97:
208:"following Church tradition, the foundation event and date of University of San Carlos should be the decree of Bishop Romualdo Jimeno on 15 May 1867 (turning over the seminary to the Congregation of the Missions) and the first day of classes in the history of what is now USC is 1 July 1867, the day P. Jose Casarramona welcomed the first lay students to attend classes at the Seminario de San Carlos." Thus, he says that San Carlos cannot claim to have descended from the
124:
was established in 1611 as the
Colegio de Nuestra Señora de Santisimo Rosario and gained university status in 1645. The university is generally recognized as the educational institution in the Philippines with the oldest extant university charter. Government recognition was evident as early as the US
212:
founded by the
Jesuits in 1595, despite taking over the latter's facilities when the Jesuits were expelled by Spanish authorities in 1769. According to him there is "no visible and clear link" between Colegio de San Ildefonso and USC. San Carlos was specifically for the training of diocesan priests,
207:
from the
University of Santo Tomas argued that USC only took over the facility of the former Colegio de San Ildefonso and that there is no 'visible' and 'clear' link between San Carlos and San Ildefonso. According to Fr. Aloysius Cartagenas, a professor at the Seminario Mayor de San Carlos of Cebu,
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colonial era when in 1935 the
Commonwealth government of the Philippines through the Historical Research and Markers Committee declared that UST was "oldest university under the American flag." In the 1990s, the
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129:
installed a marker on the original site of the
University of Santo Tomas with the recognition that the university is the "oldest university in Asia." In 2011 the University of Santo Tomas celebrated its
434:
Which Is the Oldest
University? Revisiting the Conflicting Claims of the University of Santo Tomas,Manila and University of San Carlos, Cebu in Light of the Historyof Seminario (Mayor) de San Carlos of
186:
The San Jose
Seminary in Loyola Heights, Quezon City makes no direct claim to titles of "oldest," although it traces its direct origin from the Colegio de San Jose, which was established in 1601 by the
394:
470:
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The title of the oldest in the
Philippines, however, have been topic for debate between two educational institutions: the University of Santo Tomas and the University of San Carlos.
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were among the most educated people in all of Asia. Of the many educational institutions established during the colonial era, only a few remain extant today, such as the
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162:. In 1783, Bishop Mateo Joaquin de Arevalo initiated the opening of the Colegio-Seminario de San Carlos. In 1852, the management of the college was entrusted to the
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in 2012 released an article in its website recognizing UST as "Asia's Oldest
University. This further cemented the status of the Pontifical and Royal
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178:(SVD). The Colegio de San Carlos (CSC) was granted its university charter in 1948, and in 1995 celebrated its Quadricentennial (400th Anniversary).
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founded by three
Spanish Jesuit missionaries Antonio Sedeno, Pedro Chirino and Antonio Pereira on August 1, 1595. It was closed in 1769 at the
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installed a bronze marker declaring USC's foundation late in the 18th century, effectively disproving any direct connection with the
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Numerous scholars and official government bodies have reviewed the case. According to Dr. Victor Torres of the
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Unlike the University of Santo Tomas which has an undisputed foundation date, the true foundation year of the
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1982:
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and it simply took over the facility of the former, a Jesuit central house with an attached day school.
33:
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had been a subject of several debates. Contrary to the position of the University of Santo Tomas, the
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3131:
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2015:
1994:
1960:
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1767:
1611:
1584:
1484:
1348:
878:
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728:
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3001:
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203:, the University of San Carlos' claim dates back to 1948 only when USC was declared a university.
3550:
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703:
628:
459:
The Papal Message from Pope Benedict XVI to the Pontifical and Royal University of Santo Tomas
265:
228:
25:
116:, is currently the educational institution with the oldest extant university charter in Asia.
3740:
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2837:
2741:
2203:
2043:
1894:
1826:
1772:
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154:(established 1595). According to the university's claim, San Carlos traces its roots to the
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recognized UST as "the oldest institution of Catholic higher education in the Far East."
