330:, and membership may be exchanged. Governance is conducted through a series of proposals that members vote on through the blockchain, and the possession of more governance tokens often translates to greater voting power. Contributions from members towards the organizational goals of a DAO can sometimes be tracked and internally compensated. Inactive holders of governance tokens can be a major obstacle for DAO governance, which has led to implementations allowing voting power to be delegated to other parties.
1937:
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The precise legal status of this type of business organization is generally unclear, and may vary by jurisdiction. On 1 July 2021, Wyoming became the first US state to recognize DAOs as a legal entity. American CryptoFed DAO became the first business entity so recognized. Some previous approaches to
391:
A DAO's code is difficult to alter once the system is up and running, including bug fixes that would be otherwise trivial in centralized code. Corrections to a DAO require writing new code and agreement to migrate all the funds. Although the code is visible to all, it is hard to repair, thus leaving
284:
in any decentralized digital interaction or cryptocurrency transaction. The costs of a blockchain-enabled transaction and of the associated data reporting may be substantially offset by the elimination of both the trusted third party and of the need for repetitive recording of contract exchanges in
403:
campaign to date. Researchers pointed out multiple problems with The DAO's code. The DAO's operational procedure allowed investors to withdraw at will any money that had not yet been committed to a project; the funds could thus deplete quickly. Although safeguards aimed to prevent gaming
318:, built on a blockchain and launched in 2015, has been described as meeting that Turing threshold, thus enabling such DAOs. Decentralized autonomous organizations aim to be open platforms through which individuals control their identities and their personal data.
419:
or hostile takeovers that upend its voting structures especially if the voting power is based upon the number of tokens one owns. An example of this occurred in 2022, when one individual collected enough tokens to give themselves voting control over
346:
Another risk is the concentration of power in the case that individuals accumulate large amounts of tokens that grant voting power. Concentration of these tokens defeats the ambitions to distribute governance power. In a study of
404:
shareholders' votes to win investments, there were a "number of security vulnerabilities". These enabled an attempted large withdrawal of funds from The DAO to be initiated in mid-June 2016. On 20 July 2016, the
372:. Known participants, or those at the interface between a DAO and regulated financial systems, may be targets of regulatory enforcement or civil actions if they are out of compliance with the law.
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437:
249:
The governance of DAOs is subject to controversy. As these typically allocate and distribute tokens that grant voting rights, their accumulation may lead to concentration of power.
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DAO governance is coordinated using tokens or NFTs that grant voting powers. Admission to a DAO is limited to people who have a confirmed ownership of these governance tokens in a
1567:
1495:
178:
1281:
Deegan, P. (2014). "Chapter 14—The
Relational Matrix: The Free and Emergent Organizations of Digital Groups and Identities". In Clippinger, J. H.; Bollier, D. (eds.).
998:
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Tokens that grant voting powers are often not used to vote. Inactive or non-voting shareholders in DAOs often disrupt the organization's possible functionality.
215:. In general terms, DAOs are member-owned communities without centralized leadership. The precise legal status of this type of business organization is unclear.
810:
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proposed that after a DAO is launched, it might be organized to run without human managerial interactivity, provided the smart contracts are supported by a
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creating an operational and autonomous Trust
Framework ntegrate with a secure discovery service in the form of a Decentralized Autonomous Organization ...
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different records. For example, the blockchain data could, in principle and if regulatory structures permit it, replace public documents such as
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Although the term may be traced back to the 1990s, it was not until 2013 that it became more widely adopted. Although some argue that
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368:. Although often of uncertain legal standing, a DAO may functionally be a corporation without legal status as a corporation: a
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38:
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published an "Entity selection framework" describing organizational alternatives for DAOs with a substantial presence in the
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1688:"Tokens of the defunct DAO that failed to buy a copy of the constitution are worth $ 300 million even after disbanding"
2007:
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1370:
973:
268:
Decentralized autonomous organizations are typified by the use of blockchain technology to provide a secure digital
3081:
2840:
2477:
1461:
1226:
Norta, A. (2015-08-18). "Creation of Smart-Contracting
Collaborations for Decentralized Autonomous Organizations".
126:
111:
1207:
Wright, A.; De
Filippi, P. (2015-03-10). "Decentralized Blockchain Technology and the Rise of Lex Cryptographia".
