982:
1795:
1585:
1398:
1308:
1108:
904:
766:
593:
245:
1469:(or, it could be argued after a Budget or other important bill has failed to pass). This has never happened, and, in the past, taoisigh have requested dissolutions before votes of no confidence have taken place, so as to force a general election rather than a handover of Government. A Dáil must be dissolved, and then a general election held, within five years of its first meeting.
1513:(the Senate) is not, and may continue to meet during an election campaign for the Dáil. However, as many members of the Seanad are typically involved in election campaigns for the Dáil, the Seanad does not typically meet often, if at all, once the Dáil is dissolved. A general election for the Seanad must take place within 90 days of the election of the new Dáil.
62:, any of which begins a period of inactivity after which it is anticipated that the same members will reassemble. For example, the "second session of the fifth parliament" could be followed by the "third session of the fifth parliament" after a prorogation, but would be followed by the "first session of the sixth parliament" after a dissolution.
1547:: "In consultation with the presiding officers of Parliament, the President may dissolve one or both Houses of Parliament. The President of the Republic may not exercise such right during the final six months of the presidential term unless said period coincides in full or in part with the final six months of Parliament."
826:, and it retains its legislative power until new members have been elected. In practice the Folketing will cancel all its ongoing business when an election is called, to give the members time to campaign, but it can reconvene in case a national emergency requires urgent legislation before the election takes place.
2480:
Art. 14. Verificada a impossibilidade de manter-se o
Conselho de Ministros por falta de apoio parlamentar, comprovada em moções de desconfiança, opostas consecutivamente a três Conselhos, o Presidente da República poderá dissolver a Câmara dos Deputados, convocando novas eleições que se realizarão no
2317:
It is also clarified that the decree of dissolution of the
Venezuelan congress entails the call for elections for a new legislature, which must be held in the next 60 days. In addition, this section indicates that the Parliament can not be dissolved during the last year of its constitutional period.
230:
are dissolved automatically twenty-five days before the last
Saturday in November every four years. However, the governor can dissolve the Legislative Assembly if a motion of no confidence in the premier and the other ministers of state is passed and no motion of confidence is passed within the next
1481:
and remained as taoiseach in an acting capacity. At the fourth attempt, the Dáil eventually re-elected
Haughey as taoiseach. Had he requested a dissolution, it would probably have been accepted by the President on the grounds that the Dáil could not form a Government, but the President would have
77:
the old assembly if need be. Because of this peculiarity, Westminster systems also have automatically-triggered dissolutions when the assembly reaches the end of a fixed or maximum term, since the act of dissolution itself is synonymous with the end of the assembly's term, and elections cannot be
1653:
calls early elections with
Presidential approval due to gridlock, if no government is formed after 42 days of consultation with parties' floor leaders in the Knesset, if the budget is not approved by the Knesset by 31 March (3 months after the start of the fiscal year), or if half of the Knesset
65:
In most
Continental European countries, dissolution does not have immediate effect – that is, a dissolution merely triggers an election, but the old assembly itself continues its existing term and its members remain in office until the new assembly convenes for the first time. In those systems,
508:
1570:
to find someone who might be appointed prime minister and lead a new government with the confidence of both Houses. The
President dissolves Parliament only if the groups fail to find an agreement to form a majority coalition; the actual power of dissolution is in practice also shared by the
2306:
Article 236 of the
Constitution establishes which are the functions to be performed by the first national president; Paragraph 23 of this section states that one of the powers of the president is: "Dissolve the National Assembly in accordance with the provisions of this Constitution."
1294:) of the parliament and prorogues them. They also have the power to dissolve the Lok Sabha pursuant to Article 75(2)(b). When Parliament is dissolved, all bills pending within the Lok Sabha lapse. However, bills in the Rajya Sabha never lapse, and can remain pending for decades.
197:
in 1975. Kerr claimed that dissolving the House of
Representatives was his duty and "the only democratic and constitutional solution" to the political deadlock over supply. Whitlam refused to advise Kerr to call an election, and Kerr replaced him with a caretaker prime minister,
1571:
Parliament, political parties, and by the outgoing prime minister. Since the
Constitution of Italy came into force in 1948, the Italian Parliament has been dissolved nine times before the end of its five-year term, in 1972, 1976, 1979, 1983, 1987, 1994, 1996, 2008 and 2022.
1657:
However, strictly speaking, the Knesset is only truly dissolved – in the sense of being unconstituted and all MKs losing their seats – automatically 14 days after elections, simultaneously with the start of the newly elected Knesset's term.
2024:
may dissolve the Parliament. President shall not dissolve Parliament until the expiration of a period of not less than 2 years and 6 months from the date appointed for its first meeting, unless Parliament by resolution requests the President to dissolve Parliament.
867:
In the first, third, and fourth cases above, the President must call an early election. In the second case, however, a Government that has lost the confidence of the Riigikogu is not obliged to request an early election. This occurred in 2016, when Prime Minister
1472:
There are two notable instances when the President did not dissolve Dáil Éireann: 1989 and 1994. In the first instance, the newly elected Dáil failed to elect a Taoiseach when it first met (and at a number of meetings afterward). The incumbent taoiseach
2490:
406:
This was the first of the eighteen times that the legislature was dissolved, the Imperial Constitution and its quasi-parliamentary model formalized the Emperor's power to dissolve the Chamber of Deputies (the Senate was not elected). During the
2178:(Welsh Parliament) are held the first Thursday in May every five years. This extension from a four- to five-year term was designed to prevent Senedd elections clashing with general elections to the Westminster Parliament subsequent to the
513:
erified the impossibility of maintaining the Council of Ministers for lack of parliamentary support, proven in motions of no confidence, consecutively opposed to three Councils, the President of the Republic may dissolve the Chamber of
440:
After the Proclamation of the Republic, in 1889, a Constituent Congress was convened to prepare the first republican charter, which came into force in 1891. However, on 3 November of that year, the National Congress would be closed by
723:
The chamber does not pass a motion of confidence to the government formed by the prime minister who was recommended by the speaker of the chamber (Who can do so after 2 failed government with a prime minister appointed solely by the
2153:
Under section 3 of the Scotland Act 1998, if the parliament itself resolves that it should be dissolved (with at least two-thirds of the members voting in favour), or if the parliament fails to nominate one of its members to be
747:
Before such practice was made possible by amending the Constitution in 2009, Chamber of Deputies was once dissolved in 1998 by passing a special constitutional act, which shortened its term, but such practice was blocked by the
1180:, or if a newly elected Bundestag proves unable to elect a chancellor with absolute majority. The second possibility has never occurred, but the Bundestag was dissolved in 1972, 1982, and 2005 when the then-ruling chancellors
1247:
if Legislative Council passes a bill but the chief executive refuses to give assent and returns the bill, after which the Council passes the bill again with a two-thirds majority and the Chief Executive again refuses to give
2545:
1497:
left a coalition with Fianna Fáil, but did not request a dissolution, in order that his successor in Fianna Fáil might forge a new coalition with Labour. Labour, however, went into Government with the main opposition party,
715:
may be dissolved by the president when at least one condition specified by the constitution is fulfilled. The Senate can never be dissolved. After the dissolution, snap elections are to be held no later than after 60 days.