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1964:
1646:
1494:
893:
3046:
2116:
3805:
Law of coartación (which allowed slaves to buy their freedom, and that of others)
449:'National Historical Commission of the Philippines marker' accessed 19 April 2020
259:
2636:
2626:
2462:
2031:
838:
778:
3500:
2234:
1904:
1514:
853:
813:
773:
753:
568:
36:. By the time Spain was replaced by the United States as the colonial power,
28:
and the first modern public education system in Asia were created during the
2467:
2224:
2124:
1801:
1735:
733:
471:
Asia’s Oldest University, The Royal and Pontifical University of Santo Tomas
37:
718:
480:'National Historical Commission of the Philippines' accessed 19 April 2020
2641:
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1519:
1285:
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1203:
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167:
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803:
783:
364:
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1899:
1715:
1312:
958:
933:
863:
758:
95:
1422:
2120:
2112:
2035:
447:
NHCP historical marker for University of San Carlos in Cebu City
242:
as the oldest extant university in the Philippines and in Asia.
150:
claims that it is older by 16 years by tracing its roots to the
3699:
3594:
2718:
2596:
2311:
2170:
2138:
2075:
2012:
1927:
1850:
1790:
1704:
1693:
1464:
1426:
656:
540:
530:
List of Catholic universities and colleges in the Philippines
382:'The University of San Carlos Website' accessed 19 April 2020
108:
in 1611 and raised to the rank of a university in 1645 by
1768:
Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, northernmost France
410:
Loyola School of Theology Ateneo de Manila University
525:
List of universities and colleges in the Philippines
3488:
3382:
3375:
3260:
3109:
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2992:
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2181:
1389:
1321:
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1232:
1196:
1160:
1009:
993:
977:
691:
642:
List of oldest universities in continuous operation
611:
580:
390:
388:
397:'Philippine Daily Inquirer' Accessed 19 April 2020
503:Education in the Philippines during American rule
236:National Historical Commission of the Philippines
218:National Historical Commission of the Philippines
498:Education in the Philippines during Spanish rule
32:. The earliest schools were founded by Spanish
437:'Philippine E-Journals' accessed 19 April 2020
102:Royal and Pontifical University of Santo Tomas
1957:, a northernmost portion of Brazilian Amazon)
1438:
668:
552:
20:List of the oldest schools in the Philippines
8:
1632:Independence of Spanish continental Americas
80:Claim of the University of Santo Tomas (UST)
166:Christian priests, replaced in 1867 by the
138:Claim of the University of San Carlos (USC)
3696:
3591:
3379:
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2726:
2715:
2604:
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2072:
2009:
1924:
1847:
1787:
1701:
1690:
1461:
1445:
1431:
1423:
675:
661:
653:
559:
545:
537:
3751:Colonial universities in Hispanic America
1303:Colonial universities in Hispanic America
234:Complementing its previous position, the
92:Timeline of the University of Santo Tomas
3850:Lists of oldest buildings and structures
3756:Colonial universities in the Philippines
1308:Colonial universities in the Philippines
684:Spanish / Hispanic Colonial architecture
424:'The Varsitarian' Accessed 19 April 2020
86:History of the University of Santo Tomas
3835:History of education in the Philippines
2747:Free Company of Volunteers of Catalonia
250:
7:
2028:Captaincy General of the Philippines
1520:New Laws in favour of the indigenous
515:Medical education in the Philippines
395:No contest: UST is oldest university
66:Universidad de San Felipe de Austria
3840:Lists of schools in the Philippines
3731:Indochristian painting in New Spain
1168:Baroque Churches of the Philippines
510:Higher education in the Philippines
285:UST, USC engages in friendly debate
258:Coleman, Ambrose (September 2009).
24:The oldest universities, colleges,
2698:Commerce Consulate of Buenos Aires
1397:California Churrigueresque Revival
520:Legal education in the Philippines
14:
1672:Independence of Equatorial Guinea
307:Garcia, F.C. (February 1, 2006).
194:
3783:Criollos in the colonial society
3711:Spanish missions in the Americas
2833:Charles Bonaventure de Longueval
1291:Haciendas in the Valley of Ameca
368:Intramuros Administration marker
341:I Walked with Twelve UST Rectors
264:. BiblioBazaar. pp. 17–59.
