588:
485:
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40:
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contaminating the soil, rivers and water system of an area covering over 850 km. The authors stressed that actions taken by the
Brazilian government, Vale and BHP Billiton to prevent harm were insufficient. On the other hand, BHP claims that although heavy metals were found, the difference in concentration was found not to differ significantly from that found in the 2010 geologic survey. The company said the tailings that entered the Rio Doce were composed of clay and silt from the processing of earth containing iron ore, which is naturally abundant in the region.
423:
56:
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affected by this tragedy. We call upon our communities to provide support to victims. . We pray to God to strengthen and comfort, with your generous love, all who have been affected by this accident". The
Diocese of Itabira and Three Lakes and the East Regional II CNBB, comprising the territories of the States of Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo, also issued notes of solidarity with those affected by tragedy.
575:. Samarco claimed to have implemented all the recommendations from Ávila, and that the dam was in the process of being heightened when the impoundment reached its maximum holding capacity and began to leak. However, Samarco failed to comment specifically about the buttress, and claims that it was never warned about the severity of the structural damages, nor about the imminence of a catastrophic failure.
2514:
625:(US$ 4.8 billion) was issued. The penalty did not include compensation to people affected by the disaster, and the cost of recovering the polluted area. By July 2016, BHP made a provision of US$ 2.3-2.5 billion for costs associated with the compensation agreement between Samarco's shareholders (BHP and Vale) and Brazilian federal, state and municipal authorities.
63:
255:, resulting in flooding that devastated the downstream villages of Bento Rodrigues and Paracatu de Baixo (40 km (25 mi) from Bento Rodrigues), killing 19 people. The extent of the damage caused by the tailings dam collapse is the largest ever recorded with pollutants spread along 668 kilometres (415 mi) of watercourses.
579:
modifications in the design of the dam and the presence of soft slimes in unintended areas on the left abutment of the dam. Another study indicated that the dam failure could not be predicted based on simple limit equilibrium analyses and that only a complex failure mechanism would explain the dam collapse.
640:
In March 2016, Samarco agreed to pay US$ 2.3 billion in compensation. Australia's ABC reported that
Samarco and its joint venture partners would "establish a foundation to develop and execute environmental and socio-economic programs to restore the environment, local communities and social conditions
554:
and the state chambers of Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo each created a special commission to follow the case, and the actions taken. According to the media reports, many of the deputies that composed such commissions had received donations from Vale to finance their campaigns. Such donations, up to
692:
under
Brazilian law against BHP Billiton on behalf of 235,000 Brazilian individuals and organizations, including municipal governments, utility companies, indigenous tribes and the Catholic Church. The lawsuit is one of the biggest legal claims ever filed in a British court. The case, which has been
773:
A United
Nations report shows evidence of the disaster, "50 million tons of iron ore waste, contained high levels of toxic heavy metals and other toxic chemicals in the river Doce". In fact, the scale of the environmental damage is the equivalent of 20,000 Olympic swimming pools of toxic mud waste
741:
The city immediately began a campaign to collect donations for the homeless, stressing the urgent need for donations of toothbrushes, towels, glasses, cutlery, disposable dishes and especially drinking water. Also a bank account was opened to receive cash donations. All municipal events since the
409:
report, the tailings slurry traveled 620 kilometres (390 mi) downriver, eventually reaching the
Atlantic Ocean. Nineteen people were killed, "Entire fish populations – at least 11 tons – were killed immediately when the slurry buried them or clogged their gills", and "the force of the mudflow
377:, a small city located 60 kilometres (37 mi) from Mariana, had residential and commercial buildings flooded by the mud; the district of Gesteira, built on the banks of Gualaxo river, also had houses completely destroyed by the flood; some of the district residents were rescued by helicopter.
