Discoveries of exoplanets - Knowledge (XXG)

883:: On August 24, astronomers using ESO's HARPS instrument announced the discovery of a planetary system with up to seven planets orbiting a Sun-like star with five confirmed Neptune-mass planets and evidence of two other planets, one of which could have the lowest mass of any planet found to date orbiting a main-sequence star, and the other of which may be a long-period Saturnian planet. Additionally, there is evidence that the distances of the planets from their star follow a regular pattern, as seen in the Solar System. 7735: 405: 1345:, a star about 40 light-years away. Three of these planets are said to be located within the habitable zone of the TRAPPIST-1 solar system and have the potential to harbor liquid water on their surface and possibly sustain life. The discovery sets a new record for the greatest number of habitable-zone planets found around a single star outside the Solar System. TRAPPIST-1 is a red dwarf, which raises the likelihood of the exoplanets orbiting TRAPPIST-1 being tidally locked with the parent star. 751:. The Gemini images allowed the international team to make the initial discovery of two of the planets with data obtained on October 17, 2007. Then, in July through September 2008, the team confirmed this discovery and found a third planet orbiting even closer to the star with images obtained at the Keck II telescope. A review of older data taken in 2004 with the Keck II telescope revealed that the outer 2 planets were visible on these images. Their masses and separations are approximately 7 M 30: 929:: On April 27, 2011, the super-earth 55 Cancri e was found to transit its host star using the MOST satellite. This planet has the shortest known orbital period of any extrasolar planet at .73 days. It is also the first time a super-earth has been detected transiting a naked eye star (less than 6th magnitude in V band). The high density calculated suggests that the planet has a "rock-iron composition supplemented by a significant mass of water, gas, or other light elements". 105: 620:: This planet was one of the first Neptune-mass planets discovered, in August 2004. In May 2007, a transit was found, revealed as the smallest and least massive transiting planet yet at 22 times that of Earth. Its density is consistent with a large core of an exotic form of solid water called "hot ice", which would exist, despite the planet's high temperatures, because the planet's gravity causes water to be extremely dense. 572:, observed the atmosphere of HD 209458 b over a wavelength range from 7.5 to 13.2 micrometres. The results were surprising in several ways. The 10-micrometre spectral peak of water vapor was absent. An unpredicted peak was observed at 9.65 micrometres, which the investigators attributed to clouds of silicate dust. Another peak, at 7.78 micrometres, remained unexplained. The other group, led by Carl Grillmair of NASA's 7729: 8068: 113: 729:(Alpha Piscis Austrini). This was the first extrasolar planet to be directly imaged by an optical telescope. Its mass is estimated to be three times that of Jupiter. Based on the planet's unexpected brightness at visible wavelengths, the discovery team suspects it is surrounded by its own large disk or ring that may be a satellite system in the process of formation. 8080: 7741: 856:: On March 17, the first known temperate transiting planet was announced. Discovered by the COROT satellite, it has an orbital period of 95 days and a periastron distance of 0.36 AU, by far the largest of any exoplanet whose transit has been observed. The temperature of the planet is estimated at between 250 K and 430 K (between −20 °C and 160 °C). 797:: On April 21, the European Southern Observatory announced the discovery of a fourth planet orbiting the star Gliese 581. The planet orbits its parent star at a distance of less than 0.03 AU and has a minimum mass estimated at 1.9 times that of Earth. As of January 2010, this is the lightest known extrasolar planet to orbit a main-sequence star. 6232: 942:: On 16 October 2012, the discovery was announced of an Earth-mass planet in orbit around Alpha Centauri B. The discovery of a planet in the closest star system to Earth received widespread media attention and was seen as an important landmark in exoplanet research. However, the planet was later shown not to exist. 524:

galaxy. As of April 2010, it remains the most distant known exoplanet. Its mass is estimated to be 5.5 times that of Earth. Prior to this discovery, the few known exoplanets with comparably low masses had only been discovered in orbits very close to their parent stars, but this planet is estimated to

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announced the discovery of 6 transiting planets orbiting the star Kepler 11. Masses were confirmed using a new method called Transit Timing Variations. The architecture of the system is unique with 6 low mass, low-density planets all packed in tight orbits around their host star. The 5 inner planets

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30 planets: On October 19, it was announced that 30 new planets were discovered, all were detected by the radial velocity method. It is the most planets ever announced in a single day during the exoplanet era. October 2009 now holds the most planets discovered in a month, breaking the record set in

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is the closest exoplanet to Earth to be detected transiting in front of its star. The planet has a mass 4.5 times that of Earth, a radius about 1.6 times that of Earth, with a three-day orbit around its star. Combining the size and mass gives it a density of 6 g/cm, confirming that it is a rocky

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and periods ranging from 4 to 20 days. It was suggested this might be the first multi-planet system without any known gas giants. However, a subsequent study of the system's orbital stability found that tidal interactions have had little effect on evolution of the planets' orbits. That, in turn,

1423:, announced the discovery of host star EPIC 211945201 or K2-236 and exoplanet EPIC 211945201b or K2-236b. Located at a distance of 600 light-years from Earth, the exoplanet has a mass 27 times heavier than that of Earth and is 6 times its radius. K2-236b has a surface temperature of 600 °C. 681:

found on an extrasolar planet for the first time. The analysis showed not only water vapor, but also methane existing in the atmosphere of the giant gas planet. Although conditions on there are too harsh to harbor life, it still is the first time a key molecule for organic life was found on an

576:, observed HD 189733 b. They also failed to detect the spectroscopic signature of water vapor. Later in the year, yet another group of researchers using a somewhat different technique succeeded in detecting water vapor in the planet's atmosphere, the first time such a detection had been made. 876:

of carbon monoxide gas show that it is streaming at enormous speed from the extremely hot day side to the cooler night side of the planet. The observations also allow another exciting “first” — measuring the orbital speed of the exoplanet itself, providing a direct determination of its

507:: This planet was announced on July 1. Its unusually high density indicated that it was a giant planet with a large core, the largest one yet known. The mass of the core was estimated at 70 Earth masses (as of 2008, 80–110), accounting for at least two-thirds of the planet's total mass. 862:: On June 10, for the first time astronomers have been able to directly follow the motion of an exoplanet as it moves to the other side of its host star. The planet has the smallest orbit so far of all directly imaged exoplanets, lying as close to its host star as Saturn is to the Sun. 311:: After being originally discovered with the radial-velocity method, this became the first exoplanet to be seen transiting its parent star. The transit detection conclusively confirmed the existence of the planets suspected to be responsible for the radial velocity measurements. 347:

around giant stars. Giant stars have pulsations that can mimic the presence of planets. The planet is very massive and has a very eccentric orbit. It orbits on average 27.5% further from its star than Earth does from the Sun. In 2008 the system's origin would be traced to the

240:: In 1996 this Jupiter-like planet was the first long-period planet discovered, orbiting at 2.11 AU from the star with the eccentricity of 0.049. There is a second companion that orbits at 3.39 AU with the eccentricity of 0.220 ± 0.028 and a period of 2190 ± 460 days. 1103:, an exotic planet was discovered that has a 100% chance of having hot liquid iron; its dayside temperatures reach 2,400 °C (4,350 °F), on the other hand, its nightside is 1,000 °C (1,800 °F) cooler, allowing its metals to condense and rain out. 196:

combined with an underestimation of the orbit of the Gamma Cephei binary, which implied the planet's orbit would be unstable, led some astronomers to suspect the variations were merely due to stellar rotation. The existence of the planet was finally confirmed in

850:: On March 6, a gas giant like Jupiter with the longest known orbital period for any exoplanet was detected via radial velocity. It orbits its parent star at a distance similar to Saturn in the Solar System with its orbital period lasting about 38 Earth years. 457:

planet is very high (1250 K), mostly due to gravitational contraction. In late 2005, the parameters were revised to orbital radius 41 AU and mass of 3.3 Jupiters, because it was found that the system is closer to Earth than was originally believed. In 2006, a

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On 23 July 2015, NASA announced the release of the Seventh Kepler Candidate Catalog, bringing the total number of confirmed exoplanets to 1030 and the number of exoplanet candidates to 4,696. This announcement also included the first report of

568:: These became the first extrasolar planets to have their atmospheric spectra directly observed. The announcement was made on February 21, by two groups of researchers who had worked independently. One group, led by Jeremy Richardson of NASA's 7225: 7220: 715:: In September, an object was imaged in the infrared at a separation of 330AU from this star. Later, in June 2010, the object was confirmed to be a companion planet to the star rather than a background object aligned by chance. 7215: 535:-mass planets. It is the first triple planetary system without any Jupiter-like planets discovered around a Sun-like star. All three planets were announced on May 18 by Lovis. All three orbit within 1 AU. The planets 7210: 626:: The largest-diameter and lowest-density exoplanet to date, TrES-4 is 1.7 times Jupiter's diameter but only 0.84 times its mass, giving it a density of just 0.2 grams per cubic centimeter—about the same as 136:

of an exoplanet was published among a list of possible candidates in 1988, though not confirmed until 2003. The first confirmed detection came in 1992, with the discovery of terrestrial-mass planets orbiting the

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in the atmosphere, but at a smaller intensity than expected, suggesting that high clouds obscure the lower atmospheric layers. In 2008 the albedo of its cloud layer was measured, and its structure modeled as

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Reffert, S.; Quirrenbach, A. (2011). "Mass constraints on substellar companion candidates from the re-reduced Hipparcos intermediate astrometric data: nine confirmed planets and two confirmed brown dwarfs".

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Udry, Stéphane; Bonfils, Xavier; Delfosse, Xavier; Forveille, Thierry; Mayor, Michel; Perrier, Christian; Bouchy, François; Lovis, Christophe; Pepe, Francesco; Queloz, Didier; Bertaux, Jean-Loup (2007).

369:: On July 10, using information obtained from the Hubble Space Telescope, a team of scientists led by Steinn Sigurðsson confirmed the oldest extrasolar planet yet. The planet is located in the globular 735:: Also on November 13, the discovery of three planets orbiting HR 8799 was announced. This was the first direct image of multiple planets. Christian Marois of the National Research Council of Canada's 5671: 5878: 7817: 7205: 7673: 815:

were discovered. These discoveries indicated that low-mass planets that orbit around nearby stars are very common. 61 Virginis is the first star like the Sun to host the super-Earth planets.

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have a relatively wide separation of 2.6 AU from its parent star. Due to that wide separation and due to the inherent dimness of the star, the planet is probably the coldest exoplanet known.

250:. It was suggested this observation may be caused by a stellar companion in a face-on orbit, rather than a planetary companion, but subsequent analysis confirms the planetary interpretation. 7936: 7367: 520:: This planet, announced on January 25, was detected using the gravitational microlensing method. It orbits a red dwarf star around 21,500 light years from Earth, toward the center of the 7232: 132:. The first evidence of an exoplanet was noted as early as 1917, but was not recognized as such until 2016; no planet discovery has yet come from that evidence. What turned out to be the 1148:

In November 2014, the Planet Hunters group discovered the exoplanet PH3 c. This exoplanet is 700 parsecs away from Earth, is a low density planet and is four times as massive as Earth.

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method. The team calculated that the planet could support liquid water and possibly life. However, subsequent habitability studies indicate that the planet likely suffers from a

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On 6 January 2015, NASA announced the 1000th confirmed exoplanet discovered by the Kepler Space Telescope. Three of the newly confirmed exoplanets were found to orbit within

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Wang, Ji; et al. (January 3, 2013). "Planet Hunters. V. A Confirmed Jupiter-Size Planet in the Habitable Zone and 42 Planet Candidates from the Kepler Archive Data".

207:, although subsequently it has been included in catalogues of extrasolar planets. It was found to be indeed a brown dwarf or red dwarf star (and not an exoplanet) in 2019. 5613:"Transit least-squares survey: III. A 1.9 R ⊕ transit candidate in the habitable zone of Kepler-160 and a nontransiting planet characterized by transit-timing variations" 7044: 7039: 1904: 7200: 6663: 784:

yet measured. Due to its extreme closeness to its parent star, it is believed to have a molten surface at a temperature of 1000–1500 °C. It was discovered by the

5714: 868:: On June 23, astronomers announced they have measured a superstorm for the first time in the atmosphere of HD 209458 b. The very high-precision observations done by 811:: On December 14, three planets (one is super-Earth and two are Neptune-mass planets) were discovered. Also, a super-Earth planet and two unconfirmed planets around 873: 5586: 6967: 2810:

S. Mohanty; R. Jayawardhana; N. Huelamo; E. Mamajek (2007). "The Planetary Mass Companion 2MASS 1207–3932B: Temperature, Mass, and Evidence for an Edge-on Disk".

