62:
567:
42:
1720:
331:
1731:
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552:
69:
582:, which is at approximately 100 metres (330 ft). Water is pumped back from Llyn Peris to Marchlyn Mawr during off-peak times. Although it uses more energy to pump the water up than is generated on the way down, pumping is generally done when electricity is cheaper and generation when it is more expensive.
419:
allows PHES operators to charge high prices for energy supplied at short notice when demand is high but studies suggest that revenue from sales alone, even at peak prices, does not warrant the initial investment; projections for similar projects indicate a payback time of up to forty years.
617:, a rare fish in the United Kingdom. When the scheme was commissioned, a fish rescue was undertaken to transfer the char from Llyn Peris to other local suitable lakes and it is believed that due to the very variable water levels in Llyn Peris, Arctic char are now absent from the lake.
629:– to see the workings inside the power station; 132,000 people visited the attraction in 2015. In 2021, First Hydro Company announced that tours inside the power station would cease and the visitor centre would close, and then that the visitor centre would be demolished in 2023.
585:
The plant runs on average at 74–76% efficiency. It fills an important need in the system by responding to sudden surges in electricity demand because of its rapid ability to deliver power on load spikes. One of the alternatives would be to have spare capacity from conventional
360:
MW thermal sets were introduced in the 1960s, initially for baseload operation only. Dinorwig could store cheap energy produced at night by low marginal cost plant and then generate during times of peak demand, so displacing low efficiency plant during peak demand periods.
480:
tons) of rock had to be moved from inside the mountain, creating tunnels wide enough for two lorries to pass comfortably and an enormous cavern 51 metres (167 ft) tall, 180 metres (590 ft) long, and 23 metres (75 ft) wide known as "the concert hall".
1778:
736:
488:
kV cables that are buried for approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi), rather than using transmission towers or pylons to transmit the electricity across an area of outstanding natural beauty.
352:(CEGB); with the purpose of providing peak capacity, very rapid response, energy storage and frequency control. Dinorwig's very rapid response capability significantly reduced the need to hold
663:
543:
GWh. At peak output water flows through the generators at 390 cubic metres (86,000 imperial gallons) per second (about the volume of a 25 m (27 yd) swimming pool every second).
391:
but also as a short term operating reserve (STOR), providing a fast response to short-term rapid changes in power demand or sudden loss of power stations. In a common scenario (known as
1022:
594:"), hence at lower efficiency than otherwise, and thus capable of being rapidly run up to full load. Other forms of power plant compete in this market for reserve power such as
524:
seconds. With all six units synchronised and spinning-in-air (water is dispelled by compressed air and the unit draws a small amount of power to spin the shaft at full speed), 0
653:
838:
625:
The power station was also promoted as a tourist attraction, with visitors able to take a minibus trip from "Electric
Mountain" – the name of its nearby visitor centre in
643:
744:
1768:
356:
on part loaded thermal plant. When the plant was conceived the CEGB used low efficiency old coal and oil fired capacity to meet peaks in demand. More efficient 500
1783:
758:
395:), the end of a popular national television programme or advertising breaks in commercial television programmes results in millions of consumers switching on
1788:
1233:
437:
796:
384:
pits was approved in 2013, with an expected cost of £120 million. As of 2019, this project has reached the "detailed engineering design" stage.
61:
1798:
720:
320:. The scheme can supply a maximum power of 1,728 MW (2,317,000 hp) and has a storage capacity of around 9.1 GWh (33 TJ).
1029:
101:
349:
412:
348:
The scheme was built at a time when responsibility for electricity generation in
England and Wales was in the hands of the government's
508:
reversible turbines. The generators are vertical-shaft, salient-pole, air-cooled units each having 12 electromagnetic poles weighing 10
970:
1528:
373:
456:
million – was the largest civil engineering contract ever awarded by the UK government at the time. The work was undertaken by an
845:
369:
1315:
777:
658:
297:
1627:
1388:
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1104:
603:
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power, the need for storage is expected to increase to deal with intermittency. A 50 MW pumped storage facility at nearby
1253:
638:
1773:
1533:
420:
Additionally, however, Dinorwig PHES receives a steady income for maintaining a permanent on-call capacity for urgent
536:
seconds. Once running, at full flow, the station can provide power for up to six hours before running out of water.
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reservoir. When power needs to be generated, water from the reservoir is sent down through the turbines into
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782:
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520:
rpm. From standstill, a single 450-tonne generator can synchronise and achieve full load in approximately 75
452:, inside tunnels and caverns. The project – begun in 1974 and taking ten years to complete at a cost of £425
445:
1562:
1398:
1058:
1440:
1393:
1132:
870:
Barbour, Edward; Wilson, I. A. Grant; Radcliffe, Jonathan; Ding, Yulong; Li, Yongliang (1 August 2016).