753:
said: "We express our most heartfelt sympathy to the families who have had their homes and property destroyed and those who mourn the death of their loved ones, victims of this disaster of incalculable proportions. The point is to unite efforts to minimise the distress and suffering of all those
723:
for its role in the fatal collapse of a mine waste dam in Brazil in 2015, with the number of claimants more than tripling to 700,000. Approximately 100,00 claimants subsequently exited the claim. In April 2024, it was reported that payouts from the court action were to be delayed past original
680:
In August 2018, BHP settled a class action suit in the US for US$ 50 million, with no admission of liability. At the same time, it was facing a class action lawsuit from shareholders in
Australia related to the dam failure and losses incurred by shareholders following company disclosures to the
745:
The
Federal Government, through the Minister's Chief of Staff, Jaques Wagner, put the Federal forces at the disposal of the State of Minas Gerais. The Minister came into contact with the Governor, Fernando Pimentel, to put the Federal forces. Jaques Wagner announced President Dilma Rousseff by
578:
In August 2016, the report of an investigation panel constituted by
Samarco and its shareholders was published online The investigation panel findings indicated that the liquefaction flowsliding resulted from multiple factors, including an increase in the saturation of the tailings due to
355:. At around 4:20pm, a rupture occurred, releasing a large volume of toxic sludge into the Santarém river valley. Bento Rodrigues, which lies 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) away in the valley below the dam, was almost entirely flooded by the cascade of toxic water and
445:
stopped the water intakes due to the mud on the Rio Doce. The next day, a State of Public
Calamity was decreed in response to the water shortage in the city. According to analyses carried out in the city, the mud contains greater than acceptable concentrations of
566:
who was regarded as one of the foremost tailing dam engineers in Brazil, had been contracted by Samarco between 2008 and 2012 to design and oversee the construction of the Fundão dam. From 2013, Ávila was hired part-time as a consultant to inspect the dam, and a
681:
market regarding the safety of the dam. The class action is expected to be one of the largest in Australian history, with 30,000 BHP shareholders involved, with a combined shareholding of 330 million shares, valued at over AU$ 10 billion (at 30 October 2018).
644:
In June 2016, an AUD$ 8 billion civil suit which was reinstated by Brazil's Superior Court after the original agreement was suspended. BHP, along with its Samarco joint venture partner Vale, face a separate $ 55 billion suit lodged by federal prosecutors.
341:
taken from extensive Germano mine, located in the Mariana district of Santa Rita Durão. The Fundão dam was constructed in hills near the village and subdistrict of Bento Rodrigues, located 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) north of Mariana city.
671:
In June 2018, Samarco, Vale and BHP signed an agreement to drop a US$ 7 billion lawsuit and allow two years for the companies to address the greater US$ 55 billion suit seeking social, environmental and economic compensation.
384:
or evacuation routes in the event of dam failure. Had such plans existed, residents may have been able to evacuate in a timely manner to more secure regions. Around 600 people were evacuated to Mariana, and troops of the
437:
The waste also reached the hydroelectric power plant of Risoleta Neves in Santa Cruz do Escalvado within 100 kilometres of Mariana. According to the company that runs the power plant, its functioning was not affected.
2339:
2433:
350:
At approximately 3:30pm on 5 November 2015, the Fundão dam began to leak. Immediately, a team of outsourced employees was sent to the scene, and they tried to mitigate the leak by deflating part of the
289:
The total impact of the disaster, including the reason for failure and the environmental consequences, are officially under investigation and remain unclear. The owner of the Bento Rodrigues dam,
984:
562:
In January 2016, leaked internal documents from 14 months before the disaster revealed that Samarco had been warned about the possibility of the dam collapsing. Joaquim Pimenta de Ávila, an
430:
At around 6:30pm on the day of 5 November, the tailings of iron ore reached the Rio Doce. The river basin has a drainage area of about 86,715 square kilometres, with 86% in Minas Gerais and
2139:
1483:
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2313:
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day of the disaster until 16 November were canceled. The note from the Mayor's Office said that "at this point, the city of Mariana is focused on rescue work and support".
648:
In October 2016 it was reported that Brazilian prosecutors had filed manslaughter and environmental charges against 21 people including top executives of Samarco's owners:
1356:
781:
expressed their condolences. A spokesman commented: "We were told with emotion of the disruption of the mining dams in the State of Minas Gerais in the Southeast region."
