33:
197:
46:
187:
across the western part of the continent. In the areas it has invaded, it lives in a wide range of habitats and will prey on many other animals. It is fast-growing, reaching sexual maturity in 4â8 weeks. As it has moved through Europe, it threatens other species and has already displaced both native
285:. It is unknown how the species is dispersed but it is probably related to shipping activity. It spread quickly through western Europe; found in the Rhine at the GermanâDutch border (1995), the canals and rivers of northern Germany (1998), the Baltic
458:
also consumes many other forms of food, including grazing on biofilms, consuming plant detritus, eating and re-digesting feces, and feeding on organic matter and algae suspended in the water column.
477:
several times. They are fast-growing, during winter increasing by 1.3â2.9 mm in length per month and by 2.0â2.6 mm every two weeks in spring. Populations are predominantly female.
399:
environments, the species prefers habitats with relatively mild currents. It is thought that zebra mussels change habitats by increasing the amount of benthic organic matter, which benefits
473:. Each pair produces an average of 27 eggs, but up to 50 eggs can be laid. The young animals become sexually mature in 4 to 8 weeks, once they are 6 mm in length and after
1312:
1351:
1135:
542:
1286:
501:
which had previously become invasive after previously being introduced from North
America. It is thought to have displaced two other species of
1423:
1377:
618:
603:
726:
554:
454:
sometimes kills prey but does not eat it; it kills its prey by biting it with its large mandibles and then shreds it before eating it.
1247:
1046:
772:
250:
1390:
1190:
859:
1011:"Flexible omnivory in Dikerogammarus villosus (Sowinsky, 1894) (Amphipoda) â Amphipod Pilot Species Project (AMPIS) Report 5"
515:) which were previously invasive in the Danube. Its ability to attack and feed on a range of species could cause the local
1338:
45:
368:
is not the most abundant species of amphipod and it does not behave as aggressively as it does in areas it has invaded.
469:
breeds all year round so long as the water temperature is above 13 °C (55 °F). When they mate, the female is
1325:
1208:
1265:
1356:
784:
1097:
1278:
384:
300:
1153:
32:
1213:
431:
140:
1091:
Jakob C. MĂźller; Stephanie
Schramm; Alfred Seitz (2002). "Genetic and morphological differentiation of
660:
497:
648:
491:
1395:
212:
211:. It varies in appearance, with some specimens being striped, and some not. It has relatively large
1418:
622:
1042:"Invading predatory crustacean Dikerogammarus villosus eliminates both native and exotic species"
801:
571:
40:
253:
was opened and has since spread to nearly all the major rivers in western Europe, including the
1317:
741:
1221:
1073:
960:
942:
1010:
1127:
1106:
1063:
1055:
1022:
950:
932:
894:
882:
793:
669:
653:(Sowinsky, 1894) (Crustacea, Amphipoda) colonizes next alpine lake â Lac du Bourget, France"
563:
238:
196:
184:
1364:
694:
286:
395:. It is found in lakes, canals and rivers living in a range of substrates. When found in
207:
can grow up to 30 millimetres (1.2 in) in length, relatively large for a freshwater
809:
383:
as it is able to tolerate a wide range of temperatures (0â30 °C or 32â86 °F),
1273:
1260:
1068:
1041:
982:
955:
920:
503:
435:
330:
326:
290:
249:
in its expansion. It is thought to have first escaped from the Danube in 1992 when the
234:
117:
1412:
1110:
883:"Current velocity shapes coâexistence patterns among invasive Dikerogammarus species"
881:
Borza, PĂŠter; Huber, Thomas; Leitner, Patrick; Remund, Nadine; Graf, Wolfram (2017).
353:
349:
322:
180:
805:
1226:
987:
575:
439:
423:
318:
310:
278:
87:
921:"Size matters: predation of fish eggs and larvae by native and invasive amphipods"
1343:
1299:
1009:
Platvoet, Dirk; Van Der Velde, Gerard; Dick, Jamie T. A.; Li, Shuquiang (2009).
777:(Sowinsky, 1894) (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Gammaridae) for the first time in Italy"
345:
309:(2003). Its spread is thought to be related to the previous introduction of the
246:
231:
833:
341:
and it is the first time it is encountered in the northernmost part of Europe.
937:
797:
516:
447:
427:
334:
306:
294:
282:
176:
107:
1252:
1176:
1026:
946:
1330:
1234:
1141:
837:
771:
Sandra
Casellato; Giovanni La Piana; Leonardo Latella; Sandro Ruffo (2006).
227:
173:
97:
77:
57:
1077:
1059:
964:
674:
333:
and it was found in Wales in
November 2010. In March 2023, it was found in
407:
spend more time feeding around zebra mussel shells than a bare substrate.
