Knowledge (XXG)

Dihydroxyphenylglycine

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Pfeifer, V., Nicholson, G. J., Ries, J., Recktenwalk, J., Schefer, A. B., Shawky, R. M., Schröder, J., Wohlleben, W., Pelzer, S. "A Polyketide Synthase in glycopeptide Biosynthesis: the Biosynthesis of the Non-Proteogenic Amino Acid (S)-3,5-Dihydroxyphenylglycine."
483:. The tetra-carbonyl compound then cyclizes to form a C8 intermediate. DpgB/D then dehydrates the intermediate using enolate chemistry to promote the loss of water. DpgB/D isomerizes the product to aromatize the ring. 761: 521:
4-Hydroxyphenylglycine transferase synthesizes the (S) stereoisomer of DHPG, however, an epimerase switches the stereocenter to the (R) configuration after DHPG is incorporated into the vancomycin
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DpgC oxidizes the aromatic intermediate at the benzylic carbon using oxygen to an alpha-keto compound. DpgC performs this oxidation in absence of any iron, heme, flavin, or pterin cofactors. Chen
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Chen, H., Tseng, C. C., Hubbard, B. K., Walsh, C. T. "Glycopeptide antibiotic biosyntehsis: Enzymatic assembly of the dedicated amino acid monomy (S)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine."
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First steps of DHPG involving enzyme DpgA. DpgA condenses acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA into a polyketide and then cyclizes the polyketide into a C8 intermediate.
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When synthesized in bacteria, DHPG requires 5 enzymes, DpgA-D and 4-hydroxyphenylglycine transferase (Pgat), in order to be synthesized. DpgA is a
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Widboom, P. F., Fielding, E. N., Liu, Y., Bruner, S. D. "Structural basis for cofactor-independent dioxygenation in vancomycin biosynthesis."
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Final steps of the biosynthesis of DHPG. The mechanism of DpgC on the intermediate substrate has been proposed by Chen et al. is included.
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suggest the following reaction mechanism to explain the reactivity of DpgC. This mechanism is supported by findings reported in Widboom
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DHPG synthesis involving enzymes DpgB and DpgD. Aromatization of the C8 intermediate through dehydration and then alkene isomerization.
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in 2007. Finally, the molecule is transaminated by 4-hydroxyphenylglycine transferase using tyrosine to become DHPG.
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DHPG was the first agonist shown to be selective for group I mGluRs. Agonist activity is found in only the (
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Yim, G., Thaker, M. N., Koteva, K., Wright, G. "Glycopeptide antibiotic biosynthesis."
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InChI=1S/C8H9NO4/c10-6-3-1-2-5(8(6)13)9-4-7(11)12/h1-3,9-10,13H,4H2,(H,11,12)
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InChI=1/C8H9NO4/c10-6-3-1-2-5(8(6)13)9-4-7(11)12/h1-3,9-10,13H,4H2,(H,11,12)
586: 637: 628: 601: 2087: 2041: 1662: 1362: 1221: 1025: 1020: 854: 424: 419:)-DHPG has been investigated for therapeutic effects in the treatment of 2175: 1933: 1052: 1047: 1032: 869: 378: 151: 1937: 1895: 1655: 1592: 1272: 1267: 1226: 1119: 1114: 420: 401: 324:
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their
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3,5-Dihydroxyphenylglycine can be isolated from the latex of
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(May 1968). 533: 272: 237: 212: 141: 423:injury (such as those associated with 244:Key: RCPPFACRJDEDFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7: 318:183.05 g mol 1313:Pomaglumetad methionil (LY-2140023) 1165:Pomaglumetad methionil (LY-2140023) 682:The Journal of Biological Chemistry 254:Key: RCPPFACRJDEDFY-UHFFFAOYAU 154: 569:10.1111/j.1527-3458.2002.tb00218.x 14: 383:metabotropic glutamate receptors 332: 29: 1709:Positive allosteric modulators: 1660:Negative allosteric modulators: 1449:Positive allosteric modulators: 1367:Negative allosteric modulators: 1231:Negative allosteric modulators: 1174:Positive allosteric modulators: 1030:Negative allosteric modulators: 973:Positive allosteric modulators: 771:Metabotropic glutamate receptor 546:Wiśniewski K.; Car, H. (2002). 328:(at 25 °C , 100 kPa). 1: 2287:Non-proteinogenic amino acids 1815:Non-proteinogenic amino acids 1766:Receptor/signaling modulators 371:)-3,5-Dihydroxyphenylglycine 16:For the antiviral drug, see 2108:List of abiotic amino acids 1919:Azetidine-2-carboxylic acid 2303: 660:The Journal of Antibiotics 275:C1=CC(=C(C=C1(C(=O)O)N)O)O 143:3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine 15: 2184: 1759: 1298:LY-404,039 (pomaglumetad) 1145:LY-404,039 (pomaglumetad) 523:non-ribosomal polypeptide 322: 283: 263: 228: 64: 56: 42: 37: 28: 1177:JNJ-40411813 (ADX-71149) 479:with three molecules of 2282:MGlu5 receptor agonists 2277:MGlu1 receptor agonists 1878:gamma-Aminobutyric acid 24:Dihydroxyphenylglycine 2262:Amino acid derivatives 2117:Engineered amino acids 2060:Dihydroxyphenylglycine 1982:2-Aminoisobutyric acid 518: 499: 491: 451:DHGP is also found in 2124:Expanded genetic code 692:(42/19), 38370-38377. 629:10.1515/znb-1968-0516 608:Euphorbia helioscopia 552:)-3,5-DHPG: a review" 516: 497: 489: 445:Euphorbia helioscopia 433:cognitive enhancement 2010:Carboxyglutamic acid 2170:Aminolevulinic acid 2101:Abiotic amino acids 2036:Aminolevulinic acid 2030:4-Aminobenzoic acid 1860:Diaminopimelic acid 1842:bacterial cell wall 473:type III polyketide 437:Alzheimer's disease 412:of group I mGluRs. 25: 2236:Dehydroamino acids 2196:Encoded (proteins) 713:(26), 14901-14906. 519: 500: 492: 463:synthase pathway. 355:Infobox references 23: 2257:Alpha-Amino acids 2244: 2243: 2206:Non-proteinogenic 2165: 2164: 2144:citric acid cycle 2096: 2095: 2018: 2017: 1996: 1995: 1968: 1967: 1904:ADDA (amino acid) 1870:neurotransmitters 1781: 1780: 1755: 1754: 1704: 1605: 1528: 1424: 1383: 1382: 1076: 1075: 615:Z. Naturforsch. B 363:Chemical compound 361: 360: 197:CompTox Dashboard 106:Interactive image 2294: 2137: 2020: 2002:clotting factors 1998: 1970: 1943: 1808: 1801: 1794: 1785: 1702: 1682: 1678: 1603: 1583: 1579: 1526: 1511: 1507: 1422: 1407: 1403: 1394: 1258: 1254: 1100: 1096: 1087: 914: 910: 800: 796: 787: 764: 757: 750: 741: 735: 720: 714: 699: 693: 677: 671: 656: 650: 649: 631: 597: 591: 590: 580: 543: 408:)-DHPG may be a 345: 339: 336: 335: 291:Chemical formula 221: 220: 205: 203: 187: 167: 156: 145: 128: 