1230:
621:, signed in 2016 an agreement with the Brazilian federal and state authorities. In January 2016, the Brazilian government and Samarco reached an agreement and a fine of
571:
he wrote from September 2014 lists severe structural problems on the dam (in the form of cracks) and measures to mitigate them, the main one being the construction of a
2351:
606:(US$ 66.3 million) for the incident. The fine was preliminary and was expected to be increased if the two companies were found guilty of water pollution and damages.
2247:
2593:
587:
1173:
1095:
370:. There was a school in the area where the flood occurred, and the teachers were able to remove the students before the school was flooded by the toxic sludge.
720:
1950:
637:, with each company possessing a 50% stake. As of 2018, the companies remain in negotiations with Brazilian authorities in efforts to settle out of court.
1996:
2154:
716:
against the November 2020 ruling. In July 2022, the Court of Appeal allowed the appeal opening the way for the case to proceed in the English courts.
2194:
2131:
1513:
1491:
2291:
2261:
958:
484:
2408:
2379:
1897:
426:
Satellite images of Bento Rodrigues and the Germano mine before and after the disaster, displaying the flooding and pollution of the Doce River
313:, on its board of directors. Controversy over the investigation grew after a 2013 report, indicating structural issues in the dam, was leaked.
908:
750:
1069:
2112:
1820:
1202:
788:, who performed in Belo Horizonte on 20 November 2015, promised to donate the proceeds of the concert to victims of the disaster. Singer
2568:
1772:"The interplay between home and host logics of accountability in multinational corporations (MNCs): the case of the Fundão dam disaster"
709:
836:
2049:
305:
and environmental damage were filed against 21 executives, including Samarco's former CEO and representatives from Samarco's owners,
55:
2578:
1030:"Fundão tailings dam failures: the environment tragedy of the largest technological disaster of Brazilian mining in global context"
1744:
1715:
1671:
724:
claimant forecasts, with the case now expected to be completed in 2027. Lawyers fees in the case are projected to exceed $ 680m
2563:
2221:
875:
397:
39:
1873:
2588:
2573:
1514:"Vale doou à metade dos deputados da Comissão do Rio Doce. Empresa doou R$ 388,7 mil para os deputados estaduais da Comissão"
1373:
816:
725:
129:
1923:
1428:
1401:
1148:
373:
Other villages and districts in the Gualaxo river valley were also severely affected by the disaster. The midtown area of
1546:
1311:
Pereira, Cássio Cardoso; Fernandes, Stephannie; Fernandes, Geraldo Wilson; Goulart, Fernando Figueiredo (20 August 2024).
1259:
522:
2504:
1487:
846:
551:
122:
76:
1846:
855:
279:
556:
1207:
826:
1771:
422:
801:
719:
In March 2023, it was reported that Australian mining giant BHP faces an enlarged class-action lawsuit seeking
684:
In November 2018, UK-based legal firm SPG Law, now Pogust Goodhead, filed a US$ 5 billion group action in the
1121:
1550:
865:
806:
2173:"Municipio De Mariana & Ors v BHP Group (UK) Ltd & Anor [2022] EWCA Civ 951 (08 July 2022)"
2347:
1516:[Vale has donated to half of the deputies of the commission] (in Portuguese). G1. 9 November 2015.
758:
466:
386:
337:, Brazil. The tailings dam was built by Samarco to accommodate the waste resulting from the extraction of
1596:
Gitirana Jr., Gilson de Farias Neves; Souza, João Paulo Tavares; Moura, Nícolas Rodrigues (12 May 2020).
1461:[Remains of mud reach Bahia near Abrolhos and Trancoso; Ibana notifies Samarco] (in Portuguese).
17:
2583:
685:
248:
111:
2409:"BHP Billiton denies UN claims Brazil dam disaster mud is 'toxic', damage size of 20,000 Olympic pools"
2022:
1041:
442:
252:
2314:"Governo garante apoio à cidade mineira de Mariana, inundada por lama após rompimento de barragens"
1693:
985:"Quase 3 anos após tragédia de Mariana, projeto para novo distrito de Paracatu de Baixo é aprovado"
275:
2558:
2542:
2530:
2484:
2461:
1969:
1802:
471:
2094:"Muncipio De Mariana & Ors v BHP Group Plc [2020] EWHC 2930 (TCC) (9 November 2020)"
2434:"Pearl Jam Calls for Justice in Mariana and Promises to Donate Revenue from Tickets to Victims"
2241:
1794:
1619:
1334:
762:
694:
497:
459:
447:
431:
2076:"Muncipio De Mariana & Ors v BHP Group Plc [2020] EWHC 928 (TCC) (20 April 2020)"
366:' rescue efforts. The only available method of transport into or out of the location was via
2537:
2476:
1786:
1609:
1324:
1049:
705:
568:
526:
381:
2093:
1981:
1462:
792:
gave a speech calling for harsh punishments to be applied to Samarco and others involved.