1369:
1200:
1170:
698:
470:
419:
388:
254:
208:
1291:
474:
392:
380:
266:
898:
1304:
1185:
567:
338:
242:
67:
1147:
1239:
443:
396:
274:
270:
262:
258:
195:
226:
was originally found in the lower courses of large rivers in the
1382:
543:"Effects of zebra mussels on a native amphipod and the invasive
200:
A diagram showing the typical anatomical features of an amphipod
1151:
403:
helping them to outcompete other species. When given a choice,
983:"'Killer shrimp' threatens native species in Britain's rivers"
547:: the influence of biodeposition and structural complexity"
1095:
invaders and their invasion history in
Central Europe".
738:
Delivering
Invasive Alien Species Inventories for Europe
647:
MichaĹ Grabowski; Karolina BÄ
cela; Remi
Wattier (2007).
602:
Danielle M. Crosnier; Daniel P. Molloy (October 2006).
834:"Invasive 'killer' shrimp found at two sites in Wales"
725:
Simon Devin; Jean-Nicolas Beisel (November 16, 2006).
289:(2001), the Moselle (2001), the Netherlands (2002),
1160:
555:
Journal of the North
American Benthological Society
1134:, National Invasive Species Information Center,
183:region of eastern Europe, but which has become
241:across central and western Europe, using the
8:
689:
687:
685:
446:as well as small fish and the eggs of other
344:There are fears that it could spread to the
298:
215:which allow it to be an effective predator.
1136:United States National Agricultural Library
766:
764:
762:
489:is threatening the native amphipod species
1148:
31:
20:
1067:
1040:Jaimie A. T. Dick; Dirk Platvoet (2000).
954:
936:
919:Taylor, N. G.; Dunn, A. M. (2016-09-08).
673:
615:Aquatic Nuisance Species Research Program
329:, the first report of the species in the
976:
974:
541:RenĂŠ Gergs; Karl-Otto Rothhaupt (2008).
720:
718:
716:
536:
534:
532:
528:
471:carried on the ventral side of the male
597:
595:
593:
591:
589:
587:
585:
619:United States Army Corps of Engineers
321:. In September 2010, it was found in
7:
1279:727715e4-bfb1-426a-b133-48189403c4ce
860:"Ny invasiv art upptäckt i Vättern"
695:"Alien 'killer' shrimp found in UK"
1047:Proceedings of the Royal Society B
430:family. It has been found to kill
297:, the Rhine in France (2003), the
14:
1128:Species Profile - Killer Shrimp (
426:, including other members of the
188:amphipods and previous invaders.
1111:10.1046/j.1365-2427.2002.00944.x
44:
981:Paul Brown (January 3, 2001).
1:
1424:Crustaceans described in 1894
1142:Invasive Species Compendium
379:can colonise many types of
1440:
785:Italian Journal of Zoology
422:and feeds on a variety of
352:in future, carried in the
938:10.1007/s10530-016-1265-4
798:10.1080/11250000500502293
385:low oxygen concentrations
146:
139:
41:Scientific classification
39:
30:
23:
1027:10.1163/156854009X423201
481:Effects on other species
1191:dikerogammarus-villosus
1162:Dikerogammarus villosus
1130:Dikerogammarus villosus
775:Dikerogammarus villosus
729:Dikerogammarus villosus
651:Dikerogammarus villosus
606:Dikerogammarus villosus
545:Dikerogammarus villosus
462:Growth and reproduction
251:RhineâMainâDanube Canal
165:Dikerogammarus villosus
150:Dikerogammarus villosus
25:Dikerogammarus villosus
1060:10.1098/rspb.2000.1099
675:10.3391/ai.2007.2.3.13
364:In its natural range,
299:
201:
432:blue-tailed damselfly
199:
16:Species of crustacean
1274:Fauna Europaea (new)
925:Biological Invasions
628:on December 29, 2009
485:In the Netherlands,
315:Dreissena polymorpha
301:Grand Canal d'Alsace
168:, also known as the
1144:, CAB International
840:. November 29, 2010
701:. September 9, 2010
237:. It has become an
1098:Freshwater Biology
887:Freshwater Biology
747:on October 1, 2013
202:
172:, is a species of
1406:
1405:
1154:Taxon identifiers
1105:(11): 2039â2048.
1054:(1447): 977â983.
899:10.1111/fwb.12869
661:Aquatic Invasions
604:"Killer Shrimp -
519:of some species.
498:Gammarus tigrinus
319:evolved alongside
281:, as well as the
161:
160:
1431:
1399:
1398:
1386:
1385:
1373:
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1344:NHMSYS0020475521
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824:
823:
821:
820:
814:
808:. Archived from
781:
768:
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746:
740:. Archived from
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691:
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635:
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621:. Archived from
612:
599:
580:
579:
568:10.1899/07-151.1
551:
538:
492:Gammarus duebeni
304:
239:invasive species
156:(Sowinsky, 1894)
152:
132:D. villosus
49:
48:
35:
21:
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862:. March 8, 2023
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287:Szczecin Lagoon
235:drainage basins
221:
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157:
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43:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1437:
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1387:
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1261:Fauna Europaea
1257:
1244:
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1205:
1195:
1182:
1166:
1164:
1158:
1157:
1152:
1146:
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1139:
1123:
1122:External links
1120:
1117:
1116:
1093:Dikerogammarus
1083:
1032:
1021:(6): 703-720.