886:
Likewise, if a Government loses a no confidence vote and requests an early election, the President can refuse the Government's request if it appears a successor government could command the support of the Riigikogu.
2000:, with previous deliberation on the Cabinet, can also dissolve the Cortes. As an exception, if after two months of an unsuccessful president-investment, there is no president, the king dissolves the Cortes.
1772:
to dissolve the National Assembly. The president is bound to do so within 48 hours after receiving the prime minister's summary, after which time the National Assembly is automatically dissolved. Before the
1694:
specifies that all members of the House can serve up to a four-year term. So far, however, parliaments have been dissolved prematurely with the exception of 9 December 1976 and 31 October 2021 dissolution.
1702:, however, cannot be dissolved but only closed, and may, in times of national emergency, be convoked for an emergency session. Its members serve a fixed six-year term, with half of the seats, and the
688:
170:. The term of the House expires three years after its first meeting if not dissolved earlier. The governor-general can dissolve the Senate only by also dissolving the House of Representatives (a
2275:, the President does not have the authority to dismiss Congress at his preference. To date, the presidential authority to prorogue Congress has never been used, although in 2020 President
2122:, the following general election, scheduled for 7 May 2020, was postponed to 6 May 2021 for the same reason, although this became a moot point when a snap UK general election was held in
842:, Estonia's unicameral parliament, are held on the first Sunday of March in the fourth year following the preceding parliamentary election. However, the Riigikogu can be dissolved by the
1543:, the last six months of his seven-year term, unless that period coincides at least in part with the final six months of the Parliament's five-year term, as stated in Article 88 of the
968:
and after consultations with the parliamentary groups while the Parliament is in session. In prior versions of the constitution, the President had the power to do this unilaterally.
736:
The chamber passes a motion of dissolution by a constitutional majority (120 out of 200 deputies must support it). President is obliged to dissolve the chamber if such motion passes.
42:) is the simultaneous termination of service of all of its members, in anticipation that a successive legislative assembly will reconvene later with possibly different members. In a
2552:
740:
Since the formation of the Czech Republic, the Chamber of Deputies was only dissolved once. In 2013, by passing a motion of dissolution after a lengthy crisis following the fall of
2310:
In statement 240 explains that will dissolve the Parliament when in a same constitutional period the Assembly approve the removal of the vice president of the country by means of
519:
The then President of the Republic never exercised this attribution and the return to the presidential system stripped him of any competence to dissolve the Chamber of Deputies.
2816:
860:
The Riigikogu submits a proposed law to a referendum, and that proposed law fails to receive a majority of the votes cast in the referendum, per Section 105 of the Constitution.
537:(AI-2) gave the President of the Republic the power to decree the recess of the two Houses of the National Congress, and during this period he had the prerogative to legislate.
1774:
2039:
1757:, the country's lower house, dissolves automatically at the end of its five-year term, after which general elections must be held within 60 days. The upper house, called the
1482:
also been within his rights to refuse it. It is thought that Haughey chose not to do so but instead to go into a historic coalition because of poor opinion polls showing his
2060:
to dissolve Parliament back to The Crown. Without early dissolution by the monarch, each Parliament consists of five years, and is then otherwise automatically dissolved.
343:
850:
Following the resignation of the outgoing Government, a new Government is unable to be formed according to the procedure established by Section 89 of the Constitution.
2894:
2118:
postponed the general election that would have been held on 7 May 2015 to 5 May 2016 to avoid it coinciding with the UK general election fixed under that act. By the
470:, as Head of the Provisional Government, Vargas dissolved the National Congress, the state legislative assemblies and the municipal chambers. Pressured by the failed
2845:
681:
to dissolve Parliament. Also, the House of Commons automatically dissolves after five years, although, as of 2024, no House of Commons has yet survived that long.
2045:
560:
issued AI-5, an institutional act that began the most repressive and violent period of the dictatorship, closing the National Congress to combat subversion and "
2191:
2052:
may, at any time, dissolve Parliament. This is usually done "on request" of the prime minister. The Dissolution and Calling of Parliament Act 2022 repealed the
1161:
1875:
1074:
A dissolution of the National Assembly most recently occurred when in June 2024, when President Emmanuel Macron dissolved the National Assembly to prompt the
2111:
1889:
415:, the Chamber of Deputies was dissolved on several occasions, almost always when the clash between conservatives and liberals or between legislators and the
182:
1859:
if a vote of no confidence is passed three times by the legislative body, and has four months to call for new parliamentary elections or faces impeachment.
1071:
must be held within twenty to forty days. The National Assembly elected following such a dissolution cannot be dissolved within the first year of its term.
73:, however, a dissolution legally ends the existence of the assembly, resulting in a temporary power vacuum, which may be filled in special circumstances by
2082:(effectively joint first ministers, the only distinction being in the titles) within six weeks of its first meeting or of those positions becoming vacant.