4729:"Planet Hunters. VII. Discovery of a New Low-Mass, Low-Density Planet (PH3 C) Orbiting Kepler-289 with Mass Measurements of Two Additional Planets (PH3 B and D)" 449:). According to an early estimate, it has a mass 5 times that of Jupiter; other estimates give slightly lower masses. It was originally estimated to orbit at 55 7544: 1320: 923:

all orbit inside that of Mercury in the Solar System. It is believed that these planets formed out past the snow line and migrated into their current position.

4646: 780:. Although the planet orbits its star at a distance less than 0.02 AU, its diameter is estimated to be around 1.7 times that of Earth, making it the smallest 6090: 5321: 7951: 7668: 6938: 6521: 5802:"Rogue Rocky Planet Found Adrift in the Milky Way - The diminutive world and others like it could help astronomers probe the mysteries of planet formation" 4398: 213:: The first confirmed discovery of extrasolar planets was made in 1992 when a system of terrestrial-mass planets was announced to be present around the 821:: On December 16, a super-Earth planet was discovered by transit. The determination of density from mass and radius suggest that this planet may be an 697:

suggests that the planets experience relatively low tidal dissipation and hence are of primarily gaseous composition. All three were discovered by the

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pair within the Solar System in terms of mass ratio and orbital parameters. The presence of planets with such parameters has implications for possible

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instruments on telescopes at the European Southern Observatory in Chile, after signs of a planet orbiting Proxima Centauri were first found in 2013.

1125:. The exoplanets were found using a statistical technique called "verification by multiplicity". 95% of the discovered exoplanets were smaller than 5412: 7451: 4517: 1374:, receives only 38% more sunlight, and is expected to be a temperature suitable for liquid water to exist on the surface, if it has an atmosphere. 591: 547:

have masses of 10, 12 and 18 times that of Earth, respectively. The outermost planet, d, appears to be in the habitable zone, shepherding a thick

203:: This object has a minimum mass 11 times the mass of Jupiter and has an 89-day orbit. At the time of its discovery it was regarded as a probable 73: 44: 3185: 2785: 2756: 7407: 721:: On November 13, NASA and the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory announced the discovery of an extrasolar planet orbiting just inside the 3855: 7854: 7581: 7382: 7334: 7329: 7324: 7319: 7314: 7309: 7304: 7299: 7294: 7289: 7284: 7279: 7274: 7269: 7264: 6955: 3652: 1090:. The new exoplanets, which are considered prime candidates for possessing liquid water and thus potentially life, were identified using the 1255:

On 30 July 2015, NASA confirmed the discovery of the nearest rocky planet outside the Solar System, larger than Earth, 21 light-years away.

7064: 7054: 1252:, a near-Earth-size planet orbiting the habitable zone of a G2-type star, as well as eleven other "small habitable zone candidate planets". 3841: 7946: 7941: 7100: 7034: 6148: 1840: 1497:, in January 2020, scientists announced the discovery of TOI 700 d, the first Earth-sized planet in the habitable zone detected by TESS. 8083: 7586: 4460: 3898: 8072: 7444: 7392: 7242: 7049: 6926: 5083: 1338: 736: 7917: 7467: 7425: 7059: 5430: 4177:

Lissauer, Jack J.; et al. (3 February 2011). "A closely packed system of low-mass, low-density planets transiting Kepler-11".

1450:, a rocky planet which takes only five days to go once around its star, its surface temperature reaches 320 °F (160 °C). 610:, a senior astronomer with the SETI institute, stated that two unsuccessful searches had already been made for radio signals from 8111: 7514: 7120: 7110: 6598: 6025:

Peterson, Merrin S; Benneke, Björn; Collins, Karen; Piaulet, Caroline; Crossfield, Ian JM; Ali-Dib, Mohamad; et al. (2023).

2059: 2033: 673:: On March 20, follow-up studies to the first spectral analyses of an extrasolar planet were published in the scientific journal 5672:"Saturn-sized Planet Found in the Habitable Zone of Another Star. The First Planet Completely Discovered by Amateur Astronomers" 3239:

L. Jeremy Richardson; Drake Deming; Karen Horning; Sara Seager; Joseph Harrington (2007). "A spectrum of an extrasolar planet".

630:. It orbits its primary closely and is therefore quite hot, but stellar heating alone does not appear to explain its large size. 8041: 8031: 7956: 7708: 7539: 7195: 7146: 7069: 6974: 6950: 6921: 6908: 6211: 5946: 5801: 4949: 3436: 4094:

Ignas A. G. Snellen; et al. (2010). "The orbital motion, absolute mass and high-altitude winds of exoplanet HD 209458b".

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S. Sigurdsson; et al. (2003). "A Young White Dwarf Companion to Pulsar B1620-26: Evidence for Early Planet Formation".

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announced a planetary system with three super-Earths orbiting this K-type star. The planets have masses ranging from 4 to 9

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was announced. With a mass estimated at 7.5 times that of Earth, it may be rocky in composition. The planet orbits at 0.021

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B. Sato; et al. (2005). "The N2K Consortium II: A Transiting Hot Saturn around HD 149026 with a Large Dense Core".

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for NASA, using the Spitzer Space Telescope, announced the discovery of seven potentially habitable exoplanets orbiting

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Histogram of Exoplanets by size – the gold bars represent Kepler's latest newly verified exoplanets (February 26, 2014).

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Pineda, J. Sebastian; Villadsen, Jackie (April 2023). "Coherent radio bursts from known M-dwarf planet host YZ Ceti".

4900: 569: 5864: 5922: 5196: 4787: 305:; they orbit at 0.0595, 0.830, and 2.54 AU respectively. In 2007 their inclinations were determined as non-coplanar. 8051: 7880: 7190: 7185: 7175: 6933: 6593: 5342: 5248: 4969: 4844: 4656: 3545: 2153: 1648: 62: 959:

that could "potentially be habitable" was announced. The exoplanet was discovered by amateur astronomers from the

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were announced in 1989, consistent with a planet in a 2.5-year orbit. However, misclassification of the star as a

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instrument on the European Southern Observatory's 3.6-meter telescope to discover this exoplanet by means of the

479:: On March 22, two groups announced the first direct detection of light emitted by exoplanets, achieved with the 230:: In 1995 this became the first exoplanet orbiting a main-sequence star to have its existence confirmed. It is a 33:

Number of extrasolar planet discoveries per year through April 2018, with colors indicating method of detection:

5828: 602:, rendering the presence of liquid water impossible. These studies suggest that the third planet in the system, 7798: 7180: 7125: 6986: 6793: 6773: 6533: 6176: 4872: 4679: 2146:"The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets, XVIII. An Earth-mass planet in the GJ 581 planetary system" 1733: 1419:, using the PRL Advance Radial-velocity Abu-Sky Search (Paras) spectrograph integrated with a telescope at the 82: 20: 3539:

Selsis, Franck; Kasting, James F.; Levrard, Benjamin; Paillet, Jimmy; Ribas, Ignasi; Delfosse, Xavier (2007).

647:: On February 14, the discovery of a planetary system was announced that is the most similar one known to the 4406: 2088:

Kiefer, Flavien (17 October 2019). "Determining the mass of the planetary candidate HD 114762 b using Gaia".

8106: 7966: 7504: 7402: 7362: 7105: 7029: 6603: 6141: 5360: 480: 5587:"[VIDEO] TOI 700d : une planète de la taille de la Terre découverte dans une "zone habitable"" 8000: 7808: 7775: 7115: 6996: 6608: 6558: 3373:

Giovanna Tinetti; et al. (2007). "Water vapour in the atmosphere of a transiting extrasolar planet".

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announced that they had detected the atmosphere of HD 209458 b. They found the spectroscopic signature of

325: 243: 53: 6091:"Webb telescope discovers traces of water in atmosphere of exoplanet with mass of 10 Jupiters - CBS News" 4494: 3218: 1319:, the 1.3 Earth-mass exoplanet orbits within the star's habitable zone. The planet was discovered by the 483:. These studies permitted the direct study of the temperature and structure of the planetary atmospheres. 7084: 6728: 6628: 6462: 4291: 2760: 2599: 1534: 1048: 909: 408:

Infrared image of 2M1207 (bluish) and 2M1207b (reddish). The two objects are separated by less than one

404: 7734: 3731: 896:: On January 10, it was discovered after several months of data collection and was the first confirmed 29: 3681: 908:, and as a result is too hot to support life. Its existence was confirmed using measurements from the 412:

in Earth's sky. Image taken using the European Southern Observatory's 8.2 m Yepun Very Large Telescope

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composed of 75% water and 25% rock. Some of the water on this planet should be in the exotic form of

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from the brown dwarf. The brown dwarf is only 25 times as massive as Jupiter. The temperature of the

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Latham, David W.; et al. (1989). "The unseen companion of HD114762 – A probable brown dwarf".

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Animation showing exoplanets by year from 1991 until 2022 (March) with a total of 5005 discoveries.

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Walker, G.A.H. (2008). "The First High-Precision Radial Velocity Search for Extra-Solar Planets".

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exoplanet, has been considered by researchers to be one of the darkest exoplanets ever discovered.

104: 7961: 7900: 6761: 6708: 6678: 6638: 6553: 6253: 6134: 6072: 6007: 5981: 5782: 5754: 5743:"A terrestrial-mass rogue planet candidate detected in the shortest-timescale microlensing event" 5652: 5624: 5512: 5461: 5283: 5257: 5153: 5125: 4740: 4583: 4548: 4522: 4348: 4322: 4273: 4247: 4220: 4186: 4137: 4103: 4054: 3769: 3633: 3607: 3580: 3554: 3484: 3458: 3416: 3382: 3353: 3335: 3309: 3282: 3248: 3106: 3075: 3049: 3022: 2996: 2965: 2931: 2900: 2874: 2847: 2821: 2757:"Fourteen Times the Earth – ESO HARPS Instrument Discovers Smallest Ever Extra-Solar Planet" 2738: 2704: 2634: 2608: 2579: 2522: 2488: 2428: 2404: 2376: 2343: 2317: 2248: 2222: 2188: 2162: 2123: 2097: 2009: 1964: 1938: 1816: 1538: 1530: 1367: 1312: 964: 897: 847: 776:: On February 3, the European Space Agency announced the discovery of a planet orbiting the star 282: 237: 214: 5171: 4929:"NASA's Kepler Marks 1,000th Exoplanet Discovery, Uncovers More Small Worlds in Habitable Zones" 246:: In 1997 an exoplanet was discovered in a 39.8 day orbit with a minimum mass about the same as 148:

star was made in 1995, when a giant planet was found in a four-day orbit around the nearby star

5715:"A Rogue Earth-Mass Planet Has Been Discovered Freely Floating in the Milky Way Without a Star" 5221:"NASA Telescope Reveals Largest Batch of Earth-Size, Habitable-Zone Planets Around Single Star" 4434: 2865:

D. Charbonneau; et al. (2005). "Detection of Thermal Emission from an Extrasolar Planet".

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has been detected for the first time in the atmosphere of an exoplanet by scientists observing

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D. Charbonneau; et al. (2000). "Detection of Planetary Transits Across a Sun-like Star".

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by telescopes, but the vast majority have been detected through indirect methods, such as the

395:. The planet has a mass twice that of Jupiter, and is estimated to be 12.7 billion years old. 301:

were announced in 1996, 1999, and 1999 respectively. Their masses are 0.687, 1.97, and 3.93 M

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Winn, Joshua N.; et al. (27 April 2011). "A Super-Earth Transiting a Naked-Eye Star".

6878: 6673: 6573: 6497: 6487: 6266: 4706: 2455: 859: 336: 185: 4928: 2423: 435:. Depending on its composition, it is the first published "hot Neptune" or "super-Earth". 6042: 5995: 5768: 5526: 5139: 4754: 4597: 4336: 4261: 4200: 4117: 4024: 3783: 3396: 3323: 3262: 3120: 3063: 3010: 2945: 2888: 2835: 2718: 2669: 2622: 2557: 2502: 2390: 2283: 2236: 1997: 1952: 1879: 1804: 7728: 7633: 7606: 7561: 7478: 6738: 6733: 6583: 6538: 6447: 5719: 5246:

Bonfils, Xavier (2017). "A temperate exo-Earth around a quiet M dwarf at 3.4 parsecs".

