499:, and disappeared from view. In 1958/1959, Di Benedetto revived doubts by comparing the received text with ancient grammatical papyri that had since come to light. He argued that before the 3rd to 4th centuries AD, no papyri on Greek grammar reveal material structured in a way similar to the exposition we have in Dionysius's treatise, that the surviving witnesses for the period before that late date, namely authors such as
1713:
1697:
1049:καὶ αὐτὰ εἴδη προσαγορεύεται· κύριον, προσηγορικόν, ἐπίθετον, πρός τι ἔχον, ὡς πρός τι ἔχον, ὁμώνυμον, συνώνυμον, διώνυμον, ἐπώνυμον, ἐθνικόν, ἐρωτηματικόν, ἀόριστον, ἀναφορικὸν ὃ καὶ ὁμοιωματικὸν καὶ δεικτικὸν καὶ ἀνταποδοτικὸν καλεῖται, περιληπτικόν, ἐπιμεριζόμενον, περιεκτικόν, πεποιημένον, γενικόν, ἰδικόν, τακτικόν, ἀριθμητικόν, ἀπολελυμένον, μετουσιαστικόν.
1056:: proper, appellative, adjective, relative, quasi-relative, homonym, synonym, pheronym, dionym, eponym, national, interrogative, indefinite, anaphoric (also called assimilative, demonstrative, and retributive), collective, distributive, inclusive, onomatopoetic, general, special, ordinal, numeral, participative, independent.
146:
who excerpted
Dionysius' work it is clear that he was decidedly independent in his textual judgements on the Homeric corpus, since he frequently contradicts his master's known readings. His teaching may have exercised a formative impact on the rise of Roman grammatical studies if as an entry in the
46:. He was long considered to be the author of the earliest grammatical text on the Greek language, one that was used as a standard manual for perhaps some 1,500 years, and which was until recently regarded as the groundwork of the entire Western grammatical tradition.
125:
use of that material. He wrote prolifically in three genres: philological questions (γραμματικά); running commentaries (ὑπομνήματα) and treatises (συνταγματικά). Of the last genre, he wrote a polemical monograph criticizing the
Homeric interpretations of
195:'s edition, runs to fifty pages. Its importance in Byzantine scholarship is attested by the fact that commentaries on it by Byzantine scholiasts run to some 600 pages. The text itself was thought to be the unique extant example of a work by
487:, by analyzing the scholia on the text that had recently been collected and published by A. I. Bekker, concluded that the text as we have it was to be dated, not to the Hellenistic period but rather to the
641:(διόρθωσις), literally "correction", indicates the scholarly work of "recension" of a text, that is, the establishment of the correct text by critical analysis and choice of specific readings. The
334:, though strong doubts exist as to whether or not this division goes back to Dionysius Thrax, since ancient testimonies assert that he conflated proper nouns and appellatives, and classified
1539:(1987). "The Tekhne grammatike of Dionysius Thrax in its Historical Perspective: The Evolution of the Traditional European Word Class System". In Swiggers, Pierre; van Hoecke, Willy (eds.).
62:. His Thracian background was inferred from the name of his father Tērēs (Τήρης), which is considered to be a Thracian name. One of his co-students during his studies in Alexandria under
1667:
1705:
1194:
Berrettoni, Pierangelo (2004). "On the
Geometrical Background of Dionysius Thrax' Definition of Comparatives". In Petrilli, Raffaella; Gambarara, Daniele (eds.).
1422:
679:(in between), meaning neither male nor female, a terminology which was adopted in Stoic approaches, which however established οὐδέτερον as the default term.
