407:
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become a nun: "This is why Pascal, whose love for
Mademoiselle de Roannez encountered insurmountable obstacles in the world and who could not open up to his passion At the end of the marriage, he withdrew from the world and did everything to remove Mlle de Roannez from it. (...) He pushed her towards the cloister, at the same time as he plunged into the solitude of a fierce retreat. (...) This destiny, in a word, was to be conquered for God by Pascal, who thus avenged himself or consoled himself for not having been able to conquer it for himself." De Lescure shares Faugère's romanticized vision and concludes the article from which these quotes are taken by affirming that "Pascal loved Charlotte de Roannez, that he was loved by her; that not being able to marry materially before men, they married morally before God, renouncing earthly happiness, to give to their common hopes the infinite horizon of celestial happiness (...)".
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mention of Blaise Pascal, and in view of the differences between manuscripts C and G, copy G cannot have been based on the one discovered by Victor Cousin and comes either from the original manuscript or from another copy. Critics also agree that it is more recent than copy C and that this second copyist was as careless as his predecessor: he also omitted certain words, and even an entire line; however, certain differences with manuscript C could be due to liberties taken with the text. Despite these changes, Victor Giraud believes that the G copy is more faithful to the original text than the C copy. Comparisons between the two versions lead to two conclusions, highlighted by Brunet: the original writer was not very legible, and the maxims he copied are open to interpretation.
583:
really loved (...), he would not have loved at all. half (...); he would have given himself entirely; his "great soul" would only have been capable of "violent love"; all the ardor of his nature, of his "spirit so lively and active", all the passion of his sensitivity would have been carried out, would have passed into this new passion, as they have passed into all the simultaneous or successive passions which shared his all-too-short existence." In other words, it seems impossible to them that Pascal could be in love and not express himself in a text of very uncertain origin, of which no trace has been found among the writer's papers, and which some consider to be cold and intellectual. For Sainte-Beuve on the contrary, it is precisely because the
524:
601:
627:, which for some evokes a confession, and the known elements of Pascal's life with regard to the Roannez, researchers like Adolphe de Lescure and especially Armand-Prosper Faugère thought that Charlotte Gouffier de Roannez was the inspiration for the text, that is to say the woman with whom Pascal would have been in love. The passage "when one loves a lady without equality of condition" in particular, for some refers to this young woman, from a wealthier background than that of Blaise Pascal. Faugère is criticized for letting his imagination run wild and "composing the novel" of Pascal when he supports this hypothesis. However, unlike Armand-Prosper Faugère or Adolphe de Lescure,
711:, a major argument is raised against "Pascal's novel": the scientist having already enjoyed great fame during his lifetime, those who do not not believing in a possible story between Pascal and Charlotte de Roannez argue that such facts would necessarily have been known and reported. However, no concrete testimony exists on this subject, and Victor Giraud already affirmed, at the beginning of the 20th century, that "there is no one today who seriously maintains that Pascal was in love with Mlle de Roannez. All those who believed in this legend and who propagated it — Faugère, de Lescure, Ricard, Derôme and Molinier — are dead, and, as it seems to me, the legend with them".
380:
close to Pascal, both as clerics and as members of his family, wanted to discard what they considered to be unfavourable to his image, or even to eliminate all "embarrassing documents". According to Lafuma, this argument is without value since other statements by Pascal contrary to doctrine have reached the public, and it would be strange if these texts, which were nevertheless recognised as not "morally unworthy of the author of the Pensées", had been suppressed even though the originals of other more controversial texts had been preserved - even though the texts in question had not been published. Indeed, although certain "intimate writings cf
1732:
in detail since it has not been the subject of autobiographical accounts. Even at the time of the events, she continued to give Pascal a very mixed reputation. His sister
Jacqueline wrote to him, for example, in her letter of 19 January 1655: "It seems to me that you deserved in many ways to be bothered for a while longer by the scent of the quagmire that you had embraced so eagerly". However, while Jacqueline strongly condemned his attitude and tried to bring him back to a lifestyle closer to the religious ideal, Pascal's actions were largely mitigated by the testimonies of Jansenists, including his other sister, Gilberte PĂ©rier.
1310:
love has to be "great", it can only have a high-ranking person as its object. This could be similar to what
Charles-Henri Boudhors suggests when he points out a notable difference between the two manuscript versions of the Discourse: manuscript G speaks of finding the object of one's affection below one's station rather than above it. For Boudhors, it is very likely that a woman conceived this idea, since women were much more likely than men to have suitors from the upper social classes. He takes Louis XIV and Madame de Scarron as examples. Georges Brunet also assumes that one or more women may have been behind formulas such as "
227:
350:, Georges Brunet, Maurice Souriau, Manlio Duilio Busnelli and Louis Lafuma. Finally, others were more indecisive, such as Zacharie Tourneur and Gonzague Truc. As for Victor Giraud, although he was sceptical at first, he eventually became convinced that the text was indeed by Pascal; in his review of Lafuma's work attributing the Discours to the Marquis Charles-Paul d'Escoubleau, he nevertheless acknowledged that "the conjecture proposed by M. Lafuma is not without some plausibility" and suggested testing this hypothesis by examining d'Escoubleau archives in search of clues.
1073:
478:, that the text seems calculated; rather, he describes it as "wanted" when he republishes his article. He also does not seem to notice that the handwritten mention "It is attributed to Pascal" presents, as Henri Jacoubet asserts, an erasure on the "l'" as if the author of this mention had hesitated. The copyist could have wanted to write, initially, "It was attributed to", but the crossed out word is "the", which rather provides information on the nature of the text which, before being titled "Discours ", could have referred to a set of texts or maxims.
560:, on the contrary, satisfies an expectation by adding the character of Pascal in love to the scientist and the religious. As for Giraud, "That Pascal was truly in love would not diminish him in my eyes – quite the contrary. It would not even displease me in the slightest - were I to be accused of a little persistent romanticism - if the author of the Pensées, who knew and experienced all the great sentiments of humanity, had also known this one, before making the sacrifice to his God. His 'case' would perhaps be more significant and more complete...".
1322:
290:
654:
the letters to
Charlotte de Roannez seem to be the subject of different interpretations depending on the bias of the critics, since Faugère sees on the contrary in them "a tender solicitude that charity alone would not explain". Gabriel Langlois goes even further and assumes that not only was Charlotte de Roannez the mistress of Blaise Pascal, but that, under the assumed name of Anne Charmat, she also had a child with him recognized by Pascal in 1653 He would have actually confused Blaise Pascal, the scholar, with one of his
991:, and in particular his reuse of Plato's Banquet and the myth of the androgyne, can also be found in the Discourse. However, the rest of the Discours takes a different approach to the androgynous myth, defining the heart as the seat of the passions instead of the brain - and more specifically the pineal gland - in Descartes. Descartes' thought, as assimilated by Malebranche, can also be found in the Discourse, and the opening line of the text, "Man was born to think", evokes Descartes' "cogito ergo sum".
282:
may already have been attributed to Pascal: the copyist could therefore have had information about the true author and the reason for attributing the work to Pascal. Moreover, if the copyist wanted to conceal the identity of the author, why in that case distribute the manuscript by copying it? Especially as Pascal's manuscripts are far from being concealed, other people would have been able to recognise the
Discours if it had been Pascal's and would quickly have revealed the identity of its author.
960:
510:". The evidence put forward in terms of style is in fact sometimes considered insufficient, as is the case for Armand-Prosper Faugère, accused of having let himself get carried away and of having imagined a story of thwarted love between Charlotte de Roannez and Blaise Pascal. This is perceived as a "pure construction of the mind, (...) which does not have the slightest plausibility" by authors such as Antoine Adam, who positions himself against the authenticity of the Discourse.
1456:
1334:
concerned, he considers source H to be the most important, given the length of his contribution on the one hand and the fact that the other sources seem to respond to him on the other. H seems to be the main material of the
Discourse, which is commented on and discussed by the other sources. A primitive text consisting solely of the maxims attributable to source H might even have existed at first and been enriched on the occasion of a reading in an assembly.
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ones to note this anecdote, Faugère like Giraud emphasize that it is certainly a mistake: according to an editor of these Mémoires, Benoît Gonod, Fléchier confuses a certain Jeanne
Enjobert, herself married to an Étienne Pascal, with the mother of Blaise Pascal, Antoinette Begon. The one who assiduously frequented the young woman mentioned would therefore not be Blaise Pascal, the scholar, but his homonymous cousin, financial secretary advisor.
956:" ("By dint of talking about love, one becomes in love") in the Discours has similarities with La Bruyère's maxim, "There are people who would never have been in love if they had never heard of love". As far as La Bruyère is concerned140, the phrase "Qu'une vie est heureuse quand elle commence par l'amour et qu'elle finit par l'ambition!" is undeniably reminiscent of the line in the Characters, "Men begin with love, end with ambition".
758:", Gustave Michaut notes sixteen passages in the Discourses which are particularly similar to Pascal's productions. For A. Barbut, too, the style of the Discourses is entirely in keeping with that of the scholar and, when critics argue that the literary quality of the text is inferior to what Pascal could write, Jacoubet retorts that the style of the Discourses is not the same as that of Pascal. Barbut also felt that the style of the
27:
440:
preparatory notes. Even L'abrégé de la vie de Jésus-Christ, a text by Pascal which was not found until 1845 in the Château de
Klarenbourg, was not completely unknown before that date, since it had previously been reported by Louis Périer, who deposited it at Saint-Germain-des-Prés on 25 September 1711. The fact that Pascal is not mentioned in the copy discovered by Augustin Gazier in 1907 is another point worth noting.
678:
427:, mention this text, nor do the members of Pascal's immediate family. The Chevalier de Méré in particular, a witness to Pascal's social period, would, according to Boudhors, have been in a position to know whether he had produced such a text during this period - all the more so as the philosopher did write on the theme of love between 1650 and 1654, but there is no mention of any notes in connection with the
1650:
inherited. The manuscript, discovered by Cousin in 1843, formed part of a library that came in part from those of Pierre Michon
Bourdelot, Claude de Santeul and Nicolas Amelot de La Houssaye. In 1713, the catalogue of the library of Balthazar-Henri de Fourcy's father attests to the presence of the Discours. As this library was offered for sale, eighteenth-century scholars were certainly aware of the text.
1306:
tones as stemming from the fact that Pascal's work is a work of art. He analyses these different tones as coming from a single person, Pascal, in whom the philosopher and the lover argue. However, Brunet's analysis shows the existence of contradictions in the text which, according to him, can only be due to different arguments presented to the same questions and lead him to identify several authors.
368:- or to Pascal's own. Apart from the importance it could have had for the various religious parties for the vision it gives of Pascal, in view of the notoriety the scholar enjoyed during his lifetime and at an early age, it seems hard to imagine that no one would have mentioned it apart from the copyist who added the words "on l'attribue Ă M. Pascal" (it is attributed to M. Pascal). Even
693:, refused and had them burned. Furthermore, although Pascal's letters to Charlotte de Roannez are not, for Gazier for example, entirely responsible for her plan to become a nun, the Roannez family is extremely hostile towards Blaise Pascal, to the point that the scholar misses being stabbed by their concierge while he is staying in the apartments that
270:, the attribution of which is not disputed, as well as seventeen manuscripts in another collection, are also in his hand. It could be the librarian of Fourcy himself: other remarks and annotations in the same hand as the Discours can be found in other manuscripts in Fourcy's library. The fact that Saint-Evremond's work belongs more to the realm of
384:" or fragments not deemed to be directly related to the project of the Apologie de la religion chrétienne were excluded from publication, "all of Pascal's papers considered by his family to be relics " and in any case, the copies made by Jean and Pierre Guerrier contain all of Pascal's papers found at the time of his death: notes concerning the
565:
we find in de
Lescure, who sees in the text a "short fragment whose autobiographical character bursts forth in each line, (...) a charming and painful masterpiece". He also recalls that Pascal would have had the plan to marry and found a family, as revealed by Marguerite PĂ©rier herself but the event of November 23, 1654 which gave rise to the
258:". For Cousin, there was no doubt that the twenty-page text was authentic: "From the first sentence, I felt Pascal, and my conviction grew as I went along. The evidence is abundant for anyone who has been in close contact with the Pensées". The hypothesis of the Discourses Pascalian origin quickly won the support of many well-known critics.
1622:
Nationale's collections. Some of the manuscripts in this collection belonged to Balthazar-Henry de Fourcy and bear his bookplate. According to Giraud (1907), it first belonged to the library of Abbé de Fourcy, then to that of Cardinal de Gesvres, then to the Abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Près, and finally to the Bibliothèque Nationale.
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and Pourquoi l'amour est peint les yeux bandés, nud et enfant. He is also said to have considered marrying Charlotte de Roannez However, it turns out that Lafuma has confused the Marquis d'Escoubleau with his father. Jean Mesnard, for his part, claims that Lafuma is "seriously wrong" in making this attribution.
1202:; according to Louis Lafuma, about ten sentences out of the seventy in the Discours may have been directly inspired by this edition and the text is much closer to it than to Pascal's original manuscripts. One of the most striking examples is the fragment "Por XXVI", actually written by one of the members of the
1407:. Jean Mesnard rejects this hypothesis: Méré did not have the Cartesian influences, nor the "warmth and ardour" present in the text, and it is unlikely, given the care he took with his works, that he would have left out manuscripts to the extent that some of them were not found until well after his death.