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Noyes, Robert W.; et al. (1997). "A Planet Orbiting the Star ρ Coronae Borealis".

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C.J. Grillmair; et al. (2007). "A Spitzer Spectrum of the Exoplanet HD 189733b".

2067: 1835: 1758: 8100: 7718: 6868: 6543: 6482: 6437: 6376: 6371: 6346: 6281: 6271: 6261: 6076: 6011: 5786: 5656: 5019: 4352: 4344: 4141: 3945:"ESA Portal — COROT discovers smallest exoplanet yet, with a surface to walk on" 3488: 3079: 2399: 2362: 2252: 2127: 1453: 1272: 583: 548: 377: 353: 340: 286: 210: 145: 141: 91: 5287: 5157: 4990: 4277: 3944: 3637: 3598:

von Bloh, W.; et al. (2007). "The Habitability of Super-Earths in Gliese 581".

3584: 3492: 3339: 3026: 2904: 2851: 2742: 2638: 2597:

D. Charbonneau; et al. (2002). "Detection of an Extrasolar Planet Atmosphere".

2583: 2526: 2408: 2347: 1968: 1047:. Scientists claim the exoplanet, if confirmed, could be a "prime candidate to host 7713: 7663: 7019: 7004: 6898: 6888: 6780: 6703: 6472: 6452: 6442: 6340: 6276: 5088: 5048:"The strange star that has serious scientists talking about an alien megastructure" 4680:"Population of Known Alien Planets Nearly Doubles as NASA Discovers 715 New Worlds" 4224: 4058: 3420: 3286: 3095:"Discovery of a cool planet of 5.5 Earth masses through gravitational microlensing" 2969: 2192: 2013: 1820: 1696: 1542: 1488: 1040: 901: 822: 794: 689: 617: 607: 603: 579: 488: 432: 370: 253: 189: 129: 5639: 5612: 5484: 5449: 5279: 3919: 3807: 3437:"The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets XI. Super-Earths (5 and 8 2339: 2196: 2184: 2119: 112: 3629: 3576: 3480: 2450: 1706:

On June 12, 2023, scientists discovered BEBOP-1c orbiting the binary star system

833:, which is used to look for transits of super-Earth planets crossing the face of 6945: 6893: 6838: 6833: 6723: 6718: 6688: 6658: 6653: 6613: 6568: 6563: 6492: 6477: 6467: 6412: 6356: 6351: 6317: 6302: 6297: 6291: 3540: 1960: 1791:; Frail, D. A. (1992). "A planetary system around the millisecond pulsar Lich". 1685: 1681: 1615: 1559: 1520: 1461: 1437: 1395: 1264: 1256: 1249: 1241: 1233: 1217: 1213: 1209: 1205: 1160: 1016: 926: 865: 834: 804: 781: 722: 718: 670: 565: 561: 504: 442: 424:

with a mass of approximately 14 times that of the Earth was discovered with the

392: 384: 321: 308: 231: 227: 204: 200: 6050: 6003: 5777: 5742: 5535: 5500: 6916: 6683: 6457: 6381: 6307: 6286: 4605: 4544: 1662: 1504: 1500: 1447: 1351:

is a confirmed Earth-sized exoplanet, likely rocky, orbiting within the inner

1348: 1342: 1237: 1229: 1225: 1179: 1175: 1156: 1114: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1063: 993: 893: 693: 627: 544: 540: 536: 492: 476: 409: 261: 193: 5648: 5544: 5061: 4772: 4613: 3138: 2786:"Astronomers Confirm the First Image of a Planet Outside of Our Solar System" 2268:"Preliminary Astrometric Masses for Proposed Extrasolar Planetary Companions" 7871: 7688: 7658: 7483: 7436: 6873: 6863: 6366: 6361: 6327: 6312: 6201: 6115: 5326: 4684: 4438: 4376: 3518: 3358: 3160: 2726: 2038: 1670: 1652: 1611: 1546: 1516: 1510: 1494: 1474: 1405: 1391: 1356: 1286: 1170: 1087: 1083: 1005: 915: 905: 818: 726: 521: 454: 417: 373: 257: 165: 149: 121: 6068: 6026: 5148: 5111: 4631: 4216: 4133: 4050: 3412: 3278: 3146: 2961: 2734: 2575: 2518: 343:, an orange giant. This provides evidence for the survival and behavior of 7740: 6111:"New Tatooine-like exoplanet discovered orbiting twin suns. Meet BEBOP-1c" 5560:"Earth-Size, Habitable-Zone Planet Found Hidden in Early NASA Kepler Data" 5172:"Found! Potentially Earth-Like Planet at Proxima Centauri Is Closest Ever" 4155: 4072: 4008: 1263:

In September 2015, astronomers reported the unusual light fluctuations of

7611: 7529: 6883: 6756: 6095: 6027:"A temperate Earth-sized planet with tidal heating transiting an M6 star" 5346: 3966:"New discoveries suggest low-mass planets are common around nearby stars" 3314: 3253: 3111: 3054: 3001: 2936: 2879: 2826: 2709: 2613: 2493: 2227: 1707: 1692: 1433: 1359: 1311:

On August 24, 2016, the Pale Red Dot campaign announced the discovery of

1294: 1220:. Similar confirmed small exoplanets in habitable zones found earlier by 1183: 1100: 880: 853: 773: 685: 664: 659:

in a solar system as Jupiter and Saturn have a stabilizing effect to the

528: 446: 438: 380: 272:. More planets have subsequently been discovered even closer to the star. 4208: 4125: 4032: 3404: 3270: 3129: 3094: 2953: 1513:, the first exoplanet candidate fully discovered by amateur astronomers. 1113:

On 26 February 2014, NASA announced the discovery of 715 newly verified

462:

was found around 2M1207, providing evidence for active planet formation.

289:

star. It contains three planets, all of which are Jupiter-like. Planets

7601: 7596: 7549: 6768: 6059: 4545:"NASA's Kepler Discovers Its Smallest 'Habitable Zone' Planets to Date" 4487:"NASA's Kepler Discovers Its Smallest 'Habitable Zone' Planets to Date" 4464: 2654:"Discovery of a Substellar Companion to the K2 III Giant Iota Draconis" 1666: 1626: 1570: 1457: 1385: 1126: 826: 812: 808: 777: 732: 648: 532: 421: 247: 5450:"A possibly inflated planet around the bright young star DS Tucanae A" 4041: 4009:"A transiting giant planet with a temperature between 250 K and 430 K" 3987:"Astronomers find super-Earth using amateur, off-the-shelf technology" 1607:

announces that they have discovered their 5000th exoplanet since 1992.

7971: 7862: 7571: 7079: 6407: 6231: 6166: 5829:"THYME project discovers a sub-Neptune exoplanet orbiting young star" 2788:(Press release). European Space Agency. 30 April 2005. Archived from 2005: 1812: 1524: 1401: 1289:. Various explanations have been presented, including those based on 1044: 979: 748: 652: 623: 472: 388: 329: 138: 125: 4828: 4811: 2919: 1669:, which may be associated with interaction of the innermost planet, 1618:

exoplanet, is discovered. The exoplanet is 37 light years away from

974:

and confirmed, with 99.9 percent confidence, by observations at the

904:

by the Kepler Space Telescope. It lies extremely close to its star,

5986: 5759: 5629: 5517: 5466: 5262: 5130: 4927:

Clavin, Whitney; Chou, Felicia; Johnson, Michele (6 January 2015).

4873:"Astronomers Discover Transiting Exoplanet with Longest Known Year" 4588: 3331: 3188:(Press release). European Space Agency. 18 May 2006. Archived from 3071: 3018: 2896: 2843: 2678: 2653: 2630: 2566: 2541: 2510: 2381: 2292: 2267: 2244: 2102: 1888: 1863: 801:

June 2002 and August 2009, during which 17 planets were discovered.

7909: 7792: 7784: 7576: 5413:"Newly uncovered super-Earth 31 light-years away may be habitable" 5116: 4745: 4647:"NASA's Kepler Mission Announces a Planet Bonanza, 715 New Worlds" 4327: 4252: 4191: 4108: 3774: 3612: 3559: 3463: 3387: 2322: 2167: 1943: 1634: 1619: 1590: 1578: 1371: 1290: 1142: 1134: 1118: 1059: 1020: 952: 788: 706: 698: 599: 587: 429: 403: 111: 103: 28: 5386:"Exoplanet find that put India in select league – Times of India" 5343:"Helium Discovered In Atmosphere Of Exoplanet For The First Time" 4901:"RELEASE 14-197 – Hubble Finds Three Surprisingly Dry Exoplanets" 7994: 5564: 5306: 5024: 4995: 4954: 4933: 4905: 4877: 4849: 4651: 4490: 4402: 1763: 1700: 1604: 1482: 1416: 1201: 1055: 1028: 785: 656: 285:: The first multiple-planetary system to be discovered around a 7440: 6130: 5901:"Scientists spot baby alien planet that might be forming moons" 5558:

Chou, Felicia; Hawkes, Alison; Cofield, Calla (15 April 2020).

4950:"NASA's Kepler Mission Discovers Bigger, Older Cousin to Earth" 4572:"Nightside condensation of iron in an ultrahot giant exoplanet" 3758:"The HD 40307 Planetary System: Super-Earths or Mini-Neptunes?" 983: 987: 869: 269: 6126: 5431:"Discovery Alert: Rocky Planet Swelters Under Three Red Suns" 5361:"Discovery of a Sub-Saturn Exoplanet around a Sun-like star" 3211:"NASA's Spitzer First To Crack Open Light of Faraway Worlds" 1684:, a planet likely tidally heated by the nearby mini-Neptune 383:. This is one of only a few planets known to orbit around a 35: 4399:"NASA'S Kepler Mission Discovers 461 New Planet Candidates" 256:: In 1998, the first planet was found that orbits around a 5847:"First measurement of isotopes in atmosphere of exoplanet" 1388:

may fall into the habitable zone and support liquid water.

7368:

Exoplanetary Circumstellar Environments and Disk Explorer

5501:"LHS 1815b: The First Thick-disk Planet Detected by TESS" 5197:"New earth-like exoplanets discovery 'best bet' for life" 3874:"Hubble Directly Observes a Planet Orbiting Another Star" 3514:"Major Discovery: New Planet Could Harbor Water and Life" 491:: On June 13, a third planet orbiting the red dwarf star 445:. The planet is also the first to be directly imaged (in 1864:"A search for substellar companions to solar-type stars" 1629:-sized exoplanet in AS 209 system is discovered via the 5303:"A super-Earth around a red star could be wet and wild" 4845:"The Most Precise Measurement of an Alien World's Size" 4645:

Johnson, Michele; Harrington, J.D. (26 February 2014).

4397:

Harrington, J. D.; Johnson, Michele (January 7, 2013).

3899:"Three planets directly observed orbiting distant star" 2451:"Multiple planets discovered around Upsilon Andromedae" 2424:"New Planet Detected Around a Star 15 Light Years Away" 1905:"A Planetary Companion to the Binary Star Gamma Cephei" 1759:"Overlooked Treasure: The First Evidence of Exoplanets" 1691:

The James Webb telescope discovers a trace of water on

1337:

On 22 February 2017, several scientists working at the

1151:

In July, 2014, NASA announced the determination of the

1000:): On 7 January 2013, the discovery of an unconfirmed ( 955:: On 3 January 2013, the discovery of a "Jupiter-size" 2266:

Han, Inwoo; Black, David C.; Gatewood, George (2001).

1680:

on May 17, 2023, indicates the discovery of exoplanet

1464:, it takes 8.1 days to complete one orbit of its star. 4991:"PIA19832: Location of Nearest Rocky Exoplanet Known" 3856:"From afar, the first optical photos of an exoplanet" 1577:, an exoplanet located 300 light-years away from the 982:. PH2 b is the second confirmed planet discovered by 4485:

Johnson, Michele; Harrington, J.D. (18 April 2013).