515:, fail to cite him, and that Dionysius's work only begins to receive explicit mention in the works written from the 5th century onwards by such scholars as
565:
Scholia in
Dionysii Thracis Artem Grammaticam, recensuit et apparatum criticum indicesque adiecit Alfredus Hilgard, Lipsiae: in aedibus B.G. Teubneri
90:(11,489a, b), his Rhodian pupils, grateful for his learning, gathered enough silver to enable him to fashion a cup whose shape aspired to recreate
203:
which, until relatively late, showed no awareness of key elements in the text attributed to
Dionysius Thrax. It concerns itself primarily with a
1648:
1621:
1596:
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1184:
199:. This general consensus began to break down when examinations of grammatical texts datable to a later period emerged among the finds of the
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621:, deals with. That phrase was translated by Di Benedetto as "textual criticism" which however in classical Greek was called
1721:
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342:. In the text attributed to Dionysius, the eight classes, which Di Benedetto and others argue was probably developed by
990:
377:) are distinguished, together with the five case endings. He also notes however that two other terms are also in use:
91:
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63:
43:
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as "the empirical knowledge of what is for the most part being said by poets and prose writers". He states that
1766:
1578:
1378:
1159:
389:(epicene) used to define words whose gender is stable, but which can refer to either sex, instancing χελιδών (
204:
113:, which was integral to his training under Aristarchus in Alexandria. His work shows some influence of earlier
39:
484:
1544:
1375:
The
Passionate Intellect. Essays on the Transformation of Classical Traditions Presented to Prof. I. G. Kidd
1169:"Interpreting readers: the Role of Greco-Roman Education in Early Interpretation of New Testament Writings"
1736:
1682:
381:(common) designating those words whose gender varies depending on the sex of the creature, such as ἵππος (
192:
1741:
1584:
A History of
Classical Scholarship: From the End of the Sixth Century B.C. to the End of the Middle Ages
1299:
1281:
1267:
527:. Di Benedetto concluded that only the first five paragraphs of the treatise came from Dionysius' hand.
480:
67:
1173:
Scriptural
Interpretation at the Interface between Education and Religion: In Memory of Hans Conzelmann
1756:
1688:
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343:
143:
79:
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508:
152:
110:
318:) or letters of the alphabet, together with the divisions into vowels, diphthongs and consonants.
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1245:
Between
Grammar and Rhetoric: Dionysius of Halicarnassus on Language, Linguistics, and Literature
263:
200:
196:
95:
617:
Strictly speaking, "literary criticism" is more or less what the sixth section of the treatise,
550:"Elle a été considérée comme le texte d'ancrage de toute la tradition grammaticale occidentale."
121:
to have been an erudite analyst of Greek lyric poetry, perhaps referring to his linguistic and
1644:
1617:
1592:
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1228:
1201:
1180:
1168:
516:
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335:
212:
1632:
1607:
1512:
1471:
1405:
1249:
1176:
520:
500:
488:
362:
127:
321:
Paragraphs 7–10 deal with syllables, long (μακραὶ συλλαβαί), short (βραχεῖαι συλλαβαί) and
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1323:
995:
671:
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216:
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when the latter went into voluntary exile, and while
Dionysius was still teaching there.
171:
Dionysius Thrax was credited traditionally as the author of the first extant grammar of
1341:
699:
331:
177:
172:
131:
36:
23:
1489:
History of classical scholarship from the beginnings to the end of the Hellenistic age
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220:
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to around 144/143 BC, when political upheavals associated with the policies of
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Word and Meaning in Ancient Alexandria: Theories of Language from Philo to Plotinus
496:
669:. He designated the neuter category by the word σκεῦoς (inanimate thing; σκεύη in
1487:
1309:
479:
Modern scepticism over the attribution is associated with the pioneering work of
1430:
534:, Di Benedetto's argument today has found general acceptance among specialists.
114:
1044:
1717:
1712:
1701:
1696:
1371:"Crates Mallos, Dionysius Thrax and the Tradition of Stoic Grammatical Theory"
666:
512:
288:): finding the correct meaning of words according to their origin (etymology).
159:
may have profited from Dionysius' instruction, since he accompanied to Rhodes
59:
1637:
History and Perspectives of Language Study: Papers in Honor of Ranko Bugarski
1475:
1409:
1147:
662:
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83:
524:
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For example, the appellative (προσηγορία), which he considers a species (
409:, proper nouns, appellatives, collectives, ordinals, numerals and more.
234:, what we might nowadays call "literary criticism", comprises six parts:
1396:
Kemp, J. Alan, ed. (1986). "The Tekhne Grammatike of Dionysius Thrax".
339:
135:
1032:
1286:
530:
Though initially rebuffed by scholars of the calibre of Pfeiffer and
471:
Paragraphs 12-20 then elaborate successively on the parts of speech.
323:
208:
155:
was one of his pupils. The founder of classical scholarship in Rome,
75:
55:
251:): reading aloud with correct pronunciation, accent and punctuation.
1609:
The Best of the Grammarians: Aristarchus of Samothrace on the Iliad
1459:
130:. Another work he is said to have written was the Περὶ ποσοτήτων (
118:
99:
1040:
402:
358:
148:
82:
are thought to have led to his exile. According to a report in
974:
182:
27:
1305:
Il richiamo del testo. Contributi di filologia e letteratura
1270:(1958–1959). "Dionisio Trace e la Techne a lui attribuita".