713:
652:, an Anglo-Australian multinational mining, metals and petroleum company headquartered in
298:
283:
2172:
2075:
1329:
1312:
1637:
1045:
1010:
934:
1429:"The river is dead - The impact of the catastrophic failure of the Fundão tailings dam"
661:
614:
534:
508:
501:
406:
330:
306:
271:
186:
2525:
765:
on 8 November in Belo Horizonte hosted a collection of resources to help the victims.
2552:
2518:
2488:
2462:
The Mariana mining disaster - A journey through Brazil's worst environmental disaster
1806:
1459:"Sinais de lama chegam à Bahia, perto de Abrolhos e Trancoso; Ibama notifica Samarco"
634:
518:
489:
476:, a tributary of the Doce River, due to the toxic substances stored at the facility.
411:
267:
2113:"Court of Appeal reopens landmark £5bn lawsuit against BHP for Brazil dam collapse"
1378:
1235:
1178:
840:
789:
778:
530:
363:
334:
302:
259:
236:
1821:"BHP-owned Samarco agrees to pay Brazil Government $ 3.2 billion for dam collapse"
434:. In total, the river covers 230 municipalities that use its bed for subsistence.
362:
The incident rendered Bento Rodrigues completely inaccessible by road, hindering
1287:"'Profit before people': documents allege BHP execs were warned over deadly dam"
1054:
1029:
991:(in Brazilian Portuguese). Belo Horizonte: Globo Comunicação e Participações S.A
374:
164:
2132:"London judges reverse course to reopen $ 7 bln Brazil dam lawsuit against BHP"
1402:"Samarco mine tragedy: Toxic mud from Brazil mine spill reaches Atlantic Ocean"
1174:"Anger rises as Brazilian mine disaster threatens river and sea with toxic mud"
559:. However, critics argued that the deputies' participation was clearly biased.
2468:
1847:"Samarco staff and BHP executives charged with homicide over Brazil dam spill"
1790:
1313:"Eight years after the Fundão tailings dam collapse: chaos on the muddy banks"
1122:"Sebastião Salgado: "É a maior tragédia ambiental do Brasil. Mas tem solução""
869:
820:
701:
367:
329:
company, near Mariana, a municipality 67 kilometres (42 mi) southeast of
294:
263:
1798:
1770:
Safari, Maryam; Bicudo de Castro, Vincent; Steccolini, Ileana (9 June 2020).
1663:
1623:
1614:
1597:
1338:
144:
131:
785:
689:
664:, the third-largest mining company in the world and the Public Eye People's
657:
653:
352:
1528:"Deputados que vão apurar tragédia em Mariana receberam R$ 2,6 mi da Vale"
2155:"Victims of Brazil's worst environmental disaster to get day in UK courts"
1096:"Acidente na barragem de Samarco é "a maior tragédia ambiental" do Brasil"
555:
R$ 2.6 million are legal, and were reported by the then-candidates to the
401:
An abandoned car caught in the mudflow amidst the ruins of Bento Rodrigues
266:, causing a toxic brown mudflow to pollute the river and beaches near the
1014:
938:
572:
563:
493:
338:
240:
2380:"Brazil Dam's Failure Flooded Region With Toxic Waste, U.N. Report Says"
2288:"Prefeitura de Mariana :: Comunicado sobre as doações de donativos"
1924:"BHP to settle US Samarco class action for $ US50m - Australian Mining"
879:
859:
850:
810:
618:
596:
451:
322:
290:
244:
182:
1260:"Brazil dam disaster: firm knew of potential impact months in advance"
525:
wildlife. The park is considered of vital importance to the Brazilian
704:, the claims were struck out on the grounds that they amounted to an
326:
115:
81:
2480:
1696:[A mud brown become lifeline] (in German). 27 November 2015
746:
accident before loading it back from a trip to Brazil to Brasília.