1731:
This also seems to be the case with Louis Lafuma, for whom Lanson's words that "the Discourse is not the work of a Jansenist, of a devotee... the author is a fine secular spirit, a worldly man, an epicurean" prove precisely that it cannot be Pascal, even though his worldly period is known, though not
1563:
in 1843 and the one discovered by Augustin Gazier in 1907: the spelling of manuscript G is more modern and "marks the end of the seventeenth century or the beginning of the next", while that of manuscript C, which is very particular, presents both contemporary and more modern spellings. In this case,
1195:
after 1660: several critics point out that the opposition between "those of the court" and "those of the city" only appears around this date, a few years after Pascal's social period. Others counter this argument by saying that Pascal may well have been the originator of this distinction between "the
983:
has the most similarities, did not appear until 1674, twelve years after Pascal's death. Book V of the Recherche in particular, devoted to the "passions of the soul", is even considered by Lafuma to be the main inspiration for the text, so striking are the similarities. He considers that the Discours
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In addition to a vocabulary and turns of phrase close to those of Pascal, many concepts already present in the Pensées are found in this Discourse, such as the geometrical spirit and the spirit of finesse, and even certain passages that are similar to the word in the two writings. Pascal's conception
731:
in her Life of M. Pascal. Maurice Deyras also refers to these Memoirs while remaining moderate: Pascal apparently stayed in Clermont during the winter of 1652-1653, and "would have shown himself to be very attentive to the precious young people of Clermont". Although Cousin and Fuzet are not the only
653:
states that "it is certainly childish to imagine that Pascal could have been in love with M lle de Roannez only because we do not have another name, and given the character of the letters that Pascal sent to her wrote to convert her, the conjecture becomes inappropriate as much as it is gratuitous" -
631:
and Jean-Pierre Gaxie in no way support that she could have been the inspiration for the Discourse, being precisely too far from Pascal by her social condition. in addition to being "very young and reserved for God or more considerable parties". This argument is brushed aside by de Lescure, who lists
582:
This vision of Pascal likely to have experienced profane love gives rise to another argument raised against the authenticity of the Discourse. Pascal's personality as perceived by his literary critics is incompatible with the silence kept on this question: "Pascal as we know him, if Pascal had loved,
564:
also accepts this vision of the writer just like Armand-Prosper Faugère, who deplores on the other hand the way in which Victor Cousin presents it and the fact that he questioned the identity of the person concerned by the Discours, a question too trivial for his taste. However, it is a question that
379:
Charles Adam, Gustave Michaut and Ernest Jovy put forward the argument of religious censorship to justify the fact that the text remained unknown for so long. Ernest Jovy points out, for example, that all Pascal's papers were subjected to examination and re-reading, and that it is possible that those
217:
Morality also has a place in the Discourse. The fact of having several partners, in particular, is discussed from various points of view. The capacity to love, i.e. the quality and power of feeling, is seen as dependent on the "greatness" of the soul. Hedonism, which could be seen as immoral, is seen
1558:
was a victim, provides an example of alleged documents written by the scientist and philosopher. According to Charles Henri-Boudhors, for example, it could be that the Discourse was deliberately written in the nineteenth century to imitate an older style. He points to the differences between the two
1309:
Among them is at least one woman, identified as "source H". She frequently uses the word "great" in several of its meanings: "in a great soul everything is great"; "a great and clear mind loves with ardour"; "great souls are not those who love most often". This person is also insinuating that, since
857:
contains words and turns of phrase that Pascal rarely, if ever, used: as Boudhors points out, it would be surprising if they all appeared in the same text. The title itself, as Lafuma points out, seems far removed from Pascal's usual turns of phrase by its lack of precision, to which Gustave Michaut
542:
indulgence towards the philosopher's worldly period also reinforces the idea that it could diminish the esteem in which people of letters have him. Augustin Gazier, for his part, mocks the romanticized vision of Pascal given by the critics and authors of what he calls the "Pascal novel". For him, if
527:
Title page of the work The Imperious Love of Blaise Pascal (1946), by Gabriel Langlois, which includes the Discours on the Passions of Love and a biography of Blaise Pascal. Langlois attributes the Discours to Pascal and assumes it was largely inspired by the philosopher's feelings towards Charlotte
439:
should even have given rise to a fairly large quantity of notes. Nor is the fact that the Discours is not an autograph manuscript by Pascal sufficient proof, since Pascal, who was ill, must have dictated some of his writings: the fact that the Discours was dictated would not prevent the existence of
281:
from the mid-nineteenth century onwards attests, researchers have to be content with making assumptions for want of concrete information. This vagueness about the origin of the text is all the more intriguing given that it is possible that copy C was made directly from the original manuscript, which
261:
The bookplate of Balthazar-Henri de Fourcy appears in the collection to which this manuscript, known as "copy C", belongs, which leads George Brunet to wonder about its origin. Could de Fourcy himself, or his librarian Pichet, have asked for a copy of the original manuscript of the Discourse? If so,
205:
is divided into 242 philosophical maxims focusing on the passions. While love, its birth and its evolution are the main themes, it also discusses ambition and the differences between social classes, as well as the customs to be observed in relations between men and women, and offers advice on how to
1337:
Source N", far from emphasizing reasoning and judgement, supports the role of nature and intuition, and even radically opposes art and culture on the one hand and nature and spontaneous feeling on the other: "Nature has imprinted this truth so well on our souls that we find it ready-made: no art or
1293:
from scattered notes by Pascal, is no more incoherent than those dealing with the misery of man or the relationship between justice and force, but Louis Lafuma points out that for the purposes of his argument, not only does Gustave Michaut assume without proof the existence of a bundle, but he goes
840:
using Pascal's own expressions. There is also evidence, in the correspondence of Brienne and Antoine Vallant, that they copied from their personal documents fragments, most of which do not appear in the Port-Royal edition and did not even appear until later, such as fragment Br.44 published in 1779
726:
Memoirs on the great days of Auvergne, in 1665, who could have frequented Pascal's circle. The author suggests that Pascal would have, like other eminent scholars, frequented "the finest and liveliest mind there is in the city (...) loved by all there was of beautiful spirits. Mr. Pascal (...), and
587:
attests, according to him, to too much reasoning and reflection, and to more interest in love than expression of this feeling that Pascal in is certainly the author, although he acknowledges in his Port-Royal that certain passages seem to have been written "from nature" and that Pascal may have had
578:
dedicates a poem to Blaise Pascal, the third stanza of which entitled "The Unknown" refers to the woman he would have loved. This does not entirely contradict Victor Giraud, for whom "the idea of a Pascal in love comes after the discovery of the Discours on the Passions of Love, comes from (...) of
532:
According to Victor Giraud, the publication of the text by Victor Cousin, accompanied by a very romanticized description of the philosopher, had a great influence on the way in which critics and the public represented Pascal: "I do not believe that before the publication, by Victor Cousin, here, of
485:
does in the commentary on his edition of the Discourse: "this is in no way scientific; it is entirely literary and therefore unintellectual". Victor Giraud also insists on the difficulty of being able to judge an author by reading him without knowing his identity and elements of his life: "you have
209:
Love is described both as a function of the mind and as a passion beyond comprehension, but also as an art form. As such, the tensions between taste and natural, instinctive dispositions, between culture and nature, are discussed; the formation of taste and its universal or subjective character are
1394:
seems to answer - a thesis which was not judged totally fanciful by Victor Giraud, who was initially sceptical about the authenticity of the text. According to Lafuma, Charles-Paul d'Escoubleau, Marquis d'Alluye et de Sourdis, was the author of two plays in the Vallant portfolio: Questions d'amour
1349:
Source E' is the one whose assertions have led some critics to recognise Blaise Pascal for his opposition between geometric spirit and spirit of finesse. Critics who do not believe in the authenticity of the Discourse think that these ideas were borrowed from Pascal, and in particular from chapter
1022:
seems to be a compilation of answers to questions of love, a game of gallant wit in vogue in salons and social circles, hence the disjointed appearance of the text. It was common practice in the seventeenth century to meet in salons and propose a theme or a portrait on which the participants would
466:
in the Discourse. Henri Jacoubet declares that the text is a reflection of "his movement, his pressing and imperious interrogations, his carelessness with repetitions, his conclusions with few words, peremptory and geometric". These statements show a certain subjectivity on the part of the authors
461:
first reaction, for example, was to proclaim that he "felt" Pascal: "Isn't that his ardent and haughty manner, so much spirit and so much passion, this speaking so fine and so big, this accent that I would recognize among a thousand?". Following this statement, other authors claim to recognize the
1778:
According to Augustin Gazier, Charlotte de Roannez's pilgrimage to Port-Royal in June 1656, to worship the Sainte-Épine associated with the cure of Marguerite Périer and to cure herself of a problem affecting her eyes, did not immediately encourage her to become a nun. He reports the testimony of
1333:
This source H would be a literate person, in whose remarks Brunet distinguishes references to Descartes, Pascal and Malebranche but criticizes their superficiality and judges that they are more interested in dazzling their audience than in philosophizing. However, as far as the text as a whole is
1305:
seems in fact to contain a section tracing the history of love, divided by Émile Faguet between the theory of entertainment and the theory of life divided into love and ambition, and one bringing together answers to questions about love in vogue in the literary salons. He analyses these different
596:
With fragile health made worse by his scientific activities, Pascal was advised to rest. What follows is a so-called mundane period extending from October 1651 until November 1654, during which Pascal frequented the Roannez, whom he met around 1635 when his father moved to Paris, and became their
1580:
seems to be the subject of less literature in the twentieth century than in the century following the successive discoveries of Victor Cousin and Augustin Gazier. The work of Louis Lafuma, followed by that of Jean Mesnard, convinced critics that the text was very unlikely to have been written by
1267:
influence is more obvious than Descartes', particularly when he speaks of passions "occasioned by the body", whereas Descartes said they were "caused". Similarly, the idea of the mind as a container, and the fact of speaking of "capacity", as in the maxim "the heart of man is so great that small
635:
De Lescure even supposes, like Prosper Faugère, that Pascal would have turned to religion to console himself for an impossible union with Charlotte de Roannez and affirms that the letters he sent to her were intended to distance her from the world. — and a possible union — by encouraging her to
363:
milieu, not among his countless readers, admirers or adversaries, in the seventeenth, eighteenth and first half of the nineteenth centuries, no one that we know of, absolutely no one, speaks of it, no one makes the slightest allusion to it". Carole Talon-Hugon confirms that "there is nothing in
301:
In 1907, Augustin Gazier came across a second version of the Discours and informed Victor Giraud, another critic and editor of Pascal. Apparently discovered around 1860 and catalogued in 1900, it dates from the eighteenth century. Unlike the manuscript discovered by Cousin, the latter makes no
1649:
Two catalogues of Fourcy's library have been examined: that of 1737, and that of 1754, the year of his death. The Discours is only mentioned in the first, with the note "attributed to M. Pascal" and a notice on the history of the constitution of the library of Fourcy père, which the son partly
665:
Victor Giraud does not accept "Pascal's novel" either: unlike Émile Faguet or Faugère, he affirms that Pascal was only able to meet Charlotte de Roannez around August 1656, and that his plan to enter Port-Royal initially had nothing to do with the influence of the philosopher – that it was his
187:
is a forgery seems to be the most widely accepted, although no other author can really be identified. Brunet, Boudhors and Henriot, for example, even imagine that the text could be the transcription of a discussion galante, a fashionable activity in the salons of the seventeenth and eighteenth
762:
was entirely in keeping with that of the scholar and, when critics argued that the literary quality of the text was inferior to anything Pascal could write, Jacoubet retorted that it could be one of his first writings, which inevitably contained errors and could not be in the same vein as the
1423:
of foreign passages". He proposed Louis-Henri de Loménie, comte de Brienne, as the likely author. Loménie, who was close to the Périers, was not only a member of the editorial committee of the Pensées in 1668, but also compiled the discarded fragments in a collection, which could explain the
799:
and certain passages in the original manuscript of the Pensées. The Port-Royal edition of the Pensées contains the sentence "Hence it is that men love so much the noise and tumult of the world", whereas the term "stirring up" is used in the Discourses. However, the original manuscript of the
1156:
and the various collections of "questions d'amour" produced in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, such as the repertory compiled by George Brunet containing questions, their answers and the works from which they are taken, these comparisons are sometimes criticized for being "vague".
1621:
This is in fact the Saint-Germain-Gesvres collection, originating from the library of Louis Potier, Cardinal de Gesvres, bequeathed to Saint-Germain-des-Prés in 1736 and incorporated in 1745. It remained a separate collection until 1865, even after it was incorporated into the Bibliothèque
188:
centuries. There are a number of factors that call into question the authenticity of the text, including the fact that it was written and influenced after Pascal's death, and the fact that there was no documentary evidence of the text before Victor Cousin discovered the first copy.
787:
is "written under the impact of a present passion" and is therefore really by Pascal. Mesnard points out that for these analyses to be relevant, it is still necessary to prove that the text of the Discours is closer to Pascal's autograph manuscripts than to the 1670 edition of the
551:
speak like a true master of the universe, Pascal was able, without being in love, to analyze with astonishing precision the various passions of love. Critics convinced that the Discours is by Pascal nevertheless perceive the text as a passionate testimony, even as a confession.
262:
how could they have been aware of a text that no one had mentioned before it was discovered by Cousin? Did they know the author? Brunet also notes that the copyist must have had links with de Fourcy insofar as another piece in the collection to which copy C belongs, a text by
753:
writes that "everywhere one recognizes hand, the geometrical spirit which never abandons him, his favorite expressions, his words of habit, his so true distinction between reasoning and feeling and a thousand other similar things which are to be found at every step in the
569:
diverted him from this track. The words of Cousin who describes Pascal as "young, handsome, full of languor and ardor, impetuous and thoughtful, superb and melancholic", a declaration mainly due to the imagination of its author, are part of this perception of Pascal. For
406:
105:
of the scholar. Faugère in particular assumed that Charlotte de Roannez, sister of Artus Gouffier and a close friend of Pascal, was the inspiration for the Discourse, a theory that did not win the support of all critics and quickly became known as "Pascal's novel".
639:
For his part, Ernest Havet does not affirm that Charlotte Gouffier could have inspired Discourse: "It is clear that a woman from the great world touched Pascal's heart (...). As for guessing who this woman was, that seems impossible, and something I will not try.
410:
Autograph manuscript of Pascal's Pensées (1656-1662) held by the Bibliothèque nationale de France. No preparatory notes for the Discours sur les passions de l'amour appear in the collection of Pascal's papers found at his death, which suggests that he was not the
1567:
Brunet, for his part, suggests that the owner of the original from which manuscript C was copied deliberately misled the copyist, or that the copyist himself added this attribution without proof for the attention of one of his owners, Balthazar-Henri de Fourcy.
285:
Whoever he was, the copyist to whom we owe manuscript C is very harshly judged by George Brunet: certain misunderstood words, either deliberately left out or badly copied and exchanged by others, lead him to say that he "made no effort to understand his model".
1506:
The path followed by the manuscript, which Mesnard has attempted to retrace, also leads back to Brienne: he may have been acquainted with some of the former owners of the manuscript discovered by Victor Cousin in 1843. Like him, Claude de Santeul stayed at the
914:
While one of the arguments in favor of the Discourse's authenticity is that the concepts invoked in the text can only lead back to Pascal, Ferdinando NĂ©ri points out that they are quite simply those of the century. A comparison is quickly made between the
358:
Victor Giraud, Charles-Henri Boudhors, George Brunet and Louis Lafuma point out that it is particularly strange that such a controversial text was not discovered until the nineteenth century. Indeed, "no one, not in Pascal's immediate circle, not in the
632:
the personalities having united despite class differences and considers Cousin's demonstration as weak with regard to Pascal's loved one, in particular because she is mainly seen from the angle of marriage, which de Lescure does not consider relevant.
497:
For Charles-Henri Boudhors, precise research is necessary in order to objectively determine whether or not the text is by Pascal without being limited to impressions alone. This is what, according to Boudhors and certain critics such as Victor Giraud,
305:
Shortly after the discovery of manuscript C, and even more so after the discovery of manuscript G, two camps clearly emerged. On the one hand were those who supported the authenticity of the Discourses, including Victor Cousin, Armand-Prosper Faugère,
1288:
and George Brunet to support this idea is the apparent lack of logic in the sequence of maxims, which has led to the hypothesis of a record of gallant conversations. To this Gustave Michaut replies that the text, which may have been reconstituted by
697:
reserves for him in his mansion. According to Victor Cousin, it was the fact of having pushed Charlotte towards religion and thus indirectly diverting her from her marriage plan which earned her this attempt, but Augustin Gazier explained in 1877 in
1115:
was a salon-going socialite, it is not surprising to find similarities between the Recueil des pièces galantes and the Discours, both in terms of content and form. The author may even have frequented Mme de Sablé's salon, where he met Pascal.
1768:
Certain formulations in the letters are seen as ambiguous, meaning that they do not refer solely to faith, such as "Il est bien assuré qu'on ne se détache jamais sans douleur", quoted by Jean-Piere Gaxie in the preface to his edition of the
1023:
discuss; these answers could then be collected in writing. An issue of l'Extraordinaire, the predecessor of the Mercure galant founded by Donneau de Visé, even gives the example of such a game with the instruction to take time to think: the
537:
on the Passions of Love, we have never seriously considered believing or saying that Pascal was in love. For Sainte-Beuve, for example, "it is too clear never placed his soul in a creature" and that he "only loved his Savior with passion".