1555:(1998) . "The Authenticity of the Technē". In Law, Vivien;
1078:
1076:
855:
853:
828:
826:
736:
734:
732:
277:): common exposition of obsolete words and subject matter.
1436:
English Grammatical Categories: And the Tradition to 1800
944:
942:
940:
777:
775:
773:
1635:. In Tomić, Olga Mišeska; Radovanović, Milorad (eds.).
117:, particularly on word classes. He is also reported by
215:
sometime around the 5th to 6th centuries AD, and into
1343:
La Naissance de la Grammaire dans l'Antiquité grecque
1273:
Annali della Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa (ASNP)
567:
1901. The collections of scholia are the following:
416:) of the proper noun, not a distinct part of speech.
1672:[Art of Grammar] (in Greek). Archived from
1340:
1227:. Munster: Nodus Publikationen. pp. 121–133.
256:ἐξήγησις κατὰ τοὺς ἐνυπάρχοντας ποιητικοὺς τρόπους
226:Dionysius defines grammar at the beginning of the
1460:"Techne Grammatike e la documentazione papiracea"
346:several decades after Dionysius, are as follows:
1687:(in Greek and Latin). B. G. Tevbner – via
1563:. Munster: Nodus Publikationen. pp. 13–26.
563:, which have been edited by A. Hilgard in 1901:
1197:Actualité des anciens sur la théorie du langage
207:description of Greek, lacking any treatment of
70:, who also became a distinguished grammarian.
1464:Rivista di Filologia e di Istruzione Classica
58:as the epithet "Thrax" denotes, but probably
8:
1118:
310:): critical judgement of the works examined.
1720:has original text related to this article:
1704:has original text related to this article:
1284:(1990). "At the Origins of Greek Grammar".
649:) is the final result of such an operation.
299:): setting forth or considering analogies.
271:ἀπόδοσις πρόχειρος γλωσσῶν τε καὶ ἰστοριῶν
1561:Dionysius Thrax and the Technē Grammatikē
1225:Dionysius Thrax and the Technē Grammatikē
793:
752:
740:
1633:"The Amnesic Syndromes of Structuralism"
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948:
931:
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832:
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658:Classification according to gender was,
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1007:
723:
691:
543:
483:in particular, though as early as 1822
1200:. Nodus Publications. pp. 17–36.
1130:
883:
805:
491:. Göttling's thesis convinced neither
1242:De Jonge, Casper Constantijn (2008).
138:preserved from the critical works of
7:
1215:Clackson, James Peter (1998) . "The
700:"Dionysius Thrax | Greek grammarian"
573:Commentarius Melampodis seu Diomedis
559:There are extensive scholia to the
314:Paragraph 6 outlines the στοιχεῖα (
266:, the figurative language of texts.
675:pl.), which Aristotle replaced by
14:
608:, Volume 2 Berlin 1816 pp 627–643
361:: a part of speech inflected for
245:ἀνάγνωσις ἐντριβὴς κατὰ προσῳδίαν
1711:
1695:
589:Scholiorum collectio Londinensis
365:. Its three genders: masculine (
1419:La grammaire de Denys le Thrace
1043:translated by Thomas Davidson,
211:. The work was translated into
74:dates his shift to the isle of
1722:The grammar of Dionysios Thrax
1339:Ildefonse, Frédérique (1997).
1219:in Armenian". In Law, Vivien;
1:
1167:Berglund, Carl Johan (2018).
585:Scholiorum collectio Marciana
581:Scholiorum collectio Vaticana
16:Greek grammarian (170–90 BCE)
1614:University of Michigan Press
1606:Schironi, Francesca (2018).
54:His place of origin was not
1541:Mots et parties du discours
1398:Historiographia Linguistica
1790:
1631:Škiljan, Dubravko (2000).
1589:Cambridge University Press
1511:Robertson, David (2008) .
1441:Cambridge University Press
1171:. In Wilk, Florian (ed.).
975:
183:
109:Dionysius was primarily a
28:
1747:Ancient Greek grammarians
1681:Thrax, Dionysius (1883).
1641:John Benjamins Publishing
1276:. 62/28: 169–210, 87–118.
593:Commentariolus Byzantinus
223:around that same period.
80:Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II
44:Aristarchus of Samothrace
1668:
1379:Rutgers University Press
1160:Harvard University Press
330:Paragraph 11 treats the
115:Stoic grammatical theory
1752:Ancient Thracian Greeks
1545:Leuven University Press
1476:10.1484/J.RFIC.5.123263
1421:(2nd ed.). Paris:
1410:10.1075/hl.13.2-3.12kem
991:A Greek–English Lexicon
704:Encyclopedia Britannica
1417:Lallot, Jean (2003) .
1373:. In Ayres, L. (ed.).
1300:Di Benedetto, Vincenzo
1282:Di Benedetto, Vincenzo
1268:Di Benedetto, Vincenzo
1152:Gulick, Charles Burton
1035:' at Dionysius Thrax,
577:Commentarius Heliodori
193:August Immanuel Bekker
191:). The Greek text, in
104:Book 11, lines 632–637
1762:Linguists from Greece
1458:Pagani, Lara (2014).
982:Liddell, Henry George
485:Karl Wilhelm Göttling
481:Vincenzo Di Benedetto
463:(h) the conjunction (
449:(f) the preposition (
262:): exposition of the
161:Q. Metellus Numidicus
68:Apollodorus of Athens
1772:Ancient Alexandrians
1689:The Internet Archive
1553:Robins, Robert Henry
1537:Robins, Robert Henry
1381:. pp. 213–233.
1312:. pp. 381–461.
1179:. pp. 204–246.
820:, pp. 100, 137.
569:Prolegomena Vossiana
428:(c) the participle (
293:ἐκλογισμὸς ἀναλογίας
197:Hellenistic scholars
151:suggests, the elder
1133:, pp. 206–207.
1121:, pp. 381–461.
1010:, pp. 110–111.
922:, p. 20, n.64.
910:, pp. 268–269.
874:, pp. 121–133.
847:, pp. 267–268.
796:, pp. 174–175.
755:, p. 4, n. 10.
665:, the invention of
509:Apollonius Dyscolus
327:(κοιναὶ συλλαβαί).
282:εὕρεσις ἐτυμολογίας
35:, 170–90 BC) was a
33:Dionýsios ho Thrâix
1676:on 25 August 2004.
1666:Thrax, Dionysius.
1643:. pp. 85–99.
1579:Sandys, John Edwin
1519:Ashgate Publishing
1039:(Art of Grammar),
898:, p. 269,n.2.
425:) with its tenses.
332:eight-word classes
201:Oxyrhynchus Papyri
1650:978-9-027-23692-0
1623:978-0-472-13076-4
1598:978-1-108-02706-9
1528:978-0-754-60696-3
1450:978-0-521-14326-4
1319:978-8-846-71940-9
1259:978-9-004-16677-6
1186:978-9-004-38569-6
1119:Di Benedetto 2007
1041:14. Περὶ ὀνόματος
674:
604:Immanuel Bekker,
517:Timotheus of Gaza
505:Aelius Herodianus
442:(e) the pronoun (
435:(d) the article (
397:includes various
393:'swallow'). The
357:), translated as
189:Tékhnē grammatikē
167:Tékhnē grammatikē
98:mentioned in the
1779:
1715:
1706:Διονύσιος ὁ Θρᾷξ
1699:
1692:
1684:Τέχνη Γραμματική
1677:
1669:τέχνη γραμματική
1654:
1627:
1602:
1574:
1548:
1547:. pp. 9–37.
1532:
1507:
1484:Pfeiffer, Rudolf
1479:
1454:
1426:
1413:
1404:(2/3): 343–363.
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1331:
1322:. Archived from
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521:Ammonius Hermiae
501:Sextus Empiricus
489:Byzantine period
456:(g) the adverb (
350:(a) the 'name' (
304:κρίσις ποιημάτων
186:
185:
184:Τέχνη γραμματική
31:
30:
29:Διονύσιος ὁ Θρᾷξ
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1494:Clarendon Press
1492:. Vol. 1.
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1326:on 2 April 2019
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1158:. Vol. 5.
1156:Deipnosophistae
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373:) and neutral (
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157:L. Aelius Stilo
111:Homeric scholar
88:Deipnosophistae
72:Rudolf Pfeiffer
52:
42:and a pupil of
20:Dionysius Thrax
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1660:External links
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794:Athenaeus 1933
786:
784:, p. 266.
769:
767:, p. 101.
757:
753:Robertson 2008
745:
743:, p. 447.
741:Ildefonse 1997
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595:(pp. 565–586).