3732:"Key Organic Molecule Detected at Extrasolar Planet" 1370:

is closer. The planet is only 35% more massive than

1163:) that has the longest known year (704 days) of any 339:: The first planet discovered around the giant star 144:. The first confirmation of an exoplanet orbiting a 8024: 7980: 7929: 7892: 7837: 7755: 7748: 7492: 7345: 7134: 7093: 6995: 6907: 6814: 6747: 6520: 6400: 6326: 6252: 6239: 6194: 5112:"Planet Hunters IX. KIC 8462852- Where's the flux?" 1366:found, at a distance of about 11 light-years; only 1212:, are near-Earth-size and likely rocky; the third, 1141:where surface temperatures are suitable for liquid 5696:"'Extreme' exoplanet found orbiting hot blue star" 1734:"Cosmic Milestone: NASA Confirms 5,000 Exoplanets" 176:. This is a list of the most notable discoveries. 16:Detecting planets located outside the Solar System 7045:Habitability of K-type main-sequence star systems 7040:Habitability of F-type main-sequence star systems 5110:Boyajian, T.S.; et al. (14 September 2015). 5020:"NASA's Spitzer Confirms Closest Rocky Exoplanet" 4970:"NASA's Spitzer Confirms Closest Rocky Exoplanet" 4948:Johnson, Michelle; Chou, Felicia (23 July 2015). 4428: 4426: 4424: 4366: 4364: 4362: 4308: 4306: 2361:Fulton, Benjamin J.; et al. (October 2016). 1862:Campbell, B.; Walker, G. A. H.; Yang, S. (1988). 1315:. Orbiting the closest star to the solar system, 1008:was announced by astronomers affiliated with the 6664:List of interstellar and circumstellar molecules 5741:Mroz, Przemek; et al. (29 September 2020). 3653:"Hot "ice" may cover recently discovered planet" 2363:"Three Temperate Neptunes Orbiting Nearby Stars" 1491:, an Earth-size exoplanet in the habitable zone. 164:. As of 24 July 2024, there are 7,026 confirmed 5018:Chou, Felicia; Clavin, Whitney (30 July 2015). 4899:Harrington, J.D.; Villard, Ray (24 July 2014). 4518:"2 Good Places to Live, 1,200 Light-Years Away" 4373:"Amateur Astronomers Discover 42 Alien Planets" 3892: 3890: 1688:potentially producing volcanoes on its surface. 1562:, a sub-Neptune exoplanet that orbits the star 2920:"Infrared Radiation from an Extrasolar Planet" 1651:reported the discovery of its first exoplanet 1155:so far attained for the size of an exoplanet ( 7452: 6142: 4570:Ehrenreich, David; et al. (2020-04-30). 4435:"Most Earth-Like Alien Planet Possibly Found" 188:: The radial velocity variations of the star 8: 4707:"Kepler telescope bags huge haul of planets" 1545:being more than 8 AU from any star, in 376:, about 5,600 light years from Earth in the 3834:"Astronomers verify directly imaged planet" 3541:"Habitable planets around the star Gl 581?" 3217:(Press release). 2007-02-21. Archived from 1783: 1781: 1657:On April 3, 2023, a study published by the 7752: 7459: 7445: 7437: 6249: 6149: 6135: 6127: 5923:"NASA's Webb Confirms Its First Exoplanet" 5865:"NASA's exoplanet count surges past 5,000" 3354:"'Clear Signs of Water' on Distant Planet" 1581:constellation. The discovery was made via 918:: On February 3, astronomers using NASA's 6207:Exoplanet orbital and physical parameters 6058: 5985: 5776: 5758: 5638: 5628: 5534: 5516: 5483: 5465: 5261: 5147: 5129: 4827: 4762: 4744: 4621: 4587: 4326: 4251: 4190: 4107: 4040: 3791: 3773: 3611: 3558: 3462: 3386: 3313: 3252: 3128: 3110: 3053: 3000: 2987:Planet Orbiting the Nearby Star GJ 876". 2983:E.J. Rivera; et al. (2005). "A 7.5 M 2935: 2878: 2825: 2708: 2677: 2612: 2565: 2492: 2398: 2380: 2321: 2291: 2226: 2166: 2101: 1942: 1887: 1836:"Interactive Extra-solar Planets Catalog" 872:’s Very Large Telescope and its powerful 829:. This is the first planet discovered by 7075:List of potentially habitable exoplanets 5499:Gan, Tianjun; et al. (2020-03-18). 5084:"The Most Mysterious Star in Our Galaxy" 4788:"A New Paper and New Planet Discoveries" 3756:Barnes, Rory; et al. (2009-01-13). 2139: 2137: 1436:, a planet which is considered to be a " 1724: 1362:. It is the second-closest potentially 5320:Lozovschi, Alexandra (23 April 2018). 4371:Howell, Elizabeth (January 13, 2013). 3507: 3505: 1757:Landau, Elizabeth (12 November 2017). 387:; one of the stars in the binary is a 7383:Geodynamics of terrestrial exoplanets 5800:Redd, Nola Taylor (19 October 2020). 4156:"Richest Planetary System Discovered" 3093:Beaulieu, J.-P.; et al. (2006). 1569:Scientists announce the discovery of 1411:On 7 June, scientists working at the 1058:announced the discovery of three new 7: 8079: 7065:Habitability of yellow dwarf systems 7055:Habitability of neutron star systems 4433:Moskowitz, Clara (January 9, 2013). 3682:"Largest Known Exoplanet Discovered" 1738:NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) 1710:. The findings were detailed in the 1503:, a planet in the habitable zone of 900:to have been discovered outside the 531:: Has a planetary system with three 7408:Sudarsky's gas giant classification 7035:Habitability of binary star systems 5947:"Webb confirms its first exoplanet" 4461:"NASA Exoplanet Archive-KOI-172.02" 3920:"Exoplanets finally come into view" 3808:"Trio of 'super-Earths' discovered" 2542:"A Transiting "51 Peg-like" Planet" 2449:B. Edgar; M. Watzke; C. Rasmussen. 2144:Mayor, Michel; et al. (2009). 1903:Cochran, W.D.; et al. (2002). 1841:The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopedia 1133:, were less than 2 1/2 the size of 7393:Nexus for Exoplanet System Science 7050:Habitability of natural satellites 5611:Heller, René; et al. (2020). 5082:Andersen, Ross (13 October 2015). 1477:, a thick-disk planet outside the 1339:California Institute of Technology 1159:); the discovery of an exoplanet ( 1043:could exist on the surface of the 1019:, has a radius 1.54 times that of 737:Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics 606:, is more likely to be habitable. 441:: The first planet found around a 14: 7918:Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope 7060:Habitability of red dwarf systems 5046:Kaplan, Sarah (15 October 2015). 4871:Johnson, Michele (21 July 2014). 4812:"Amateurs spot unusual exoplanet" 4516:Overbye, Dennis (18 April 2013). 4007:Deeg, H. J.; et al. (2010). 3858:. AFP. 2008-11-13. Archived from 3186:"Trio of Neptunes and their belt" 1699:. The statement was announced by 1661:discovers bursts of radiation in 264:). It is closer to its star than 8078: 8067: 8066: 7739: 7733: 7727: 7157:Stars with proto-planetary discs 7121:NASA Star and Exoplanet Database 7111:Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia 6599:Extraterrestrial sample curation 6230: 5899:Howell, Elizabeth (1970-01-01). 5411:Falconer, Rebecca (2019-08-01). 5341:Georgiou, Aristos (3 May 2018). 4843:Claven, Whitney (23 July 2014). 4727:Schmitt JR, et al. (2014). 3161:"Kiwis help discover new planet" 2763:. 25 August 2004. Archived from 2540:G.W. Henry; et al. (2000). 2034:Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia 1082:of their respective host stars, 8042:Habitable zone for complex life 7957:Nautilus Deep Space Observatory 7070:Habitable zone for complex life 6508:Ultra-short period planet (USP) 6212:Methods of detecting exoplanets 5448:Benatti S, et al. (2019). 4678:Wall, Mike (26 February 2014). 4551:from the original on 2021-12-21 2918:D. Deming; et al. (2005). 582:: A team of astronomers led by 420:: In August, a planet orbiting 7251:Discovered exoplanets by year 5713:Gough, Evan (1 October 2020). 4073:"Exoplanet Caught on the Move" 3707:"Solar System Like Ours Found" 2652:S. Frink; et al. (2002). 1631:Atacama Large Millimeter Array 1460:-like exoplanet that orbits a 1421:Mount Abu InfraRed Observatory 133: 1: 7378:Extrasolar planets in fiction 7025:Extraterrestrial liquid water 5670:Andy Tomaswick (2020-07-28). 5301:Mack, Eric (March 13, 2018). 3302:Astrophysical Journal Letters 2546:Astrophysical Journal Letters 2480:Astrophysical Journal Letters 2422:J.N. Wilford (26 June 1998). 1625:On August 9, 2022, a newborn 612:extraterrestrial intelligence 426:European Southern Observatory 8007:Space Interferometry Mission 7398:Planets in globular clusters 7015:Circumstellar habitable zone 5921:Adkins, Jamie (2023-01-09). 5617:Astronomy & Astrophysics 5454:Astronomy & Astrophysics 3793:10.1088/0004-637X/695/2/1006 3600:Astronomy & Astrophysics 3451:Astronomy & Astrophysics 2310:Astronomy & Astrophysics 2090:Astronomy & Astrophysics 1442:circumstellar habitable zone 1413:Physical Research Laboratory 677:, announcing evidence of an 152:. Some exoplanets have been 7358:Exoplanet naming convention 6468:Planet/Brown dwarf boundary 5640:10.1051/0004-6361/201936929 5485:10.1051/0004-6361/201935598 5280:10.1051/0004-6361/201731973 4764:10.1088/0004-637x/795/2/167 4270:10.1088/2041-8205/737/1/L18 3989:. Astronomy.com. 2009-12-16 3968:. Astronomy.com. 2009-12-14 2340:10.1051/0004-6361/201015861 2185:10.1051/0004-6361/200912172 2120:10.1051/0004-6361/201936942 1961:10.1016/j.newar.2011.06.001 1167:found so far; and, finding 570:Goddard Space Flight Center 499:with a period of 1.94 days. 174:having more than one planet 8128: 7881:James Webb Space Telescope 6594:Extraterrestrial materials 6228: 6051:10.1038/s41586-023-05934-8 6004:10.1038/s41550-023-01914-0 5881:. Dnaindia.com. 2022-08-07 5249:Astronomy and Astrophysics 4547:. YouTube. 