218:
here as a natural disposition. What's more, love is seen as a human tendency that contributes to our elevation, or even a necessity. The Platonic myth of the androgyne, without being named, is used to explain the search for another partner.
1177:
on the text being one of the arguments put forward. However, researchers who have set out to find the author of the Discours have noted borrowings from texts written after the philosopher's death on 19 August 1662. The popularity of the
124:
The question of the Discourse's authenticity quickly divided the community of Blaise Pascal specialists, with some, such as Victor Giraud, changing their opinion as publications progressed. Both camps argued their case in the press: the
1345:
Source A", on the other hand, contrasts love and ambition and frequently uses oppositional adverbs such as "but", "nevertheless" and "however" within the same maxim. She seems to make corrections to her first statement as she develops.
831:
Moreover, according to Boudhors, the presence of terms that could really be attributed to Pascal, i.e. those closer to the autograph manuscripts than to the Port-Royal edition, is not surprising insofar as the committee that edited the
101:("It is attributed to M. Pascal") accompanying the text immediately aroused the interest of specialists and, at first, Victor Cousin, Prosper Faugère and Adolphe de Lescure affirmed its authenticity and recognized in it the writing and
1350:
XXXI of the Port-Royal edition entitled "Pensées diverses". In addition to Pascal, La Rochefoucauld, Donneau de Visé and La Bruyère are cited among his influences. Nevertheless, Brunet notes certain contradictions in the references to
666:
brother, Artus Gouffier, who encouraged Pascal to write him the letters in which he enjoins her to become a nun. He offers another reconstruction of Pascal's life: alone following the death of his father, the marriage of his sister
5197:"Histoire secrète de la recherche pascalienne au XXe siècle", dans North American Society for Seventeenth-Century French Literature, Actes du 33e congrès annuel de la North American Society for Seventeenth-Century French Literature
1550:, it has not been determined whether it was attributed to him not on the basis of an error, but of a genuine desire to fabricate a forgery. Pascal rapidly acquired great renown, and the swindle organised in the 1860s by the forger
364:
Pascal's work that resembles a treatise on the passions ". The Discours sur les passions de l'amour may nevertheless, in certain respects, be unfavourable to Jansenist doctrine, just as it may be favourable to its detractors- the
5743:Œuvres complètes: édition du tricentenaire. Avec tous les documents biographiques et critiques, les œuvres d'Étienne, de Gilberte et de Jacqueline Pascal, et celles de Marguerite Périer, la correspondance des Pascal et des Périer
1341:
Next comes "source P": for Brunet, this is probably a man who seems to back up his assertions with his own experience. He often refers to "joy" and "suffering", or "fullness" and "anxiety", contrasting them in the same maxim.
431:. Lafuma also asserts that "no notes written in view of the Discourse" are present in the fragments: there is not the slightest allusion to the text in the papers found at Pascal's death, whereas other writings, such as the
155:
itself was the subject of separate editions. Different ways of approaching the text lead to different conclusions, whether subjective literary appreciation or scientific method aimed at comparing Pascal's writings with the
1206:
publishing committee, which met after Pascal's death. Similarly, the changes made to the Pensées by the committee could even, according to Gustave Michaut, have been inspired by passages in the original manuscript of the
644:
thinks it unlikely that Pascal would have turned to a woman almost ten years his junior. Furthermore, Victor Giraud and Augustin Gazier in no way support that Pascal could have been in love with Charlotte de Roannez, and
555:
Indeed, if some Pascalians judge the text contrary to Pascal's personality or to the image they have of the scholar, others see no incompatibility between the religious Pascal and the worldly or loving Pascal. The
5422:
5442:
5265:
4872:
1511:
seminary, and the chancellor Louis Boucherat joined the de Loménie family through his marriage to Anne-Françoise de Loménie in 1655. Mesnard also links Brienne to Amelot de la Houssaye through their interests.
1354:, to such an extent that he suggests that the maxims he attaches to "source E" could have come from sources P and N, if some of the subjects it refers to had not already been dealt with by those same sources.
435:, for example, were the subject of numerous notes. From the autograph papers of Pascal that he was able to study, and on the basis of the quantity of drafts of various other texts, Lafuma asserts that the
620:, underlines the borrowing by the Port-Royal publishing committee of certain fragments of the Pensées, perhaps even all those from the file entitled "Miracles", to letters from Pascal to Miss de Roannez.
1301:
In addition to these different voices, Boudhors distinguishes two tones in the text: one rather didactic, and the other rather melancholic, which evokes for him a confidence or a confession. The
1111:". Around ten editions of the Recueil were published between 1663 and 1680, as jeu d'esprit was very much in vogue in the salons around 1660, and if, as Gustave Lanson asserts, the author of the
689:
that Faugère or Langlois imagine, it is clear that she was linked with him by faith: she would have asked that the letters received from Pascal be transmitted to Port-Royal. Her husband, the
4651:
Pensées et opuscules (5e édition revue) / Blaise Pascal ; publiés avec une introduction, des notices, des notes et deux fac-similés du manuscrit des Pensées, par M. Léon Brunschvicg,...
1668:
In his edition of Pascal's complete works, Jean Mesnard details all the manuscripts in the hand of copyist C that have been identified. He also lists the manuscripts copied on the same paper
1284:
is in fact the transcription of a worldly dialogue would justify the perception of several voices in the text. One of the characteristics of the text that has led other Pascalians such as
1564:
either the copyist made a mistake and could not resist writing the words according to the spelling in use in the nineteenth century, or he clumsily forged a seventeenth-century spelling.
1329:
could be the record of one of the gallant conversations in vogue in the salons of the seventeenth century, which would explain the contradictions and different "voices" found in the text.
1534:
The absence of any mention of Brienne in the text could be explained by the author's own wishes or by the fact that his papers were dispersed after his death and have not all survived.
812:: some expressions are in fact borrowed from the original manuscript of the Pensées and are not found in the Port-Royal edition. However, the similarities that Lanson finds between the
1149:
and manuscripts C and G, but also to restore their historical context. It contains a repertory of 'questions d'amour', with the questions, answers and works from which they are taken.
704:
that the reason for this assassination attempt lies rather in the fact of having contributed to distracting Artus Gouffier from his family's plan to have him marry Mlle de Menus.
597:
neighbor. In particular, he shared the company of Artus Gouffier, Duke of Roannez, whom he ended up directing towards religion. He is even offered a room in his private mansion.
4474:
612:
Pascal also became close to Artus Gouffier's sister, Charlotte de Roannez, to whom he also served as a spiritual guide, as evidenced by what remains of their correspondence.
5324:
4830:
Lettres, opuscules et mémoires de madame Périer et de Jacqueline, sœurs de Pascal, et de Marguerite Périer, sa nièce / publ. sur les manuscrits originaux par M. P. Faugère
109:
A second copy, discovered by Augustin Gazier in 1907, reignited the debate all the more because it contained no reference to Blaise Pascal. Ferdinando Neri's 1921 work
4863:
Mémoires de Fléchier sur les grands jours d'Auvergne, en 1665 / annotés et augmentés d'un appendice par M. Chéruel ; précédés d'une notice par M. Sainte-Beuve,...
1520:
5323:
Plazenet, Laurence; Ferreyrolles, Gérard; Cagnat-Debœuf, Constance; Josse-Volongo, Anne-Claire; Pouge-Bellais, Françoise; Thirouin, Laurent; Gheeraert, Tony (2022).
403:
to the point of concealing its existence, it is unlikely that they would have wanted to take extracts from it and distribute them to the public under Pascal's name.
5461:
5186:
1779:
Canon Godefroi Hermant, according to whom it was during her second pilgrimage, in August 1656, that Charlotte de Roannez expressed her intention to become a nun.
274:
leads Victor Giraud to assume that the copyist was a layman: a cleric would have had no interest in copying a text so far removed from his personal convictions.
126:
4806:
Amours d'hommes de lettres: Pascal, Corneille, Voltaire, Mirabeau, Chateaubriand, Lamartine, Guizot, Mérimée, Sainte-Beuve, George Sand et Musset / Émile Faguet
1035:
727:
another scholar were continually near this beautiful scholar." This allusion is also mentioned by Jacoubet, who of the "most innocent friendships" mentioned by
1047:
1387:
1051:
4569:
1419:
is undeniable: the borrowings are not mere clumsy paraphrases and the different sources are "assimilated intimately enough to create something other than a
1131:
523:
600:
543:
Pascal is indeed the author of the Discours, it should in no case be seen as a confession or proof of feelings but a simple intellectual exercise: "if
346:
and Gustave Michaut; on the other hand, those who claimed that the text was not by Pascal, i.e. Abbé Flottes, Augustin Gazier, Charles-Henri Boudhors,
1119:
746:
690:
506:
brilliantly achieved. The article written by Lanson in The French Quarterly is even described by Henri Peyre as "masterful" and "a model of method in
399:
was written by Blaise Pascal, some of its elements were taken from the 1670 edition of the Pensées. However, if the Jansenists had disapproved of the
1298:
may have been, like Pascal's papers in the Recueil Original, rearranged and pasted into another collection, again without putting forward any proof.
1055:
946:
173:
5866:
1722:
Jean Mesnard points out that "the enormous literature available on this subject is not of excellent quality" and that "impressionism dominates"!
31:
First page of the Discours sur les passions de l'amour discovered by Victor Cousin in 1843 (reference ms. f. fr. 19303), also known as "copy C".
1824:
Fortunat Strwoski supports the hypothesis that the Discourse is at most the record of one of these discussions, which Pascal may have attended.
1424:
similarity between some elements of the Discours and Pascal's original manuscripts. Other publishing work occupied him at the same time as the
1842:
As far back as 1920, Fortunat Strowski identified several authors in the text, including at least three different ones on the first page alone
858:
replies that the text could, as in the case of many writings found in Pascal's papers, have been modified and the title added a posteriori by
5846:
5801:
5579:
5294:
5237:
5205:
4514:
1524:
1226:
Certain expressions also suggest that the Discourse was written after 1662. The use of "l'on" rather than "on", which was discouraged by the
1487:", which is not found in Pascal3. He was also influenced by Descartes, La Rochefoucauld and Saint-Evremond, whom he admired, and frequented
1581:
Pascal 184,162. Michael Moriarty in 2006 and Thibault Barrier in 2022 point out that the attribution of the Discourse is still uncertain.
700:
239:
90:
1686:
Former call number "BnF nouv. Acq. fr. 4015", now "NAF 4015", the "copie G", named after the first letter of Augustin Gazier's surname.
808:
was able to consult it. Giraud goes further: for him, the Discours cannot have been inspired by the changes made by Port-Royal to the
5722:
4961:"Comptes-rendus: L'auteur présumé du Discours sur les passions de l'amour, Charles-Paul d'Escoubleau, marquis d'Alluye et de Sourdis"
1403:
The people Pascal surrounded himself with during his social period are sometimes cited as possible authors of the Discourse, such as
206:
make a love affair last. Most of the themes are developed using opposing arguments, so that the text takes the form of a discussion.
4911:
1321:
1027:
could be the result of a similar game, so much so that the answers seem to Brunet to have been worked out rather than spontaneous.
571:
327:
243:
1223:
cannot be Pascal's, since they are borrowed from fragments that were unpublished until discovered in 1728 by Bossuet and Faugère.
1495:
and that critics have attributed to Pascal is for him one of Loménie's characteristics. The fact that Henri de Loménie wrote the
5863:
1081:
1089:
1196:
court" and "the city". However, there are formulas in the Discours that can only have been taken from the 1670 edition of the
1138:: such conceptions are indeed the hallmark of this period and can be attributed to literary figures other than Blaise Pascal.
649:
is particularly harsh towards Faugère who, according to him, demonstrates "the most buffoonish naivety never met". Likewise,
372:, who was opposed to Pascal, says nothing on the subject, even though he blithely spread rumours about the marriage of Bishop
707:
Beyond the differences in social classes and the various interpretations made of the letters to Charlotte de Roannez and the
4995:
Pensées de Pascal publiées dans leur texte authentique avec un commentaire suivi et une étude littéraire par Ernest Havet...
1519:
was partly inspired by the intimate life of its author(s), several women in Brienne's life could have inspired such a text:
772:
395:, a resemblance which has led many critics to recognise Blaise Pascal in the text, it would have to be assumed that, if the
307:
93:. It consists of philosophical maxims mainly about love, with the themes of ambition and the passions mixed in. The phrase "
5571:
Discours sur les passions de l'amour (Bibliothèque de Lisieux d'après l'édition donnée à Paris en 1940 par Jacques Haumont)
5005:
Pensées de Pascal: publiées dans leur texte authentique avec une introduction, des notes et des remarques, par Ernest Havet
927:
works of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, several of which were not published until after Pascal's death in 1662.
226:
539:
323:
5774:
de Lespinasse, René; Lelong, Eugène; Dieudonné, Adolphe; Samaran, Charles; Marichal, Paul; Van Moé, Émile-Aurèle (1843).
5266:"Les pensées de Blaise Pascal: Texte revu sur le manuscrit autographe avec une préface et des notes par Auguste Molinier"
1268:
things float in its capacity", are among the undeniable borrowings from the Search for Truth, a work published in 1674.
795:
This is precisely what Victor Giraud attempts to do by recalling the similarities that Gustave Lanson noted between the
263:
963:
Portrait of the Duke François de La Rochefoucauld (1613-1680), one of the inspirers of the author of the Discourse, by
1741:
In his Études sur Pascal, he writes: "In the meantime, we love that he knew love in this purity, and that he knew it".
1488:
1444:
which in fact contained poems composed by Brienne himself. Furthermore, although Mesnard emphasises the fact that the
1072:
1065:, were discussed in the salon of the Marquise de Sablé, sometimes even by correspondence, before being published. The
5646:
L'auteur présumé du "Discours sur les passions de l'amour": Charles Paul d'Escoubleau, marquis d'Alluye et de Sourdis
4947:
1441:
5682:
1851:
In manuscript G, "NĂ©anmoins l'on va quelquefois bien au-dessus" becomes "NĂ©anmoins l'on ira quelquefois au-dessous".
975:. This would be one of the most convincing arguments for saying that the text was not written by Pascal, since the
575:
373:
319:
1277:
718:, either it is not Pascal, or it is not Charlotte de Roannez, Victor Cousin and Frédéric Fuzet question about a
486:
to know the true feelings of a soul to find them through his language; and, to have the right to affirm that the
454:
161:
1357:
Finally, there are still some maxims that Brunet is unable to link to any of the sources previously identified.
1010:
inspired by Mme de Scudéry's novel Clélie, historic romaine is also one of the influences noted by researchers.
964:
289:
869:
and that used by Pascal: in Pascal's work, the word "esprit" is used most often to designate what others call "
1528:
1228:
5606:
5248:
481:
Even recognized literary critics can admit that their recognition of Pascal's style is mainly subjective, as
5637:
Des pensées de Pascal: Rapport à l'Académie française sur la nécessité d'une nouvelle édition de cet ouvrage
1455:
1260:
1031:
391:
Moreover, as Lafuma and Michaut point out, in view of the striking resemblance with certain passages in the
5880:
1285:
1211:, to which some of the members may have had access. This would explain why at least three passages in the
674:
would have felt a "great void" and a "mystical drought" that he needed to fill, hence his marriage plan.