50:Real Colegio de Santa Potenciana
3810:Great Potosí Mint Fraud of 1649
1183:Mendicant monasteries in Mexico
624:Spanish Philippines (1589–1898)
195:UST as Asia's oldest university
1862:Captaincy General of Guatemala
1570:Franco-Spanish War (1635–1659)
353:The Historical Marker Database
1:
3761:General Archive of the Indies
3022:Francisco Vázquez de Coronado
2693:Camino Real de Tierra Adentro
2678:Guipuzcoan Company of Caracas
1627:Third Treaty of San Ildefonso
1580:War of the Spanish Succession
1545:Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)
1240:Camino Real de Tierra Adentro
629:Thirteen Colonies (1636–1769)
261:The Firars in the Philippines
46:Colegio de San Juan de Letran
1833:Captaincy General of Yucatan
1763:Union with Holy Roman Empire
1742:Southern Italy (Kingdoms of
1657:German–Spanish Treaty (1899)
619:Hispanic America (1538–1812)
593:Early modern age (1501–1800)
493:Education in the Philippines
2313:Administrative subdivisions
1510:War of the League of Cognac
598:Late modern age (1801–1945)
62:Santa Isabel College Manila
3866:
3027:Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar
3012:Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada
2914:Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca
1812:), Western United States (
1575:Portuguese Restoration War
182:Claim of San Jose Seminary
176:Society of the Divine Word
89:
83:
54:Universidad de San Ignacio
17:
3795:Slavery in Spanish Empire
3706:
3695:
3601:
3590:
3082:Pere d'Alberní i Teixidor
2823:Álvaro de Bazán the Elder
2725:
2714:
2683:Barcelona Trading Company
2603:
2592:
2448:New Andalusia (1501–1513)
2318:
2307:
2177:
2166:
2145:
2082:
2023:
1955:Venezuela, part of Guyana
1934:
1857:
1808:, Central United States (
1797:
1711:
1700:
1689:
1540:Bruneian–Spanish conflict
1525:Expulsion of the Moriscos
1471:
1460:
1209:Caribbean coast of Panama
637:
365:University of Santo Tomas
309:"Remembering our Rectors"
240:University of Santo Tomas
127:Intramuros Administration
122:University of Santo Tomas
42:University of Santo Tomas
3736:Quito painting tradition
3726:Cusco painting tradition
3087:García López de Cárdenas
3077:Jerónimo Luis de Cabrera
2984:Felipe González de Ahedo
2904:Pedro Menéndez de Avilés
1481:Conquest of the Americas
1407:Spanish Colonial Revival
1161:Churches and monasteries
985:List of Spanish missions
692:Notable historic centers
603:Contemporary (post-1945)
222:Colegio de San Ildefonso
210:Colegio de San Ildefonso
160:expulsion of the Jesuits
156:Colegio de San Ildefonso
152:Colegio de San Ildefonso
148:University of San Carlos
144:University of San Carlos
112:through the petition of
58:Colegio de San Ildefonso
3845:Lists of oldest schools
3521:Comuneros (New Granada)
3298:Balearic Islands (1558)
3017:Hernán Pérez de Quesada
2944:Ruy López de Villalobos
2899:Miguel López de Legazpi
2813:García de Toledo Osorio
1677:Western Sahara conflict
1667:Independence of Morocco
1607:Treaty of Madrid (1750)
1550:Piracy in the Caribbean
1535:French Wars of Religion
909:Santa Cruz de la Sierra
30:Spanish colonial period
3766:Colonial Spanish Horse
3440:Colonia del Sacramento
2663:Spanish treasure fleet
2240:Royal Decree of Graces
588:Middle Ages (pre-1500)
461:accessed 19 April 2020
412:Accessed 19 April 2020
370:Accessed 23 April 2020
355:accessed 19 April 2020
339:De Ramos, N.V., 2000.
297:Accessed 19 April 2020
201:De La Salle University
117:
106:Dominican missionaries
68:(1640), among others.
2924:Vasco Núñez de Balboa
2884:Juan Sebastián Elcano
2199:Council of the Indies
1560:Spanish–Moro conflict
1530:Ottoman–Habsburg wars
1490:Treaty of Tordesillas
1390:Modern Revival styles
904:San Miguel de Allende
422:UST is oldest, period
172:Societas Verbi Divini
134:(400th Anniversary).