1571:
1011:"Brazil dam burst: Six months on, the marks left by sea of sludge"
935:"Brazil dam burst: Six months on, the marks left by sea of sludge"
830:
586:
515:
483:
421:
396:
2340:"Cruzeiro arrecadará doações para vítimas de tragédia em Mariana"
2195:"BHP accuses class action law firm of 'losing' 100,000 claimants"
2175:. England and Wales Court of Appeal (Civil Division). 8 July 2022
2290:(in Portuguese). Prefeitura Municipal de Mariana. Archived from
1719:
1374:"Arsenic and mercury found in river days after Brazil dam burst"
693:
the subject of jurisdictional challenge, was delayed due to the
455:
1898:"BHP signs deal to suspend $ 55b Samarco lawsuit for two years"
1716:"Samarco, Brazil move closer on $ 4.8B dam-disaster settlement"
507:
On 22 November, fine waste particles in suspension reached the
777:
The French spokesman for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and
649:
610:
356:
310:
190:
27:
2015 environmental disaster near Mariana, Minas Gerais, Brazil
1028:
Fonseca do Carmo, Flávio; et al. (July–September 2017).
959:"Dam Owned by Iron-Ore Giants Bursts, Flooding Brazil Valley"
878:– a 2020 mining landslide that killed at least 174 people in
514:
On 7 January 2016, fine waste particles reached the southern
2262:"Lawyer fees for class action against BHP top $ 680 million"
2050:"BHP slapped with record lawsuit over Brazil dam collapse"
2023:"BHP faces $ 5 billion claim over 2015 Brazil dam failure"
1997:"BHP class action heats up as 30,000 shareholders sign up"
2469:"Brumadinho Dam Rupture Judicial Class Action Case Study"
2222:"Ação sobre vítimas de Mariana só será concluída em 2027"
1638:"Brazil mining company Samarco suspended over dams burst"
1486:[Abrolhos Marine National Park] (in Portuguese).
1231:"Brazil's mining tragedy: was it a preventable disaster?"
1070:"Boechat: Mariana é a maior tragédia ambiental do Brasil"
1598:"Análise 2D e 3D da Estabilidade da Barragem de Fundão"
1408:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 22 November 2015
1149:"Toxic sludge reaches Atlantic after Brazil dams burst"
380:
Samarco and the neighboring communities did not have a
500:, where fine waste in suspension reached the southern
2502:
858:– a 2010 rupture of an industrial waste reservoir in
521:. Environmentalists are monitoring the impact to the
465:
There are concerns about contamination of the nearby
321:
The Fundão tailings dam was constructed and owned by
1258:
Phillips, Dom; Brasileiro, Davilson (1 March 2018).
909:"Dam burst at mining site devastates Brazilian town"
1951:"BHP says Brazil court approves Samarco settlement"
1664:"Vale and BHP fined for deadly Brazilian dam burst"
1644:. British Broadcasting Corporation. 9 November 2015
957:Willis, Andrew; Stringer, David (7 November 2015).
217:
Two villages devastated, around 200 homes destroyed
213:
205:
197:
178:
170:
160:
121:
106:
91:
1547:"Samarco Warned of Problems at Dam, Engineer Says"
1779:Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal
44:The village of Bento Rodrigues after the disaster
1745:"BHP Billiton's Samarco costs top US$ 3 billion"
1874:"'Worst Company In The World' Award Goes To..."
700:In November 2020, in the High Court sitting in
235:, occurred on 5 November 2015, when the Fundão
2021:Ridley, Kirstin; Lewis, Barbara (7 May 2019).
599:'s activities immediately after the disaster.