658:
uncles. The existence of this child is invalidated by Blaise Pascal's refusal in 1653 of a donation from
1290:
1247:
The Discourse also deals with a conception of "love-passion" after Pascal's death, unlike that found in
1203:
1043:
859:
659:
507:
133:
1499:
would also explain the contradictions that can be found in the text, which appear several times in his
1237:
928:
177:
4525:
959:
783:
in which Pascal's original conceptions are present, as well as what he considers to be proof that the
767:
of love as a function of the mind is also to be found, but Jean Mesnard likens this reasoning more to
5409:
5041:
4929:"Pascal a-t-il été amoureux? À propos d'un nouveau manuscrit du Discours sur les passions de l'amour"
1833:
Having several partners, sometimes presented as "natural", sometimes as "monstrous ", is one example.
1491:. Still on the subject of writing style, the "lively sensitivity" that Jean Mesnard perceives in the
1256:
1251:, where "love-passion", if it exists at all, is defeated by reason. This conception is also found in
1233:
998:
by de Callières fils (1688) could also have been a source of inspiration for the Discourse, as could
432:
246:, an in-quarto manuscript collection dated from the seventeenth century, the contents of which read "
5623:
4636:
681:
Portrait of Adolphe de Lescure, one of the critics who contributed to fleshing out "Pascal's novel".
4819:
1436:
1264:
940:
884:
650:
490:
on the Passions of Love is the work of a lover, one would also have to know that the author of the
343:
169:
160:
and literary productions of the seventeenth century. Thus, Georges Brunet, Charles-Henri Boudhors,
117:
is not authentic. Publications by Louis Lafuma, in particular the article with the explicit title "
5423:"Un château, une histoire d'amour. La mélancolique aventure de Blaise Pascal avec une aristocrate"
1759:
Victor Giraud, in an article published in 1907 in La Revue des deux mondes, puts the date at 1649.
1006:
by René Le Pays (1664), for the opposition between love and reason. Precious love as found in the
5180:
4980:
1592:
as "a tissue of historical untruths that do no credit to Pascal, and even less to Ouest-France".
1338:
study is needed". This same person seems to be responding to the first person quoted, source H.
1127:
728:
723:
667:
4893:
Les jansénistes du XVIIe siècle : Leur histoire et leur dernier historien, M. Sainte-Beuve
5853:
5724:
Mémoires de Fléchier sur les Grands-Jours tenus à Clermont en 1665, 1666. Publiés par B. Gonod
5702:
5290:
5233:
5201:
5061:
4972:
4850:
4716:
4545:
4510:
1551:
1431:
1248:
1123:
1077:
768:
671:
641:
347:
335:
165:
140:
5885:
5802:"Pascal Œuvres complètes Hachette, tome 2/Discours sur les passions de l'amour - Wikisource"
5694:
5580:"Pascal Œuvres complètes Hachette, tome 2/Discours sur les passions de l'amour - Wikisource"
5053:
4816:
Discours sur les passions de l'amour: attribué à Pascal, avec un commentaire de Emile Faguet
4728:
4537:
1042:
himself notes that the "subject seems more borrowed from the HĂ´tel de Rambouillet than from
719:
544:
420:
416:
315:
294:
146:
5130:
4661:"Encore quelques preuves que le "Discours sur les passions de l'amour" n'est pas de Pascal"
1404:
1383:
1174:
932:
561:
424:
331:
311:
5607:"Brunet (Georges). Un prétendu traité de Pascal. Le Discours sur les passions de l'amour"
5352:"Revue des deux mondes : recueil de la politique, de l'administration et des moeurs"
5249:"Brunet (Georges). Un prétendu traité de Pascal. Le Discours sur les passions de l'amour"
4240:
1448:
belongs to a genre little treated by Brienne, he points out that there are maxims in his
646:
482:
339:
4598:"Observations et recherches sur le "Discours des passions de l'amour" attribué à Pascal"
121:" (1949), further convinced a large part of the public that the text was not by Pascal.
26:
1555:
1420:
842:
776:
503:
1677:
For example, Brunet lists "constance" as "custom", "désagréable" as "d'agréable", etc.
1184:
is often invoked to explain the similarities between Pascal's texts and the Discours.
879:, Pascal uses the term "remuement" in the sense of external agitation, whereas in the
677:
5874:
5512:
5507:
5325:"Sexe, mensonges et Blaise Pascal : réponse à un article paru dans Ouest-France"
4578:
1560:
1547:
1375:
1170:
1039:
750:
686:
628:
613:
463:
458:
235:
96:
86:
40:
5342:Études sur les moralistes français: suivies de quelques réflexions sur divers sujets
1325:
The Marquise de Sablé, a woman of letters whose salon Blaise Pascal frequented. The
1585:
1103:
appears to be a response to these questions, or at least to very similar ones. The
865:
Researchers have also noted a certain confusion between the vocabulary used in the
745:
If declaring that an author can be recognized by his style seems to be a matter of
5653:
5531:
5490:
5479:
5102:
5083:
5022:
4804:
4766:
4649:
4597:
4485:
1750:
Henri Jacoubet " in this speech even more reasoning and desire to love than love".
1477:
Tant plus le chemin est long en amour, tant plus un esprit délicat sent de plaisir
1189:
C'est de là que ceux de la cour sont mieux reçus dans l'amour que ceux de la ville
836:
at Port-Royal was not bound to secrecy: someone could very well have written this
804:
also uses the term "remuement" instead of "tumulte", proof that the author of the
670:
to Florin PĂ©rier and the entry of his other sister, Jacqueline, into the convent,
250:" ("Discours on the passions of love, by M. Pascal"). The text itselfy is marked "
5390:
5370:
5340:
5227:
5216:
5195:
5143:
4993:
4928:
4891:
4861:
4839:
4767:"SĹ“ur Charlotte de la Passion: Mademoiselle de Roannez, Duchesse de la Feuillade"
4705:
4660:
4558:
4504:
1559:
copies of the text known in the nineteenth century: the manuscript discovered by
1240:'s Caractères, whose fifth edition, published in 1690, has similarities with the
5775:
5351:
5305:
4828:
4785:
4616:
1252:
898:" is only found in the Port-Royal edition and not in the autograph manuscripts.
605:
499:
4747:
4688:
4579:"Table Pascaline: Bibliothèque nationale de France, département des Manuscrits"
474:
is the fact that Cousin recognizes, in the first version of his article on the
4456:
1426:
1198:
1180:
1173:
social period, i.e. 1652-1653 or more broadly 1651-1654, the influence of the
952:
seem to have inspired the author(s) of the Discourse. For example, the maxim "
924:
920:
875:
755:
608:, rue du Cloître-Saint-Merri (Paris IV), where the Roannez mansion once stood.
574:, "Pascal in love did not stop being a Christian and a philosopher". The poet
392:
211:
102:
5706:
5065:
4976:
4549:
5857:
4732:
1134:, in which she expressed a vision of love-passion very close to that of the
618:
Report to the French Academy on the need for a new edition of Pascal's works
360:
271:
5698:
5441:
la Suze, Henriette de Coligny de la Suze; Pelisson-Fontanier, Paul (1664).
5229:
Les passions à l'âge classique. Tome II: Théories et critiques des passions
5153:
Malebranche, Nicolas; Simon, Jules (1842). "De la recherche de la vérité".
820:
are, for Lafuma, mainly superficial. He notes that the borrowings from the
714:
If everyone does not agree on the identity of the person who inspired the
5542:
5131:"Le véritable Auteur des " Questions d'amour " des portefeuilles Vallant"
5057:
4541:
1508:
1379:
1107:
also bears a strong resemblance to a section of the collection entitled "
1030:
According to Abbé Flottes, the text is similar to the productions of the
694:
548:
369:
254:". The library's catalogue of manuscripts also mentions, at entry 74, a "
5751:
5683:"Mme de Villedieu et le pseudo‑Pascal. Désordres et passions de l'amour"
5075:
Pascal inédit, t. II : Les derniers véritables sentiments de Pascal
4984:
4960:
824:
are generally limited to the first chapters, with the exception of the
655:
365:
5284:
1640:
The "C copy", named after the first letter of Victor Cousin's surname.
1390:, whose salon dealt with questions of love similar to those which the
971:
Nicolas Malebranche is one of the most identifiable influences on the
467:
affirming, just like Cousin, that they recognize Pascal in Discourse.
4628:
Un prétendu traité de Pascal: Le Discours sur les passions de l'amour
470:
Another indication of a desire to believe in the authenticity of the
5821:
5672:
Saulnier, Verdun L. (1947). "Discours sur les passions de l'amour".
4526:"L'admiration, antichambre des passions dans La Princesse de Clèves"
1374:
was not by Pascal but by Charles Paul d'Escoubleau, who frequented
242:, where he discovered what he believed to be the collection of the
5822:"provenance : Ex-libris imprimé de Balthazar-Henry de Fourcy"
5023:"Le Discours des Passions de l'Amour peut-il ĂŞtre rendu Ă Pascal?"
4568:
Bibliothèque du Patrimoine de Clermont Auvergne Métropole (n.d.).
1454:
1320:
1071:
958:
676:
599:
522:
405:
288:
225:
5860:
5391:"L'Ă©nigme de Pascal et du "Discours sur les passions de l'amour""
4560:
Histoire du dépot des archives des affaires étrangères, 1710-1796
1797:
Doctor to the Marquise de Sablé, who belonged to Pascal's circle.
16:
Discours sur les passions de l'amour discovered by Victor Cousin
4241:
Bibliothèque du Patrimoine de Clermont Auvergne Métropole (n.d.)
3503:
1475:" to designate a form or manner of, the archaic turn of phrase "
1244:
which suggest that the two texts were written at the same time.
1152:
Despite the various comparisons made by researchers between the
984:
resembles this work as much as the 1670 edition of the Pensées.
252:
Discours sur les passions de l'amour - on l'attribue Ă M. Pascal
4903:
Discours sur les passions de l'amour, coll. "La chose Ă penser"
1430:: it was he who supplied Nicolas-Joseph Poisson with a copy of
453:
Too much enthusiasm can be blamed on scholars convinced of the
5543:"Discours sur les passions de l'amour - Index - IntraText CT"
5218:
Pascal, Molière, Musset: essais de critique et de psychologie
5103:"Le Discours sur les passions de l'amour n'est pas de Pascal"
5286:
Fallen Nature, Fallen Selves: Early Modern French Thought II
5012:
Henriot, Émile (1933). "Courrier littéraire, XVIIe siècle".
1713:
This is a copy; the original manuscript has not been found.
293:
Balthazar-Henry de Fourcy, engraved by Pierre Drevet after
164:
and Louis Lafuma distinguish in the text the influences of
119:
Le Discours sur les passions de l'amour n'est pas de Pascal
3890:
1097:
Maximes d'amour ou questions en proses décidées en verses
883:, the same term evokes internal agitation, as thought by
230:
Portrait of Victor Cousin by Gustave Le Gray (1855-1860).
4948:"Pascal et le " Discours sur les passions de l'amour, ""
4717:"La femme Ă travers le Discours des Passions de l'amour"
1806:"If you want people to think well of you, don't say so".
1130:. From May 1773 to March 1776 she corresponded with the
5042:"Une "logique du cœur "? Max Scheler lecteur de Pascal"
4678:
Comte-Sponville, André (1997). "L'amour selon Pascal".
1860:
This hypothesis is supported by André Comte-Sponville.
1463:
Some expressions and turns of phrase are common to the
588:"an inclination" for a woman of a higher social class.
2956:
2954:
1434:'s Traité de mécanique, and a collection of poems by "
1294:
further by suggesting that fragments relating to this
1169:
authenticity, the text would have been written during
388:
would necessarily have appeared in these collections.
1459:
Louis-Henri de Loménie, Comte de Brienne (1635-1698).
1126:, also founded her own salon, where she welcomed the
2004:
2002:
943:
are considered to be the main inspires of the text.
5624:"Revue littéraire - De quelques Travaux sur Pascal"
4748:"Le Recueil des papiers originaux des Pensées (RO)"
4637:"Revue littéraire - De quelques Travaux sur Pascal"
1232:in the seventeenth century until around 1688, when
1145:is not only an attempt to trace the history of the
685:If Charlotte de Roannez did not have the link with
415:Moreover, none of Pascal's contemporaries, whether
256:
Discours sur les passions de l'amour, par M. Pascal
64:
54:
46:
36:
4841:Pensées fragments et lettres, publ. par P. Faugère
248:Discours sur les passions de l'amour, de M. Pascal
5562:Pascal, Œuvres complètes, vol. 4: Œuvres diverses
5410:"Examens du discours sur les passions de l'amour"
1612:Now known as the Bibliothèque nationale de France
1316:c'est parfois au jeu auquel les dames se plaisent
1161:A text probably written after Blaise Pascal death
894:" is also foreign to Pascal, and the expression "
5524:Editions of the Discours on the Passions of Love
5443:"Recueil de pièces galantes en prose et en vers"
3764:
1122:, a woman of letters and lady-in-waiting to the
4290:
2346:
2344:
2282:
2270:
1399:Antoine Gombaud, known as the chevalier de Méré
1219:than to the 1670 edition. Some passages in the
1093:Recueil des pièces galantes en prose et en vers
828:diverses, which is reproduced in its entirety.
741:Similarities with the writings of Blaise Pascal
5408:Sully-Prudhomme, René François Armand (1890).
5200:(in French). Tempe, Arizona State University.
1440:" published in 1671 with the collaboration of
1415:For Jean Mesnard, the literary quality of the
954:Ă€ force de parler d'amour, on devient amoureux
210:questioned in a section akin to a treatise on
113:is cited as the first to demonstrate that the
5639:. Paris: Librairie philosophique de Ladrange.
4506:Histoire de la littérature française au XVIIo
1215:are closer to the original manuscript of the
8:
4873:"Recueil de poésies chrétiennes et diverses"
2255:
1352:l'esprit de finesse and l'esprit géométrique
423:, Louis-Henri de Loménie de Brienne, or the
19:
5495:(3 ed.). Paris, Sandoz et Fischbacher.
4314:
2336:
1588:repeating this legend was described by the
1236:died, is a formulation frequently found in
5185:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
4374:
3267:
3255:
3243:
3231:
3219:
3207:
3156:
3144:
3129:
3117:
2983:
2960:
2945:
2933:
1584:In 2022, the publication of an article in
25:
18:
4577:Bibliothèque nationale de France (1643).
3012:
2240:
547:did not need to be Roman emperor to make
5721:Fléchier, Esprit; Gonod, Benoît (1844).
5382:Les pensées catholiques de Blaise Pascal
5339:Prévost-Paradol, Lucien Anatole (1865).
5166:(1 ed.). Paris: Desclée de Brouwer.
5135:Revue d'Histoire Littéraire de la France
4965:Revue d'Histoire littéraire de la France
4421:
4397:
4103:
4091:
4067:
3996:
3985:
3842:
3733:
3709:
3670:
3643:
3631:
3619:
3538:
3526:
3514:
3480:
3432:
3291:
3066:
3054:
2766:
2704:
2636:
2495:
2438:
2397:
2385:
2294:
2229:
2155:
1695:Gustave Michaut, quoted by Louis Lafuma.
662:, precisely because he had no children.
128:Revue d'histoire littéraire de la France
5611:Revue belge de Philologie et d'Histoire
5369:Sainte-Beuve, Charles Augustin (1848).