108: 84: 33: 26: 2302: 2301: 2297: 2296: 2295: 2293: 2292: 2291: 2247: 2246: 2245: 2240: 2239: 2221:Secondary amino 2180: 2161: 2128: 2112: 2092: 2014: 1992: 1964: 1928: 1924:Quisqualic acid 1889: 1884:Quisqualic acid 1864: 1836: 1817: 1812: 1782: 1777: 1751: 1680: 1677: 1667: 1581: 1578: 1568: 1509: 1506: 1496: 1405: 1402: 1379: 1256: 1253: 1243: 1098: 1095: 1072: 964:Quisqualic acid 912: 909: 899: 830:Quisqualic acid 798: 795: 776: 768: 738: 721: 717: 700: 696: 678: 674: 657: 653: 599: 598: 594: 545: 544: 535: 531: 469: 410:partial agonist 364: 357: 352: 351: 350:  ?) 341: 337: 333: 329: 307: 303: 299: 293: 279: 276: 271: 270: 259: 256: 255: 252: 246: 245: 242: 236: 235: 224: 214:DTXSID901311536 206: 199: 190: 170: 157: 131: 111: 98: 87: 74: 60: 52: 21: 12: 11: 5: 2300: 2298: 2290: 2289: 2284: 2279: 2274: 2269: 2264: 2259: 2249: 2248: 2242: 2241: 2238: 2233: 2228: 2223: 2218: 2213: 2208: 2203: 2198: 2186: 2185: 2182: 2181: 2179: 2178: 2173: 2166: 2163: 2162: 2160: 2159: 2154: 2148: 2146: 2134: 2130: 2129: 2127: 2126: 2120: 2118: 2114: 2113: 2111: 2110: 2104: 2102: 2098: 2097: 2094: 2093: 2091: 2090: 2085: 2082:Hydroxyproline 2079: 2073: 2068: 2063: 2057: 2051: 2045: 2039: 2033: 2026: 2024: 2016: 2015: 2013: 2012: 2006: 2004: 1994: 1993: 1991: 1990: 1988:Enduracididine 1985: 1978: 1976: 1966: 1965: 1963: 1962: 1957: 1951: 1949: 1940: 1930: 1929: 1927: 1926: 1921: 1916: 1911: 1906: 1900: 1898: 1891: 1890: 1888: 1887: 1881: 1874: 1872: 1866: 1865: 1863: 1862: 1857: 1852: 1846: 1844: 1838: 1837: 1835: 1834: 1832:Hydroxyproline 1828: 1826: 1819: 1818: 1813: 1811: 1810: 1803: 1796: 1788: 1779: 1778: 1760: 1757: 1756: 1753: 1752: 1750: 1749: 1744: 1739: 1734: 1729: 1724: 1715: 1714: 1699: 1694: 1685: 1683: 1675: 1669: 1668: 1666: 1665: 1653: 1648: 1643: 1638: 1633: 1628: 1623: 1614: 1613: 1608: 1600: 1595: 1586: 1584: 1576: 1570: 1569: 1567: 1566: 1561: 1556: 1551: 1546: 1541: 1532: 1531: 1523: 1514: 1512: 1504: 1498: 1497: 1495: 1494: 1489: 1484: 1479: 1474: 1469: 1460: 1459: 1454: 1442: 1437: 1432: 1427: 1419: 1410: 1408: 1400: 1391: 1385: 1384: 1381: 1380: 1378: 1377: 1372: 1360: 1355: 1350: 1345: 1340: 1335: 1330: 1321: 1320: 1315: 1310: 1305: 1300: 1295: 1290: 1285: 1280: 1275: 1270: 1261: 1259: 1251: 1245: 1244: 1242: 1241: 1236: 1224: 1219: 1214: 1209: 1204: 1199: 1194: 1189: 1180: 1179: 1167: 1162: 1157: 1152: 1147: 1142: 1137: 1132: 1127: 1122: 1117: 1112: 1103: 1101: 1093: 1084: 1078: 1077: 1074: 1073: 1071: 1070: 1065: 1060: 1055: 1050: 1045: 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2234: 2232: 2231:D-amino acids 2229: 2227: 2224: 2222: 2219: 2217: 2214: 2212: 2209: 2207: 2204: 2202: 2199: 2197: 2193: 2191: 2187: 2183: 2177: 2174: 2171: 2168: 2167: 2158: 2155: 2153: 2150: 2149: 2147: 2145: 2142: 2138: 2135: 2133:Intermediates 2131: 2125: 2122: 2121: 2119: 2115: 2109: 2106: 2105: 2103: 2099: 2089: 2086: 2083: 2080: 2077: 2074: 2072: 2069: 2067: 2064: 2061: 2058: 2055: 2052: 2049: 2048:Penicillamine 2046: 2044:(insectiside) 2043: 2040: 2037: 2034: 2031: 2028: 2027: 2025: 2021: 2011: 2008: 2007: 2005: 2003: 1999: 1989: 1986: 1983: 1980: 1979: 1977: 1975: 1971: 1961: 1958: 1956: 1953: 1952: 1950: 1948: 1947:Beta-peptides 1944: 1941: 1939: 1935: 1931: 1925: 1922: 1920: 1917: 1915: 1912: 1910: 1907: 1905: 1902: 1901: 1899: 1897: 1892: 1885: 1882: 1879: 1876: 1875: 1873: 1871: 1867: 1861: 1858: 1856: 