962:
961:
960:
957:
950:
942:
914:Candida krusei
882:
879:
836:liver problems
805:histoplasmosis
801:cryptococcosis
772:
771:
760:
759:
757:
756:
753:
751:
748:
740:
739:
738:
735:
734:
732:
731:
728:
720:
719:
718:
715:
714:
711:
705:
704:
702:
701:
693:
691:
683:
682:
676:
670:
669:
663:
657:
651:
645:
640:
634:
633:
629:
628:
618:
610:
609:
607:
606:
593:
591:
578:
577:
575:
574:
566:
564:
558:
557:
555:
554:
546:
544:
538:
537:
535:
534:
527:
519:
517:
511:
510:
508:
507:
499:
497:
491:
490:
488:
487:
479:
477:
471:
470:
468:
467:
459:
457:
451:
450:
448:
447:
439:
437:
426:
425:
423:
422:
414:
412:
406:
405:
403:
402:
391:
383:
382:
381:
378:
377:
373:
372:
366:
360:
359:
356:
347:
346:
340:
334:
333:
330:
324:
323:
322:>90% (oral)
320:
314:
313:
306:
305:
303:
302:
293:
281:
268:
252:
238:
236:
230:
229:
225:
224:
222:
221:
188:
186:
180:
179:
166:
164:administration
158:
157:
155:
154:
152:
142:
140:
132:
131:
129:
128:
110:
108:
102:
101:
94:
88:
87:
80:
70:
69:
66:
60:
59:
55:
54:
46:
45:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3644:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3584:
3582:
3572:
3562:
3558:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3518:
3514:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3460:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3366:chlorphenesin
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3353:
3351:
3347:
3337:
3333:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3323:
3317:
3313:
3312:
3310:
3308:
3304:
3298:
3294:
3293:
3291:
3289:
3284:
3280:
3277:
3275:Intracellular
3273:
3263:
3262:ibrexafungerp
3260:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3236:anidulafungin
3233:
3232:echinocandins
3229:
3228:
3226:
3222:
3218:
3208:
3204:
3203:
3201:
3197:
3187:
3183:
3182:
3180:
3178:
3174:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3157:
3156:
3154:
3152:
3148:
3145:
3141:
3137:
3130:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3111:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3100:
3096:
3086:
3082:
3081:
3079:
3077:
3073:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3058:
3057:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3043:oteseconazole
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3033:isavuconazole
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3010:
3009:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2995:efinaconazole
2992:
2991:
2989:
2987:
2983:
2976:
2975:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2961:sertaconazole
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2916:fenticonazole
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2886:chlormidazole
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2873:
2872:
2870:
2868:
2864:
2861:
2858:
2852:
2848:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2834:
2828:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2808:
2803:
2801:
2796:
2794:
2789:
2788:
2785:
2776:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2737:
2736:
2731:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2700:
2697:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2683:"Fluconazole"
2678:
2675:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2656:
2652:
2645:
2642:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2623:
2619:
2612:
2609:
2604:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2571:
2568:
2562:
2559:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2526:
2523:
2510:
2506:
2500:
2498:
2494:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2475:
2472:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2453:
2449:
2442:
2439:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2407:
2404:
2399:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2366:
2363:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2323:
2320:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2263:
2256:
2253:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2234:
2230:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2215:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2188:
2185:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2163:"Fluconazole"
2158:
2156:
2152:
2139:
2135:
2129:
2126:
2121:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2078:
2075:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2043:
2040:
2035:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1992:
1990:
1986:
1981:
1977:
1971:
1968:
1960:
1953:
1947:
1944:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1916:
1914:
1910:
1907:
1906:0-9757919-2-3
1903:
1899:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1885:
1872:
1868:
1866:
1858:
1855:
1842:
1838:
1836:
1828:
1825:
1812:
1808:
1802:
1800:
1796:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1769:
1766:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1739:
1736:
1730:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1711:
1708:
1703:
1699:
1693:
1689:
1688:
1680:
1678:
1674:
1661:
1657:
1655:
1649:
1643:
1640:
1627:
1623:
1622:"Fluconazole"
1617:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1595:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1563:
1560:
1544:
1540:
1533:
1527:
1524:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1497:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1483:
1471:. 7 July 2016
1470:
1469:
1468:Health Canada
1464:
1458:
1455:
1448:
1446:
1444:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1416:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1364:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1319:
1317:
1313:
1311:
1307:
1302:
1300:
1299:absolute risk
1296:
1292:
1288:
1287:birth defects
1283:
1279:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1251:
1243:
1241:
1240:
1235:
1231:
1229:
1225:
1224:liver failure
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1186:
1182:
1179:
1178:
1177:
1175:
1168:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1148:
1144:
1141:
1137:
1134:
1130:
1128:
1124:
1123:
1122:
1116:
1114:
1110:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1099:anidulafungin
1096:
1095:echinocandins
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1075:
1071:
1070:
1065:
1061:
1060:
1055:
1049:
1042:
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1038:
1034:
1029:
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1023:
1019:
1015:
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1007:
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994:
988:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
963:
958:
955:
951:
947:
943:
940:
936:
935:
934:
932:
931:dermatophytes
928:
927:
922:
921:
916:
915:
910:
909:
903:
900:
896:
892:
888:
880:
878:
872:
868:
863:
861:
857:
853:
852:birth defects
849:
845:
841:
837:
833:
828:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
793:blastomycosis
790:
786:
782:
778:
768:
761:
752:
747:
743:
736:
727:
723:
716:
712:
710:
709:Melting point
706:
699:
695:
694:
692:
689:
684:
677:
675:
671:
641:
639:
635:
630:
626:
622:
619:
617:
615:ECHA InfoCard
611:
603:
599:
598:DTXSID3020627
595:
594:
592:
583:
579:
572:
568:
567:
565:
563:
559:
552:
548:
547:
545:
543:
539:
532:
528:
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512:
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357:
355:
348:
344:
341:
339:
335:
331:
329:
325:
321:
319:
315:
311:
307:
301: Rx-only
294:
292:
282:
279:
269:
262:
253:
250:
240:
239:
237:
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231:
226:
218:
213:
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109:
107:
103:
99:
95:
93:
89:
85:
81:
79:
75:
71:
67:
65:
61:
58:Clinical data
56:
52:
47:
43:
38:
30:
19:
3597:Fluoroarenes
3488:tea tree oil
3473:lemon myrtle
3386:ethylparaben
3316:griseofulvin
3177:Benzylamines
3066:ravuconazole
3061:albaconazole
3053:voriconazole
3048:posaconazole
3038:itraconazole
3028:hexaconazole
3012:
2999:
2946:neticonazole
2936:luliconazole
2931:ketoconazole
2921:flutrimazole
2906:eberconazole
2896:clotrimazole
2881:butoconazole
2748:
2744:
2717:. Retrieved
2708:
2699:
2691:the original
2686:
2677:
2650:
2644:
2617:
2611:
2584:
2580:
2570:
2561:
2536:
2532:
2525:
2513:. Retrieved
2488:the original
2483:
2474:
2447:
2441:
2419:(1): 58–67.
2416:
2412:
2406:
2379:
2375:
2365:
2332:
2328:
2322:
2310:. Retrieved
2272:
2268:
2255:
2228:
2205:. Retrieved
2196:
2187:
2177:27 September
2175:. Retrieved
2166:
2142:. Retrieved
2128:
2091:
2087:
2077:
2052:
2048:
2042:
2005:
2001:
1970:
1959:the original
1946:
1934:. Retrieved
1930:the original
1925:
1875:. Retrieved
1871:the original
1864:
1857:
1845:. Retrieved
1841:the original
1834:
1827:
1815:. Retrieved
1786:. Retrieved
1777:
1768:
1756:. Retrieved
1747:
1738:
1729:10665/325771
1719:
1710:
1686:
1664:. Retrieved
1660:the original
1651:
1642:
1630:. Retrieved
1572:
1568:
1562:
1550:. Retrieved
1538:
1526:
1514:. Retrieved
1505:
1473:. Retrieved
1466:
1457:
1440:
1432:
1412:
1403:Cryptococcus
1402:
1368:
1360:Pharmacology
1353:
1323:
1320:Interactions
1314:
1303:
1284:
1280:
1261:
1258:
1247:
1237:
1202:, seizures,
1200:paraesthesia
1196:hypokalaemia
1172:
1169:Side effects
1133:ketoconazole
1120:
1111:
1092:
1088:Echinocandin
1078:
1068:
1063:
1057:
1050:
1046:
1036:
1030:
1025:
1021:
1013:
1009:
997:
991:
989:
987:infection).