104:, established by the
99:
34:Catholic missionaries
3721:Mesoamerican Codices
3445:Comuneros (Paraguay)
3283:Siege of Castelnuovo
2869:Christopher Columbus
2688:Consulate of the Sea
2668:Casa de Contratación
2259:Titles and positions
1652:Spanish–American War
1642:Liberal constitution
1485:Asia and the Pacific
1254:Other building types
3450:Cartagena de Indias
3072:Diego de Mazariegos
3042:Pere Fages i Beleta
2909:Sebastián de Ocampo
2390:Provincias Internas
2362:Captaincies General
2276:Municipal president
2245:School of Salamanca
2016:Spanish East Indies
1995:Misiones Orientales
1867:Spanish West Indies
1831:, Central America (
1778:Pyrénées-Orientales
1731:Union with Portugal
1622:Napoleonic invasion
1602:War of Jenkins' Ear
1412:Territorial Revival
729:Cartagena de Indias
170:then, in 1935, the
3746:Academia Antártica
3701:Other civil topics
3067:Pánfilo de Narváez
2969:Sebastián Vizcaíno
2934:Andrés de Urdaneta
2894:Juan Ponce de León
2879:Ferdinand Magellan
2853:Bernardo de Gálvez
2752:Indian auxiliaries
2250:Trial of residence
2230:Laws of the Indies
2014:Asia and Oceania (
1875:Dominican Republic
1322:Architecture types
1047:Dominican Republic
994:Lists of buildings
567:Lists of European
476:2021-09-18 at the
295:Today's Carolinian
290:2019-04-22 at the
168:Vincentian Fathers
118:
114:Philip IV of Spain
26:vocational schools
3822:
3821:
3818:
3817:
3691:
3690:
3596:Spanish conquests
3586:
3585:
3582:
3581:
3578:
3577:
3574:
3573:
3371:
3370:
3052:Pedro de Alvarado
3037:Gaspar de Portolà
3032:Pedro de Valdivia
3007:Francisco Pizarro
2959:Nicolás de Ovando
2954:Alonso de Ercilla
2929:Alonso de Salazar
2762:Ships of the line
2710:
2709:
2706:
2705:
2588:
2587:
2584:
2583:
2303:
2302:
2299:
2298:
2162:
2161:
2158:
2157:
2134:
2133:
2091:Northern Africa (
2087:Equatorial Guinea
2071:
2070:
2008:
2007:
1923:
1922:
1846:
1845:
1837:Spanish Caribbean
1810:Spanish Louisiana
1786:
1785:
1721:Crown of Castille
1685:
1684:
1662:Spanish Civil War
1637:Adams–Onís Treaty
1617:Nootka Convention
1565:Thirty Years' War
1555:Eighty Years' War
1476:Catholic Monarchs
1466:Timeline–immersed
1420:
1419:
1361:Monterey Colonial
1271:Balconies of Lima
1233:Bridges and roads
1141:
1134:
1127:
1120:
1113:
919:Santiago de Chile
704:Antigua Guatemala
650:
649:
271:978-1-113-71989-8
229:Pope Benedict XVI
3857:
3697:
3663:Chibchan Nations
3592:
3561:Santiago de Cuba
3420:Guadalupe Island
3380:
3107:
3100:
3062:Diego de Almagro
2939:Antonio de Ulloa
2843:Ambrosio Spinola
2838:Pedro de Zubiaur
2808:Alfonso d'Avalos
2798:Antonio de Leyva
2742:Army of Flanders
2727:
2716:
2605:
2594:
2320:
2309:
2179:
2168:
2136:
2109:Peñón of Algiers
2073:
2010:
1925:
1848:
1830:
1788:
1702:
1691:
1612:Seven Years' War
1585:Queen Anne's War
1462:
1447:
1440:
1433:
1424:
1137:
1130:
1123:
1116:
1109:
978:Spanish missions
924:Santiago de Cuba
677:
670:
663:
654:
561:
554:
547:
538:
481:
468:
462:
456:
450:
444:
438:
431:
425:
419:
413:
407:About Us History
404:
398:
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383:
377:
371:
362:
356:
350:
344:
337:
331:
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326:
304:
298:
282:
276:
275:
255:
205:Fidel Villarroel
189:Society of Jesus
132:Quadricentennial
64:(1632), and the
3865:
3864:
3860:
3859:
3858:
3856:
3855:
3854:
3825:
3824:
3823:
3814:
3790:Old inquisition
3702:
3687:
3597:
3570:
3526:Trinidad (1797)
3496:La Noche Triste
3484:
3480:San Juan (1797)
3430:San Juan (1595)
3367:
3256:
3096:Notable battles
3091:
3057:Martín de Ursúa
2988:
2919:Alonso de Ojeda
2889:Juan de la Cosa
2874:Pinzón brothers
2857:
2828:John of Austria
2803:Martín de Goiti
2781:
2721:
2702:
2646:
2599:
2580:
2492:
2488:Terra Australis
2483:Río de la Plata
2428:Castilla de Oro
2414:
2356:
2352:Río de la Plata
2314:
2295:
2254:
2213:
2209:Santa Hermandad
2173:
2154:
2150:Terra Australis
2141:
2130:
2097:Spanish Morocco
2078:
2067:
2058:Northern Taiwan
2019:
2004:
1975:Río de la Plata
1930:
1919:
1853:
1852:Central America
1842:
1824:
1793:
1782:
1726:Crown of Aragon
1707:
1696:
1681:
1597:Bourbon Reforms
1467:
1456:
1451:
1421:
1416:
1402:Mission Revival
1385:
1339:Churrigueresque