1853: 1851: 1848: 1847: 1845: 1843: 1839: 1833: 1830: 1829: 1827: 1825: 1820: 1816: 1809: 1804: 1802: 1797: 1795: 1790: 1789: 1786: 1776: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1764: 1758: 1748: 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1266: 1263: 1262: 1260: 1255: 1246: 1240: 1237: 1235: 1232: 1228: 1225: 1223: 1220: 1218: 1215: 1213: 1210: 1208: 1205: 1203: 1200: 1198: 1195: 1193: 1190: 1188: 1185: 1182: 1181: 1178: 1175: 1171: 1168: 1166: 1163: 1161: 1158: 1156: 1153: 1151: 1148: 1146: 1143: 1141: 1138: 1136: 1135:Ibotenic acid 1133: 1131: 1128: 1126: 1123: 1121: 1118: 1116: 1113: 1111: 1108: 1105: 1104: 1102: 1097: 1088: 1085: 1083: 1079: 1069: 1066: 1064: 1061: 1059: 1056: 1054: 1051: 1049: 1046: 1044: 1041: 1039: 1036: 1034: 1031: 1027: 1024: 1022: 1019: 1017: 1014: 1012: 1009: 1007: 1004: 1002: 999: 997: 994: 992: 989: 987: 984: 981: 980: 977: 974: 970: 967: 965: 962: 960: 959:Ibotenic acid 957: 955: 952: 950: 947: 945: 942: 940: 937: 935: 932: 930: 927: 925: 922: 919: 918: 916: 911: 902: 896: 893: 891: 888: 886: 883: 881: 878: 876: 875:Cyclothiazide 873: 871: 868: 866: 863: 860: 859: 856: 853: 851: 848: 846: 843: 841: 838: 836: 833: 831: 828: 826: 825:Ibotenic acid 823: 821: 818: 816: 813: 811: 808: 805: 804: 802: 797: 788: 785: 783: 779: 775: 772: 765: 760: 758: 753: 751: 746: 745: 742: 733: 729: 725: 719: 716: 712: 708: 704: 698: 695: 691: 687: 683: 676: 673: 669: 665: 661: 655: 652: 647: 643: 639: 635: 630: 625: 621: 618:(in German). 617: 616: 611: 609: 605: 596: 593: 588: 584: 579: 574: 570: 566: 562: 559: 558: 557:CNS Drug Rev. 553: 551: 542: 540: 538: 534: 528: 526: 524: 515: 511: 509: 505: 496: 488: 484: 482: 478: 474: 466: 464: 462: 458: 457:glycopeptides 454: 449: 447: 446: 440: 438: 434: 430: 426: 422: 418: 413: 411: 407: 403: 399: 394: 392: 388: 384: 380: 376: 372: 370: 356: 349: 344: 327: 321: 317: 315: 312: 311: 295: 292: 288: 287: 282: 273: 269: 262: 248: 238: 234: 227: 219: 215: 211: 210: 208: 198: 194: 193: 186: 182: 181: 179: 177: 174: 173: 166: 162: 161: 159: 153: 149: 148: 144: 140: 138: 135: 134: 127: 123: 122: 120: 118: 115: 114: 107: 103: 102: 100: 96: 91: 90: 83: 79: 78: 76: 73: 69: 68: 63: 55: 50: 45: 41: 36: 32: 27: 19: 2188: 2141:Mitochondria 2076:Homocysteine 2059: 2056:(Alzheimers) 2038:(metabolism) 1762: 1761: 1719:Antagonists: 1718: 1708: 1688: 1659: 1618:Antagonists: 1617: 1589: 1536:Antagonists: 1535: 1517: 1464:Antagonists: 1463: 1448: 1413: 1366: 1325:Antagonists: 1324: 1318:Talaglumetad 1264: 1230: 1184:Antagonists: 1183: 1173: 1170:Talaglumetad 1106: 1043:Dipraglurant 1038:Basimglurant 1029: 983:Antagonists: 982: 972: 948: 920: 862:Antagonists: 861: 814: 806: 731: 727: 723: 718: 710: 706: 702: 697: 689: 685: 681: 675: 667: 663: 659: 654: 619: 613: 607: 603: 595: 560: 555: 549: 520: 507: 503: 501: 470: 467:Biosynthesis 455:and related 450: 443: 441: 416: 414: 405: 397: 395: 377:is a potent 374: 368: 366: 365: 65:Identifiers 57:Other names 48: 2272:Resorcinols 2226:Imino acids 2190:Amino acids 2050:(chelation) 1850:Lanthionine 1445:VU-0155,041 1370:Decoglurant 1234:Decoglurant 1068:Raseglurant 1016:Remeglurant 1001:Mavoglurant 865:BAY 36-7620 481:malonyl-CoA 381:of group I 284:Properties 82:162870-29-3 18:ganciclovir 2267:Nootropics 2251:Categories 2216:Glucogenic 2157:Citrulline 2084:(collagen) 2054:Norleucine 1974:Antibiotic 1914:thialysine 1909:Canavanine 1855:Norleucine 1712:AZ12216052 1452:Foliglurax 1440:VU-001,171 1353:LY-341,495 1348:LY-307,452 1303:LY-487,379 1293:LY-379,268 1212:LY-341,495 1207:LY-307,452 1155:LY-566,332 1150:LY-487,379 1140:LY-379,268 996:LY-344,545 976:LSN2463359 885:LY-456,236 880:LY-367,385 774:modulators 734:, 342-345. 