613:
and is then lost from the reservoir system. Both Llyn Peris and Llyn Padarn were ancestral homes to the
778:
Strategic
Assessment of the Role and Value of Energy Storage Systems in the UK Low Carbon Energy Future
872:"A review of pumped hydro energy storage development in significant international electricity markets"
1607:
1344:
1592:
1435:
648:
388:
377:
894:
684:
216:
737:"Grid-connected energy storage: a new piece in the UK energy puzzle – The Engineer The Engineer"
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871:
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421:
411:
In 2016 it was suggested that in
Britain's open energy market the financial justification for
353:
1157:
1454:
1001:
886:
599:
591:
339:
334:
The
Dinorwic Quarry, showing the major inclines, mills, levels and tramways, along with the
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in the space of a few minutes, leading to overall demand increases of up to 2,800
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47:
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The power station is connected to the
National Grid substation at Pentir by 400
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786:, June 2012. Retrieved: 21 September 2022. Size: 4.5MB in 108 pages.
767:, August 2012. Retrieved: 22 January 2015. Size: 3.7MB in 115 pages.
1211:
1059:"Inside Electric Mountain: Britain's biggest rechargeable battery"
565:
550:
381:
329:
317:
164:
1779:
Pumped-storage hydroelectric power stations in the United
Kingdom
1086:
574:
Water is stored at 636 metres (2,087 ft) above sea level in
1215:
539:
The energy storage capacity of the station is approximately 9.1
448:, the power station itself is located deep inside the mountain
1133:"First Hydro Company - Electric Mountain Refurbishment Update"
368:
but it was not built. With the increase of renewables such as
570:
Looking down on the power station from the slate trail above
262:
664:
Relative cost of electricity generated by different sources
271:
268:
253:
1201:
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46:
Part of the power station as seen on the exterior of
914:, Elaine Williams, A National Grid Publication, 1991
364:
There were plans for a pumped storage facility near
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1462:
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654:
List of pumped-storage hydroelectric power stations
256:
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159:
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34:
1052:
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436:The scheme was constructed under the terms of the
644:Energy use and conservation in the United Kingdom
1112:Welsh Government: Visits to Tourist Attractions
512:tonnes each, producing a terminal voltage of 18
1188:The Road to Success: Alfred McAlpine 1935–1985
68:
1227:
839:"National Grid leaflet: "Forecasting Demand""
803:, 26 August 2014. Retrieved: 22 January 2015.
464:consortium. Twelve million tonnes (12,000,000
8:
971:"Electric Mountain - Dinorwig Power Station"
685:"Electric Mountain - Dinorwig Power Station"
532:MW load can be achieved in approximately 16
387:Dinorwig is operated not only to help meet
76:Location of Dinorwig Power Station in Wales
1582:
1552:
1518:
1459:
1373:
1329:
1320:
1234:
1220:
1212:
40:
31:
1158:"First Hydro Company - Electric Mountain"
438:North Wales Hydro Electric Power Act 1973
879:Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
708:Sustainable Energy - without the hot air
700:
698:
1769:Energy infrastructure completed in 1984
1105:"Wales Visitor Attractions Survey 2015"
675:
440:. It was constructed in the abandoned
424:; in 2016 this was approximately £10.8
1784:Hydroelectric power stations in Wales
759:Understanding the Balancing Challenge
283:
7:
444:. To preserve the natural beauty of
350:Central Electricity Generating Board
1789:Buildings and structures in Gwynedd
496:The power station comprises six 300
413:pumped hydroelectric energy storage
232:https://www.electricmountain.co.uk/
163:First Hydro Company (a division of
211:6 × 300 MW (400,000 hp)
25:
1023:"First Hydro Analysts Conference"
743:. 8 November 2012. Archived from
221:1,800 MW (2,400,000 hp)
1741:
1729:
1719:
1718:
912:Dinorwig – The Electric Mountain
246:
67:
60:
797:A closing window of opportunity
659:List of energy storage projects
1264:Distribution network operators
609:Excess water will overflow to
1:
604:National Grid Reserve Service
415:(PHES) was hard to quantify.
1799:1984 establishments in Wales
1254:Energy in the United Kingdom
1057:SA Mathieson (16 May 2016).
639:Control of the National Grid
516:kV; synchronous speed is 500
504:generator/motors coupled to
298:pumped-storage hydroelectric
1002:"Volume of a Swimming Pool"
1815:
1287:Western Power Distribution
1087:"Electric Mountain - Home"
891:10.1016/j.rser.2016.04.019
711:. Cambridge: UIT. p.
1714:
1701:Renewable energy in Wales
1249:
705:MacKay, David JC (2009).
225:
55:
39:
783:Imperial College London
764:Imperial College London
446:Snowdonia National Park
217:Installed capacity
133:Construction began
1190:. Rainbird Publishing.