602:Next, the Brazilian government fined Samarco
258:The failure of the dam released 43.7 million
8:
1353:Mine tailings storage: Safety is no accident
660:and the world's largest mining company, and
32:
2246:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
952:
950:
948:
903:
901:
899:
897:
895:
550:On the first quarter of November 2015, the
410:destroyed 1,469 hectares (3,630 acres) of
38:
31:
1613:
1328:
1053:
286:when their water supplies were polluted.
282:and cities along the Doce River suffered
18:Disruption of the Dams of Bento Rodrigues
1694:"Eine schlammbraun gewordene Lebensader"
1203:"BHP Billiton rebuts Samarco dam report"
1034:Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation
480:Contamination of southern Atlantic Ocean
450:, substances harmful to health, such as
2509:
891:
633:Vale and BHP Billiton own Samarco as a
62:
2402:
2400:
2373:
2371:
2369:
2239:
1977:
1967:
1602:Revista Eletrônica de Engenharia Civil
1484:"Parque Nacional Marinho dos Abrolhos"
983:Trajano, Humberto (3 September 2016).
849:– a 2000 spill of cyanide tailings in
595:The Minas Gerais government suspended
274:17 days later. The disaster created a
2594:November 2015 events in South America
1739:
1737:
1576:THE FUNDÃO TAILINGS DAM INVESTIGATION
1201:Dunckley, Mathew (13 November 2015).
833:that caused the deaths of 268 people.
751:Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mariana
7:
1330:10.3897/natureconservation.56.133441
2413:Australian Broadcasting Corporation
2111:Thicknesse, Edward (27 July 2021).
1995:Danckert, Sarah (30 October 2018).
1872:Rapoza, Kenneth (30 January 2012).
529:since it hosts the greatest marine
2407:Stephen Letts (26 November 2015).
2142:from the original on 27 July 2021.
1229:Phillips, Dom (25 November 2015).
915:. AFP and Reuters. 6 November 2015
837:Merriespruit tailings dam disaster
25:
2378:Paul Kiernan (25 November 2015).
2350:. 6 November 2015. Archived from
1128:(in Portuguese). 19 November 2015
1102:(in Portuguese). 21 November 2015
868:– a 2019 tailings dam failure in
839:– a 1994 tailings dam failure in
829:– a 1985 tailings dam failure in
819:– a 1979 tailings dam failure in
809:– a 1971 tailings dam failure in
706:abuse of the process of the court
609:Succumbing to external pressure,
591:Samarco president Ricardo Vescovi
2536:
2524:
2512:
2130:Ridley, Kirstin (27 July 2021).
1672:British Broadcasting Corporation
1545:Paul Kiernan (17 January 2016).
1147:Rifai, Ryan (22 November 2015).
1076:(in Portuguese). 9 November 2015
61:
54:
1457:Hédio Júnior (7 January 2016).
726:BHP continues to deny the claim
2153:Weston, Phoebe (8 July 2022).
817:Church Rock uranium mill spill
1:
1488:Brazilian Ministry of Tourism
872:, Brazil, killing 270 people.
721:damages of up to $ 65 billion
552:Brazilian Chamber of Deputies
523:Abrolhos Marine National Park
1285:Timson, Lia (4 March 2019).
847:2000 Baia Mare cyanide spill
247:Mariana Mining Complex near
2467:Nogueira, Elton P. (2021).
2266:Australian Financial Review
2199:Australian Financial Review
2048:Gluyas, Alex (8 May 2019).
1055:10.1016/j.pecon.2017.06.002
856:Ajka alumina plant accident
807:Certej tailings dam failure
546:Investigation of the causes
441:On 9 November, the city of
293:, was subject to extensive
2610:
2569:Mining disasters in Brazil
2220:PODER360 (23 April 2024).
1382:. London. 25 November 2015
1182:. London. 22 November 2015
876:Hpakant jade mine disaster
557:Brazilian Election Justice
262:of mine tailings into the
2228:(in Brazilian Portuguese)
2001:The Sydney Morning Herald
1791:10.1108/AAAJ-03-2019-3912
1363:2015. Accessed June 2018.
1208:The Sydney Morning Herald
827:Val di Stava dam collapse
757:A football match between
418:Contamination of Rio Doce
389:were deployed to assist.
95:5 November 2015
49:
37:
2579:2015 disasters in Brazil
1615:10.5216/reec.v16i1.53450
1040:(3). Elsevier: 145–151.