18 April 2013. 4345:10.1088/0004-637x/776/1/10 3897:John Timmer (2008-11-13). 3832:Kruesi, Liz (2010-06-22). 3651:Fox, Maggie (2007-05-16). 3630:10.1051/0004-6361:20077939 3577:10.1051/0004-6361:20078091 3546:Astronomy and Astrophysics 3481:10.1051/0004-6361:20077612 2400:10.3847/0004-637X/830/1/46 2154:Astronomy and Astrophysics 2029:"Notes for star HD 114762" 1649:James Webb Space Telescope 1186:) orbiting sun-like stars. 1015:. The candidate object, a 18: 8062: 8037:Discoveries of exoplanets 8012:Terrestrial Planet Finder 7725: 7474: 7468:Exoplanet search projects 7421:Discoveries of exoplanets 7416: 6624:Interplanetary dust cloud 6162: 5747:The Astrophysical Journal 4733:The Astrophysical Journal 4606:10.1038/s41586-020-2107-1 4315:The Astrophysical Journal 4240:The Astrophysical Journal 2813:The Astrophysical Journal 2368:The Astrophysical Journal 2272:The Astrophysical Journal 1868:The Astrophysical Journal 1647:On January 11, 2023, the 1269:F-type main-sequence star 1078:(now confirmed) – in the 1002:Kepler Object of Interest 614:in the Gliese 581 system. 596:runaway greenhouse effect 124:(extrasolar planet) is a 7126:Open Exoplanet Catalogue 7101:Nearby Habitable Systems 6987:Transit-timing variation 5778:10.3847/2041-8213/abbfad 5536:10.3847/1538-3881/ab775a 5505:The Astronomical Journal 2926:(Submitted manuscript). 2064:Exoplanets Data Explorer 1153:most precise measurement 667:from the habitable zone. 324:: Astronomers using the 21:List of exoplanet firsts 8112:Observational astronomy 7403:Small planet radius gap 7106:Exoplanet Data Explorer 7030:Galactic habitable zone 6604:Giant-impact hypothesis 5476:2019A&A...630A..81B 5272:2018A&A...613A..25B 3622:2007A&A...476.1365V 3569:2007A&A...476.1373S 3512:Ker Than (2007-04-24). 3473:2007A&A...469L..43U 3444:) in a 3-planet system" 2727:10.1126/science.1086326 2332:2011A&A...527A.140R 2177:2009A&A...507..487M 2112:2019A&A...632L...9K 663:by sweeping away large 481:Spitzer Space Telescope 7363:Exoplanet phase curves 7201:Terrestrial candidates 7152:Multiplanetary systems 7116:NASA Exoplanet Archive 6799:Mean-motion resonances 6609:Gravitational collapse 6559:Circumstellar envelope 1285:, while searching for 1123:Kepler Space Telescope 976:W. M. Keck Observatory 739:and his team used the 574:Spitzer Science Center 413: 326:Hubble Space Telescope 244:Rho Coronae Borealis b 162:radial-velocity method 117: 109: 101: 7238:Potentially habitable 7143:Exoplanetary systems 7085:Superhabitable planet 6844:F/Yellow-white dwarfs 6729:Sample-return mission 6629:Interplanetary medium 4294:, 17th October 2012, 3947:. Esa.int. 2009-02-03 3762:Astrophysical Journal 3042:Astrophysical Journal 2989:Astrophysical Journal 2867:Astrophysical Journal 2761:European Space Agency 2658:Astrophysical Journal 2600:Astrophysical Journal 2215:Astrophysical Journal 1931:New Astronomy Reviews 1676:A study published by 1535:gravitational lensing 1278:, as detected by the 1174:on three exoplanets ( 910:W.M. Keck Observatory 713:1RXS J160929.1−210524 407: 234:with a 4.2-day orbit. 115: 107: 32: 7373:Extragalactic planet 7353:Carl Sagan Institute 6634:Interplanetary space 6549:Circumplanetary disk 6222:Planet-hosting stars 5702:. 28 September 2020. 5149:10.1093/mnras/stw218 3926:. London. 2008-11-13 3814:. London. 2008-06-16 1587:Very Large Telescope 1204:: two of the three, 1129:and four, including 967:using data from the 725:of the A-class star 172:, with 1007 systems 128:located outside the 8047:Lists of exoplanets 7818:detected exoplanets 6714:Protoplanetary disk 6694:Planetary migration 6649:Interstellar medium 6428:Circumtriple planet 6423:Circumbinary planet 6043:2023Natur.617..701P 5996:2023NatAs...7..569P 5835:. 17 February 2021. 5807:Scientific American 5769:2020ApJ...903L..11M 5527:2020AJ....159..160G 5140:2016MNRAS.457.3988B 5053:The Washington Post 4822:(7526): 167. 2014. 4755:2014ApJ...795..167S 4598:2020Natur.580..597E 4337:2013ApJ...776...10W 4262:2011ApJ...737L..18W 4209:10.1038/nature09760 4201:2011Natur.470...53L 4126:10.1038/nature09111 4118:2010Natur.465.1049S 4102:(7301): 1049–1051. 4033:10.1038/nature08856 4025:2010Natur.464..384D 3784:2009ApJ...695.1006B 3498:on October 8, 2010. 3405:10.1038/nature06002 3397:2007Natur.448..169T 3324:2007ApJ...658L.115G 3271:10.1038/nature05636 3263:2007Natur.445..892R 3215:spitzer.caltech.edu 3130:10.1038/nature04441 3121:2006Natur.439..437B 3064:2005ApJ...633..465S 3011:2005ApJ...634..625R 2954:10.1038/nature03507 2946:2005Natur.434..740D 2889:2005ApJ...626..523C 2836:2007ApJ...657.1064M 2719:2003Sci...301..193S 2670:2002ApJ...576..478F 2623:2002ApJ...568..377C 2558:2000ApJ...529L..41H 2503:2000ApJ...529L..45C 2391:2016ApJ...830...46F 2284:2001ApJ...548L..57H 2237:1997ApJ...483L.111N 1998:1989Natur.339...38L 1953:2012NewAR..56....9W 1880:1988ApJ...331..902C 1805:1992Natur.355..145W 1610:On August 3, 2022, 1603:On March 21, 2022, 1444:of its parent star. 1384:Analyses show that 1364:habitable exoplanet 965:amateur astronomers 874:CRIRES spectrograph 645:OGLE-2006-BLG-109Lc 641:OGLE-2006-BLG-109Lb 518:OGLE-2005-BLG-390Lb 391:and the other is a 25:Lists of exoplanets 7962:New Worlds Mission 6679:Nebular hypothesis 6654:Interstellar space 6639:Interstellar cloud 6619:Internal structure 6554:Circumstellar disc 5390:The Times of India 5227:. NASA. 2017-02-22 4786:Meg (2014-10-30). 4523:The New York Times 3838:Astronomy.com blog 2429:The New York Times 1695:with a mass of 10 1531:OGLE-2016-BLG-1928 1527:in September 2020. 1368:Proxima Centauri b 1299:alien civilization 1054:On 18 April 2013, 1027:orbits a sun-like 898:terrestrial planet 848:47 Ursae Majoris d 682:extrasolar planet. 414: 283:Upsilon Andromedae 238:47 Ursae Majoris b 215:millisecond pulsar 118: 110: 102: 8094: 8093: 8032:Detection methods 8020: 8019: 7434: 7433: 7010:Astrooceanography 6644:Interstellar dust 6516: 6515: 6392:Ultra-hot Neptune 6387:Ultra-hot Jupiter 6336:Eccentric Jupiter 6186:Planetary science 6037:(7962): 701–705. 5437:. 20 August 2019. 5201:www.aljazeera.com 4582:(7805): 597–601. 4290:Xavier Dumusque, 4019:(7287): 384–387. 3844:on June 30, 2010. 3167:. 26 January 2006 3105:(7075): 437–440. 2930:(7034): 740–743. 2759:(Press release). 2703:(5630): 193–196. 2041:on March 12, 2007 1799:(6356): 145–147. 1665:wavelengths from 1541:strong candidate 1533:, found by brief 1297:, as well as, an 1165:transiting planet 1095:space observatory 1013:space observatory 986:(the first being 984:PlanetHunters.org 972:space observatory 957:extrasolar planet 940:Alpha Centauri Bb 759:at 38 AU, and 5 M 745:Gemini telescopes 345:planetary systems 170:planetary systems 99: 98: 8119: 8082: 8081: 8070: 8069: 7922: 7914: 7906: 7885: 7877: 7867: 7859: 7851: 7830: 7820: 7813: 7805: 7802: 7789: 7781: 7778: 7767: 7753: 7743: 7737: 7731: 7535:FINDS Exo-Earths 7461: 7454: 7447: 7438: 7388:Neptunian desert 6774:Tidally detached 6709:Planet formation 6699:Planetary system 6589:Exozodiacal dust 6579:Disrupted planet 6503:Ultra-cool dwarf 6433:Disrupted planet 6418:Chthonian planet 6250: 6234: 6217:Planetary system 6151: 6144: 6137: 6128: 6121: 6120: 6107: 6101: 6100: 6087: 6081: 6080: 6062: 6022: 6016: 6015: 5989: 5973:Nature Astronomy 5967: 5961: 5960: 5958: 5957: 5943: 5937: 5936: 5934: 5933: 5918: 5912: 5911: 5909: 5908: 5896: 5890: 5889: 5887: 5886: 5875: 5869: 5868: 5867:. 22 March 2022. 5861: 5855: 5854: 5843: 5837: 5836: 5825: 5819: 5818: 5816: 5814: 5797: 5791: 5790: 5780: 5762: 5738: 5732: 5731: 5729: 5727: 5710: 5704: 5703: 5692: 5686: 5685: 5683: 5682: 5667: 5661: 5660: 5642: 5632: 5608: 5602: 5601: 5599: 5598: 5583: 5577: 5576: 5574: 5572: 5555: 5549: 5548: 5538: 5520: 5496: 5490: 5489: 5487: 5469: 5445: 5439: 5438: 5427: 5421: 5420: 5408: 5402: 5401: 5399: 5397: 5382: 5376: 5375: 5373: 5371: 5357: 5351: 5350: 5338: 5332: 5331: 5317: 5311: 5310: 5298: 5292: 5291: 5265: 5243: 5237: 5236: 5234: 5232: 5217: 5211: 5210: 5208: 5207: 5193: 5187: 5186: 5184: 5183: 5178:. 