1091:electricmountain.co.uk
975:electricmountain.co.uk
818:Snowdonia Pumped Hydro
801:Quarry Battery Company
689:electricmountain.co.uk
590:running part loaded ("
571:
563:
343:
242:Dinorwig Power Station
149:Construction cost
35:Dinorwig Power Station
29:Dam in Dinorwig, Wales
18:Dinorwig power station
569:
554:
442:Dinorwic slate quarry
333:
1085:Mountain, Electric.
969:Mountain, Electric.
683:Mountain, Electric.
422:frequency regulation
288:), known locally as
198:Commission date
117:53.11861°N 4.11389°W
1202:First Hydro Company
1186:Gray, Tony (1987).
956:12 May 2016 at the
951:First Hydro webpage
938:12 May 2016 at the
933:International Power
851:on 29 December 2009
747:on 27 January 2013.
649:Grid energy storage
285:[dɪˈnɔrwɪɡ]
113: /
1774:Tourism in Gwynedd
1000:Gilbert, Jeffrey.
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122:53.11861; -4.11389
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741:theengineer.co.uk
722:978-0-9544529-3-3
600:diesel generators
312:national park in
290:Electric Mountain
238:
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141:Opening date
16:(Redirected from
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981:on 7 August 2017
977:. Archived from
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844:. Archived from
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814:"Project Status"
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592:spinning reserve
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340:Dinorwic Railway
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1035:on 7 March 2014
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795:Holmes, Dave. "
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583:
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568:
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557:
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492:Specification
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1479:
1187:
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1161:
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1140:. Retrieved
1136:
1127:
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1111:
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1080:
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1064:The Register
1062:
1037:. Retrieved
1030:the original
1017:
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995:
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979:the original
974:
964:
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928:
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911:
907:
882:
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853:. Retrieved
846:the original
833:
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817:
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781:
772:
762:
753:
745:the original
740:
731:
707:
688:
678:
624:
608:
596:gas turbines
584:
573:
538:
506:Francis-type
495:
483:
435:
432:Construction
410:
386:
363:
347:
293:
289:
241:
239:
226:
26:
1628:North Hoyle
1613:Gwynt y Môr
1529:Trawsfynydd
1500:Swansea Bay
1117:16 February
923:Gray, p. 14
885:: 421–432.
615:Arctic char
611:Llyn Padarn
556:Elidir Fawr
450:Elidir Fawr
380:in disused
378:Glyn Rhonwy
155:425 million
120: /
96:Coordinates
48:Elidir Fawr
1763:Categories
1706:Ynni Cymru
1643:Rhyl Flats
1633:Parc Cynog
1608:Cefn Croes
1578:Wind farms
1490:Ffestiniog
1384:Baglan Bay
1350:Rogerstone
1325:Coal-fired
1007:3 December
823:21 October
670:References
580:Llyn Peris
528:MW to 1800
460:/ Brand /
389:peak loads
187:Llyn Peris
108:04°06′50″W
105:53°07′07″N
1652:Cancelled
1593:Alltwalis
1548:Oil-fired
1495:Maentwrog
1485:Dolgarrog
1369:Gas-fired
1299:SP Manweb
855:3 January
627:Llanberis
547:Operation
428:million.
417:Arbitrage
393:TV pickup
310:Snowdonia
306:Llanberis
172:Reservoir
1724:Category
1563:Pembroke
1480:Dinorwig
1475:Cwm Dyli
1470:Blaencwm
1420:Abernedd
1399:Pembroke
1355:Uskmouth
1340:Aberthaw
1277:Infralec
1207:BBC H2G2
1167:15 March
1142:15 March
954:Archived
936:Archived
899:55992075
633:See also
602:for the
562:at right
462:Zschokke
316:, north
302:Dinorwig
207:Turbines
160:Owner(s)
89:Dinorwig
85:Location
1681:Morlais
1514:Nuclear
1441:Shotton
1394:Deeside
1180:Sources
1070:27 June
1039:8 April
985:7 April
621:Tourism
324:Purpose
314:Gwynedd
296:, is a
227:Website
185:Lower:
180:Upper:
177:Creates
91:, Wales
1736:Energy
1586:Active
1556:Closed
1522:Closed
1463:Active
1429:Closed
1413:Future
1404:Severn
1377:Active
1345:Llynfi
1333:Closed
1282:SWALEC
897:
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366:Exmoor
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281:Welsh:
1748:Wales
1694:Other
1673:Tidal
1603:Carno
1534:Wylfa
1436:Barry
1108:(PDF)
1033:(PDF)
1026:(PDF)
895:S2CID
875:(PDF)
849:(PDF)
842:(PDF)
558:with
476:short
382:slate
374:solar
318:Wales
292:, or
165:Engie
1169:2024
1144:2024
1119:2017
1072:2016
1041:2013
1009:2017
987:2018
857:2010
825:2019
717:ISBN
598:and
468:long
403:MW.
372:and
370:wind
338:and
240:The
201:1984
144:1984
136:1974
887:doi
713:191
502:GEC
500:MW
308:in
263:ɔːr
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269:ɪ
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260:n
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254:ɪ
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153:£
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