802:List of non-water floods
641:of the affected areas."
2384:The Wall Street Journal
1551:The Wall Street Journal
866:Brumadinho dam disaster
708:. On 27 July 2021, the
535:southern Atlantic Ocean
488:Satellite image of the
2564:Dam failures in Brazil
712:granted the claimants
668:award winner of 2012.
592:
504:
427:
402:
387:Brazilian Armed Forces
301:. In 2016, charges of
110:Germano mine complex,
2589:2015 mining disasters
2574:Tailings dam failures
1436:London Mining Network
1427:Robson, Paul (2017).
1291:Sydney Morning Herald
686:High Court of Justice
676:Class action lawsuits
590:
492:of the Doce River in
487:
425:
400:
251:, Brazil, suffered a
249:Mariana, Minas Gerais
145:20.23139°S 43.44250°W
112:Mariana, Minas Gerais
887:Notes and references
843:, killing 17 people.
813:, killing 89 people.
583:Sanctions to Samarco
467:Rio Gualaxo do Norte
443:Governador Valadares
270:when it reached the
253:catastrophic failure
233:Samarco dam disaster
227:, also known as the
225:Mariana dam disaster
150:-20.23139; -43.44250
77:class=notpageimage|
33:Mariana dam disaster
1949:Reuters Editorial.
1532:noticias.uol.com.br
1317:Nature Conservation
1046:2017PEcoC..15..145C
276:humanitarian crisis
141: /
80:Bento Rodrigues in
34:
2440:. 23 November 2015
2294:on 9 November 2015
1980:has generic name (
1674:. 13 November 2015
913:Al Jazeera English
728:in its entirety.
629:Legal consequences
593:
505:
428:
403:
333:, in the state of
206:Non-fatal injuries
2346:(in Portuguese).
2054:Australian Mining
1928:Australian Mining
1853:. 21 October 2016
1722:. 22 January 2016
1351:United Nations,
695:COVID-19 pandemic
278:as hundreds were
221:
220:
16:(Redirected from
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1785:(8): 1761–1789.
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1490:. Archived from
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823:, United States.
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613:, together with
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569:technical report
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382:contingency plan
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2354:on 18 July 2018
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2320:(in Portuguese)
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2268:. 8 August 2024
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1930:. 9 August 2018
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714:leave to appeal
710:Court of Appeal
678:
631:
622:
603:
585:
548:
543:
482:
469:
420:
405:According to a
395:
348:
319:
297:and government
284:water shortages
239:at the Germano
229:Bento Rodrigues
214:Property damage
149:
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143:
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132:
130:
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127:
98:
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69:Bento Rodrigues
66:
45:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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2456:External links
2454:
2452:
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2396:
2365:
2348:Belo Horizonte
2331:
2305:
2279:
2253:
2212:
2201:. 30 June 2024
2186:
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2145:
2122:
2103:
2098:www.bailii.org
2085:
2080:www.bailii.org
2067:
2040:
2013:
1987:
1941:
1915:
1904:. 26 June 2018
1889:
1864:
1838:
1827:. 3 March 2016
1812:
1762:
1751:. 28 July 2016
1733:
1707:
1685:
1655:
1629:
1608:(2): 123–136.
1588:
1563:
1537:
1519:
1505:
1494:on 8 July 2015
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1357:Report summary
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784:American band
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604:R$ 250 million
584:
581:
547:
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509:Atlantic Ocean
502:Atlantic Ocean
498:Espírito Santo
481:
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432:Espírito Santo
419:
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407:United Nations
394:
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347:
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331:Belo Horizonte
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272:Atlantic Ocean
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1024:
1021:
1017:. 5 May 2016.
1016:
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1006:
1003:
990:
986:
979:
976:
964:
960:
953:
951:
949:
945:
941:. 5 May 2016.