1317:
1249:
1228:
1214:Coasts of Chile
1192:
1156:
1005:
989:
973:
899:San Luis Potosí
869:Saint Augustine
687:
681:
651:
646:
633:
607:
576:
565:
489:
484:
478:Wayback Machine
469:
465:
457:
453:
445:
441:
432:
428:
420:
416:
405:
401:
393:
386:
378:
374:
363:
359:
351:
347:
338:
334:
324:
322:
314:The Varsitarian
306:
305:
301:
292:Wayback Machine
283:
279:
272:
257:
256:
252:
248:
197:
184:
140:
110:Pope Innocent X
94:
88:
82:
77:
22:
12:
11:
5:
3863:
3861:
3853:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3827:
3826:
3820:
3819:
3816:
3815:
3813:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3786:
3785:
3775:
3774:
3773:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3707:
3704:
3703:
3700:
3693:
3692:
3689:
3688:
3686:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3644:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3606:Canary Islands
3602:
3599:
3598:
3595:
3588:
3587:
3584:
3583:
3580:
3579:
3576:
3575:
3572:
3571:
3569:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3492:
3490:
3486:
3485:
3483:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3460:Túpac Amaru II
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3405:Bogotá savanna
3402:
3397:
3392:
3386:
3384:
3377:
3373:
3372:
3369:
3368:
3366:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3313:Spanish Armada
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3264:
3262:
3258:
3257:
3255:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3207:White Mountain
3204:
3202:Cape Celidonia
3199:
3197:English Armada
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3113:
3111:
3104:
3097:
3093:
3092:
3090:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2998:
2996:
2990:
2989:
2987:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2974:Juan Fernández
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2949:Diego Columbus
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2865:
2863:
2859:
2858:
2856:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2789:
2787:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2779:
2777:Army of Africa
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2757:Spanish Armada
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2733:
2731:
2723:
2722:
2719:
2712:
2711:
2708:
2707:
2704:
2703:
2701:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2658:Manila galleon
2654:
2652:
2648:
2647:
2645:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2613:
2611:
2601:
2600:
2597:
2590:
2589:
2586:
2585:
2582:
2581:
2579:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2502:
2500:
2494:
2493:
2491:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2424:
2422:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2366:
2364:
2358:
2357:
2355:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2328:
2326:
2316:
2315:
2312:
2305:
2304:
2301:
2300:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2262:
2260:
2256:
2255:
2253:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2221:
2219:
2215:
2214:
2212:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2185:
2183:
2175:
2174:
2172:Administration
2171:
2164:
2163:
2160:
2159:
2156:
2155:
2153:
2152:
2146:
2143:
2142:
2139:
2132:
2131:
2129:
2128:
2093:Western Sahara
2089:
2083:
2080:
2079:
2076:
2069:
2068:
2066:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2024:
2021:
2020:
2013:
2006:
2005:
2003:
2002:
1991:Banda Oriental
1972:
1958:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1928:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1864:
1858:
1855:
1854:
1851:
1844:
1843:
1841:
1840:
1806:Coastal Alaska
1798:
1795:
1794:
1791:
1784:
1783:
1781:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1740:
1739:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1705:
1698:
1697:
1694:
1687:
1686:
1683:
1682:
1680:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1588:
1587:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1478:
1472:
1469:
1468:
1465:
1458:
1457:
1454:Spanish Empire
1452:
1450:
1449:
1442:
1435:
1427:
1418:
1417:
1415:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1393:
1391:
1387:
1386:
1384:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1352:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1325:
1323:
1319:
1318:
1316:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1294:
1293:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1257:
1255:
1251:
1250:
1248:
1247:
1242:
1236:
1234:
1230:
1229:
1227:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1200:
1198:
1197:Fortifications
1194:
1193:
1191:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1164:
1162:
1158:
1157:
1155:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1143:
1142:
1135:
1128:
1121:
1114:
1106:United States
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1013:
1011:
1007:
1006:
1004:
1003:
997:
995:
991:
990:
988:
987:
981:
979:
975:
974:
972:
971:
966:
961:
956:
951:
946:
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
871:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
826:
821:
816:
811:
806:
801:
796:
791:
786:
781:
776:
771:
766:
761:
756:
751:
746:
741:
736:
731:
726:
721:
716:
711:
706:
701:
695:
693:
689:
688:
682:
680:
679:
672:
665:
657:
648:
647:
645:
644:
638:
635:
634:
632:
631:
626:
621:
615:
613:
609:
608:
606:
605:
600:
595:
590:
584:
582:
578:
577:
566:
564:
563:
556:
549:
541:
535:
534:
533:
532:
527:
522:
517:
507:
506:
505:
500:
488:
485:
483:
482:
463:
451:
439:
426:
414:
399:
384:
372:
357:
345:
332:
299:
277:
270:
249:
247:
244:
196:
193:
183:
180:
139:
136:
81:
78:
76:
73:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3862:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3832:
3830:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3784:
3781:
3780:
3779:
3776:
3772:
3769:
3768:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3741:Tapada limeña
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3708:
3705:
3698:
3694:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3623:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3603:
3600:
3593:
3589:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3493:
3491:
3487:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3387:
3385:
3381:
3378:
3374:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3333:Montes Claros
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3273:Vienna (1529)
3271:
3269:
3266:
3265:
3263:
3259:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3114:
3112:
3108:
3105:
3101:
3098:
3094:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3002:Hernán Cortés
3000:
2999:
2997:
2995:
2994:Conquistadors
2991:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2964:Juan de Ayala
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2866:
2864:
2860:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2818:Duke of Savoy
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2790:
2788:
2784:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2734:
2732:
2728:
2724:
2717:
2713:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2655:
2653:
2649:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2617:Dollar (Peso)
2615:
2614:
2612:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2595:
2591:
2577:
2576:Santo Domingo
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2503:
2501:
2499:
2495:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2453:New Andalusia
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2425:
2423:
2421:
2417:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2400:Santo Domingo
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2359:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2329:
2327:
2325:
2324:Viceroyalties
2321:
2317:
2310:
2306:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2263:
2261:
2257:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2216:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2186:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2169:
2165:
2151:
2148:
2147:
2144:
2137:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2084:
2081:
2074:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2026:
2025:
2022:
2017:
2011:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1937:
1936:
1933:
1929:South America
1926:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1859:
1856:
1849:
1838:
1834:
1828:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1814:Spanish Texas
1811:
1807:
1803:
1800:
1799:
1796:
1792:North America
1789:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1773:Franche-Comté
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1718:
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1714:
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1710:
1703:
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1688:
1678:
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1673:
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1668:
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1463:
1459:
1455:
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1425:
1413:
1410:
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1400:
1398:
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1379:
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1289:
1288:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1266:Bahay na bato
1264:
1262:
1259:
1258:
1256:
1252:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1237:
1235:
1231:
1225:
1224:Santo Domingo
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1201:
1199:
1195:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1163:
1159:
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1145:
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1129:
1126:
1122:
1119:
1115:
1112:
1108:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
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1068:
1065:
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1060:
1058:
1055:
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1048:
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1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1014:
1012:
1008:
1002:
999:
998:
996:
992:
986:
983:
982:
980:
976:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
929:Santo Domingo
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
889:San Francisco
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
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697:
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694:
690:
685:
678:
673:
671:
666:
664:
659:
658:
655:
643:
640:
639:
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630:
627:
625:
622:
620:
617:
616:
614:
610:
604:
601:
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591:
589:
586:
585:
583:
579:
574:
570:
562:
557:
555:
550:
548:
543:
542:
539:
531:
528:
526:
523:
521:
518:
516:
513:
512:
511:
508:
504:
501:
499:
496:
495:
494:
491:
490:
486:
479:
475:
472:
467:
464:
460:
455:
452:
448:
443:
440:
436:
430:
427:
423:
418:
415:
411:
408:
403:
400:
396:
391:
389:
385:
381:
376:
373:
369:
366:
361:
358:
354:
349:
346:
342:
336:
333:
320:
316:
315:
310:
303:
300:
296:
293:
289:
286:
281:
278:
273:
267:
263:
262:
254:
251:
245:
243:
241:
237:
232:
230:
225:
223:
219:
216:In 2010, the
214:
211:
206:
202:
192:
190:
181:
179:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
137:
135:
133:
128:
123:
115:
111:
107:
103:
98:
93:
87:
79:
74:
72:
69:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
39:
35:
31:
27:
21:
16:
3716:Architecture
3611:The Americas
3475:Newfoundland
3465:Túpac Katari
3455:Cuerno Verde
3390:Tenochtitlan
3222:Valenciennes
2979:Luis Fajardo
2848:Blas de Lezo
2793:Duke of Alba
2673:Spanish Road
2511:Buenos Aires
2420:Governorates
2189:Ayuntamiento
2182:Organization
1647:Carlist Wars
1495:Italian Wars
1366:Neoclassical
1188:Popocatépetl
884:San Fernando
569:universities
466:
454:
442:
429:
417:
409:
402:
375:
367:
360:
348:
340:
335:
323:. Retrieved
318:
312:
302:
294:
280:
260:
253:
233:
226:
215:
198:
185:
171:
141:
119:
70:
23:
15:
3683:Philippines
3648:El Salvador
3268:Capo d'Orso
3152:St. Quentin
3127:Rome (1527)
2786:Strategists
2536:Guadalajara
2463:New Navarre
2458:New Castile
2443:La Luisiana
2395:Puerto Rico
2385:Philippines
2342:New Granada
2032:Philippines
1993:(Uruguay),
1989:(Bolivia),
1939:New Granada
1879:Puerto Rico
1825: [
1695:Territories
1515:Encomiendas
1381:Territorial
1371:Renaissance
1219:Philippines
1102:Puerto Rico
1097:Philippines