5253:Revue belge de Philologie et d'Histoire
4445:
4433:
4385:
4362:
4358:
4356:
4354:
4345:
4341:
4339:
4337:
4328:
4324:
4322:
4302:
4278:
4266:
4254:
4250:
4248:
4212:
4210:
4208:
3891:la Suze & Pelisson-Fontanier (1664)
3806:
3802:
3800:
3787:
3785:
3748:
3746:
3744:
3742:
3681:
3679:
3654:
3652:
3615:
3613:
3592:
3588:
3586:
3553:
3549:
3547:
3504:Bibliothèque nationale de France (1643)
3491:
3456:
3444:
3428:
3426:
3389:
3387:
3330:
3314:
3312:
3203:
3201:
3140:
3138:
3101:
3099:
3090:
3043:
3039:
3037:
3035:
3033:
2972:
2921:
2781:
2687:
2427:
2366:
2350:
2138:
2123:
2054:
2008:
1970:
1872:
1605:
1576:The question of the attribution of the
5741:Pascal, Blaise; Mesnard, Jean (1964).
5460:Tournemire, Pierfit-Guillaume (n.d.).
5178:
4998:(in French). Dezobry et E. Magdeleine.
4409:
4228:
4216:
4199:
4187:
4175:
4163:
4151:
4139:
4127:
4115:
4079:
4056:
4044:
4032:
4020:
4008:
3961:
3949:
3937:
3925:
3901:
3878:
3854:
3830:
3791:
3752:
3697:
3685:
3658:
3604:
3468:
3417:
3405:
3393:
3378:
3366:
3354:
3342:
3318:
3303:
3192:
3168:
3105:
3024:
3000:
2996:
2994:
2992:
2897:
2861:
2857:
2855:
2853:
2844:
2832:
2820:
2792:
2790:
2777:
2775:
2750:
2748:
2739:
2728:
2700:
2698:
2696:
2675:
2663:
2659:
2657:
2648:
2624:
2612:
2608:
2606:
2604:
2595:
2591:
2589:
2587:
2566:
2562:
2560:
2551:
2539:
2535:
2533:
2524:
2520:
2518:
2516:
2514:
2484:
2480:
2478:
2469:
2465:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2450:
2416:
2412:
2410:
2408:
2406:
2381:
2379:
2377:
2375:
2362:
2360:
2358:
2325:
2321:
2319:
2317:
2308:
2304:
2302:
2266:
2264:
2251:
2249:
2213:
2211:
2191:
2179:
2167:
2119:
2117:
2108:
2093:
2078:
2066:
2042:
2025:
1994:
1982:
1966:
1964:
1955:
1926:
1894:
1879:
1525:Christine-Wilhelmine de Hesse-Hombourg
1523:, Isabelle de Montmorency-Bouteville,
5306:"Pascal et la critique contemporaine"
3973:
3913:
3866:
3818:
3776:
3721:
3577:
3565:
3279:
3180:
3078:
2909:
2885:
2808:
2754:
2716:
2217:
2203:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2134:
2132:
2104:
2102:
2089:
2087:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2021:
2019:
2017:
1905:
20:Discours sur les passions de l'amour
7:
5847:Discours sur les passions de l'amour
5122:Discours sur les passions de l'amour
4691:Discours sur les passions de l'amour
2873:
2796:
2578:
2506:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1890:
1888:
1704:Ernest Jovy, quoted by Louis Lafuma.
1544:Discours sur les passions de l'amour
1296:Discours sur les passions de l'amour
1101:Discours sur les passions de l'amour
973:Discours sur les passions de l'amour
386:Discours sur les passions de l'amour
183:In the end, the hypothesis that the
89:in 1843 in a collection held by the
76:Discours sur les passions de l'amour
4680:Revue Internationale de Philosophie
1018:Far from being a uniform text, the
1004:Dialogue de l'amour et de la raison
736:Vocabulary, writing style and ideas
5756:, Paris: Hachette, pp. 50–114
5734:L'impérieux amour de Blaise Pascal
1191:", for example, tends to date the
1082:Musée d'art et d'histoire de Dreux
1069:may have followed the same route.
14:
4852:"Études sur Pascal" Revue du Midi
1503:and which he himself points out.
890:The use of the personal pronoun "
763:philosopher's later productions.
592:The inspiration for the Discourse
111:Un ritratto immaginario di Pascal
82:Discourse on the passions of love
5681:Thirouin, Laurent (2006-12-01).
5226:Moreau, Pierre-François (2015).
4838:Faugère, Armand-Prosper (1844).
4827:Faugère, Armand-Prosper (1845).
4659:Busnelli, Manlio Duilio (1934).
4630:. Paris: Les Éditions de Minuit.
4596:Boudhors, Charles-Henri (1933).
910:Philosophical and literary works
701:La Revue politique et littéraire
203:Discours on the Passions of Love
180:in addition to those of Pascal.
91:Bibliothèque nationale de France
1370:Louis Lafuma asserted that the
1280:, Boudhors and Brunet that the
1090:Henriette de Coligny de la Suze
244:abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés
5622:Brunetière, Ferdinand (1885).
5221:(in French). Éditions Alsatia.
5148:(in French). Le Correspondant.
4654:(5 ed.). Paris: Hachette.
4635:Brunetière, Ferdinand (1885).
3765:Malebranche, Simon & (1842
1590:Société des amis de Port-Royal
1312:il n'y a que nous d'estimables
994:In literature, novels such as
939:has even been attributed, and
572:Lucien-Anatole Prévost-Paradol
1:
5599:Publications on the Discourse
5481:Pascal: son temps et le nĂ´tre
4871:La Fontaine, Jean de (1671).
1515:Moreover, whether or not the
1165:For critics convinced of the
268:Lettre sur la dévotion feinte
5745:. Paris: Desclée de Brouwer.
5569:Pascal, Blaise (1652–1653).
5564:. Paris: Desclée de Brouwer.
5530:Pascal, Blaise (1701–1800).
5142:de Lescure, Adolphe (1881).
4746:Descotes, Dominique (n.d.).
4693:, fragment inédit de Pascal"
1143:Un prétendu traité de Pascal
989:Traité des passions de l'âme
779:, lists the passages in the
444:Enthusiasm of the pascaliens
5469:Tourneur, Zacharie (1943).
5462:"Anne-Françoise de Loménie"
5421:Surcouf, Françoise (2022).
5389:Strowski, Fortunat (1920).
5289:. Oxford University Press.
5171:Mesnard, Jean, ed. (1992).
4901:Gaxie, Jean-Pierre (2008).
4509:(in French). Albin Michel.
4486:"Pascal et Mlle de Roannez"
1815:quoted by Jacoubet, 1938.
1631:Reference ms. f. fr. 19303.
1489:Marin Le Roy de Gomberville
623:In view of the tone of the
5902:
5768:About Charlotte de Roannez
5732:Langlois, Gabriel (1946).
5533:Mélanges sur la Grâce, etc
5471:Une vie avec Blaise Pascal
5283:Moriarty, Michael (2006).
5264:Molinier, Auguste (1879).
5014:La Nouvelle revue critique
4715:Cuénin, Micheline (1985).
4648:Brunschvicg, LĂ©on (1909).
4524:Barrier, Thibault (2022).
4473:Ackermann, Louise (1885).
1531:, favourite of Louis XIV.
1479:" or the use of the word "
1061:, the inspiration for the
1034:, a literary salon run by
979:, the work with which the
576:Louise-Victorine Ackermann
519:Blaise Pascal's perception
518:
5753:La Vie de Monsieur Pascal
5750:Perier, Gilberte (1923),
5489:Vinet, Alexandre (1876).
5380:Souriau, Maurice (1935).
5350:Ravaisson, FĂ©lix (1887).
5215:Michaut, Gustave (1942).
5145:Pascal et Mlle de Roannez
5082:Labitte, Charles (1846).
4910:Gazier, Augustin (1877),
4860:Fléchier, Esprit (1856).
1450:Nouveaux essais de morale
1366:Charles-Paul d'Escoubleau
1054:are also likely sources:
1002:by Honoré d'Urfé and the
449:Lack of scientific rigour
277:As the literature on the
24:
5605:Mortier, Roland (1962).
5492:Etudes sur Blaise Pascal
5375:(in French). E. Renduel.
5247:Mortier, Roland (1962).
5173:Pascal. Œuvres complètes
5040:Josset, Sylvain (2021).
5021:Jacoubet, Henri (1938).
4905:. Nantes: CĂ©cile Defaut.
4890:Fuzet, Frédéric (1876).
4765:Deyras, Maurice (1959).
4615:Boutroux, Émile (1939).
4557:Baschet, Armand (1875).
4479:(in French). A. Lemerre.
1365:
1078:François-Hippolyte Debon
579:this very discovery"...
462:writing and thinking of
238:research led him to the
5736:. Paris: René Debresse.
5687:Littératures classiques
5635:Cousin, Victor (1843).
5578:Pascal, Blaise (1871).
5541:Pascal, Blaise (2007).
5478:Truc, Gonzague (1949).
5232:(in French). Humensis.
4959:Giraud, Victor (1951).
4946:Giraud, Victor (1920).
4927:Giraud, Victor (1907).
4855:(in French). Chez Gras.
4733:10.3406/licla.1985.1046
4721:Littératures classiques
4704:Cousin, Victor (1876).
4687:Cousin, Victor (1843).
4626:Brunet, George (1959).
1538:Hypothesis of deception
374:Jacques-BĂ©nigne Bossuet
5699:10.3917/licla.061.0235
5644:Lafuma, Louis (1950).
5560:Mesnard, Jean (1992).
5345:(in French). Hachette.
5194:Mesnard, Jean (2011).
5162:Mesnard, Jean (1965).
5129:Lafuma, Louis (1962).
5120:Lafuma, Louis (1950).
5101:Lafuma, Louis (1949).
5007:. Paris: C. Delagrave.
5003:Havet, Ernest (1866).
4992:Havet, Ernest (1852).
4849:Flottes, Abbé (1845).
4814:Faguet, Émile (1911).
4803:Faguet, Émile (1907).
4784:Faguet, Émile (1904).
4752:www.penseesdepascal.fr
4570:"Charlotte de Roannez"
4503:Adam, Antoine (1997).
4484:Adam, Charles (1891).
4476:Ĺ’uvres de L. Ackermann
4457:Plazenet et al. (2022)
1471:, such as the use of "
1460:
1411:Louis-Henri de Loménie
1330:
1085:
1076:HĂ´tel de Rambouillet,
977:Recherche de la Vérité
968:
682:
609:
529:
412:
298:
231:
5628:Revue des Deux Mondes
5414:Revue des Deux Mondes
5304:Peyre, Henri (1930).
5175:. Vol. 4. Paris.
5164:Pascal et les Roannez
5073:Jovy, Ernest (1908).
4952:Revue des Deux Mondes
4641:Revue des Deux Mondes
4291:Comte-Sponville (1997
2283:Sully-Prudhomme (1890
2271:Prévost-Paradol (1865
1529:Louise de La Vallière
1458:
1405:the Chevalier de Méré
1324:
1075:
962:
933:the Chevalier de Méré
873:". Similarly, in the
680:
606:church of Saint-Merri
603:
526:
513:
502:, or Henri Jacoubet,
409:
292:
229:
134:Revue des deux mondes
5084:"Études littéraires"
5058:10.3917/dss.211.0009
4710:(in French). Didier.
4542:10.3917/dss.221.0051
1929:, pp. 991–1007)
1596:Notes and references
1046:". The salon of the
1036:Catherine de Vivonne
1032:HĂ´tel de Rambouillet
691:Duke of La Feuillade
494:was truly in love.
85:) was discovered by
5715:About Blaise Pascal
5046:Dix-septième siècle
4530:Dix-septième siècle
4424:, pp. 288–304)
4231:, pp. 489–491)
4219:, pp. 353–362)
3928:, pp. 203–228)
3904:, pp. 126–128)
3767:, pp. 373–455)
3222:, pp. 194–212)
3159:, pp. 619–641)
3108:, pp. 510–524)
3015:, pp. 145–148)
2900:, pp. 794–825)
2876:, pp. 517–578)
2757:, pp. 325–341)
2542:, pp. 489–491)
2527:, pp. 599–607)
2472:, pp. 113–129)
2441:, pp. 510–517)
2400:, pp. 602–613)
2369:, pp. 312–328)
2311:, pp. 577–608)
2285:, pp. 318–336)
2243:, pp. 299–327)
2220:, pp. 144–149)
1958:, pp. 794–827)
1572:Contemporary period
1467:de Brienne and the
1257:Madame de Lafayette
1124:Marquise du Deffand
1120:Julie de Lespinasse
1109:L'amour raisonnable
1048:Marquise de Lambert
1038:from 1620 to 1660.
965:Théodore Chassériau
941:Nicolas Malebranche
849:Notable differences
419:, Antoine Vallant,
382:pensées retranchées
354:A text long unknown
240:Bibliothèque royale
95:On l'attribue Ă M.
21:
4913:Le roman de Pascal
4809:. La Revue latine.
4583:expositions.bnf.fr
4563:(in French). Plon.
4315:La Fontaine (1671)
2337:Brunschvicg (1909)
2256:Sainte-Beuve (1848
1461:
1331:
1276:The hypothesis of
1099:", shows that the
1095:, which contains "
1088:An examination of
1086:
996:Logique des amants
969:
929:Jean de La Bruyère
902:Influences of the
683:
610:
530:
457:of the Discourse.
413:
299:
232:
5854:Authority control
5806:fr.wikisource.org
5776:"Mlle de Roannez"
5584:fr.wikisource.org
5547:www.intratext.com
5473:. Paris: J. Vrin.
5296:978-0-19-171059-9
5239:978-2-13-073900-5
5207:978-3-8233-5555-7
4786:"Pascal amoureux"
4707:Études sur Pascal
4516:978-2-226-19886-0
4436:, pp. 51–68)
4375:Tournemire (n.d.)
4365:, pp. 1648.)
4202:, pp. 28–30)
4166:, pp. 25–26)
4142:, pp. 24–25)
4094:, pp. 13–14)
4082:, pp. 20–30)
4047:, pp. 14–17)
4023:, pp. 13–21)
3976:, pp. 39–40)
3916:, pp. 39–47)
3779:, pp. 34–37)
1659:The ms. fr. 19306
1552:Denis Vrain-Lucas
1442:Arnauld d'Andilly
1378:circle, i.e. the
1175:Chevalier de Méré
425:Chevalier de Méré
348:Fortunat Strowski
141:Mercure de France
72:
71:
65:Publication place
5893:
5836:
5834:
5833:
5816:
5814:
5813:
5789:
5787:
5786:
5763:
5762:
5761:
5746:
5737:
5728:
5710:
5677:
5668:
5666:
5665:
5654:"Mercure galant"
5649:
5648:. Paris: Delmas.
5640:
5631:
5618:
5594:
5592:
5591:
5574:
5565:
5556:
5554:
5553:
5537:
5496:
5485:
5474:
5465:
5456:
5454:
5453:
5437:
5435:
5434:
5417:
5404:
5402:
5401:
5385:
5376:
5365:
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5335:
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5332:
5319:
5317:
5316:
5300:
5279:
5277:
5276:
5260:
5243:
5222:
5211:
5190:
5184:
5176:
5167:
5158:
5149:
5138:
5125:
5124:. Paris: Delmas.