940:
936:
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927:
914:
910:
904:
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669:
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666:Worst Company
663:
659:
655:
651:
646:
642:
638:
636:
635:joint venture
628:
626:
623:R$ 20 billion
620:
616:
612:
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589:
582:
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560:
558:
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533:in the whole
532:
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519:littoral zone
517:
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109:
105:
94:
90:
83:
78:
57:
48:
41:
36:
30:
19:
2584:Minas Gerais
2492:. Retrieved
2472:
2442:. Retrieved
2437:
2428:
2418:28 September
2416:. Retrieved
2412:
2387:. Retrieved
2383:
2356:. Retrieved
2352:the original
2343:
2334:
2322:. Retrieved
2317:
2308:
2296:. Retrieved
2292:the original
2282:
2272:13 September
2270:. Retrieved
2265:
2256:
2232:13 September
2230:. Retrieved
2225:
2215:
2205:13 September
2203:. Retrieved
2198:
2189:
2177:. Retrieved
2167:
2159:The Guardian
2158:
2148:
2135:
2125:
2116:
2106:
2097:
2088:
2079:
2070:
2058:. Retrieved
2053:
2043:
2031:. Retrieved
2026:
2016:
2004:. Retrieved
2000:
1990:
1958:. Retrieved
1954:
1944:
1932:. Retrieved
1927:
1918:
1906:. Retrieved
1901:
1892:
1880:. Retrieved
1876:
1867:
1855:. Retrieved
1850:
1841:
1829:. Retrieved
1824:
1815:
1782:
1778:
1765:
1753:. Retrieved
1748:
1724:. Retrieved
1710:
1698:. Retrieved
1688:
1676:. Retrieved
1667:
1658:
1646:. Retrieved
1641:
1632:
1605:
1601:
1591:
1579:. Retrieved
1575:
1566:
1554:. Retrieved
1540:
1531:
1522:
1508:
1496:. Retrieved
1492:the original
1478:
1466:. Retrieved
1452:
1440:. Retrieved
1435:
1422:
1410:. Retrieved
1405:
1396:
1384:. Retrieved
1379:The Guardian
1377:
1368:
1360:
1352:
1347:
1320:
1316:
1306:
1294:. Retrieved
1290:
1280:
1268:. Retrieved
1264:The Guardian
1263:
1253:
1241:. Retrieved
1236:The Guardian
1234:
1224:
1212:. Retrieved
1206:
1196:
1184:. Retrieved
1179:The Guardian
1177:
1168:
1156:. Retrieved
1152:
1142:
1130:. Retrieved
1125:
1116:
1104:. Retrieved
1099:
1090:
1078:. Retrieved
1073:
1064:
1037:
1033:
1023:
1005:
993:. Retrieved
988:
978:
966:. Retrieved
962:
929:
917:. Retrieved
912:
841:South Africa
790:Eddie Vedder
783:
779:Romain Nadal
776:
772:
756:
748:
744:
740:
718:
699:
683:
679:
670:
665:
650:BHP Billiton
647:
643:
639:
632:
611:BHP Billiton
608:
601:
594:
577:
561:
549:
531:biodiversity
513:
506:
464:
448:heavy metals
440:
436:
429:
404:
379:
372:
364:firefighters
361:
349:
335:Minas Gerais
320:
311:BHP Billiton
303:manslaughter
288:
260:cubic metres
257:
243:mine of the
237:tailings dam
232:
228:
224:
222:
191:BHP Billiton
179:Participants
29:
2543:Environment
2531:Engineering
2494:20 December
2444:30 November
2389:27 November
2358:30 November
2324:13 November
2298:13 November
2056:. Melbourne
1882:30 November
1700:30 November
1678:13 November
1648:11 November
1412:30 November
1243:24 December
1214:13 November
1186:24 December
1158:30 November
1132:30 November
1106:30 November
1100:Rede Angola
1080:30 November
470: [
375:Barra Longa
165:Dam failure
148: /
123:Coordinates
2553:Categories
2179:10 October
2060:8 November
2006:7 November
1960:7 November
1934:7 November
1908:7 November
1857:7 November
1831:7 November
1755:7 November
1726:22 January
1556:22 January
1442:8 November
1153:Al Jazeera
995:8 November
968:7 November
919:6 November
870:Brumadinho
821:New Mexico
702:Manchester
368:helicopter
317:Background
295:litigation
264:Doce River
136:43°26′33″W
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