984:
967:
953:
945:
938:
924:
918:
912:
906:
904:
895:ketoconazole
884:
881:Medical uses
864:
829:
776:
775:
764:
397:
393:
351:Elimination
234:Legal status
228:Legal status
106:License data
29:
3528:from market
3507:pentamidine
3468:lemon grass
3426:taurolidine
3396:polynoxylin
3297:flucytosine
3241:caspofungin
3165:terbinafine
3151:Allylamines
3013:fluconazole
3005:terconazole
3000:fluconazole
2971:tioconazole
2966:sulconazole
2956:oxiconazole
2951:omoconazole
2926:isoconazole
2901:croconazole
2859:inhibitors)
2857:demethylase
2814:Antifungals
2515:21 December
2088:Antibiotics
2055:(1): 2–13.
2008:: 249–259.
1552:22 December
1516:22 February
1369:Like other
1342:QT interval
1312:may occur.
1310:anaphylaxis
1264:QT interval
1234:QT interval
1140:terfenadine
1138:are taking
1103:caspofungin
1064:C. glabrata
1022:C. glabrata
1014:C. glabrata
1010:C. albicans
993:C. albicans
848:miscarriage
789:candidiasis
777:Fluconazole
681: g·mol
621:100.156.133
551:CHEBI:46081
376:Identifiers
173:intravenous
125:Fluconazole
92:MedlinePlus
64:Trade names
34:Fluconazole
3581:Categories
3497:atovaquone
3478:orange oil
3441:tolnaftate
3436:tolciclate
3421:sulbentine
3391:haloprogin
3371:ciclopirox
3336:tavaborole
3328:inhibitors
3314:Systemic:
3295:Systemic:
3256:rezafungin
3251:micafungin
3246:cilofungin
3230:Systemic:
3224:inhibitors
3207:amorolfine
3186:butenafine
3143:inhibitors
3127:Systemic:
3104:ergosterol
3011:Systemic:
2941:miconazole
2891:climbazole
2876:bifonazole
2867:Imidazoles
2843:inhibitors
2840:Ergosterol
2669:1114483879
2636:1035129378
2312:20 October
2247:1075550900
2094:(7): 414.
1877:28 January
1847:28 January
1817:28 January
1788:14 January
1758:14 January
1632:8 December
1449:References
1428:metabolism
1424:zero order
1399:fungicidal
1391:ergosterol
1387:lanosterol
1297:, but the
1291:odds ratio
1222:including
1218:, serious
1216:dyscrasias
1162:sertraline
1158:fluoxetine
1107:micafungin
1074:ciclopirox
1006:lanosterol
964:Resistance
686:3D model (
674:Molar mass
504:8VZV102JFY
475:ChemSpider
419:86386-73-4
410:CAS Number
385:IUPAC name
338:Metabolism
3538:Phase III
3526:Withdrawn
3483:patchouli
3431:ticlatone
3334:Topical:
3205:Topical:
3184:Topical:
3160:naftifine
3158:Topical:
3131:, hamycin
3119:natamycin
3112:Topical:
3085:abafungin
3083:Topical:
3076:Thiazoles
3059:Unknown:
2993:Topical:
2986:Triazoles
2911:econazole
2874:Topical:
2466:942814866
2167:Monograph
1589:213008181
1371:imidazole
1350:Berberine
1306:cisapride
1272:cisapride
1250:pregnancy
1147:quinidine
1026:C. krusei
899:imidazole
893:(such as
571:ChEMBL106
364:Excretion
353:half-life
162:Routes of
136:Pregnancy
84:Monograph
78:Drugs.com
3571:Medicine
3381:dimazole
3124:nystatin
3106:binding)
2832:membrane
2775:30723130
2713:Archived
2603:18990067
2553:19754040
2509:Archived
2433:26746458
2398:23984730
2349:12489563
2303:Archived
2299:19164151
2207:22 April
2201:Archived
2171:Archived
2144:4 August
2138:Archived
2120:32708627
2069:29112282
2034:28919789
1980:Archived
1811:Archived
1782:Archived
1778:ClinCalc
1752:Archived
1748:ClinCalc
1718:(2019).