24 August 2016 5168: 5162: 5161: 5151: 5133: 5107: 5101: 5100: 5098: 5096: 5079: 5073: 5072: 5070: 5068: 5043: 5037: 5036: 5034: 5032: 5015: 5009: 5008: 5006: 5004: 4987: 4981: 4980: 4978: 4977: 4966: 4960: 4959: 4945: 4939: 4938: 4924: 4918: 4917: 4915: 4913: 4896: 4890: 4889: 4887: 4885: 4868: 4862: 4861: 4859: 4857: 4840: 4834: 4833: 4831: 4808: 4802: 4801: 4799: 4798: 4783: 4777: 4776: 4766: 4748: 4724: 4718: 4717: 4715: 4713: 4703: 4697: 4696: 4694: 4692: 4675: 4669: 4668: 4666: 4664: 4655:. Archived from 4642: 4636: 4635: 4625: 4591: 4567: 4561: 4560: 4558: 4556: 4541: 4535: 4534: 4532: 4530: 4513: 4507: 4506: 4504: 4502: 4493:. Archived from 4482: 4476: 4475: 4473: 4471: 4456: 4450: 4449: 4447: 4445: 4430: 4419: 4418: 4416: 4414: 4405:. Archived from 4394: 4388: 4387: 4385: 4383: 4368: 4357: 4356: 4330: 4310: 4301: 4292:published online 4288: 4282: 4281: 4255: 4235: 4229: 4228: 4194: 4174: 4168: 4167: 4165: 4163: 4152: 4146: 4145: 4111: 4091: 4085: 4084: 4082: 4080: 4069: 4063: 4062: 4044: 4004: 3998: 3997: 3995: 3994: 3983: 3977: 3976: 3974: 3973: 3962: 3956: 3955: 3953: 3952: 3941: 3935: 3934: 3932: 3931: 3916: 3910: 3909: 3907: 3905: 3894: 3885: 3884: 3882: 3880: 3870: 3864: 3863: 3852: 3846: 3845: 3840:. Archived from 3829: 3823: 3822: 3820: 3819: 3804: 3798: 3797: 3795: 3777: 3768:(2): 1006–1011. 3753: 3747: 3746: 3744: 3743: 3728: 3722: 3721: 3719: 3718: 3703: 3697: 3696: 3694: 3693: 3678: 3672: 3671: 3669: 3668: 3659:. Archived from 3648: 3642: 3641: 3615: 3606:(3): 1365–1371. 3595: 3589: 3588: 3562: 3553:(3): 1373–1387. 3536: 3530: 3529: 3527: 3526: 3509: 3500: 3499: 3497: 3491:. Archived from 3466: 3448: 3431: 3425: 3424: 3390: 3381:(7150): 169–71. 3370: 3364: 3363: 3350: 3344: 3343: 3317: 3315:astro-ph/0702494 3297: 3291: 3290: 3256: 3254:astro-ph/0702507 3236: 3230: 3229: 3227: 3226: 3207: 3201: 3200: 3198: 3197: 3182: 3176: 3175: 3173: 3172: 3157: 3151: 3150: 3132: 3114: 3112:astro-ph/0601563 3090: 3084: 3083: 3057: 3055:astro-ph/0507009 3037: 3031: 3030: 3004: 3002:astro-ph/0510508 2980: 2974: 2973: 2939: 2937:astro-ph/0503554 2915: 2909: 2908: 2882: 2880:astro-ph/0503457 2862: 2856: 2855: 2829: 2827:astro-ph/0610550 2820:(2): 1064–1091. 2807: 2801: 2800: 2798: 2797: 2792:on 6 August 2009 2782: 2776: 2775: 2773: 2772: 2753: 2747: 2746: 2712: 2710:astro-ph/0307339 2690: 2684: 2683: 2681: 2649: 2643: 2642: 2616: 2614:astro-ph/0111544 2594: 2588: 2587: 2569: 2537: 2531: 2530: 2496: 2494:astro-ph/9911436 2474: 2468: 2467: 2465: 2464: 2446: 2440: 2439: 2437: 2436: 2419: 2413: 2412: 2402: 2384: 2358: 2352: 2351: 2325: 2304: 2298: 2297: 2295: 2263: 2257: 2256: 2230: 2228:astro-ph/9704248 2221:(2): L111–L114. 2210: 2204: 2203: 2201: 2195:. Archived from 2170: 2150: 2141: 2132: 2131: 2105: 2085: 2079: 2078: 2076: 2075: 2066:. Archived from 2056: 2050: 2049: 2047: 2046: 2037:. Archived from 2024: 2018: 2017: 2006:10.1038/339038a0 1979: 1973: 1972: 1946: 1926: 1920: 1919: 1917: 1916: 1907:. Archived from 1900: 1894: 1893: 1891: 1859: 1853: 1852: 1850: 1848: 1831: 1825: 1824: 1813:10.1038/355145a0 1785: 1776: 1775: 1773: 1771: 1754: 1748: 1747: 1745: 1744: 1732:Cofield, Calla. 1729: 1712:Nature Astronomy 1703:on May 31, 2023. 1659:Nature Astronomy 1575:TYC 8998-760-1 b 1481:, discovered by 1317:Proxima Centauri 701:spectrograph in 679:organic molecule 89: 80: 71: 60: 51: 42: 36: 8127: 8126: 8122: 8121: 8120: 8118: 8117: 8116: 8097: 8096: 8095: 8090: 8058: 8016: 7976: 7925: 7920: 7912: 7904: 7888: 7883: 7875: 7865: 7857: 7849: 7833: 7828: 7816: 7811: 7803: 7795: 7787: 7779: 7773: 7765: 7744: 7738: 7732: 7723: 7488: 7470: 7465: 7435: 7430: 7426:Search projects 7412: 7341: 7130: 7089: 6991: 6963:Radial velocity 6903: 6859:K/Orange dwarfs 6849:G/Yellow dwarfs 6810: 6804:Titius–Bode law 6743: 6674:Molecular cloud 6574:Detached object 6525: 6523: 6512: 6498:Toroidal planet 6488:Sub-brown dwarf 6396: 6322: 6294:(Super-Mercury) 6267:Coreless planet 6243: 6241: 6235: 6226: 6190: 6158: 6155: 6125: 6124: 6119:. 12 June 2023. 6109: 6108: 6104: 6089: 6088: 6084: 6024: 6023: 6019: 5969: 5968: 5964: 5955: 5953: 5945: 5944: 5940: 5931: 5929: 5920: 5919: 5915: 5906: 5904: 5898: 5897: 5893: 5884: 5882: 5877: 5876: 5872: 5863: 5862: 5858: 5853:. 14 July 2021. 5845: 5844: 5840: 5827: 5826: 5822: 5812: 5810: 5799: 5798: 5794: 5740: 5739: 5735: 5725: 5723: 5712: 5711: 5707: 5694: 5693: 5689: 5680: 5678: 5669: 5668: 5664: 5610: 5609: 5605: 5596: 5594: 5585: 5584: 5580: 5570: 5568: 5557: 5556: 5552: 5498: 5497: 5493: 5447: 5446: 5442: 5429: 5428: 5424: 5410: 5409: 5405: 5395: 5393: 5384: 5383: 5379: 5369: 5367: 5359: 5358: 5354: 5340: 5339: 5335: 5319: 5318: 5314: 5300: 5299: 5295: 5245: 5244: 5240: 5230: 5228: 5219: 5218: 5214: 5205: 5203: 5195: 5194: 5190: 5181: 5179: 5170: 5169: 5165: 5109: 5108: 5104: 5094: 5092: 5081: 5080: 5076: 5066: 5064: 5045: 5044: 5040: 5030: 5028: 5017: 5016: 5012: 5002: 5000: 4989: 4988: 4984: 4975: 4973: 4968: 4967: 4963: 4947: 4946: 4942: 4926: 4925: 4921: 4911: 4909: 4898: 4897: 4893: 4883: 4881: 4870: 4869: 4865: 4855: 4853: 4842: 4841: 4837: 4829:10.1038/515167b 4810: 4809: 4805: 4796: 4794: 4785: 4784: 4780: 4726: 4725: 4721: 4711: 4709: 4705: 4704: 4700: 4690: 4688: 4677: 4676: 4672: 4662: 4660: 4659:on 1 March 2014 4644: 4643: 4639: 4569: 4568: 4564: 4554: 4552: 4543: 4542: 4538: 4528: 4526: 4515: 4514: 4510: 4500: 4498: 4484: 4483: 4479: 4469: 4467: 4458: 4457: 4453: 4443: 4441: 4432: 4431: 4422: 4412: 4410: 4409:on May 19, 2013 4396: 4395: 4391: 4381: 4379: 4370: 4369: 4360: 4312: 4311: 4304: 4289: 4285: 4237: 4236: 4232: 4185:(7332): 53–58. 4176: 4175: 4171: 4161: 4159: 4154: 4153: 4149: 4093: 4092: 4088: 4078: 4076: 4071: 4070: 4066: 4006: 4005: 4001: 3992: 3990: 3985: 3984: 3980: 3971: 3969: 3964: 3963: 3959: 3950: 3948: 3943: 3942: 3938: 3929: 3927: 3918: 3917: 3913: 3903: 3901: 3896: 3895: 3888: 3878: 3876: 3872: 3871: 3867: 3854: 3853: 3849: 3831: 3830: 3826: 3817: 3815: 3806: 3805: 3801: 3755: 3754: 3750: 3741: 3739: 3730: 3729: 3725: 3716: 3714: 3705: 3704: 3700: 3691: 3689: 3680: 3679: 3675: 3666: 3664: 3663:on May 21, 2007 3650: 3649: 3645: 3597: 3596: 3592: 3538: 3537: 3533: 3524: 3522: 3511: 3510: 3503: 3495: 3446: 3443: 3440: 3433: 3432: 3428: 3372: 3371: 3367: 3362:. 11 July 2007. 3352: 3351: 3347: 3299: 3298: 3294: 3247:(7130): 892–5. 3238: 3237: 3233: 3224: 3222: 3209: 3208: 3204: 3195: 3193: 3192:on 1 March 2008 3184: 3183: 3179: 3170: 3168: 3159: 3158: 3154: 3092: 3091: 3087: 3039: 3038: 3034: 2986: 2982: 2981: 2977: 2917: 2916: 2912: 2864: 2863: 2859: 2809: 2808: 2804: 2795: 2793: 2784: 2783: 2779: 2770: 2768: 2755: 2754: 2750: 2692: 2691: 2687: 2651: 2650: 2646: 2596: 2595: 2591: 2539: 2538: 2534: 2476: 2475: 2471: 2462: 2460: 2448: 2447: 2443: 2434: 2432: 2421: 2420: 2416: 2360: 2359: 2355: 2306: 2305: 2301: 2265: 2264: 2260: 2212: 2211: 2207: 2202:on 21 May 2009. 2199: 2148: 2143: 2142: 2135: 2087: 2086: 2082: 2073: 2071: 2058: 2057: 2053: 2044: 2042: 2026: 2025: 2021: 1992:(6219): 38–40. 1981: 1980: 1976: 1928: 1927: 1923: 1914: 1912: 1902: 1901: 1897: 1861: 1860: 1856: 1846: 1844: 1833: 1832: 1828: 1787: 1786: 1779: 1769: 1767: 1756: 1755: 1751: 1742: 1740: 1731: 1730: 1726: 1721: 1644: 1600: 1556: 1471: 1430: 1381: 1334: 1308: 1283:space telescope 1198:habitable zones 1193: 1139:habitable zones 1110: 1080:habitable zones 1039:" a zone where 949: 936: 890: 860:Beta Pictoris b 844: 770: 762: 758: 754: 637: 592:radial velocity 558: 514: 469: 402: 363: 337:Iota Draconis b 318: 304: 279: 224: 182: 154:imaged directly 134:first detection 100: 94: 87: 85: 78: 76: 69: 65: 58: 56: 54:Radial velocity 49: 47: 40: 27: 17: 12: 11: 5: 8125: 8123: 8115: 8114: 8109: 8107:Exoplanetology 8099: 8098: 8092: 8091: 8089: 8088: 8076: 8063: 8060: 8059: 8057: 8056: 8055: 8054: 8044: 8039: 8034: 8028: 8026: 8022: 8021: 8018: 8017: 8015: 8014: 8009: 8004: 7997: 7992: 7984: 7982: 7978: 7977: 7975: 7974: 7969: 7964: 7959: 7954: 7949: 7944: 7939: 7933: 7931: 7927: 7926: 7924: 7923: 7915: 7907: 7896: 7894: 7890: 7889: 7887: 7886: 7884:(2021–present) 7878: 7876:(2021–present) 7868: 7866:(2019–present) 7860: 7858:(2018–present) 7852: 7850:(2013–present) 7841: 7839: 7835: 7834: 7832: 7831: 7823: 7822: 7821: 7806: 7790: 7782: 7768: 7759: 7757: 7750: 7749:Space missions 7746: 7745: 7726: 7724: 7722: 7721: 7716: 7711: 7706: 7701: 7696: 7691: 7686: 7681: 7676: 7671: 7666: 7661: 7656: 7651: 7646: 7641: 7636: 7631: 7626: 7625: 7624: 7614: 7609: 7604: 7599: 7594: 7589: 7584: 7579: 7574: 7569: 7564: 7559: 7554: 7553: 7552: 7547: 7537: 7532: 7527: 7522: 7517: 7512: 7507: 7502: 7496: 7494: 7490: 7489: 7487: 7486: 7481: 7479:Exoplanetology 7475: 7472: 7471: 7466: 7464: 7463: 7456: 7449: 7441: 7432: 7431: 7429: 7428: 7423: 7417: 7414: 7413: 7411: 7410: 7405: 7400: 7395: 7390: 7385: 7380: 7375: 7370: 7365: 7360: 7355: 7349: 7347: 7343: 7342: 7340: 7339: 7338: 7337: 7332: 7327: 7322: 7317: 7312: 7307: 7302: 7297: 7292: 7287: 7282: 7277: 7272: 7267: 7262: 7257: 7248: 7247: 7246: 7245: 7240: 7235: 7230: 7229: 7228: 7223: 7218: 7213: 7203: 7198: 7193: 7188: 7183: 7178: 7173: 7162: 7161: 7160: 7159: 7154: 7149: 7140: 7138: 7132: 7131: 7129: 7128: 7123: 7118: 7113: 7108: 7103: 7097: 7095: 7091: 7090: 7088: 7087: 7082: 7077: 7072: 7067: 7062: 7057: 7052: 7047: 7042: 7037: 7032: 7027: 7022: 7017: 7012: 7007: 7001: 6999: 6993: 6992: 6990: 6989: 6984: 6983: 6982: 6975:Transit method 6972: 6971: 6970: 6960: 6959: 6958: 6948: 6943: 6942: 6941: 6931: 6930: 6929: 6922:Direct imaging 6919: 6913: 6911: 6905: 6904: 6902: 6901: 6896: 6891: 6886: 6881: 6876: 6871: 6866: 6861: 6856: 6851: 6846: 6841: 6836: 6831: 6826: 6820: 6818: 6812: 6811: 6809: 6808: 6807: 6806: 6801: 6796: 6791: 6783: 6778: 6777: 6776: 6766: 6765: 6764: 6753: 6751: 6745: 6744: 6742: 6741: 6739:Star formation 6736: 6734:Scattered disc 6731: 6726: 6721: 6716: 6711: 6706: 6701: 6696: 6691: 6686: 6681: 6676: 6671: 6666: 6661: 6656: 6651: 6646: 6641: 6636: 6631: 6626: 6621: 6616: 6611: 6606: 6601: 6596: 6591: 6586: 6584:Excretion disk 6581: 6576: 6571: 6566: 6561: 6556: 6551: 6546: 6541: 6539:Accretion disk 6536: 6530: 6528: 6518: 6517: 6514: 6513: 6511: 6510: 6505: 6500: 6495: 6490: 6485: 6480: 6475: 6470: 6465: 6460: 6455: 6450: 6448:Eyeball planet 6445: 6440: 6435: 6430: 6425: 6420: 6415: 6410: 6404: 6402: 6398: 6397: 6395: 6394: 6389: 6384: 6379: 6374: 6369: 6364: 6359: 6354: 6349: 6344: 6338: 6332: 6330: 6324: 6323: 6321: 6320: 6315: 6310: 6305: 6300: 6295: 6289: 6284: 6279: 6274: 6269: 6264: 6258: 6256: 6247: 6237: 6236: 6229: 6227: 6225: 6224: 6219: 6214: 6209: 6204: 6198: 6196: 6192: 6191: 6189: 6188: 6183: 6182: 6181: 6180: 6179: 6163: 6160: 6159: 6156: 6154: 6153: 6146: 6139: 6131: 6123: 6122: 6102: 6082: 6017: 5980:(5): 569–578. 