549:
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1758:"Ross Ulbricht Went to Jail for Letting People Buy Drugs With Bitcoin. Can These Crypto Obsessives Get Him Out?"
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Barbereau, Tom; Smethurst, Reilly; Papageorgiou, Orestis; Sedlmeir, Johannes; Fridgen, Gilbert (May 2023).
30:
This article is about a type of organization. For the former organization that followed this approach, see
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1997:
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DAOs, the distribution of tokens was shown to be highly concentrated among a small population of holders.
219:
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managed in whole or in part by decentralized computer program, with voting and finances handled through a
31:
1263:
1165:"Decentralised Finance's timocratic governance: The distribution and exercise of tokenised voting rights"
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2017:
2012:
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blockchain. Most
Ethereum miners and clients switched to the new fork while the original chain became
3056:
2581:
2505:
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2457:
2383:
1902:"Someone Just Stole $ 50 Million from the Biggest Crowdfunded Project Ever (Humans Can't Be Trusted)"
649:
277:
2762:
2515:
2447:
1462:"A Legal Framework for Decentralized Autonomous Organizations, Part II: Entity Selection Framework"
942:
The Age of
Cryptocurrency: How Bitcoin and the Blockchain Are Challenging the Global Economic Order
842:
821:
376:
369:
311:
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136:
1784:"OFFICIAL: KFI Mining & KLV Burn to launch March 22 - All KLV Used to Mine KFI will be Burned"
17:
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2022:
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1303:
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1113:
913:
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1803:"How Crypto's Original Bubble Boy Rode Ethereum And Is Now Pulling The Strings Of The DeFi Boom"
1283:
From
Bitcoin to Burning Man and Beyond: The Quest for Identity and Autonomy in a Digital Society
226:'s mining reward—then worth more than US$ 70 million in May 2016, and was hacked and drained of
1084:"Beyond financial regulation of crypto-asset wallet software: In search of secondary liability"
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known security holes open to exploitation unless a moratorium is called to enable bug fixing.
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2717:
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2437:
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1486:"Ethereum's $ 150-million Blockchain-powered Fund Opens Just as Researchers Call For a Halt"
1336:
1176:
1095:
895:
290:
243:
96:
999:"The DAO of accrue: A new, automated investment fund has attracted stacks of digital money"
2951:
2901:
2712:
511:
307:
294:
141:
234:
weeks later. The hack was reversed in the following weeks, and the money restored, via a
1877:"Revealed: The Crypto Fans Who Secretly Paid $ 4 Million for Pharma Bro's Wu-Tang Album"
1324:
436:
and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by
2777:
2707:
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2561:
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2309:
2081:
2076:
2047:
1978:
1636:"'Cypherpunks have rallied to Assange': NFT auction raises $ 52m for WikiLeaks founder"
1446:
815:
491:
301:
262:
231:
1936:
70:
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2086:
1490:
1356:
1323:
Zhao, Xi; Ai, Peilin; Lai, Fujun; Luo, Xin (Robert); Benitez, Jose (September 2022).
1190:
1117:
917:
569:
483:
380:
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2120:
400:
298:
208:
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was the first DAO, the term is only understood today as organizations deployed as
1230:. Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. Vol. 229. pp. 3–17.
1017:
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to track digital interactions across the internet, hardened against forgery by
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2732:
2619:
2571:
2497:
2199:
2194:
1992:
1852:"MoonDAO Will Pick 2 of the Next Blue Origin Astronauts With the Help of NFTs"
212:
146:
1913:
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1109:
909:
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487:
235:
1587:"Digital currency Ethereum is cratering amid claims of a $ 50 million hack"
1133:"Digital currency Ethereum is cratering amid claims of a $ 50 million hack"
700:
A group of art collectors who own the sole copy of the Wu Tang Clan album
546:
Decentralized
Governance, Protocol Upgrades, Community control of software
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655:
625:
Decentralized
Governance Decisions, Voting, Staking, Secure the Network,
579:
525:
496:
405:
315:
239:
223:
1420:"SEC Charges Bitcoin Entrepreneur With Offering Unregistered Securities"
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flight to space and funding research to accelerate lunar settlement.
280:. This approach eliminates the need to involve a mutually acceptable
269:
1947:
1530:"Automated company raises equivalent of $ 120M in digital currency"
424:, which they then used to drain the DAO of all its cryptocurrency.