5116:
5114:
5113:
5097:
5095:
5094:
5078:
5069:
5036:
5034:
5033:
5017:
5008:
4999:
4988:
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4942:
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4796:
4780:
4778:
4777:
4761:
4759:
4758:
4742:
4740:
4739:
4711:
4700:
4697:PĂ©riode initiale
4683:
4674:
4672:
4671:
4655:
4644:
4631:
4622:
4611:
4609:
4608:
4592:
4590:
4589:
4573:
4564:
4553:
4520:
4499:
4497:
4496:
4480:
4459:
4454:
4448:
4443:
4437:
4431:
4425:
4419:
4413:
4412:, pp. 9–26)
4407:
4401:
4395:
4389:
4383:
4377:
4372:
4366:
4360:
4349:
4343:
4332:
4326:
4317:
4312:
4306:
4300:
4294:
4288:
4282:
4276:
4270:
4264:
4258:
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4243:
4238:
4232:
4226:
4220:
4214:
4203:
4197:
4191:
4185:
4179:
4173:
4167:
4161:
4155:
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4143:
4137:
4131:
4125:
4119:
4113:
4107:
4101:
4095:
4089:
4083:
4077:
4071:
4065:
4059:
4054:
4048:
4042:
4036:
4030:
4024:
4018:
4012:
4006:
4000:
3994:
3988:
3983:
3977:
3971:
3965:
3959:
3953:
3947:
3941:
3935:
3929:
3923:
3917:
3911:
3905:
3899:
3893:
3888:
3882:
3876:
3870:
3864:
3858:
3852:
3846:
3840:
3834:
3828:
3822:
3816:
3810:
3804:
3795:
3789:
3780:
3774:
3768:
3762:
3756:
3750:
3737:
3731:
3725:
3719:
3713:
3707:
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3656:
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3596:
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3581:
3575:
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3563:
3557:
3551:
3542:
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3512:
3506:
3501:
3495:
3489:
3483:
3478:
3472:
3466:
3460:
3454:
3448:
3442:
3436:
3430:
3421:
3415:
3409:
3408:, pp. 1–11)
3403:
3397:
3391:
3382:
3376:
3370:
3364:
3358:
3352:
3346:
3340:
3334:
3328:
3322:
3316:
3307:
3301:
3295:
3289:
3283:
3277:
3271:
3268:de Lescure (1881
3265:
3259:
3256:de Lescure (1881
3253:
3247:
3244:de Lescure (1881
3241:
3235:
3232:de Lescure (1881
3229:
3223:
3220:Brunetière (1885
3217:
3211:
3208:de Lescure (1881
3205:
3196:
3190:
3184:
3178:
3172:
3166:
3160:
3157:de Lescure (1881
3154:
3148:
3145:de Lescure (1881
3142:
3133:
3130:de Lescure (1881
3127:
3121:
3118:de Lescure (1881
3115:
3109:
3103:
3094:
3088:
3082:
3076:
3070:
3064:
3058:
3052:
3046:
3041:
3028:
3022:
3016:
3010:
3004:
2998:
2987:
2984:de Lescure (1881
2981:
2975:
2970:
2964:
2961:de Lescure (1881
2958:
2949:
2946:de Lescure (1881
2943:
2937:
2934:de Lescure (1881
2931:
2925:
2919:
2913:
2907:
2901:
2895:
2889:
2883:
2877:
2871:
2865:
2859:
2848:
2847:, pp. 1–11)
2842:
2836:
2830:
2824:
2818:
2812:
2806:
2800:
2794:
2785:
2779:
2770:
2764:
2758:
2752:
2743:
2737:
2731:
2726:
2720:
2714:
2708:
2707:, pp. 1–22)
2702:
2691:
2685:
2679:
2673:
2667:
2661:
2652:
2646:
2640:
2634:
2628:
2622:
2616:
2610:
2599:
2593:
2582:
2576:
2570:
2564:
2555:
2549:
2543:
2537:
2528:
2522:
2509:
2504:
2498:
2493:
2487:
2482:
2473:
2467:
2454:
2448:
2442:
2436:
2430:
2425:
2419:
2414:
2401:
2395:
2389:
2388:, pp. 1–16)
2383:
2370:
2364:
2353:
2348:
2339:
2334:
2328:
2323:
2312:
2306:
2297:
2292:
2286:
2280:
2274:
2268:
2259:
2253:
2244:
2238:
2232:
2227:
2221:
2215:
2206:
2201:
2195:
2189:
2183:
2177:
2171:
2165:
2159:
2153:
2142:
2136:
2127:
2121:
2112:
2106:
2097:
2091:
2082:
2076:
2070:
2064:
2058:
2052:
2046:
2040:
2029:
2023:
2012:
2006:
1997:
1992:
1986:
1980:
1974:
1968:
1959:
1953:
1930:
1924:
1909:
1903:
1897:
1892:
1883:
1877:
1861:
1858:
1852:
1849:
1843:
1840:
1834:
1831:
1825:
1822:
1816:
1813:
1807:
1804:
1798:
1795:
1789:
1786:
1780:
1776:
1770:
1766:
1760:
1757:
1751:
1748:
1742:
1739:
1733:
1729:
1723:
1720:
1714:
1711:
1705:
1702:
1696:
1693:
1687:
1684:
1678:
1675:
1669:
1666:
1660:
1657:
1651:
1647:
1641:
1638:
1632:
1629:
1623:
1619:
1613:
1610:
1521:Mme Deshoulières
1361:Possible authors
1272:Several authors?
1141:George Brunet's
1132:Comte de Guibert
1056:La Rochefoucauld
947:La Rochefoucauld
919:and several key
651:LĂ©on Brunschvicg
508:literary history
417:Valentin Conrart
344:LĂ©on Brunschwicg
316:Auguste Molinier
295:Hyacinthe Rigaud
174:La Rochefoucauld
56:Publication date
29:
22:
5901:
5900:
5896:
5895:
5894:
5892:
5891:
5890:
5871:
5870:
5849:, on Wikisource
5843:
5831:
5829:
5820:Bibale (n.d.).
5819:
5811:
5809:
5800:Pascal (1913).
5799:
5796:
5784:
5782:
5773:
5770:
5759:
5757:
5749:
5740:
5731:
5720:
5717:
5680:
5671:
5663:
5661:
5652:
5643:
5634:
5621:
5604:
5601:
5589:
5587:
5577:
5568:
5559:
5551:
5549:
5540:
5529:
5526:
5521:
5519:Further reading
5504:
5499:
5488:
5477:
5468:
5459:
5451:
5449:
5440:
5432:
5430:
5427:Ouest-France.fr
5420:
5407:
5399:
5397:
5388:
5379:
5368:
5360:
5358:
5349:
5338:
5330:
5328:
5322:
5314:
5312:
5303:
5297:
5282:
5274:
5272:
5263:
5246:
5240:
5225:
5214:
5208:
5193:
5177:
5170:
5161:
5152:
5141:
5128:
5119:
5111:
5109:
5100:
5092:
5090:
5081:
5072:
5039:
5031:
5029:
5020:
5011:
5002:
4991:
4958:
4945:
4937:
4935:
4926:
4919:
4917:
4909:
4900:
4889:
4881:
4879:
4870:
4859:
4848:
4837:
4826:
4813:
4802:
4794:
4792:
4783:
4775:
4773:
4764:
4756:
4754:
4745:
4737:
4735:
4714:
4703:
4686:
4677:
4669:
4667:
4658:
4647:
4634:
4625:
4614:
4606:
4604:
4595:
4587:
4585:
4576:
4567:
4556:
4523:
4517:
4502:
4494:
4492:
4483:
4472:
4468:
4466:Inline Citation
4463:
4462:
4455:
4451:
4444:
4440:
4432:
4428:
4420:
4416:
4408:
4404:
4396:
4392:
4388:, p. 1644)
4384:
4380:
4373:
4369:
4361:
4352:
4348:, p. 1650)
4344:
4335:
4331:, p. 1642)
4327:
4320:
4313:
4309:
4305:, p. 1641)
4301:
4297:
4289:
4285:
4281:, p. 1639)
4277:
4273:
4265:
4261:
4257:, p. 1640)
4253:
4246:
4239:
4235:
4227:
4223:
4215:
4206:
4198:
4194:
4186:
4182:
4174:
4170:
4162:
4158:
4150:
4146:
4138:
4134:
4126:
4122:
4114:
4110:
4102:
4098:
4090:
4086:
4078:
4074:
4066:
4062:
4055:
4051:
4043:
4039:
4031:
4027:
4019:
4015:
4007:
4003:
3995:
3991:
3986:Descotes (n.d.)
3984:
3980:
3972:
3968:
3960:
3956:
3948:
3944:
3936:
3932:
3924:
3920:
3912:
3908:
3900:
3896:
3889:
3885:
3877:
3873:
3865:
3861:
3853:
3849:
3841:
3837:
3829:
3825:
3817:
3813:
3809:, p. 1637)
3805:
3798:
3790:
3783:
3775:
3771:
3763:
3759:
3751:
3740:
3732:
3728:
3720:
3716:
3708:
3704:
3696:
3692:
3684:
3677:
3669:
3665:
3657:
3650:
3642:
3638:
3630:
3626:
3618:
3611:
3603:
3599:
3595:, p. 1636)
3591:
3584:
3576:
3572:
3564:
3560:
3556:, p. 1638)
3552:
3545:
3537:
3533:
3525:
3521:
3513:
3509:
3502:
3498:
3490:
3486:
3481:Fléchier (1856)
3479:
3475:
3467:
3463:
3455:
3451:
3443:
3439:
3431:
3424:
3416:
3412:
3404:
3400:
3392:
3385:
3377:
3373:
3365:
3361:
3353:
3349:
3341:
3337:
3329:
3325:
3317:
3310:
3302:
3298:
3290:
3286:
3278:
3274:
3266:
3262:
3254:
3250:
3242:
3238:
3230:
3226:
3218:
3214:
3206:
3199:
3191:
3187:
3179:
3175:
3167:
3163:
3155:
3151:
3143:
3136:
3128:
3124:
3116:
3112:
3104:
3097:
3089:
3085:
3077:
3073:
3065:
3061:
3053:
3049:
3042:
3031:
3023:
3019:
3013:Ackermann (1885
3011:
3007:
2999:
2990:
2982:
2978:
2971:
2967:
2959:
2952:
2944:
2940:
2932:
2928:
2920:
2916:
2908:
2904:
2896:
2892:
2884:
2880:
2872:
2868:
2860:
2851:
2843:
2839:
2831:
2827:
2819:
2815:
2807:
2803:
2795:
2788:
2780:
2773:
2765:
2761:
2753:
2746:
2738:
2734:
2727:
2723:
2715:
2711:
2703:
2694:
2690:, p. 1628)
2686:
2682:
2674:
2670:
2662:
2655:
2647:
2643:
2635:
2631:
2623:
2619:
2611:
2602:
2594:
2585:
2577:
2573:
2565:
2558:
2550:
2546:
2538:
2531:
2523:
2512:
2505:
2501:
2496:Tourneur (1943)
2494:
2490:
2483:
2476:
2468:
2457:
2449:
2445:
2437:
2433:
2426:
2422:
2415:
2404:
2396:
2392:
2384:
2373:
2365:
2356:
2349:
2342:
2335:
2331:
2324:
2315:
2307:
2300:
2295:Boutroux (1939)
2293:
2289:
2281:
2277:
2269:
2262:
2254:
2247:
2241:Ravaisson (1887
2239:
2235:
2230:Molinier (1879)
2228:
2224:
2216:
2209:
2202:
2198:
2190:
2186:
2178:
2174:
2166:
2162:
2154:
2145:
2141:, p. 1651)
2137:
2130:
2126:, p. 1635)
2122:
2115:
2107:
2100:
2092:
2085:
2077:
2073:
2065:
2061:
2057:, p. 1634)
2053:
2049:
2041:
2032:
2024:
2015:
2011:, p. 1629)
2007:
2000:
1993:
1989:
1981:
1977:
1969:
1962:
1954:
1933:
1925:
1912:
1904:
1900:
1893:
1886:
1878:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1855:
1850:
1846:
1841:
1837:
1832:
1828:
1823:
1819:
1814:
1810:
1805:
1801:
1796:
1792:
1787:
1783:
1777:
1773:
1767:
1763:
1758:
1754:
1749:
1745:
1740:
1736:
1730:
1726:
1721:
1717:
1712:
1708:
1703:
1699:
1694:
1690:
1685:
1681:
1676:
1672:
1667:
1663:
1658:
1654:
1648:
1644:
1639:
1635:
1630:
1626:
1620:
1616:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1598:
1574:
1540:
1413:
1401:
1388:Madame de Sablé
1376:Blaise Pascal's
1368:
1363:
1274:
1163:
1128:Encyclopaedists
1016:
1008:Carte du tendre
912:
907:
851:
743:
738:
729:Gilberte PĂ©rier
594:
562:Alexandre Vinet
521:
516:
451:
446:
356:
332:Sully-Prudhomme
328:Prévost-Paradol
320:FĂ©lix Ravaisson
312:Alexandre Vinet
224:
199:
194:
57:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5899:
5897:
5889:
5888:
5883:
5873:
5872:
5851:
5850:
5842:
5841:External links
5839:
5838:
5837:
5817:
5795:
5792:
5791:
5790:
5769:
5766:
5765:
5764:
5747:
5738:
5729:
5716:
5713:
5712:
5711:
5693:(3): 235–258.
5678:
5669:
5650:
5641:
5632:
5619:
5600:
5597:
5596:
5595:
5575:
5566:
5557:
5538:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5517:
5516:
5515:
5510:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5497:
5486:
5475:
5466:
5457:
5447:gallica.bnf.fr
5438:
5418:
5405:
5386:
5384:. Paris: Spès.
5377:
5366:
5347:
5336:
5320:
5301:
5295:
5280:
5270:gallica.bnf.fr
5261:
5244:
5238:
5223:
5212:
5206:
5191:
5168:
5159:
5150:
5139:
5126:
5117:
5098:
5079:
5070:
5037:
5018:
5009:
5000:
4989:
4971:(4): 489–491.