302:
2158:
within certain time limits, the presiding officer proposes a date for an extraordinary general election and the parliament is dissolved by the monarch by
3226:
1812:
1602:
1415:
1325:
1125:
921:
783:
610:
262:
3192:
1965:
1381:
1781:
came into effect, the president could dissolve the National Assembly without the prime minister's advice by using Article 58-2(B) of the Constitution.
339:
After dissolution, elections must be held within 40 days, and the new chambers must convene within three months (within two months from 1831 to 2014).
2254:
712:
2870:
2079:
1173:
2607:
2582:
1879:
2326:
1562:
by the Parliament, or after general elections, the President has to consult the speakers of the two houses of Parliament, the delegations of the
3089:
3140:
863:
The Riigikogu fails to approve a national budget within two months of the beginning of the financial year, per Section 119 of the Constitution.
2768:
2322:
2143:
2139:
2103:
2099:
1703:
385:
186:
1916:
candidates proposed by the President. Both houses can be dissolved. No dissolution of the Parliament has taken place in Romania since 1991.
2131:
2127:
2123:
822:
at any time, and is obliged to call one before the incumbent membership's four-year terms expire. However, the Folketing is never formally
317:
3041:
324:. A royal order originally could dissolve the Chamber, the Senate, or both. However, the last dissolution of one chamber only happened in
66:
ordinarily scheduled elections are held before the assembly reaches the end of a fixed or maximum term, and do not require a dissolution.
2793:
477:
On 10 November 1937, now President of the Republic elected by the same National Congress, Vargas staged a coup d'état, establishing the
155:
2948:
3010:
2974:
2467:
2147:
2107:
1373:
541:
2426:
2227:
1834:
1671:
1624:
1437:
1347:
1203:
The Bundestag is automatically dissolved four years after the last general election, and most Bundestags have lasted the full term.
1147:
943:
805:
632:
284:
1365:
677:, the prime minister must either resign and permit another member of the House of Commons to form a government, or else advise the
2388:
in the Senate. Each of the planets in the Empire are left under the control of regional governors, with fear of the newly created
846:
and fresh elections called prior to the expiration of its four-year term if one of the following four circumstances should occur:
3256:
2231:
1856:
1465:(prime minister). The president may only deny such a dissolution if the taoiseach has lost the confidence of the Dáil, through a
1083:
1075:
1056:
571:, in 1977, through the "April package", after the National Congress rejected a constitutional amendment. Geisel alleged that the
549:
396:
185:
that the Governor-General only orders a dissolution on the advice of the prime minister. This convention was demonstrated in the
2723:
2926:
2338:
2179:
2115:
2053:
1722:
1233:
749:
528:
1885:
Both of the presidents were immediately impeached and removed from office by the dissolved Congress, thus being illegitimate.
1709:
The emperor both convokes the Diet and dissolves the House of Representatives, but only does so on the advice of the Cabinet.
1477:
was obliged constitutionally to resign, however, he initially refused to. He eventually tendered his resignation to President
2418:
2272:
2250:
1816:
1606:
1419:
1329:
1223:
1129:
925:
787:
700:
614:
400:
384:
In May 1823, eight months after Independence, the first brazilian legislative experience began, with the installation of the
325:
306:
266:
223:
1654:
members vote in favor of early elections. This call for early elections is legally called the "Dissolution of the Knesset".
3166:
2898:
2300:
2205:
1973:
1754:
1726:
572:
227:
163:
2119:
1506:, would not have allowed a dissolution had Reynolds requested one. To date, no president has ever refused a dissolution.
533:
During the twenty-one years of the military dictatorship (1964–1985), the National Congress was "suspended" three times.
305:(Art. 195 Const.). Since the First World War, elections have always been called with either of these actions, except for
97:" called by an executive seeking to increase its legislative support, or an election triggered by parliament withholding
2209:
1699:
1269:
1229:
1197:
857:, and the Government proposes (within three days of the no-confidence motion) that the President call an early election.
692:
471:
467:
421:
363:
194:
2457:
Sir John Kerr’s Statement of Reasons for the dismissal of Gough Whitlam, issued by Government House on 11 November 1975
1870:
in April 1992 by dismantling both the legislative and judicial branches of government, and once by incumbent President
2516:
2381:
2369:
2330:
1953:
367:
167:
2792:
2481:
prazo máximo de noventa dias, a que poderão concorrer os parlamentares que hajam integrado os Conselhos dissolvidos.
388:, with the task of drafting the country's first Constitution. Six months later, in confrontation with the Deputies,
2242:
2235:
2155:
1765:
678:
658:
646:
416:
333:
1960:
has not been exercised under the current constitution of 1993. Before the new constitution was enacted, President
1086:
in order to secure a new parliament more sympathetic to his policies, which ultimately failed when the opposition
2292:
2069:
2009:
1937:
1913:
1718:
1361:
1037:
965:
854:
498:
489:" with a appointed Federal Council and a Chamber of Deputies that could be dissolved, elections were never held.
408:
175:
1044:
to increase the authority of the presidency, including providing the ability to dissolve the National Assembly.
741:
2406:
1969:
1949:
1778:
1650:
1087:
1060:
1052:
666:
435:
86:
142:, the expression "dissolution of parliament" typically refers to the dissolution of the lower house, just as "
2110:
etc.) The date of the poll may be varied by up to one month either way by the monarch on the proposal of the
231:
week. Finally, the premier can advise the governor to dissolve both houses in the case of a deadlocked bill.