1702:Archived
1666:29 April
1626:Archived
1543:Archived
1510:Archived
1506:DailyMed
1375:triazole
1276:pimozide
1204:alopecia
1192:oliguria
1185:anorexia
1156:such as
1054:propolis
949:systems.
887:triazole
844:seizures
767:(verify)
455:DrugBank
184:ATC code
169:By mouth
138:category
120:DailyMed
18:Diflucan
3502:dapsone
3114:hamycin
2766:6428756
2719:18 June
2505:"Login"
2357:8282678
2290:2663085
2111:7400126
2025:5587015
1475:3 April
1437:History
1381:enzyme
1330:CYP2C19
1127:alcohol
1037:Candida
985:Candida
954:Candida
946:Candida
939:Candida
908:Candida
679:306.277
638:Formula
464:DB00196
430:PubChem
263: /
259::
214: (
212:J01RA07
204: (
202:J02AC01
200:)
194: (
192:D01AC15
177:topical
151: D
122::
98:a690002
3557:Portal
3521:WHO-EM
3349:Others
3199:Others
2851:Azoles
2773:
2763:
2667:
2657:
2634:
2624:
2601:
2551:
2464:
2454:
2431:
2396:
2355:
2347:
2297:
2287:
2245:
2235:
2118:
2108:
2067:
2032:
2022:
1936:22 May
1904:
1694:
1587:
1443:Pfizer
1373:- and
1338:CYP2C9
1334:CYP3A4
1125:Drink
1105:, and
981:thrush
875:
842:, and
811:, and
779:is an
722:SMILES
562:ChEMBL
531:C07002
524:D00322
371:61–88%
369:Kidney
332:11–12%
291:â„ž-only
289:
276:
265:
261:â„ž-only
247:
118:
2830:Wall/
2751:(1).
2353:S2CID
2306:(PDF)
2265:(PDF)
1962:(PDF)
1955:(PDF)
1656:(FDA)
1652:U.S.
1585:S2CID
1546:(PDF)
1535:(PDF)
1154:SSRIs
1152:take
998:ERG11
973:azole
742:InChI
688:JSmol
542:ChEBI
343:Liver
2820:and
2771:PMID
2745:mBio
2721:2019
2665:OCLC
2655:ISBN
2632:OCLC
2622:ISBN
2599:PMID
2549:PMID
2517:2016
2462:OCLC
2452:ISBN
2429:PMID
2413:JAMA
2394:PMID
2345:PMID
2314:2009
2295:PMID
2243:OCLC
2233:ISBN
2209:2014
2179:2014
2146:2011
2116:PMID
2065:PMID
2030:PMID
1938:2012
1902:ISBN
1879:2015
1849:2015
1819:2015
1790:2024
1760:2024
1692:ISBN
1668:2016
1634:2016
1554:2020
1518:2024
1477:2024
1336:and
1274:and
1062:and
1012:and
515:KEGG
495:UNII
484:3248
444:3365
312:data
74:AHFS
3493:PCP
2822:J02
2818:D01
2761:PMC
2753:doi
2589:doi
2541:doi
2421:doi
2417:315
2384:doi
2380:369
2337:doi
2285:PMC
2277:doi
2106:PMC
2096:doi
2057:doi
2020:PMC
2010:doi
1724:hdl
1577:doi
1389:to
1293:of
1278:).
1160:or
990:In
977:HIV
923:),
917:or
587:EPA
434:CID
394:bis
345:11%
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267:OTC
217:WHO
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