4956:
4943:
4924:
4907:
4898:
4887:
4877:gallica.bnf.fr
4868:
4857:
4846:
4835:
4824:
4811:
4800:
4781:
4762:
4743:
4712:
4701:
4684:
4675:
4656:
4645:
4632:
4623:
4612:
4593:
4574:
4565:
4554:
4521:
4515:
4500:
4481:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4461:
4460:
4449:
4446:Surcouf (2022)
4438:
4426:
4422:Moriarty (2006
4414:
4402:
4398:Boudhors (1933
4390:
4378:
4367:
4350:
4333:
4318:
4307:
4295:
4293:, p. 131)
4283:
4271:
4259:
4244:
4233:
4221:
4204:
4192:
4180:
4168:
4156:
4144:
4132:
4120:
4108:
4104:Boudhors (1933
4096:
4092:Boudhors (1933
4084:
4072:
4070:, p. 613)
4068:Strowski (1920
4060:
4049:
4037:
4035:, p. 588)
4025:
4013:
4011:, p. 581)
4001:
3997:Boudhors (1933
3989:
3978:
3966:
3954:
3952:, p. 124)
3942:
3940:, p. 806)
3930:
3918:
3906:
3894:
3883:
3871:
3859:
3847:
3845:, p. 614)
3843:Strowski (1920
3835:
3823:
3811:
3796:
3794:, p. 128)
3781:
3769:
3757:
3755:, p. 126)
3738:
3736:, p. 361)
3734:Boudhors (1933
3726:
3714:
3710:Jacoubet (1938
3702:
3700:, p. 582)
3690:
3688:, p. 118)
3675:
3673:, p. 357)
3671:Boudhors (1933
3663:
3661:, p. 114)
3648:
3646:, p. 359)
3644:Boudhors (1933
3636:
3632:Boudhors (1933
3624:
3620:Boudhors (1933
3609:
3607:, p. 119)
3597:
3582:
3580:, p. 264)
3570:
3568:, p. 263)
3558:
3543:
3541:, p. 356)
3539:Boudhors (1933
3531:
3527:Jacoubet (1938
3519:
3515:Jacoubet (1938
3507:
3496:
3484:
3473:
3471:, p. 821)
3461:
3459:, p. 385)
3449:
3437:
3433:Fléchier (1856
3422:
3420:, p. 817)
3410:
3398:
3396:, p. 483)
3383:
3381:, p. 523)
3371:
3369:, p. 825)
3359:
3357:, p. 816)
3347:
3345:, p. 483)
3335:
3323:
3321:, p. 513)
3308:
3296:
3292:Boutroux (1939
3284:
3282:, p. 262)
3272:
3270:, p. 628)
3260:
3258:, p. 641)
3248:
3246:, p. 625)
3236:
3234:, p. 621)
3224:
3212:
3210:, p. 626)
3197:
3195:, p. 501)
3185:
3173:
3161:
3149:
3147:, p. 633)
3134:
3132:, p. 638)
3122:
3120:, p. 634)
3110:
3095:
3083:
3071:
3067:Boutroux (1939
3059:
3055:Jacoubet (1938
3047:
3044:Henriot (1933)
3029:
3027:, p. 813)
3017:
3005:
3003:, p. 512)
2988:
2986:, p. 631)
2976:
2973:Faugère (1845)
2965:
2963:, p. 623)
2950:
2948:, p. 620)
2938:
2936:, p. 624)
2926:
2924:, p. 539)
2914:
2912:, p. 147)
2902:
2890:
2878:
2866:
2864:, p. 482)
2849:
2837:
2835:, p. 819)
2825:
2823:, p. 119)
2813:
2811:, p. 303)
2801:
2799:, p. 230)
2786:
2784:, p. 315)
2771:
2767:Boudhors (1933
2759:
2744:
2742:, p. 809)
2732:
2721:
2709:
2705:Jacoubet (1938
2692:
2680:
2678:, p. 115)
2668:
2653:
2651:, p. 113)
2641:
2637:Boudhors (1933
2629:
2627:, p. 117)
2617:
2615:, p. 116)
2600:
2598:, p. 115)
2583:
2571:
2569:, p. 823)
2556:
2554:, p. 798)
2544:
2529:
2510:
2499:
2488:
2474:
2455:
2443:
2439:Busnelli (1934
2431:
2428:Souriau (1935)
2420:
2402:
2398:Strowski (1920
2390:
2386:Boudhors (1933
2371:
2354:
2351:Michaut (1942)
2340:
2329:
2313:
2298:
2287:
2275:
2260:
2258:, p. 292)
2245:
2233:
2222:
2207:
2196:
2184:
2182:, p. 805)
2172:
2160:
2156:Boudhors (1933
2143:
2128:
2113:
2111:, p. 804)
2098:
2083:
2071:
2059:
2047:
2045:, p. 802)
2030:
2013:
1998:
1987:
1975:
1973:, p. 104)
1960:
1931:
1910:
1898:
1884:
1871:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1862:
1853:
1844:
1835:
1826:
1817:
1808:
1799:
1790:
1781:
1771:
1761:
1752:
1743:
1734:
1724:
1715:
1706:
1697:
1688:
1679:
1670:
1661:
1652:
1642:
1633:
1624:
1614:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1573:
1570:
1556:Michel Chasles
1539:
1536:
1509:Saint-Magloire
1483:" instead of "
1412:
1409:
1400:
1397:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1273:
1270:
1162:
1159:
1015:
1012:
935:, to whom the
911:
908:
906:
900:
850:
847:
777:Gustave Lanson
742:
739:
737:
734:
695:Artus Gouffier
642:Émile Boutroux
593:
590:
520:
517:
515:
514:Pascal's novel
512:
504:Gustave Lanson
450:
447:
445:
442:
355:
352:
336:Émile Boutroux
264:Saint-Evremond
223:
220:
198:
195:
193:
192:Text discovery
190:
70:
69:
66:
62:
61:
58:
55:
52:
51:
48:
44:
43:
38:
34:
33:
30:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5898:
5887:
5884:
5882:
5881:Blaise Pascal
5879:
5878:
5876:
5869:
5868:
5865:
5862:
5859:
5855:
5848:
5845:
5844:
5840:
5827:
5823:
5818:
5807:
5803:
5798:
5797:
5793:
5781:
5777:
5772:
5771:
5767:
5755:
5754:
5748:
5744:
5739:
5735:
5730:
5726:
5725:
5719:
5718:
5714:
5708:
5704:
5700:
5696:
5692:
5688:
5684:
5679:
5675:
5670:
5659:
5655:
5651:
5647:
5642:
5638:
5633:
5629:
5625:
5620:
5617:(2): 461–463.
5616:
5612:
5608:
5603:
5602:
5598:
5585:
5581:
5576:
5572:
5567:
5563:
5558:
5548:
5544:
5539:
5535:
5534:
5528:
5527:
5523:
5518:
5514:
5513:Blaise Pascal
5511:
5509:
5508:Victor Cousin
5506:
5505:
5501:
5494:
5493:
5487:
5483:
5482:
5476:
5472:
5467:
5463:
5458:
5448:
5444:
5439:
5428:
5424:
5419:
5415:
5411:
5406:
5396:
5392:
5387:
5383:
5378:
5374:
5373:
5367:
5357:
5353:
5348:
5344:
5343:
5337:
5326:
5321:
5311:
5307:
5302:
5298:
5292:
5288:
5287:
5281:
5271:
5267:
5262:
5259:(2): 461–463.
5258:
5254:
5250:
5245:
5241:
5235:
5231:
5230:
5224:
5220:
5219:
5213:
5209:
5203:
5199:
5198:
5192:
5188:
5182:
5174:
5169:
5165:
5160:
5156:
5151:
5147:
5146:
5140:
5136:
5132:
5127:
5123:
5118:
5108:
5104:
5099:
5089:
5085:
5080:
5076:
5071:
5067:
5063:
5059:
5055:
5051:
5048:(in French).
5047:
5043:
5038:
5028:
5024:
5019:
5015:
5010:
5006:
5001:
4997:
4996:
4990:
4986:
4982:
4978:
4974:
4970:
4966:
4962:
4957:
4953:
4949:
4944:
4934:
4930:
4925:
4915:
4914:
4908:
4904:
4899:
4895:
4894:
4888:
4878:
4874:
4869:
4865:
4864:
4858:
4854:
4853:
4847:
4843:
4842:
4836:
4832:
4831:
4825:
4821:
4817:
4812:
4808:
4807:
4801:
4791:
4787:
4782:
4772:
4768:
4763:
4753:
4749:
4744:
4734:
4730:
4726:
4722:
4718:
4713:
4709:
4708:
4702:
4698:
4694:
4692:
4685:
4681:
4676:
4666:
4662:
4657:
4653:
4652:
4646:
4642:
4638:
4633:
4629:
4624:
4620:
4619:
4613:
4603:
4599:
4594:
4584:
4580:
4575:
4571:
4566:
4562:
4561:
4555:
4551:
4547:
4543:
4539:
4535:
4532:(in French).
4531:
4527:
4522:
4518:
4512:
4508:
4507:
4501:
4491:
4487:
4482:
4478:
4477:
4471:
4470:
4465:
4458:
4453:
4450:
4447:
4442:
4439:
4435:
4434:Barrier (2022
4430:
4427:
4423:
4418:
4415:
4411:
4406:
4403:
4399:
4394:
4391:
4387:
4386:Mesnard (1992
4382:
4379:
4376:
4371:
4368:
4364:
4363:Mesnard (1992
4359:
4357:
4355:
4351:
4347:
4346:Mesnard (1992
4342:
4340:
4338:
4334:
4330:
4329:Mesnard (1992
4325:
4323:
4319:
4316:
4311:
4308:
4304:
4303:Mesnard (1992
4299:
4296:
4292:
4287:
4284:
4280:
4279:Mesnard (1992
4275:
4272:
4269:, p. 21)
4268:
4267:Mesnard (2011
4263:
4260:
4256:
4255:Mesnard (1992
4251:
4249:
4245:
4242:
4237:
4234:
4230:
4225:
4222:
4218:
4213:
4211:
4209:
4205:
4201:
4196:
4193:
4190:, p. 28)
4189:
4184:
4181:
4178:, p. 27)
4177:
4172:
4169:
4165:
4160:
4157:
4154:, p. 38)
4153:
4148:
4145:
4141:
4136:
4133:
4130:, p. 24)
4129:
4124:
4121:
4118:, p. 20)
4117:
4112:
4109:
4106:, p. 13)
4105:
4100:
4097:
4093:
4088:
4085:
4081:
4076:
4073:
4069:
4064:
4061:
4058:
4057:Pascal (1913)
4053:
4050:
4046:
4041:
4038:
4034:
4029:
4026:
4022:
4017:
4014:
4010:
4005:
4002:
3999:, p. 16)
3998:
3993:
3990:
3987:
3982:
3979:
3975:
3970:
3967:
3964:, p. 13)
3963:
3958:
3955:
3951:
3946:
3943:
3939:
3934:
3931:
3927:
3922:
3919:
3915:
3910:
3907:
3903:
3898:
3895:
3892:
3887:
3884:
3881:, p. 39)
3880:
3875:
3872:
3869:, p. 25)
3868:
3863:
3860:
3857:, p. 42)
3856:
3851:
3848:
3844:
3839:
3836:
3833:, p. 40)
3832:
3827:
3824:
3821:, p. 31)
3820:
3815:
3812:
3808:
3807:Mesnard (1992
3803:
3801:
3797:
3793:
3788:
3786:
3782:
3778:
3773:
3770:
3766:
3761:
3758:
3754:
3749:
3747:
3745:
3743:
3739:
3735:
3730:
3727:
3724:, p. 22)
3723:
3718:
3715:
3712:, p. 14)
3711:
3706:
3703:
3699:
3694:
3691:
3687:
3682:
3680:
3676:
3672:
3667:
3664:
3660:
3655:
3653:
3649:
3645:
3640:
3637:
3633:
3628:
3625:
3621:
3616:
3614:
3610:
3606:
3601:
3598:
3594:
3593:Mesnard (1992
3589:
3587:
3583:
3579:
3574:
3571:
3567:
3562:
3559:
3555:
3554:Mesnard (1992
3550:
3548:
3544:
3540:
3535:
3532:
3528:
3523:
3520:
3517:, p. 11)
3516:
3511:
3508:
3505:
3500:
3497:
3494:, p. 14)
3493:
3492:Faugère (1845
3488:
3485:
3482:
3477:
3474:
3470:
3465:
3462:
3458:
3457:Labitte (1846
3453:
3450:
3447:, p. 31)
3446:
3445:Faugère (1845
3441:
3438:
3435:, p. 87)
3434:
3429:
3427:
3423:
3419:
3414:
3411:
3407:
3402:
3399:
3395:
3390:
3388:
3384:
3380:
3375:
3372:
3368:
3363:
3360:
3356:
3351:
3348:
3344:
3339:
3336:
3333:, p. 64)
3332:
3331:Faugère (1844
3327:
3324:
3320:
3315:
3313:
3309:
3305:
3300:
3297:
3294:, p. 61)
3293:
3288:
3285:
3281:
3276:
3273:
3269:
3264:
3261:
3257:
3252:
3249:
3245:
3240:
3237:
3233:
3228:
3225:
3221:
3216:
3213:
3209:
3204:
3202:
3198:
3194:
3189:
3186:
3183:, p. 23)
3182:
3177:
3174:
3171:, p. 57)
3170:
3165:
3162:
3158:
3153:
3150:
3146:
3141:
3139:
3135:
3131:
3126:
3123:
3119:
3114:
3111:
3107:
3102:
3100:
3096:
3093:, p. 34)
3092:
3091:Mesnard (1965
3087:
3084:
3081:, p. 11)
3080:
3075:
3072:
3069:, p. 48)
3068:
3063:
3060:
3056:
3051:
3048:
3045:
3040:
3038:
3036:
3034:
3030:
3026:
3021:
3018:
3014:
3009:
3006:
3002:
2997:
2995:
2993:
2989:
2985:
2980:
2977:
2974:
2969:
2966:
2962:
2957:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2942:
2939:
2935:
2930:
2927:
2923:
2922:Baschet (1875
2918:
2915:
2911:
2906:
2903:
2899:
2894:
2891:
2888:, p. 13)
2887:
2882:
2879:
2875:
2870:
2867:
2863:
2858:
2856:
2854:
2850:
2846:
2841:
2838:
2834:
2829:
2826:
2822:
2817:
2814:
2810:
2805:
2802:
2798:
2793:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2782:Flottes (1845
2778:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2763:
2760:
2756:
2751:
2749:
2745:
2741:
2736:
2733:
2730:
2729:Faguet (1911)
2725:
2722:
2719:, p. 28)
2718:
2713:
2710:
2706:
2701:
2699:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2688:Mesnard (1992
2684:
2681:
2677:
2672:
2669:
2666:, p. 10)
2665:
2660:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2645:
2642:
2638:
2633:
2630:
2626:
2621:
2618:
2614:
2609:
2607:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2592:
2590:
2588:
2584:
2581:, p. 84)
2580:
2575:
2572:
2568:
2563:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2548:
2545:
2541:
2536:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2521:
2519:
2517:
2515:
2511:
2508:
2503:
2500:
2497:
2492:
2489:
2486:
2485:Lafuma (1950)
2481:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2466:
2464:
2462:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2447:
2444:
2440:
2435:
2432:
2429:
2424:
2421:
2418:
2417:Brunet (1959)
2413:
2411:
2409:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2394:
2391:
2387:
2382:
2380:
2378:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2367:Flottes (1845
2363:
2361:
2359:
2355:
2352:
2347:
2345:
2341:
2338:
2333:
2330:
2327:
2326:Faguet (1907)
2322:
2320:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2305:
2303:
2299:
2296:
2291:
2288:
2284:
2279:
2276:
2273:, p. 92)
2272:
2267:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2252:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2237:
2234:
2231:
2226:
2223:
2219:
2214:
2212:
2208:
2205:
2200:
2197:
2194:, p. 45)
2193:
2188:
2185:
2181:
2176:
2173:
2170:, p. 43)
2169:
2164:
2161:
2157:
2152:
2150:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2139:Mesnard (1992
2135:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2124:Mesnard (1992
2120:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2105:
2103:
2099:
2096:, p. 44)
2095:
2090:
2088:
2084:
2081:, p. 44)
2080:
2075:
2072:
2069:, p. 12)
2068:
2063:
2060:
2056:
2055:Mesnard (1992
2051:
2048:
2044:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2031:
2028:, p. 11)
2027:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2009:Mesnard (1992
2005:
2003:
1999:
1996:
1995:Bibale (n.d.)