2402:
2396:
2373:
2311:
2017:
1997:
1901:
1805:
1687:
1595:
1559:
1555:
1408:
1318:
1118:
961:
914:
835:
776:
662:
603:
503:
During the brief parliamentary experience from 1961 to 1963 as a way to allow the inauguration of President
359:
329:
255:
2296:
2246:
2021:
1925:
1738:
1494:
1369:
1091:
1048:
1033:
1013:
557:
482:
355:
219:
90:
2633:
332:, only the Chamber could be dissolved, with the Senate being automatically dissolved as well. Since 2014
50:. Dissolution is distinct on the one hand from abolition of the assembly, and on the other hand from its
2422:
1909:
1769:
1691:
1544:
1466:
1283:
1257:
1253:
670:
98:
2421:
and then dissolving the British Parliament after it attempts to abolish the royal assent, leading to a
2530:
2230:, and General Gage's attempts to suppress widespread dissent along the colonists directly lead to the
575:(then the opposition party on a unequal bipartisanship controlled by the military) had established a "
2414:
1945:
1905:
1848:
1458:
1207:
1193:
1169:
957:
873:
843:
727:
The chamber fails to pass the government proposed law linked to the motion of confidence in 3 months.
215:
143:
82:
74:
35:
2329:
dissolved the National Assembly and assumed its legislative powers. The decision was viewed by the
2095:
2075:
1929:
1563:
1275:
1237:
1189:
1068:
1029:
1021:
685:
442:
310:
211:
202:. Fraser promptly advised a double dissolution, and Sir John acted in accordance with that advice.
138:, or may apply only to the lower house, with the upper house never fully dissolved. In a bicameral
105:
systems also allow early dissolutions, usually by the legislature voting to dissolve itself (as in
102:
59:
2078:
of the total number of its members. It is also automatically dissolved if it is unable to elect a
2821:
2610:[Dissolution of the National Assembly: first round of legislative elections on June 30].
2280:
2268:
2159:
1758:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1279:
1196:. On the last two occasions, the decree of dissolution was challenged without success before the
1177:
534:
445:
412:
171:
139:
70:
3021:
1871:
1450:
3033:
3011:
Yeltsin: shadow of a doubt - Boris Yeltsin | National Interest, The | Find Articles at BNET.com
2502:
1244:
if the Legislative Council fails to pass the appropriation bill or any other important bill; or
3200:
2774:
2764:
2680:
2377:
2346:
2263:
2091:
2057:
1867:
1852:
1567:
1534:
1510:
1377:
1211:
1064:
1025:
463:
392:
389:
159:
2672:
2359:
2201:
2013:
1993:
1863:
1683:
1679:
1551:
876:
696:
674:
650:
379:
321:
123:, the president dissolving the legislature at the cost of facing a new election themselves.
47:
1200:. No president has yet refused a dissolution of the Bundestag when the choice came to him.
1539:
1490:
1478:
1474:
1232:, who is the head of the territory and head of government, has the power to dissolve the
1041:
869:
504:
2698:
995:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
3063:
2748:
2385:
2171:
1649:(late September through early November) four years after the previous elections if the
1483:
1079:
654:
568:
448:, with the legislature reinstated after the attempt was deemed a coup and he resigned.
199:
119:
2846:"Lapsing of Bills waste of Lok Sabha time, rethink provision: Venkaiah to Rajya Sabha"
2676:
2660:
2608:"Dissolution de l'assemblée nationale : premier tour des législatives le 30 juin"
3250:
3114:
2557:
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1989:
1961:
1941:
1675:
1503:
880:
190:
110:
94:
17:
2999:
2920:
1645:
can be called before the scheduled date of the third Tuesday in the Jewish month of
395:
dissolved the assembly, ordered the arrest and exile of some deputies and created a
2410:
2349:. After several days, the decision was reversed on the advice of President Maduro.
2276:
1181:
1017:
2257:
of 1787 agreed on the need to limit presidential authority to prevent a return to
960:
can dissolve the parliament and call for an early election. As per the version of
336:, only the Chamber can be dissolved, as the Senate is no longer directly elected.
552:
was considered a revolution by the military) that had formed in the legislature "
2876:. The official website of the Presidency of the Italian Republic. Archived from
2253:
when Congress is unable to agree on a time of adjournment. The delegates to the
2217:
2213:
2195:
1794:
1584:
1397:
1307:
1291:
1185:
1107:
903:
765:
592:
244:
135:
131:
55:
51:
2801:
2760:
2392:
to prevent dissent and ensure the planets' continued allegiance to the Empire.
2389:
2333:
and many members of the international community, including the United States,
1957:
1933:
1454:
478:
457:
39:
3204:
2778:
2684:
1976:
of 1993, although he did not have the formal constitutional powers to do so.
3090:"The American Founders made sure the president could never suspend Congress"
2877:
2756:
2365:
2342:
2258:
2049:
1721:
can be dissolved or prorogued at any time during its three-year term by the
1509:
One feature of the Irish system is that although the Dáil is dissolved, the
1499:
1462:
1287:
1165:
839:
819:
127:
43:
3000:
Constitution of Russia. Chapter 6. The Government of the Russian Federation
474:, Vargas was forced to call elections for a National Constituent Assembly.
2897:. Prime Minister of Japan and His Cabinet. 3 November 1946. Archived from
1952:
three times in a row. At the same time, the president cannot dissolve the
2334:
2222:
1862:
The Congress of Peru has been dissolved twice; once in 1992 by President
1745:(parliament) cannot be dissolved before serving its full four-year term.
1742:
1646:
1192:
deliberately lost votes of confidence in order that there could be fresh
328:; both chambers were always dissolved together since then. With the 1993
853:
The Riigikogu passes a motion of no confidence in the Government or the
2491:
cs:Ústavní zákon o zkrácení pátého volebního období Poslanecké sněmovny
1956:, the upper house of the Federal Parliament. The power to dissolve the
1819: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1642:
1609: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1422: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1332: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1132: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
928: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
790: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
617: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
567:
The last person to decree the closure of the legislature was President
298:
269: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
114:
964:
currently in use, the president can do this only upon proposal by the
890:
As of 2018, every convocation of the Riigikogu has run its full term.
2468:"Parlamento brasileiro foi fechado ou dissolvido 18 vezes - Notícias"
2175:
1638:
106:
1256:
in 1997, the Legislative Council could be dissolved any time at the
2975:"Peru's president dissolves congress hours before impeachment vote"
1537:; however, the President loses this authority during the so-called
1036:, was invited to form a new government and constitution during the
1985:
1667:
730:
The chamber adjourns its meeting for a time longer than 120 days.