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421:(b) the verb (
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385:'horse') and
338:together with
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178:Art of Grammar
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1738:
1737:170 BC births
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1103:
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1096:
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1091:
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1083:Pfeiffer 1968
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950:
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932:Berglund 2018
928:
925:
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920:Schironi 2018
916:
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908:Pfeiffer 1968
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868:
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818:De Jonge 2008
814:
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132:On quantities
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81:
77:
73:
69:
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61:
57:
49:
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41:
38:
34:
25:
21:
1742:90 BC deaths
1700: Greek
1683:
1674:the original
1636:
1608:
1583:
1560:
1540:
1513:
1488:
1467:
1463:
1435:
1431:Michael, Ian
1418:
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1397:
1374:
1342:
1328:. Retrieved
1324:the original
1310:Edizioni ETS
1304:
1291:
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1216:
1196:
1172:
1155:
1126:
1114:
1102:
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1052:also called
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1027:
1020:Michael 2010
1015:
1008:Michael 2010
1003:
989:
969:
956:
927:
915:
903:
891:
879:
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813:
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789:
760:
748:
724:Škiljan 2000
719:
707:. Retrieved
703:
694:
676:
659:
654:
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642:
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634:
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613:
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497:Gustav Uhlig
478:
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259:
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249:anagnōsis...
248:
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231:
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188:
176:
170:
134:). From the
108:
53:
32:
19:
18:
1757:Koine Greek
1470:: 205–217.
1131:Pagani 2014
1045:On the noun
960:Aristotle,
884:Sandys 2010
806:Robins 1998
336:the article
286:heuresis...
275:apodosis...
260:exēgēsis...
140:Aristonicus
64:Aristarchus
1731:Categories
1718:Wikisource
1702:Wikisource
1543:. Leuven:
1031:The term '
667:Protagoras
639:Diorthōsis
627:diorthōsis
591:(p. 442);
587:(p. 292);
583:(p. 106);
513:Quintilian
475:Authorship
407:adjectives
238:Grammatikḗ
232:grammatikē
60:Alexandria
40:grammarian
1581:(2010) .
1347:. Paris:
1148:Athenaeus
709:20 August
687:Citations
663:Aristotle
623:διόρθωσις
579:(p. 67);
575:(p. 10);
465:σύνδεσμος
444:ἀντωνυμία
387:ἐπίκοινον
375:οὐδέτερον
367:ἀρσενικόν
316:stoikheia
308:krisis...
153:Tyrannion
84:Athenaeus
1559:(eds.).
1486:(1968).
1433:(2010).
1369:(1995).
1330:10 March
1302:(2007).
1294:: 19–39.
1223:(eds.).
1150:(1933).
962:Rhetoric
571:(p. 1);
525:Priscian
458:ἐπίρρημα
451:πρόθεσις
391:khelidōn
340:pronouns
213:Armenian
123:prosodic
1154:(ed.).
1140:Sources
1054:species
994:at the
647:ἔκδοσις
643:ekdosis
399:species
371:θηλυκόν
344:Tryphon
144:Didymus
136:scholia
1647:
1620:
1595:
1567:
1525:
1500:
1447:
1385:
1355:
1316:
1287:Glotta
1256:
1231:
1217:Technē
1204:
1183:
976:σκεῦος
964:3.5.5.
677:μεταξύ
561:Techne
437:ἄρθρον
430:μετοχή
383:hippos
379:κοινόν
324:anceps
228:Tékhnē
217:Syriac
209:syntax
128:Krates
96:Nestor
76:Rhodes
56:Thrace
1250:Brill
1177:Brill
1033:onoma
538:Notes
414:εἶδος
403:nouns
401:like
355:ónoma
352:ὄνομα
173:Greek
119:Varro
100:Iliad
37:Greek
24:Greek
1645:ISBN
1618:ISBN
1593:ISBN
1565:ISBN
1523:ISBN
1498:ISBN
1445:ISBN
1383:ISBN
1353:ISBN
1349:Vrin
1332:2019
1314:ISBN
1254:ISBN
1229:ISBN
1202:ISBN
1181:ISBN
711:2021
660:fide
523:and
511:and
495:nor
423:ῥῆμα
395:name
363:case
359:noun
302:(f)
291:(e)
280:(d)
269:(c)
254:(b)
243:(a)
149:Suda
142:and
92:that
66:was
50:Life
1472:doi
1468:142
1406:doi
672:NOM
219:by
106:).
94:of
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