5962: 5938: 5913: 5891: 5870: 5856: 5838: 5820: 5792: 5733: 5720:Universe Today 5705: 5687: 5676:Universe Today 5662: 5603: 5578: 5550: 5491: 5440: 5422: 5403: 5392:. 12 June 2018 5377: 5352: 5333: 5312: 5293: 5238: 5212: 5188: 5163: 5102: 5074: 5038: 5010: 4999:. 30 July 2015 4982: 4961: 4940: 4919: 4891: 4863: 4835: 4803: 4792:Planet Hunters 4778: 4719: 4698: 4670: 4637: 4562: 4536: 4508: 4477: 4451: 4420: 4389: 4358: 4302: 4283: 4230: 4169: 4147: 4086: 4064: 3999: 3978: 3957: 3936: 3911: 3886: 3865: 3862:on 2008-12-20. 3847: 3824: 3799: 3748: 3723: 3698: 3673: 3643: 3590: 3531: 3501: 3457:(3): L43–L47. 3441: 3438: 3426: 3365: 3345: 3332:10.1086/513741 3292: 3231: 3202: 3177: 3152: 3085: 3072:10.1086/449306 3048:(1): 465–473. 3032: 3019:10.1086/491669 2995:(1): 625–640. 2984: 2975: 2910: 2897:10.1086/429991 2873:(1): 523–529. 2857: 2844:10.1086/510877 2802: 2777: 2748: 2685: 2679:10.1086/341629 2664:(1): 478–484. 2644: 2631:10.1086/338770 2607:(1): 377–384. 2589: 2567:10.1086/312458 2552:(1): L41–L44. 2532: 2511:10.1086/312457 2487:(1): L45–L48. 2469: 2441: 2414: 2353: 2299: 2293:10.1086/318927 2278:(1): L57–L60. 2258: 2245:10.1086/310754 2205: 2161:(1): 487–494. 2133: 2080: 2051: 2027:Schneider, J. 2019: 1974: 1921: 1895: 1889:10.1086/166608 1854: 1834:Schneider, J. 1826: 1777: 1749: 1723: 1722: 1720: 1717: 1716: 1715: 1704: 1689: 1674: 1655: 1643: 1640: 1639: 1638: 1623: 1608: 1599: 1596: 1595: 1594: 1567: 1555: 1552: 1551: 1550: 1528: 1514: 1508: 1498: 1492: 1486: 1479:Galactic plane 1470: 1467: 1466: 1465: 1451: 1445: 1429: 1426: 1425: 1424: 1409: 1399: 1389: 1380: 1377: 1376: 1375: 1353:habitable zone 1346: 1333: 1330: 1329: 1328: 1307: 1304: 1303: 1302: 1261: 1253: 1245: 1200:of their host 1192: 1189: 1188: 1187: 1149: 1146: 1109: 1106: 1105: 1104: 1098: 1052: 1037:habitable zone 1035:, within the " 1010:Kepler Mission 991: 969:Kepler Mission 961:Planet Hunters 948: 945: 944: 943: 935: 932: 931: 930: 924: 920:Kepler Mission 913: 889: 886: 885: 884: 878: 863: 857: 851: 843: 840: 839: 838: 831:MEarth Project 816: 802: 798: 792: 769: 766: 765: 764: 760: 756: 752: 730: 716: 710: 688:: On June 16, 683: 668: 661:habitable zone 636: 633: 632: 631: 621: 615: 577: 557: 554: 553: 552: 526: 513: 510: 509: 508: 501: 500: 485: 484: 468: 465: 464: 463: 436: 401: 398: 397: 396: 385:stellar binary 367:PSR B1620-26 b 362: 359: 358: 357: 350:Hyades cluster 334: 333:stratospheric. 317: 314: 313: 312: 306: 302: 278: 275: 274: 273: 251: 241: 235: 223: 220: 219: 218: 208: 198: 181: 178: 158:transit method 97: 96: 86: 77: 74:Direct imaging 68: 66: 57: 48: 39: 34: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8124: 8113: 8110: 8108: 8105: 8104: 8102: 8087: 8086: 8077: 8075: 8074: 8065: 8064: 8061: 8053: 8050: 8049: 8048: 8045: 8043: 8040: 8038: 8035: 8033: 8030: 8029: 8027: 8023: 8013: 8010: 8008: 8005: 8003: 8002: 7998: 7996: 7993: 7991: 7990: 7986: 7985: 7983: 7979: 7973: 7970: 7968: 7965: 7963: 7960: 7958: 7955: 7953: 7950: 7948: 7945: 7943: 7940: 7938: 7935: 7934: 7932: 7928: 7919: 7916: 7911: 7908: 7903: 7902: 7898: 7897: 7895: 7891: 7882: 7879: 7874: 7873: 7869: 7864: 7861: 7856: 7853: 7848: 7847: 7843: 7842: 7840: 7836: 7827: 7824: 7819: 7815: 7814: 7810: 7807: 7801: 7800: 7794: 7791: 7786: 7783: 7777: 7772: 7769: 7764: 7761: 7760: 7758: 7754: 7751: 7747: 7742: 7736: 7730: 7720: 7719:ZIMPOL/CHEOPS 7717: 7715: 7712: 7710: 7707: 7705: 7702: 7700: 7697: 7695: 7692: 7690: 7687: 7685: 7682: 7680: 7677: 7675: 7672: 7670: 7667: 7665: 7662: 7660: 7657: 7655: 7652: 7650: 7647: 7645: 7642: 7640: 7637: 7635: 7632: 7630: 7627: 7623: 7620: 7619: 7618: 7615: 7613: 7610: 7608: 7605: 7603: 7600: 7598: 7595: 7593: 7590: 7588: 7585: 7583: 7580: 7578: 7575: 7573: 7570: 7568: 7565: 7563: 7560: 7558: 7555: 7551: 7548: 7546: 7543: 7542: 7541: 7538: 7536: 7533: 7531: 7528: 7526: 7523: 7521: 7518: 7516: 7513: 7511: 7508: 7506: 7503: 7501: 7498: 7497: 7495: 7491: 7485: 7482: 7480: 7477: 7476: 7473: 7469: 7462: 7457: 7455: 7450: 7448: 7443: 7442: 7439: 7427: 7424: 7422: 7419: 7418: 7415: 7409: 7406: 7404: 7401: 7399: 7396: 7394: 7391: 7389: 7386: 7384: 7381: 7379: 7376: 7374: 7371: 7369: 7366: 7364: 7361: 7359: 7356: 7354: 7351: 7350: 7348: 7344: 7336: 7333: 7331: 7328: 7326: 7323: 7321: 7318: 7316: 7313: 7311: 7308: 7306: 7303: 7301: 7298: 7296: 7293: 7291: 7288: 7286: 7283: 7281: 7278: 7276: 7273: 7271: 7268: 7266: 7263: 7261: 7258: 7256: 7253: 7252: 7250: 7249: 7244: 7241: 7239: 7236: 7234: 7231: 7227: 7224: 7222: 7219: 7217: 7214: 7212: 7209: 7208: 7207: 7204: 7202: 7199: 7197: 7194: 7192: 7189: 7187: 7184: 7182: 7179: 7177: 7174: 7172: 7169: 7168: 7167: 7164: 7163: 7158: 7155: 7153: 7150: 7148: 7145: 7144: 7142: 7141: 7139: 7137: 7133: 7127: 7124: 7122: 7119: 7117: 7114: 7112: 7109: 7107: 7104: 7102: 7099: 7098: 7096: 7092: 7086: 7083: 7081: 7078: 7076: 7073: 7071: 7068: 7066: 7063: 7061: 7058: 7056: 7053: 7051: 7048: 7046: 7043: 7041: 7038: 7036: 7033: 7031: 7028: 7026: 7023: 7021: 7018: 7016: 7013: 7011: 7008: 7006: 7003: 7002: 7000: 6998: 6994: 6988: 6985: 6981: 6978: 6977: 6976: 6973: 6969: 6966: 6965: 6964: 6961: 6957: 6954: 6953: 6952: 6949: 6947: 6944: 6940: 6937: 6936: 6935: 6932: 6928: 6925: 6924: 6923: 6920: 6918: 6915: 6914: 6912: 6910: 6906: 6900: 6899:Yellow giants 6897: 6895: 6892: 6890: 6887: 6885: 6882: 6880: 6877: 6875: 6872: 6870: 6867: 6865: 6862: 6860: 6857: 6855: 6852: 6850: 6847: 6845: 6842: 6840: 6837: 6835: 6832: 6830: 6827: 6825: 6822: 6821: 6819: 6817: 6813: 6805: 6802: 6800: 6797: 6795: 6792: 6790: 6787: 6786: 6784: 6782: 6779: 6775: 6772: 6771: 6770: 6767: 6763: 6760: 6759: 6758: 6755: 6754: 6752: 6750: 6746: 6740: 6737: 6735: 6732: 6730: 6727: 6725: 6722: 6720: 6717: 6715: 6712: 6710: 6707: 6705: 6702: 6700: 6697: 6695: 6692: 6690: 6687: 6685: 6682: 6680: 6677: 6675: 6672: 6670: 6669:Merging stars 6667: 6665: 6662: 6660: 6657: 6655: 6652: 6650: 6647: 6645: 6642: 6640: 6637: 6635: 6632: 6630: 6627: 6625: 6622: 6620: 6617: 6615: 6612: 6610: 6607: 6605: 6602: 6600: 6597: 6595: 6592: 6590: 6587: 6585: 6582: 6580: 6577: 6575: 6572: 6570: 6567: 6565: 6562: 6560: 6557: 6555: 6552: 6550: 6547: 6545: 6544:Asteroid belt 6542: 6540: 6537: 6535: 6532: 6531: 6529: 6527: 6519: 6509: 6506: 6504: 6501: 6499: 6496: 6494: 6491: 6489: 6486: 6484: 6483:Pulsar planet 6481: 6479: 6476: 6474: 6471: 6469: 6466: 6464: 6461: 6459: 6456: 6454: 6451: 6449: 6446: 6444: 6441: 6439: 6438:Double planet 6436: 6434: 6431: 6429: 6426: 6424: 6421: 6419: 6416: 6414: 6411: 6409: 6406: 6405: 6403: 6399: 6393: 6390: 6388: 6385: 6383: 6380: 6378: 6377:Super-Neptune 6375: 6373: 6372:Super-Jupiter 6370: 6368: 6365: 6363: 6360: 6358: 6355: 6353: 6350: 6348: 6347:Helium planet 6345: 6342: 6339: 6337: 6334: 6333: 6331: 6329: 6325: 6319: 6316: 6314: 6311: 6309: 6306: 6304: 6301: 6299: 6296: 6293: 6290: 6288: 6285: 6283: 6282:Hycean planet 6280: 6278: 6275: 6273: 6272:Desert planet 6270: 6268: 6265: 6263: 6262:Carbon planet 6260: 6259: 6257: 6255: 6251: 6248: 6246: 6238: 6233: 6223: 6220: 6218: 6215: 6213: 6210: 6208: 6205: 6203: 6200: 6199: 6197: 6193: 6187: 6184: 6178: 6175: 6174: 6173: 6170: 6169: 6168: 6165: 6164: 6161: 6152: 6147: 6145: 6140: 6138: 6133: 6132: 6129: 6118: 6117: 6112: 6106: 6103: 6098: 6097: 6092: 6086: 6083: 6078: 6074: 6070: 6066: 6061: 6056: 6052: 6048: 6044: 6040: 6036: 6032: 6028: 6021: 6018: 6013: 6009: 6005: 6001: 5997: 5993: 5988: 5983: 5979: 5975: 5974: 5966: 5963: 5952: 5948: 5942: 5939: 5928: 5924: 5917: 5914: 5902: 5895: 5892: 5880: 5874: 5871: 5866: 5860: 5857: 5852: 5848: 5842: 5839: 5834: 5830: 5824: 5821: 