2661:"The Return of the Left: The 1997 French Parliamentary Election"
1384:, prompting his impeachment to be rapidly finalized that night.
481:. He closed the legislature and instituted a new, authoritarian
130:
legislature, dissolution may apply jointly or separately to the
3064:"American Revolution | Causes, Battles, Aftermath, & Facts"
691:
may also be dissolved at any time for the same reasons, by the
3141:"Trump threatens to adjourn Congress to push through nominees"
1948:
twice in two months or rejects his proposed candidate for the
1788:
1578:
1391:
1301:
1101:
975:
897:
883:
to form the next government without an election taking place.
759:
586:
238:
3227:"Venezuela high court reverses move to strip congress' power"
2949:"Peru's president dissolves Congress, which then votes in VP"
1282:
is the head, to facilitate the law-making process as per the
301:, dissolution occurs either by royal order or by law upon a
2517:"Prime Minister loses no confidence vote, forced to resign"
2503:"The Constitution of the Republic of Estonia–Riigi Teataja"
2094:, as originally passed, ordinary general elections for the
1376:. Written in the article 7C, this was done after President
733:
The chamber is not quorate for a time longer than 3 months.
2134:, the "normal" term was extended to five years, which was
872:
lost a no confidence motion. His government resigned, and
485:. Despite the new charter determining the convening of a "
3193:"President Maduro strips Venezuela's parliament of power"
3191:
Graham-Harrison, Emma; López, Virginia (19 August 2017).
2220:. In practice, the majority of the colony came under the
1502:. It has been speculated that the president at the time,
2192:
Article II, Section 3, Clause 3 of the U.S. Constitution
2098:
are held on the first Thursday in May every four years (
1380:
attempted to prorogue the DPR on 23 July 2001 through a
1214:' governments as such rather than specific individuals.
309:. A third scenario, dissolution by law due to a vacant
174:) and only in limited circumstances spelled out in the
2634:"French President Dissolves Parliament, Sets Election"
1082:
previously dissolved the National Assembly before the
346:
cannot be dissolved; they have fixed five-year terms.
2425:
which forces Charles to abdicate in favor of his son
1486:
party would lose seats in a second General Election.
426:
reached a degree considered too high by the Emperor.
3167:"Venezuela's high court dissolves National Assembly"
2889:
2887:
2074:
The Assembly can vote to dissolve itself early by a
1274:
Legislative power is constitutionally vested in the
1040:
he directed the constitutional committee chaired by
507:
under strong political and military opposition, the
2040:
Dissolution of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
562:
ideologies contrary to the traditions of our people
2551:(in French). charles-de-gaulle.org. Archived from
2817:"Citizenship amendment, triple talaq bills lapse"
1678:(parliament) can be dissolved at any time by the
699:. All provinces and territories have established
1988:, legislatures last four years, after which the
1912:only if the Parliament rejects two consecutive
1533:, until which the powers of the old parliament
2724:"Clause XXVIIIA, Hong Kong Royal Instructions"
2046:Dissolution and Calling of Parliament Act 2022
1210:, cannot be dissolved, as its members are the
218:have very little discretion in dissolving the
1286:. The President summons both the Houses (the
386:General, Constituent and Legislative Assembly
109:), but sometimes by executive action in more
8:
3115:"The Avalon Project : Federalist No 69"
2196:Prorogation of Congress in the United States
2070:Northern Ireland Assembly § Composition
1090:won the election against Chirac's party the
2531:"President appoints Jüri Ratas' government"
2403:2017 television adaptation of the same name
2126:(a further UK general election was held in
1020:, there was originally a weak role for the
818:The government can call an election to the
303:Declaration of Revision of the Constitution
3022:Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011, section 4
2295:authorizes, through various articles, the
2249:, instead allowing for prorogation by the
1063:and the presidents of the two chambers of
546:grouping of counter-revolutionary elements
544:decreed recess for a month, to contain a "
2753:Introduction to the Constitution of India
2376:after his seizure of power in the former
1904:, voted in 1991 and revised in 2003, the
1888:On 7 December 2022 the President of Peru
1835:Learn how and when to remove this message
1625:Learn how and when to remove this message
1438:Learn how and when to remove this message
1348:Learn how and when to remove this message
1206:The second federal legislative body, the
1148:Learn how and when to remove this message
944:Learn how and when to remove this message
806:Learn how and when to remove this message
713:Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Republic
633:Learn how and when to remove this message
358:, there is no formal way to dissolve the
285:Learn how and when to remove this message
78:held in anticipation of a dissolution.
2080:first minister and deputy first minister
1878:in October 2019 in an effort to end the
1706:, up for re-election every three years.
1059:at any time after consultation with the
210:Unlike the Commonwealth Parliament, the
2450:
2208:'s legislature was dismissed under the
2020:is 5 years from the first meeting. The
554:with the aim of disrupting public peace
2279:threatened to use it in order to make
2245:does not allow for the dissolution of
653:, can be dissolved at any time by the
316:Dissolution by law dissolves both the
162:, can be dissolved at any time by the
81:Early dissolutions may be possible in
3034:"Scottish Elections (Dates) Act 2016"
2929:from the original on 10 November 2021
2323:2017 Venezuelan constitutional crisis
1554:, which can be freely decided by the
7:
3225:Sanchez, Hannah Dreier and Fabiola.
3044:from the original on 25 October 2016
2413:to a parliamentary bill restricting
2293:Bolivarian Constitution of Venezuela
2174:, ordinary general elections to the
2132:Scottish Elections (Reform) Act 2020
1817:adding citations to reliable sources
1607:adding citations to reliable sources
1420:adding citations to reliable sources
1330:adding citations to reliable sources
1130:adding citations to reliable sources
926:adding citations to reliable sources
788:adding citations to reliable sources
615:adding citations to reliable sources
462:The legislature was closed twice by
267:adding citations to reliable sources
3165:Romo, Rafael, ed. (30 March 2017).