1001:
970:
911:
893:(2): 317-328.
873:
851:
825:
758:
712:
681:
668:(3): 268â271.
639:
581:
562:(3): 541â548.
527:
526:
524:
521:
513:D. haemobaphes
504:Dikerogammarus
482:
479:
463:
460:
412:
409:
373:
370:
361:
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331:United Kingdom
327:Cambridgeshire
291:Lake Constance
245:river and its
220:
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193:
190:
179:native to the
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119:Dikerogammarus
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931:(1): 89â107.
930:
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877:
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855:
852:
839:
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815:on 2012-03-12
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807:
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799:
795:
792:(1): 97â104.
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535:
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529:
522:
520:
518:
514:
510:
509:D. bispinosus
506:
505:
500:
499:
495:, as well as
494:
493:
488:
480:
478:
476:
472:
468:
461:
459:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
440:water boatman
437:
436:water hoglice
433:
429:
425:
424:invertebrates
421:
417:
410:
408:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
371:
369:
367:
359:
357:
355:
354:ballast water
351:
350:North America
347:
342:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
323:Grafham Water
320:
317:which it has
316:
312:
308:
303:
302:
296:
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186:
182:
181:Ponto-Caspian
178:
175:
171:
170:killer shrimp
167:
166:
153:
151:
145:
142:
141:Binomial name
138:
134:
133:
128:
125:
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121:
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22:
19:
1161:
1129:
1102:
1096:
1092:
1086:
1051:
1045:
1035:
1018:
1014:
1004:
994:September 9,
992:. Retrieved
988:The Guardian
986:
928:
924:
914:
902:. Retrieved
890:
886:
876:
864:. Retrieved
854:
842:. Retrieved
828:
817:. Retrieved
810:the original
789:
783:
774:
751:September 9,
749:. Retrieved
742:the original
737:
728:
705:September 9,
703:. Retrieved
665:
659:
650:
642:
632:September 9,
630:. Retrieved
623:the original
614:
605:
559:
553:
544:
512:
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486:
484:
466:
465:
455:
451:
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414:
404:
400:
376:
375:
365:
363:
343:
314:
311:zebra mussel
223:
222:
219:Distribution
204:
203:
169:
164:
163:
162:
149:
147:
131:
130:
118:
88:Malacostraca
24:
18:
1300:iNaturalist
1015:Crustaceana
904:25 February
844:December 1,
487:D. villosus
467:D. villosus
456:D. villosus
452:D. villosus
448:vertebrates
416:D. villosus
405:D. villosus
401:D. villosus
377:D. villosus
366:D. villosus
346:Great Lakes
305:(2003) and
247:tributaries
232:Caspian Sea
224:D. villosus
205:D. villosus
192:Description
1419:Gammaridae
1413:Categories
819:2010-09-09
523:References
517:extinction
428:Gammaridae
420:omnivorous
356:of ships.
307:Lake Garda
295:Lake Leman
283:Baltic Sea
177:crustacean
108:Gammaridae
78:Arthropoda
947:1387-3547
838:BBC Wales
228:Black Sea
213:mandibles
126:Species:
98:Amphipoda
64:Kingdom:
58:Eukaryota
1318:10828829
1198:BioLib:
1171:Wikidata
1078:10874746
965:32355455
866:March 8,
806:83475733
699:BBC News
475:moulting
434:nymphs,
391:up to 20
389:salinity
293:(2003),
209:amphipod
185:invasive
174:amphipod
104:Family:
74:Phylum:
68:Animalia
54:Domain:
1292:4315705
1177:Q447913
1069:1690628
956:7175601
576:7996055
444:leeches
442:, fish
411:Feeding
381:habitat
372:Habitat
360:Ecology
335:Vättern
267:Moselle
114:Genus:
94:Order:
84:Class:
1396:148586
1383:148586
1357:191522
1331:108309
1266:240668
1253:260736
1240:DIKGVI
1186:ARKive
1076:
1066:
963:
953:
945:
804:
574:
387:, and
339:Sweden
243:Danube
1391:WoRMS
1370:26529
1313:IRMNG
1305:62783
1248:EUNIS
1227:364SQ
1214:27162
1201:25506
813:(PDF)
802:S2CID
780:(PDF)
745:(PDF)
734:(PDF)
656:(PDF)
626:(PDF)
611:(PDF)
572:S2CID
550:(PDF)
397:lotic
275:Rhine
271:Meuse
263:Seine
259:Loire
255:RhĂ´ne
1378:OBIS
1352:NCBI
1287:GBIF
1235:EPPO
1209:BOLD
1074:PMID
996:2010
961:PMID
943:ISSN
906:2021
868:2023
846:2010
753:2010
707:2010
634:2010
511:and
279:Main
277:and
230:and
1339:NBN
1326:ISC
1222:CoL
1107:doi
1064:PMC
1056:doi
1052:267
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