5809: 5808: 5803: 5796: 5793: 5788: 5784: 5779: 5774: 5770: 5766: 5761: 5756: 5752: 5748: 5744: 5737: 5734: 5722: 5721: 5716: 5709: 5706: 5701: 5697: 5691: 5688: 5677: 5673: 5666: 5663: 5658: 5654: 5650: 5646: 5641: 5636: 5631: 5626: 5622: 5618: 5614: 5607: 5604: 5592: 5588: 5582: 5579: 5567: 5566: 5561: 5554: 5551: 5546: 5542: 5537: 5532: 5528: 5524: 5519: 5514: 5510: 5506: 5502: 5495: 5492: 5486: 5481: 5477: 5473: 5468: 5463: 5459: 5455: 5451: 5444: 5441: 5436: 5432: 5426: 5423: 5418: 5414: 5407: 5404: 5391: 5387: 5381: 5378: 5366: 5362: 5356: 5353: 5348: 5344: 5337: 5334: 5329: 5328: 5323: 5316: 5313: 5308: 5304: 5297: 5294: 5289: 5285: 5281: 5277: 5273: 5269: 5264: 5259: 5255: 5251: 5250: 5242: 5239: 5226: 5222: 5216: 5213: 5202: 5198: 5192: 5189: 5177: 5176:www.space.com 5173: 5167: 5164: 5159: 5155: 5150: 5145: 5141: 5137: 5132: 5127: 5123: 5119: 5118: 5113: 5106: 5103: 5091: 5090: 5085: 5078: 5075: 5063: 5059: 5055: 5054: 5049: 5042: 5039: 5027: 5026: 5021: 5014: 5011: 4998: 4997: 4992: 4986: 4983: 4971: 4965: 4962: 4957: 4956: 4951: 4944: 4941: 4936: 4935: 4930: 4923: 4920: 4908: 4907: 4902: 4895: 4892: 4880: 4879: 4874: 4867: 4864: 4852: 4851: 4846: 4839: 4836: 4830: 4825: 4821: 4817: 4813: 4807: 4804: 4793: 4789: 4782: 4779: 4774: 4770: 4765: 4760: 4756: 4752: 4747: 4742: 4738: 4734: 4730: 4723: 4720: 4708: 4702: 4699: 4687: 4686: 4681: 4674: 4671: 4658: 4654: 4653: 4648: 4641: 4638: 4633: 4629: 4624: 4619: 4615: 4611: 4607: 4603: 4599: 4595: 4590: 4585: 4581: 4577: 4573: 4566: 4563: 4550: 4546: 4540: 4537: 4525: 4524: 4519: 4512: 4509: 4497:on 8 May 2020 4496: 4492: 4488: 4481: 4478: 4466: 4462: 4455: 4452: 4440: 4436: 4429: 4427: 4425: 4421: 4408: 4404: 4400: 4393: 4390: 4378: 4374: 4367: 4365: 4363: 4359: 4354: 4350: 4346: 4342: 4338: 4334: 4329: 4324: 4320: 4316: 4309: 4307: 4303: 4299: 4298: 4293: 4287: 4284: 4279: 4275: 4271: 4267: 4263: 4259: 4254: 4249: 4245: 4241: 4234: 4231: 4226: 4222: 4218: 4214: 4210: 4206: 4202: 4198: 4193: 4188: 4184: 4180: 4173: 4170: 4157: 4151: 4148: 4143: 4139: 4135: 4131: 4127: 4123: 4119: 4115: 4110: 4105: 4101: 4097: 4090: 4087: 4074: 4068: 4065: 4060: 4056: 4052: 4048: 4043: 4038: 4034: 4030: 4026: 4022: 4018: 4014: 4010: 4003: 4000: 3988: 3982: 3979: 3967: 3961: 3958: 3946: 3940: 3937: 3925: 3921: 3915: 3912: 3900: 3893: 3891: 3887: 3875: 3869: 3866: 3861: 3857: 3851: 3848: 3843: 3839: 3835: 3828: 3825: 3813: 3809: 3803: 3800: 3794: 3789: 3785: 3781: 3776: 3771: 3767: 3763: 3759: 3752: 3749: 3737: 3733: 3727: 3724: 3712: 3708: 3702: 3699: 3687: 3683: 3677: 3674: 3662: 3658: 3654: 3647: 3644: 3639: 3635: 3631: 3627: 3623: 3619: 3614: 3609: 3605: 3601: 3594: 3591: 3586: 3582: 3578: 3574: 3570: 3566: 3561: 3556: 3552: 3548: 3547: 3542: 3535: 3532: 3521: 3520: 3515: 3508: 3506: 3502: 3494: 3490: 3486: 3482: 3478: 3474: 3470: 3465: 3460: 3456: 3452: 3445: 3430: 3427: 3422: 3418: 3414: 3410: 3406: 3402: 3398: 3394: 3389: 3384: 3380: 3376: 3369: 3366: 3361: 3360: 3355: 3349: 3346: 3341: 3337: 3333: 3329: 3325: 3321: 3316: 3311: 3307: 3303: 3296: 3293: 3288: 3284: 3280: 3276: 3272: 3268: 3264: 3260: 3255: 3250: 3246: 3242: 3235: 3232: 3221:on 2007-07-15 3220: 3216: 3212: 3206: 3203: 3191: 3187: 3181: 3178: 3166: 3162: 3156: 3153: 3148: 3144: 3140: 3136: 3131: 3126: 3122: 3118: 3113: 3108: 3104: 3100: 3096: 3089: 3086: 3081: 3077: 3073: 3069: 3065: 3061: 3056: 3051: 3047: 3043: 3036: 3033: 3028: 3024: 3020: 3016: 3012: 3008: 3003: 2998: 2994: 2990: 2979: 2976: 2971: 2967: 2963: 2959: 2955: 2951: 2947: 2943: 2938: 2933: 2929: 2925: 2921: 2914: 2911: 2906: 2902: 2898: 2894: 2890: 2886: 2881: 2876: 2872: 2868: 2861: 2858: 2853: 2849: 2845: 2841: 2837: 2833: 2828: 2823: 2819: 2815: 2814: 2806: 2803: 2791: 2787: 2781: 2778: 2767:on 2007-06-07 2766: 2762: 2758: 2752: 2749: 2744: 2740: 2736: 2732: 2728: 2724: 2720: 2716: 2711: 2706: 2702: 2698: 2697: 2689: 2686: 2680: 2675: 2671: 2667: 2663: 2659: 2655: 2648: 2645: 2640: 2636: 2632: 2628: 2624: 2620: 2615: 2610: 2606: 2602: 2601: 2593: 2590: 2585: 2581: 2577: 2573: 2568: 2563: 2559: 2555: 2551: 2547: 2543: 2536: 2533: 2528: 2524: 2520: 2516: 2512: 2508: 2504: 2500: 2495: 2490: 2486: 2482: 2481: 2473: 2470: 2459: 2457: 2452: 2445: 2442: 2431: 2430: 2425: 2418: 2415: 2410: 2406: 2401: 2396: 2392: 2388: 2383: 2378: 2374: 2370: 2369: 2364: 2357: 2354: 2349: 2345: 2341: 2337: 2333: 2329: 2324: 2319: 2315: 2311: 2303: 2300: 2294: 2289: 2285: 2281: 2277: 2273: 2269: 2262: 2259: 2254: 2250: 2246: 2242: 2238: 2234: 2229: 2224: 2220: 2216: 2209: 2206: 2198: 2194: 2190: 2186: 2182: 2178: 2174: 2169: 2164: 2160: 2156: 2155: 2147: 2140: 2138: 2134: 2129: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2113: 2109: 2104: 2099: 2095: 2091: 2084: 2081: 2070:on 2010-07-07 2069: 2065: 2061: 2060:"HD 114762 b" 2055: 2052: 2040: 2036: 2035: 2030: 2023: 2020: 2015: 2011: 2007: 2003: 1999: 1995: 1991: 1987: 1986: 1978: 1975: 1970: 1966: 1962: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1945: 1940: 1936: 1932: 1925: 1922: 1911:on 2016-03-03 1910: 1906: 1899: 1896: 1890: 1885: 1881: 1877: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1858: 1855: 1843: 1842: 1837: 1830: 1827: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1790: 1789:Wolszczan, A. 1784: 1782: 1778: 1766: 1765: 1760: 1753: 1750: 1739: 1735: 1728: 1725: 1718: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1702: 1698: 1694: 1690: 1687: 1683: 1679: 1675: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1645: 1641: 1636: 1633:telescope in 1632: 1628: 1624: 1621: 1617: 1613: 1609: 1606: 1602: 1601: 1597: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1565: 1561: 1558: 1557: 1553: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1536: 1532: 1529: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1515: 1512: 1509: 1506: 1502: 1499: 1496: 1493: 1490: 1487: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1473: 1472: 1468: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1454:DS Tucanae Ab 1452: 1449: 1446: 1443: 1440:" within the 1439: 1435: 1432: 1431: 1427: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1407: 1403: 1400: 1397: 1393: 1390: 1387: 1383: 1382: 1378: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1347: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1335: 1331: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1309: 1305: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1284: 1282: 1277: 1274: 1273:constellation 1270: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1251: 1246: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1194: 1190: 1185: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1172: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1147: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1111: 1107: 1102: 1099: 1096: 1094: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1053: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1011: 1007: 1003: 999: 995: 992: 989: 985: 981: 977: 973: 970: 966: 962: 958: 954: 951: 950: 946: 941: 938: 937: 933: 928: 925: 921: 917: 914: 911: 907: 903: 899: 895: 892: 891: 887: 882: 879: 875: 871: 867: 864: 861: 858: 855: 852: 849: 846: 845: 841: 836: 832: 828: 824: 820: 817: 814: 810: 806: 803: 799: 796: 793: 790: 787: 783: 779: 775: 772: 771: 767: 755:at 24 AU, 7 M 750: 746: 742: 738: 734: 731: 728: 724: 720: 717: 714: 711: 708: 704: 700: 695: 691: 687: 684: 680: 676: 672: 669: 666: 662: 658: 654: 650: 646: 642: 639: 638: 634: 629: 625: 622: 619: 616: 613: 609: 605: 601: 597: 593: 589: 585: 584:Stephane Udry 581: 578: 575: 571: 567: 563: 560: 559: 555: 550: 549:asteroid belt 546: 542: 538: 534: 530: 527: 523: 519: 516: 515: 511: 506: 503: 502: 498: 494: 490: 487: 486: 482: 478: 474: 471: 470: 466: 461: 456: 452: 448: 444: 440: 437: 434: 431: 427: 423: 419: 416: 415: 411: 406: 399: 394: 390: 386: 382: 379: 378:constellation 375: 372: 368: 365: 364: 360: 355: 354:Epsilon Tauri 351: 346: 342: 341:Iota Draconis 338: 335: 331: 327: 323: 320: 319: 315: 310: 307: 300: 296: 292: 288: 287:main sequence 284: 281: 280: 276: 271: 267: 263: 259: 255: 252: 249: 245: 242: 239: 236: 233: 229: 226: 225: 221: 217:PSR B1257+12. 216: 212: 209: 206: 202: 199: 195: 191: 187: 184: 183: 179: 177: 175: 171: 167: 163: 159: 155: 151: 147: 146:main-sequence 143: 140: 135: 131: 127: 123: 114: 106: 93: 92:Pulsar timing 84: 75: 67: 64: 55: 46: 38: 37: 31: 26: 22: 8084: 8071: 8036: 7999: 7987: 7899: 7870: 7844: 7797: 7714:XO Telescope 7664:Project 1640 7493:Ground-based 7420: 7243:Proper names 7170: 7020:Earth analog 7005:Astrobiology 6997:Habitability 6934:Microlensing 6894:White dwarfs 6864:M/Red dwarfs 6854:Herbig Ae/Be 6839:Brown dwarfs 6781:Rogue planet 6762:Interstellar 6704:Planetesimal 6473:Planetesimal 6453:Giant planet 6443:Ecumenopolis 6341:Mini-Neptune 6277:Dwarf planet 6114: 6105: 6099:. 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