2659:Hainsworth, Paul (1 January 1998).
2120:Scottish Elections (Dates) Act 2016
1880:2017–2021 Peruvian political crisis
146:" means member of the lower house.
89:, to resolve conflicts between the
2544:Charles De Gaulle (16 June 1946).
1924:Under Articles 111 and 117 of the
1855:has the authority to dissolve the
752:, when it was tried again in 2009
556:". On 13 December 1968, President
509:Additional Act to the Constitution
46:, the new assembly is chosen by a
25:
3139:Bresnahan, John (15 April 2020).
3088:Gould, Eliga (3 September 2019).
2677:10.1093/oxfordjournals.pa.a028777
2583:"Constitution of October 4, 1958"
2358:In the 1977 science fiction film
2228:Massachusetts Provincial Congress
1364:enacted on 18 August 2001 by the
1360:Since the third amendment of the
2844:Ghosh, Abantika (22 June 2019).
2728:Legislative Council of Hong Kong
2699:"Article 51, Basic Law of HKSAR"
2232:Battles of Lexington and Concord
2212:and the colony was placed under
2034:Parliament of the United Kingdom
1793:
1583:
1529:, and consequently call for new
1396:
1306:
1106:
1084:1997 French legislative election
1076:2024 French legislative election
980:
902:
764:
719:The chamber can be dissolved if
695:on the advice of the provincial
591:
243:
113:presidential systems, or, as in
2339:Organization of American States
2180:Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011
2116:Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011
2054:Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011
1804:needs additional citations for
1725:, usually on the advice of the
1594:needs additional citations for
1493:resigned as taoiseach when the
1407:needs additional citations for
1372:can not dissolve or freeze the
1317:needs additional citations for
1117:needs additional citations for
913:needs additional citations for
775:needs additional citations for
669:. If the government is refused
602:needs additional citations for
529:Military dictatorship in Brazil
254:needs additional citations for
93:and the legislature; either a "
2922:日本宣布解散眾議院！31日將迎大選 二戰後首度任期屆滿後改選
2251:President of the United States
1890:attempted to dissolve Congress
1525:has the authority to dissolve
1224:Hong Kong Basic Law Article 46
540:On 20 October 1966, President
1:
2806:See Part V, Articles ] and ].
2384:and growing sympathy for the
2380:, after the beginning of the
2216:under the command of General
1974:Russian constitutional crisis
1966:Congress of People's Deputies
1849:Peruvian Constitution of 1993
1755:National Assembly of Pakistan
1550:After the resignation of the
1067:. After the declaration, new
2795:Constitution of India (1950)
2368:dissolves the Senate of the
2226:control of the unrecognized
2210:Massachusetts Government Act
2114:. However, section 4 of the
1270:Lawmaking procedure in India
472:Constitutionalist Revolution
2895:"The Constitution of Japan"
2587:www2.assemblee-nationale.fr
2327:Supreme Tribunal of Justice
2166:National Assembly for Wales
838:, regular elections to the
403:, which he signed in 1824.
3273:
2871:"The Italian Constitution"
2572:. Greenwood Press. p. 180.
2243:United States Constitution
2206:Massachusetts Bay Province
2189:
2067:
2037:
1704:Speaker of the Councillors
1457:) can be dissolved by the
1267:
1221:
526:
496:
493:Republican Parliamentarism
455:
433:
377:
318:Chamber of Representatives
101:from the government. Some
27:Dispersal of a legislature
2614:(in French). 10 June 2024
2271:stressed that unlike the
2255:Constitutional Convention
2234:and the beginning of the
2130:). Eventually, under the
2064:Northern Ireland Assembly
1940:, if it either expresses
1936:, the lower house of the
1641:, early elections to the
1362:Constitution of Indonesia
989:This section needs to be
499:Fourth Brazilian Republic
87:semi-presidential systems
2921:
1970:Supreme Soviet of Russia
1779:Constitution of Pakistan
1672:House of Representatives
1453:(the lower house of the
1236:under Article 51 of the
1168:can be dissolved by the
1055:can be dissolved by the
1049:1958 French Constitution
1047:Under Article 12 of the
436:First Brazilian Republic
156:House of Representatives
3257:Parliamentary procedure
3068:Encyclopedia Britannica
2568:W. Scott Haine (2000).
2090:Under section 2 of the
2018:Parliament of Sri Lanka
1761:, cannot be dissolved.
1682:, on the advice of the
1461:, on the advice of the
1030:presidential government
836:Constitution of Estonia
535:Institutional Act No. 2
344:regions and communities
2138:already the practice (
2022:President of Sri Lanka
1876:dissolved the Congress
1739:Constitution of Norway
1092:Rally for the Republic
1014:French Fourth Republic
834:Per Section 60 of the
742:Petr Nečas' government
334:constitutional reforms
330:constitutional reforms
313:, has never occurred.
220:Parliament of Victoria
206:Parliament of Victoria
2763:. pp. 181, 184.
2665:Parliamentary Affairs
2570:The History of France
2423:constitutional crisis
2331:Venezuelan opposition
2273:King of Great Britain
1902:Romanian Constitution
1692:Constitution of Japan
1560:vote of no confidence
1545:Constitution of Italy
1467:vote of no confidence
1254:handover of Hong Kong
962:the 2000 constitution
577:minority dictatorship
523:Military dictatorship
166:on the advice of the
99:confidence and supply
58:, or the ending of a
18:Dissolving parliament
2880:on 27 November 2016.
2546:"Discours de Bayeux
2415:freedom of the press
2372:, itself rendered a
1946:Government of Russia
1926:Russian Constitution
1813:improve this article
1775:Eighteenth Amendment
1768:can also advise the
1700:House of Councillors
1603:improve this article
1564:parliamentary groups
1416:improve this article
1326:improve this article
1198:Constitutional Court
1126:improve this article
958:President of Finland
922:improve this article
844:President of Estonia
784:improve this article
750:Constitutional Court
701:fixed election dates
611:improve this article
417:Council of Ministers
263:improve this article
224:Legislative Assembly
216:governor of Victoria
193:by Governor General
144:member of parliament
36:legislative assembly
3119:avalon.law.yale.edu
2925:. 14 October 2021.