874:San Antonio
849:Panamá City
834:New Orleans
819:Mexico City
794:Los Ángeles
709:Albuquerque
325:November 9,
3829:Categories
3353:Somosierra
3343:Manila Bay
3217:Nördlingen
3157:Gravelines
2637:Columnario
2609:Currencies
2526:Concepción
2498:Audiencias
2473:New Toledo
2438:La Florida
2271:Corregidor
2235:Papal bull
2140:Antarctica
2048:Micronesia
1505:Golden Age
1344:Earthquake
1118:California
1037:Costa Rica
1010:Cathedrals
844:Old Panamá
769:Guanajuato
754:Cuernavaca
739:Cienfuegos
246:References
90:See also:
84:See also:
18:See also:
3658:Nicaragua
3636:Guatemala
3546:Pichincha
3531:Chacabuco
3470:Pensacola
3415:Mataquito
3395:Cajamarca
3376:New World
3348:Trafalgar
3252:Alhucemas
3132:Landriano
3117:Comuneros
3103:Old World
3047:Joan Orpí
2767:Royalists
2541:Guatemala
2468:New Spain
2405:Venezuela
2380:Guatemala
2337:New Spain
2332:Columbian
2225:Exequatur
2125:Cape Juby
1979:Argentina
1802:New Spain
1736:Gibraltar
1500:Habsburgs
1261:Alhóndiga
1152:Venezuela
1132:Louisiana
1077:Nicaragua
1062:Guatemala
1017:Argentina
969:Zamboanga
964:Zacatecas
879:San Diego
380:About USC
164:Dominican
75:Claimants
38:Filipinos
3668:Colombia
3653:Honduras
3566:Asomante
3551:Ayacucho
3541:Carabobo
3516:Curalaba
3293:Ceresole
3187:Gembloux
3147:Mühlberg
2862:Mariners
2720:Military
2642:Doubloon
2627:Maravedí
2571:Santiago
2478:Paraguay
2204:Germania
2044:Caroline
1999:Malvinas
1983:Paraguay
1943:Colombia
1885:Trinidad
1752:Sardinia
1592:Bourbons
1356:Chilotan
1286:Hacienda
1276:Bullring
1204:Presidio
1087:Paraguay
1067:Honduras
1032:Colombia
954:Veracruz
949:Trujillo
914:Santa Fe
894:San Juan
724:Campeche
714:Arequipa
686:articles
612:Colonies
573:colleges
487:See also
474:Archived
288:Archived
227:In 2011
60:(1595),
56:(1590),
52:(1590),
48:(1620),
44:(1611),
3800:Asiento
3771:Mustang
3631:Yucatán
3626:Chiapas
3506:Tucapel
3338:Passaro
3288:Algiers
3278:Preveza
3247:Tetouan
3242:Vitoria
3232:Bitonto
3172:Antwerp
3167:Lepanto
3122:Bicocca
2598:Economy
2521:Charcas
2516:Caracas
2410:Yucatán
2281:Regidor
2266:Alcalde
2194:Cabildo
2101:Tripoli
2040:Mariana
1987:Charcas
1963:(Peru,
1947:Ecuador
1910:Bonaire
1905:Curazao
1890:Jamaica
1818:Florida
1349:Mexican
1329:Baroque
1298:Cabildo
1281:Convent
1245:Tayabas
1147:Uruguay
1125:Florida
1111:Arizona
1052:Ecuador
1022:Bolivia
944:Tayabas
854:Popayán
829:Morelia
809:Malolos
764:Granada
174:or the
3778:Castas
3536:Boyacá
3511:Guiana
3501:Iguape
3425:Recife
3363:Mactan
3358:Annual
3323:Rocroi
3318:Leiden
3303:Djerba
3237:Bailén
3192:Ostend
3177:Azores
2772:Legión
2737:Tercio
2730:Armies
2632:Escudo
2561:Panamá
2556:Mexico
2551:Manila
2506:Bogotá
2291:Vecino
2286:Syndic
2117:Béjaïa
2077:Africa
2063:Tidore
1951:Panama
1915:Belize
1822:Mexico
1748:Sicily
1744:Naples
1706:Europe
1376:Rococo
1334:Andean
1178:Chiloé
1082:Panama
1072:Mexico
1001:Oldest
859:Puebla
839:Oaxaca
824:Mompox
814:Manila
804:Malabo
784:La Paz
779:Iloílo
774:Havana
749:Cuenca
719:Bogotá
581:Europe
575:by era
268:
3673:Chile
3641:Petén
3616:Aztec
3435:Bahia
3410:Penco
3400:Cusco
3328:Downs
3308:Tunis
3227:Ceuta
3212:Breda
3162:Malta
3142:Tunis
3137:Pavia
2651:Trade
2566:Quito
2531:Cusco
2370:Chile
2105:Tunis
2052:Palau
1969:Chile
1900:Aruba
1895:Haiti
1829:]
1758:Milan
1716:Spain
1313:Plaza
1173:Bohol
1139:Texas
1027:Chile
959:Vigan
934:Sucre
864:Quito
759:Cusco
699:Agaña
3678:Inca
3621:Maya
3556:Guam
3489:Lost
3261:Lost
3182:Mons
2622:Real
2546:Lima
2433:Cuba
2375:Cuba
2347:Perú
2123:and
2121:Ifni
2113:Oran
2036:Guam
1965:Acre
1961:Peru
1871:Cuba
1750:and
1092:Peru
1057:Guam
1042:Cuba
939:Taal
799:Lima
789:León
744:Coro
734:Cebú
571:and
435:Cebu
327:2011
266:ISBN
120:The
100:The
3383:Won
3110:Won
2218:Law
2115:,
1835:),
1816:),
321:(9)
3831::
2119:,
2111:,
2107:,
2103:,
2099:,
2095:,
2050:,
2046:,
2042:,
2038:,
2034:,
1997:,
1985:,
1981:,
1967:,
1953:,
1949:,
1945:,
1877:,
1873:,
1827:es
1820:,
1746:,
1483:,
387:^
319:77
317:.
311:.
224:.
191:.
2127:)
2054:)
2030:(
2018:)
2001:)
1977:(
1971:)
1941:(
1881:)
1869:(
1839:)
1804:(
1754:)
1446:e
1439:t
1432:v
676:e
669:t
662:v
560:e
553:t
546:v
343:.
329:.
274:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