529:References 477:acetyl-CoA 461:polyketide 453:vancomycin 314:Molar mass 185:CF5G2G268A 117:ChemSpider 93:3D model ( 72:CAS Number 44:IUPAC name 2211:Ketogenic 2201:Essential 2152:Ornithine 2071:Norvaline 2066:Sarcosine 1960:β-Leucine 1955:β-Alanine 1824:cell wall 1763:See also: 1697:Glutamate 1689:Agonists: 1611:LSP2-9166 1598:Glutamate 1590:Agonists: 1521:Glutamate 1518:Agonists: 1430:LSP2-9166 1417:Glutamate 1414:Agonists: 1389:Group III 1375:RO4491533 1283:Glutamate 1278:Eglumegad 1265:Agonists: 1239:RO4491533 1130:Glutamate 1125:Eglumegad 1107:Agonists: 954:Glutamate 929:ADX-47273 921:Agonists: 845:Ro67-7476 840:Ro67-4853 835:Ro01-6128 820:Glutamate 807:Agonists: 385:(mGluRs) 2088:Hypusine 2042:Canaline 1747:UBP-1112 1663:ADX71743 1651:UBP-1112 1564:UBP-1112 1492:UBP-1112 1363:MGS-0039 1308:MGS-0028 1222:MGS-0039 1160:MGS-0028 1082:Group II 1026:SIB-1893 1021:SIB-1757 1011:NPS-2390 895:NPS-2390 855:Theanine 670:, 31-41. 646:94822221 587:12070529 425:ischemia 421:neuronal 126:11377133 2176:Cystine 2172:(5-ALA) 2078:(heart) 1934:Medical 1886:(toxic) 1053:GRN-529 1048:Fenobam 1033:AZD9272 969:VU-1545 870:CPCCOEt 782:Group I 638:4385921 578:6741645 429:hypoxia 404:, and ( 379:agonist 348:what is 346: ( 308: 152:PubChem 2062:(DHPG) 2032:(PABA) 1938:Health 1896:toxins 1894:human 1880:(GABA) 1822:Plant 1656:XAP044 1593:AMN082 1273:DCG-IV 1268:CBiPES 1227:PCCG-4 1120:DCG-IV 1115:CBiPES 724:Nature 644:  636:  585:  575:  435:, and 402:isomer 391:mGluR5 387:mGluR1 343:verify 340:  268:SMILES 165:443586 38:Names 2192:types 2023:Other 1984:(AIB) 1674:mGluR 1631:MMPIP 1575:mGluR 1503:mGluR 1435:PHCCC 1399:mGluR 1343:HYDIA 1333:CECXG 1328:APICA 1250:mGluR 1202:HYDIA 1192:CECXG 1187:APICA 1092:mGluR 991:DMeOB 934:CDPPB 906:mGluR 850:VU-71 792:mGluR 642:S2CID 508:et al 504:et al 233:InChI 95:JSmol 1742:MTPG 1737:MSOP 1732:MPPG 1727:MAP4 1722:CPPG 1705:-AP4 1692:DCPG 1646:MTPG 1641:MSOP 1636:MPPG 1626:MAP4 1621:CPPG 1606:-AP4 1559:MTPG 1554:MSOP 1549:MPPG 1544:MAP4 1539:CPPG 1529:-AP4 1487:MTPG 1482:MSOP 1477:MPPG 1472:MAP4 1467:CPPG 1457:MPEP 1425:-AP4 1358:MCPG 1338:EGLU 1217:MCPG 1197:EGLU 1110:BINA 1063:MTEP 1058:MPEP 1006:MCPG 986:CTEP 949:DHPG 939:CHPG 924:ACPD 890:MCPG 815:DHPG 810:ACPD 728:2007 707:2001 703:PNAS 686:2001 664:2017 634:PMID 583:PMID 389:and 375:DHPG 176:UNII 137:MeSH 944:DFB 732:447 690:276 624:doi 573:PMC 565:doi 431:), 427:or 373:or 202:EPA 155:CID 2253:: 2194:: 1772:• 1768:• 1707:; 1658:; 1447:; 1365:; 1229:; 1172:; 1028:; 971:; 730:, 726:, 711:98 709:, 705:, 688:, 684:, 668:67 666:, 662:, 640:. 632:. 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Index

ganciclovir

IUPAC name
CAS Number
162870-29-3
JSmol
Interactive image
ChemSpider
11377133
MeSH
3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine
PubChem
443586
UNII
CF5G2G268A
CompTox Dashboard
DTXSID901311536
Edit this at Wikidata
InChI
SMILES
Chemical formula
Molar mass
standard state
verify
what is
Infobox references
agonist
metabotropic glutamate receptors
mGluR1
mGluR5

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