2901:on 14 December 2013
2533:. 23 November 2016.
2281:recess appointments
2096:Scottish Parliament
2086:Scottish Parliament
2076:two-thirds majority
2056:, and returned the
1892:but was impeached.
1388:Republic of Ireland
1382:presidential decree
1276:Parliament of India
1238:Hong Kong Basic Law
1234:Legislative Council
1022:president of France
693:Lieutenant Governor
487:National Parliament
364:Chamber of Deputies
342:Parliaments of the
228:Legislative Council
71:Westminster systems
60:legislative session
3038:legislation.gov.uk
2850:The Indian Express
2822:The Economic Times
2519:. 9 November 2016.
2382:Galactic Civil War
2269:Alexander Hamilton
2200:In 1774 after the
2160:royal proclamation
1964:had dissolved the
1954:Federation Council
1523:president of Italy
1178:vote of confidence
468:Revolution of 1930
446:Deodoro da Fonseca
354:Under the current
189:of prime minister
172:double dissolution
140:Westminster system
2981:. 7 December 2022
2955:. 7 December 2022
2770:978-81-8038-559-9
2755:(20th ed.).
2638:Los Angeles Times
2378:Galactic Republic
2301:National Assembly
2264:Federalist No. 69
2236:Revolutionary War
2112:presiding officer
2092:Scotland Act 1998
2058:royal prerogative
2008:According to the
1932:may dissolve the
1908:may dissolve the
1900:According to the
1866:who performed an
1853:president of Peru
1845:
1844:
1837:
1737:According to the
1635:
1634:
1627:
1568:senators for life
1558:, or caused by a
1448:
1447:
1440:
1378:Abdurrahman Wahid
1358:
1357:
1350:
1170:federal president
1160:According to the
1158:
1157:
1150:
1053:National Assembly
1026:Charles de Gaulle
1010:
1009:
954:
953:
946:
816:
815:
808:
643:
642:
635:
511:determined that "
368:National Congress
295:
294:
287:
16:(Redirected from
3264:
3242:
3241:
3239:
3237:
3222:
3216:
3215:
3213:
3211:
3188:
3182:
3181:
3179:
3177:
3162:
3156:
3155:
3153:
3151:
3136:
3130:
3129:
3127:
3125:
3111:
3105:
3104:
3102:
3100:
3094:The Conversation
3085:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3074:
3060:
3054:
3053:
3051:
3049:
3030:
3024:
3019:
3013:
3008:
3002:
2997:
2991:
2990:
2988:
2986:
2971:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2960:
2945:
2939:
2938:
2936:
2934:
2917:
2911:
2910:
2908:
2906:
2891:
2882:
2881:
2875:
2867:
2861:
2860:
2858:
2856:
2841:
2835:
2834:
2832:
2830:
2813:
2807:
2805:
2799:
2789:
2783:
2782:
2745:
2739:
2738:
2736:
2734:
2720:
2714:
2713:
2711:
2709:
2695:
2689:
2688:
2656:
2650:
2649:
2647:
2645:
2630:
2624:
2623:
2621:
2619:
2604:
2598:
2597:
2595:
2593:
2579:
2573:
2566:
2560:
2556:
2541:
2535:
2534:
2527:
2521:
2520:
2513:
2507:
2506:
2499:
2493:
2488:
2482:
2478:
2472:
2471:
2464:
2458:
2455:
2398:King Charles III
2299:to dissolve the
2202:Boston Tea Party
2014:legislative term
1994:Cortes Generales
1938:Federal Assembly
1864:Alberto Fujimori
1857:Congress of Peru
1840:
1833:
1829:
1826:
1820:
1797:
1789:
1723:governor-general
1686:, headed by the
1630:
1623:
1619:
1616:
1610:
1587:
1579:
1552:Cabinet of Italy
1443:
1436:
1432:
1429:
1423:
1400:
1392:
1353:
1346:
1342:
1339:
1333:
1310:
1302:
1190:Gerhard Schröder
1153:
1146:
1142:
1139:
1133:
1110:
1102:
1028:, who favored a
1024:. However, when
1005:
1002:
996:
984:
983:
976:
949:
942:
938:
935:
929:
906:
898:
877:Kersti Kaljulaid
811:
804:
800:
797:
791:
768:
760:
679:governor general
659:Governor General
647:House of Commons
638:
631:
627:
624:
618:
595:
587:
550:1964 Coup d'Etat
425:
397:Council of State
380:Empire of Brazil
290:
283:
279:
276:
270:
247:
239:
164:governor-general
48:general election
21:
3272:
3271:
3267:
3266:
3265:
3263:
3262:
3261:
3247:
3246:
3245:
3235:
3233:
3224:
3223:
3219:
3209:
3207:
3190:
3189:
3185:
3175:
3173:
3164:
3163:
3159:
3149:
3147:
3138:
3137:
3133:
3123:
3121:
3113:
3112:
3108:
3098:
3096:
3087:
3086:
3082:
3072:
3070:
3062:
3061:
3057:
3047:
3045:
3032:
3031:
3027:
3020:
3016:
3009:
3005:
2998:
2994:
2984:
2982:
2973:
2972:
2968:
2958:
2956:
2947:
2946:
2942:
2932:
2930:
2923:
2919:
2918:
2914:
2904:
2902:
2893:
2892:
2885:
2873:
2869:
2868:
2864:
2854:
2852:
2843:
2842:
2838:
2828:
2826:
2815:
2814:
2810:
2791:
2790:
2786:
2771:
2747:
2746:
2742:
2732:
2730:
2722:
2721:
2717:
2707:
2705:
2697:
2696:
2692:
2658:
2657:
2653:
2643:
2641:
2640:. 22 April 1997
2632:
2631:
2627:
2617:
2615:
2606:
2605:
2601:
2591:
2589:
2581:
2580:
2576:
2567:
2563:
2555:on 17 May 2011.