1991:
1988:
1984:
1979:
1976:
1972:
1971:Faugère (1844
1967:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1952:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1911:
1908:, p. 34)
1907:
1902:
1899:
1896:
1895:Moreau (2015)
1891:
1889:
1885:
1882:, p. 56)
1881:
1876:
1873:
1866:
1857:
1854:
1848:
1845:
1839:
1836:
1830:
1827:
1821:
1818:
1812:
1809:
1803:
1800:
1794:
1791:
1785:
1782:
1775:
1772:
1765:
1762:
1756:
1753:
1747:
1744:
1738:
1735:
1728:
1725:
1719:
1716:
1710:
1707:
1701:
1698:
1692:
1689:
1683:
1680:
1674:
1671:
1665:
1662:
1656:
1653:
1646:
1643:
1637:
1634:
1628:
1625:
1618:
1615:
1609:
1606:
1600:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1587:
1582:
1579:
1571:
1569:
1565:
1562:
1561:Victor Cousin
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1513:
1510:
1504:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1457:
1453:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1438:
1433:
1429:
1428:
1422:
1418:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1328:
1323:
1319:
1317:
1313:
1307:
1304:
1299:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1265:Malebranche's
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1245:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1230:
1224:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1205:
1201:
1200:
1194:
1190:
1185:
1183:
1182:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1150:
1148:
1144:
1139:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1091:
1083:
1079:
1074:
1070:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1040:Victor Cousin
1037:
1033:
1028:
1026:
1021:
1013:
1011:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
992:
990:
985:
982:
978:
974:
966:
961:
957:
955:
951:
948:
944:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
925:philosophical
922:
918:
909:
905:
901:
899:
897:
893:
888:
886:
882:
878:
877:
872:
868:
863:
861:
856:
848:
846:
844:
839:
835:
829:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
798:
793:
791:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
764:
761:
757:
752:
751:Victor Cousin
748:
740:
735:
733:
730:
725:
722:mentioned in
721:
717:
712:
710:
705:
703:
702:
696:
692:
688:
687:Blaise Pascal
679:
675:
673:
669:
663:
661:
657:
652:
648:
643:
637:
633:
630:
629:Victor Cousin
626:
621:
619:
615:
614:Victor Cousin
607:
602:
598:
591:
589:
586:
580:
577:
573:
568:
563:
559:
553:
550:
546:
541:
536:
525:
511:
509:
505:
501:
495:
493:
489:
484:
479:
477:
473:
468:
465:
464:Blaise Pascal
460:
459:Victor Cousin
456:
448:
443:
441:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
421:Gilles MĂ©nage
418:
408:
404:
402:
398:
394:
389:
387:
383:
377:
375:
371:
367:
362:
353:
351:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
303:
296:
291:
287:
283:
280:
275:
273:
269:
265:
259:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
236:Victor Cousin
228:
221:
219:
215:
213:
207:
204:
196:
191:
189:
186:
181:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
162:Émile Henriot
159:
154:
150:
148:
147:Correspondant
143:
142:
137:
135:
130:
129:
122:
120:
116:
112:
107:
104:
100:
98:
92:
88:
87:Victor Cousin
84:
83:
78:
77:
67:
63:
59:
53:
49:
45:
42:
41:Blaise Pascal
39:
35:
28:
23:
5852:
5830:. Retrieved
5825:
5810:. Retrieved
5805:
5783:. Retrieved
5779:
5758:, retrieved
5752:
5742:
5733:
5727:(in French).
5723:
5690:
5686:
5673:
5662:. Retrieved
5657:
5645:
5636:
5627:
5614:
5610:
5588:. Retrieved
5583:
5570:
5561:
5550:. Retrieved
5546:
5532:
5491:
5480:
5470:
5450:. Retrieved
5446:
5431:. Retrieved
5426:
5413:
5398:. Retrieved
5394:
5381:
5371:
5359:. Retrieved
5355:
5341:
5329:. Retrieved
5313:. Retrieved
5309:
5285:
5273:. Retrieved
5269:
5256:
5252:
5228:
5217:
5196:
5172:
5163:
5154:
5144:
5134:
5121:
5110:. Retrieved
5106:
5091:. Retrieved
5087:
5074:
5049:
5045:
5030:. Retrieved
5026:
5013:
5004:
4994:
4968:
4964:
4951:
4936:. Retrieved
4932:
4918:, retrieved
4912:
4902:
4896:(in French).
4892:
4880:. Retrieved
4876:
4862:
4851:
4844:(in French).
4840:
4829:
4815:
4805:
4793:. Retrieved
4789:
4774:. Retrieved
4770:
4755:. Retrieved
4751:
4736:. Retrieved
4724:
4720:
4706:
4696:
4690:
4679:
4668:. Retrieved
4664:
4650:
4640:
4627:
4617:
4605:. Retrieved
4601:
4586:. Retrieved
4582:
4559:
4536:(1): 51–68.
4533:
4529:
4505:
4493:. Retrieved
4489:
4475:
4452:
4441:
4429:
4417:
4410:Josset (2021
4405:
4400:, p. 6)
4393:
4381:
4370:
4310:
4298:
4286:
4274:
4262:
4236:
4229:Giraud (1951
4224:
4217:Lafuma (1962
4200:Brunet (1959
4195:
4188:Brunet (1959
4183:
4176:Brunet (1959
4171:
4164:Brunet (1959
4159:
4152:Brunet (1959
4147:
4140:Brunet (1959
4135:
4128:Brunet (1959
4123:
4116:Brunet (1959
4111:
4099:
4087:
4080:Brunet (1959
4075:
4063:
4052:
4045:Brunet (1959
4040:
4033:Faguet (1904
4028:
4021:Cuénin (1985
4016:
4009:Faguet (1904
4004:
3992:
3981:
3969:
3962:Brunet (1959
3957:
3950:Lafuma (1949
3945:
3938:Giraud (1907
3933:
3926:Brunet (1959
3921:
3909:
3902:Lafuma (1949
3897:
3886:
3879:Brunet (1959
3874:
3862:
3855:Brunet (1959
3850:
3838:
3831:Brunet (1959
3826:
3814:
3792:Lafuma (1949
3772:
3760:
3753:Lafuma (1949
3729:
3717:
3705:
3698:Faguet (1904
3693:
3686:Lafuma (1949
3666:
3659:Lafuma (1949
3639:
3634:, p. 3)
3627:
3622:, p. 2)
3605:Lafuma (1949
3600:
3573:
3561:
3534:
3529:, p. 5)
3522:
3510:
3499:
3487:
3476:
3469:Giraud (1907
3464:
3452:
3440:
3418:Giraud (1907
3413:
3406:Cousin (1843
3401:
3394:Gazier (1877
3379:Deyras (1959
3374:
3367:Giraud (1907
3362:
3355:Giraud (1907
3350:
3343:Gazier (1877
3338:
3326:
3319:Deyras (1959
3306:, p. 2)
3304:Faguet (1907
3299:
3287:
3275:
3263:
3251:
3239:
3227:
3215:
3193:Cousin (1876
3188:
3176:
3169:Cousin (1843
3164:
3152:
3125:
3113:
3106:Deyras (1959
3086:
3074:
3062:
3057:, p. 5)
3050:
3025:Giraud (1907
3020:
3008:
3001:Deyras (1959
2979:
2968:
2941:
2929:
2917:
2905:
2898:Giraud (1907
2893:
2881:
2869:
2862:Gazier (1877
2845:Gazier (1877
2840:
2833:Giraud (1907
2828:
2821:Lafuma (1949
2816:
2804:
2769:, p. 1)
2762:
2740:Giraud (1907
2735:
2724:
2712:
2683:
2676:Lafuma (1949
2671:
2664:Brunet (1959
2649:Lafuma (1949
2644:
2639:, p. 7)
2632:
2625:Lafuma (1949
2620:
2613:Lafuma (1949
2596:Lafuma (1949
2574:
2567:Giraud (1907
2552:Giraud (1907
2547:
2540:Giraud (1920
2525:Giraud (1920
2502:
2491:
2470:Lafuma (1949
2453:, p. 8)
2451:Lafuma (1950
2446:
2434:
2423:
2393:
2332:
2309:Faguet (1904
2290:
2278:
2236:
2225:
2204:Havet (1852)
2199:
2192:Brunet (1959
2187:
2180:Giraud (1907
2175:
2168:Brunet (1959
2163:
2158:, p. 5)
2109:Giraud (1907
2094:Brunet (1959
2079:Brunet (1959
2074:
2067:Brunet (1959
2062:
2050:
2043:Giraud (1907
2026:Brunet (1959
1990:
1985:, p. 7)
1983:Lafuma (1950
1978:
1956:Giraud (1907
1927:Cousin (1843
1901:
1880:Brunet (1959
1875:
1856:
1847:
1838:
1829:
1820:
1811:
1802:
1793:
1784:
1774:
1764:
1755:
1746:
1737:
1727:
1718:
1709:
1700:
1691:
1682:
1673:
1664:
1655:
1645:
1636:
1627:
1617:
1608:
1589:
1586:Ouest-France
1583:
1577:
1575:
1566:
1543:
1541:
1533:
1516:
1514:
1505:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1462:
1449:
1445:
1435:
1425:
1416:
1414:
1402:
1391:
1371:
1369:
1356:
1351:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1326:
1315:
1311:
1308:
1302:
1300:
1295:
1286:Jean Pommier
1281:
1275:
1261:Guilleragues
1246:
1241:
1227:
1225:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1197:
1192:
1188:
1186:
1179:
1166:
1164:
1153:
1151:
1146:
1142:
1140:
1135:
1118:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1087:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1052:Mme de Sablé
1050:and that of
1029:
1024:
1019:
1017:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
993:
988:
987:Descartes's
986:
980:
976:
972:
970:
953:
949:
945:
936:
916:
913:
903:
895:
891:
889:
880:
874:
870:
866:
864:
854:
852:
837:
833:
830:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
796:
794:
789:
784:
780:
773:Ernest Havet
765:
759:
747:subjectivity
744:
720:Clermontoise
715:
713:
708:
706:
699:
684:
664:
647:Émile Faguet
638:
634:
624:
622:
617:
611:
604:View of the
595:
584:
581:
566:
557:
554:
540:Sainte-Beuve
534:
531:
496:
491:
487:
483:Émile Faguet
480:
475:
471:
469:
455:authenticity
452:
436:
433:Provinciales
428:
414:
400:
396:
390:
385:
381:
378:
357:
340:Émile Faguet
324:Sainte-Beuve
308:Ernest Havet
304:
300:
284:
278:
276:
267:
260:
255:
251:
247:
233:
216:
208:
202:
200:
197:Presentation
184:
182:
157:
152:
145:
139:
132:
127:
123:
118:
114:
110:
108:
94:
81:
80:
75:
74:
73:
5828:(in French)
5808:(in French)
5586:(in French)
5429:(in French)
5327:(in French)
5155:Charpentier
5052:(1): 9–26.
4916:(in French)
4699:: 991–1007.
3974:Gaxie (2008
3914:Gaxie (2008
3867:Gaxie (2008
3819:Gaxie (2008
3777:Gaxie (2008
3722:Gaxie (2008
3578:Havet (1866
3566:Havet (1866
3280:Havet (1866
3181:Gaxie (2008
3079:Gaxie (2008
2910:Vinet (1876
2886:Gaxie (2008
2809:Fuzet (1876
2755:Peyre (1930
2717:Gaxie (2008
2507:Truc (1949)
2218:Vinet (1876
1906:Gaxie (2008
1554:, of which
1437:La Fontaine
1187:The maxim "
1014:Trade fairs
885:Malebranche
528:de Roannez.
500:Henri Peyre
272:libertinism
170:Malebranche
5875:Categories
5832:2024-05-06
5812:2024-05-03
5785:2024-05-11
5760:2024-05-11
5674:Flammarion
5664:2024-05-11
5630:: 194–212.
5590:2024-05-07
5552:2024-05-07
5452:2024-05-11
5433:2024-05-11
5416:: 318–336.
5400:2024-05-08
5372:Port-Royal
5361:2024-05-08
5331:2024-05-11
5315:2024-05-11
5275:2024-05-08
5112:2024-05-11
5093:2024-05-11
5032:2024-05-11
4954:: 599–607.
4938:2024-05-06
4920:2024-05-11
4882:2024-05-11
4795:2024-05-11
4776:2024-05-11
4757:2024-05-11
4738:2022-07-06
4682:: 131–160.
4670:2024-05-07
4643:: 194–212.
4607:2024-05-06
4588:2024-05-11
4495:2024-05-11
2874:Adam (1891
2797:Adam (1997
2579:Jovy (1908
1867:References
1769:Discourse.
1546:is not by
1291:Port-Royal
1238:La Bruyère
1204:Port-Royal
1044:Port-Royal
860:Port-Royal
749:, as when
660:Port-Royal
656:homonymous
212:aesthetics
178:La Bruyère
103:philosophy
79:(English:
60:After 1670
5707:0992-5279
5181:cite book
5066:0012-4273
4977:0035-2411
4866:Hachette.
4727:: 13–21.
4550:0012-4273
1473:caractère
1432:Descartes
1249:Descartes
1234:Furetière
769:Descartes
625:Discourse
616:, in his
545:Corneille
361:Jansenist
266:entitled
234:In 1843,
166:Descartes
5502:See also
4985:40520927
1578:Discours
1517:Discours
1501:MĂ©moires
1497:Discours
1493:Discours
1469:Discours
1465:MĂ©moires
1446:Discours
1417:Discours
1392:Discours
1372:Discours
1327:Discours
1303:Discours
1282:Discours
1242:Discours
1229:Académie
1221:Discours
1213:Discours
1209:Discours
1193:Discours
1167:Discours
1154:Discours
1147:Discours
1136:Discours
1113:Discours
1105:Discours
1080:, 1863,
1067:Discours
1063:Discours
1025:Discours
1020:Discours
1000:L'Astrée
981:Discours
937:Discours
921:literary
917:Discours
904:Discours
896:avec soi
881:Discours
867:Discours
855:Discours
838:Discours
818:Discours
816:and the
806:Discours
797:Discours
785:Discours
781:Discours
771:vision.
760:Discours
724:Fléchier
716:Discours
709:Discours
668:Gilberte
585:Discours
567:Memorial
558:Discours
549:Augustus
535:Discours
492:Discours
488:Discours
476:Discours
472:Discours
437:Discours
429:Discours
401:Discours
397:Discours
370:Voltaire
279:Discours
185:Discours
158:Discours
153:Discours
144:and the
115:Discours
47:Language
5886:Forgery
5780:Gallica
5658:Gallica
5395:Gallica
5356:Gallica
5310:Gallica
5107:Gallica
5088:Gallica
5027:Gallica
4933:Gallica
4820:Grasset
4790:Gallica
4771:Gallica
4665:Gallica
4602:Gallica
4490:Gallica
1542:If the
1427:Pensées
1380:Roannez
1278:Henriot
1217:Pensées
1199:Pensées
1181:Pensées
1059:Maximes
967:(1836).
876:Pensées
834:Pensées
826:Pensées
822:Pensées
814:Pensées
810:Pensées
802:Pensées
790:Pensées
775:, like
756:Pensées
411:author.
393:Pensées
366:Jesuits
222:Context
5867:Israel
5826:Bibale
5794:Others
5705:
5660:. 1674
5293:
5236:
5204:
5064:
4983:
4975:
4618:Pascal
4548:
4513:
1548:Pascal
1485:femmes
1421:centon
1386:, and
1382:, the
1314:" or "
1253:Racine
1171:Pascal
950:Maxims
843:Bossut
672:Pascal
131:, the
97:Pascal
68:France
50:French
37:Author
5861:IdRef
4981:JSTOR
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