2543:
2542:
2538:
2529:
2528:
2524:
2515:
2514:
2510:
2501:
2500:
2496:
2489:
2485:
2479:
2475:
2466:
2465:
2461:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2436:
2417:after becoming
2370:Galactic Empire
2355:
2314:, three times.
2289:
2198:
2188:
2168:
2088:
2072:
2066:
2042:
2036:
2031:
2006:
1996:. However, the
1982:
1922:
1898:
1872:Martín Vizcarra
1841:
1830:
1824:
1821:
1810:
1798:
1787:
1751:
1735:
1715:
1664:
1631:
1620:
1614:
1611:
1600:
1588:
1577:
1540:semestre bianco
1519:
1491:Albert Reynolds
1479:Patrick Hillery
1475:Charles Haughey
1444:
1433:
1427:
1424:
1413:
1401:
1390:
1354:
1343:
1337:
1334:
1323:
1311:
1300:
1278:, of which the
1272:
1266:
1230:chief executive
1226:
1220:
1154:
1143:
1137:
1134:
1123:
1111:
1100:
1088:Socialist Party
1038:May 1958 crisis
1006:
1000:
997:
994:
985:
981:
974:
950:
939:
933:
930:
919:
907:
896:
832:
812:
801:
795:
792:
781:
769:
758:
709:
639:
628:
622:
619:
608:
596:
585:
531:
525:
501:
495:
460:
454:
438:
432:
419:
382:
376:
366:(Houses of the
352:
291:
280:
274:
271:
260:
248:
237:
208:
152:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3270:
3268:
3260:
3259:
3249:
3248:
3244:
3243:
3217:
3183:
3157:
3131:
3106:
3080:
3055:
3025:
3014:
3003:
2992:
2966:
2940:
2912:
2883:
2862:
2836:
2808:
2784:
2769:
2740:
2715:
2690:
2651:
2625:
2599:
2574:
2561:
2536:
2522:
2508:
2494:
2483:
2473:
2459:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2443:
2442:
2435:
2432:
2431:
2430:
2427:Prince William
2407:Prince Charles
2405:center around
2395:The 2014 play
2393:
2386:Rebel Alliance
2354:
2351:
2347:Nicolás Maduro
2288:
2285:
2187:
2184:
2172:Wales Act 2014
2167:
2164:
2156:first minister
2087:
2084:
2065:
2062:
2038:Main article:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2029:United Kingdom
2027:
2012:, the maximum
2005:
2002:
1998:prime minister
1992:dissolves the
1981:
1978:
1950:prime minister
1921:
1918:
1914:prime minister
1897:
1894:
1843:
1842:
1801:
1799:
1792:
1786:
1783:
1766:prime minister
1750:
1747:
1734:
1731:
1727:prime minister
1714:
1711:
1688:prime minister
1663:
1660:
1651:prime minister
1633:
1632:
1591:
1589:
1582:
1576:
1573:
1556:prime minister
1518:
1515:
1511:Seanad Éireann
1446:
1445:
1404:
1402:
1395:
1389:
1386:
1356:
1355:
1314:
1312:
1305:
1299:
1296:
1265:
1262:
1250:
1249:
1245:
1222:Main article:
1219:
1216:
1212:federal states
1156:
1155:
1114:
1112:
1105:
1099:
1096:
1080:Jacques Chirac
1061:prime minister
1032:with a strong
1008:
1007:
988:
986:
979:
973:
970:
966:prime minister
952:
951:
910:
908:
901:
895:
892:
865:
864:
861:
858:
855:prime minister
851:
831:
828:
814:
813:
772:
770:
763:
757:
754:
738:
737:
734:
731:
728:
725:
708:
707:Czech Republic
705:
667:prime minister
655:King of Canada
649:, but not the
641:
640:
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430:First Republic
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375:
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360:Federal Senate
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204:
200:Malcolm Fraser
168:prime minister
158:, but not the
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2186:United States
2185:
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2128:December 2019
2125:
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2047:
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2026:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1990:king of Spain
1987:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1962:Boris Yeltsin
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
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1939:
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1927:
1919:
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1858:
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1592:This section
1590:
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789:
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771:
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623:December 2010
616:
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600:This section
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594:
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558:Costa e Silva
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275:December 2010
268:
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252:This section
250:
246:
241:
240:
234:
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229:
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195:Sir John Kerr
192:
191:Gough Whitlam
188:
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2979:the Guardian
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2899:the original
2878:the original
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2612:Vie publique
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2010:Constitution
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1284:Constitution
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1159:
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1124:Please help
1119:verification
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1018:World War II
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915:verification
912:
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683:
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604:verification
601:
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356:constitution
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256:verification
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176:Constitution
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479:Estado Novo
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181:There is a
136:upper house
132:lower house
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3150:17 January
3124:26 January
3099:26 January
3073:26 January
2985:7 December
2959:7 December
2933:15 October
2802:Wikisource
2761:LexisNexis
2733:5 February
2708:5 February
2558:Categories
2446:References
2390:Death Star
2353:In fiction
2337:, and the
2190:See also:
2170:Under the
2068:See also:
2044:Under the
1958:State Duma
1934:State Duma
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1719:Parliament
1527:parliament
1455:Oireachtas
1268:See also:
1174:chancellor
1065:Parliament
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879:nominated
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2361:Star Wars
2343:self-coup
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2259:autocracy
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2050:the Crown
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1531:elections
1500:Fine Gael
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1370:President
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1280:President
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1194:elections
1166:Bundestag
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1069:elections
1057:President
1034:executive
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874:President
840:Riigikogu
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187:dismissal
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2644:16 April
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972:France
675:supply
663:advice
657:or by
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583:Canada
350:Brazil
322:Senate
311:throne
160:Senate
107:Cyprus
3048:7 May
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1668:Japan
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1264:India
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