2875:
2813:
2797:
2757:
2742:
2697:
2413:
2238:
2106:
1611:"Democratic DAO Suffers Coup, New Leader Steals Everything - VICE"
1065:"A Venture Fund with Plenty of Virtual Capital, but No Capitalist"
416:
1713:"Overnight Crypto Sensation Sets Out to Undo Internet's Failings"
2130:
2052:
1732:"NFT of Silk Road founder's art sells for more than $ 6 million"
286:
218:
A well-known example, intended for venture capital funding, was
151:
116:
1951:
1568:"Hacker May Have Taken $ 50 Million From Cybercurrency Project"
1371:"Decentralized Autonomous Organizations Find a Home in Wyoming"
1043:
2818:
2782:
2388:
1549:"Paper Points Up Flaws in Venture Fund Based on Virtual Money"
1655:"They Love Crypto. They're Trying to Buy the Constitution"
1325:"Task management in decentralized autonomous organization"
1048:: Social Science Research Network (SSRN). 5 December 2017.
1395:"Wyoming becomes first US state to legally recognise DAO"
1243:"The Humans Who Dream of Companies That Won't Need Us"
360:
blockchain based companies have been regarded by the
1511:"Chiefless Company Rakes in More Than $ 100 Million"
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2095:
2061:
1985:
993:
991:
989:
987:
882:Hassan, Samer; De Filippi, Primavera (2021-04-20).
293:. In theory, a blockchain approach allows multiple
1285:. Amherst, Massachusetts, USA. pp. 160–176].
1496:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
1435:
1433:
1442:"Blockchain Company Wants to Reinvent Companies"
1058:
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1054:
967:
965:
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933:
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929:
927:
1963:
1228:Perspectives in Business Informatics Research
1202:
1200:
172:
8:
1046:Regulation of Financial Institutions Journal
811:List of highest-funded crowdfunding projects
652:stablecoin maintainer and regulator, lender
1082:Barbereau, Tom; Bodó, Balázs (2023-07-01).
3019:
2803:
2102:
1970:
1956:
1948:
1827:"Space Business: MoonDAO's Golden Tickets"
1308:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
446:
265:on top of an existing blockchain network.
179:
165:
49:
1180:
1099:
899:
222:, which amassed 3.6 million ether (ETH)—
884:"Decentralized Autonomous Organization"
869:
834:
375:In June 2022, the venture capital firm
362:U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
355:Legal status, liability, and regulation
77:
61:
27:Type of organization run via blockchain
1301:
1264:"Vapor No More: Ethereum Has Launched"
940:Vigna, P.; Casey, M. J. (2015-01-27).
2937:Decentralized autonomous organization
1942:Decentralized autonomous organization
1424:US Securities and Exchange Commission
1158:
1156:
1154:
1152:
847:decentralised autonomous organisation
756:(DEX), Automated Market Making (AMM)
193:decentralized autonomous organization
7:
3007:
1022:. Birmingham, UK: Packt. p. 9.
877:
875:
873:
201:decentralized autonomous corporation
855:distributed autonomous organization
519:Purchasing an original copy of the
1088:Computer Law & Security Review
601:Revolutionary Venture Capita Fund
364:as illegal offers of unregistered
25:
18:Distributed autonomous corporation
2947:Distributed ledger technology law
974:"Bitcoin moves beyond mere money"
521:Constitution of the United States
297:users to enter a loosely coupled
3018:
3006:
2995:
2994:
1935:
1329:Journal of Operations Management
851:decentralized autonomous company
399:", set a record for the largest
107:Dutch childcare benefits scandal
69:
1711:Matthew, Leising (2021-05-11).
1444:. Bloomberg View: Wall Street.
43:Autonomous peripheral operation
39:Autonomous decentralized system
1940:Learning materials related to
1241:Pangburn, D. J. (2015-06-19).
1016:Prusty, Narayan (2017-04-27).
740:Defunct late 2016 due to hack
1:
1730:Collier, Kevin (2021-12-10).
1182:10.1016/j.techsoc.2023.102251
122:Ofqual exam results algorithm
3052:Applications of cryptography
1900:Finley, Klint (2016-06-18).
1875:Leight, Elias (2021-10-20).
1019:Building Blockchain Projects
857:, etc., have also been used.
3047:Application layer protocols
2008:Cryptographic hash function
1686:Fox, Matthew (2022-01-19).
1653:Roose, Kevin (2021-11-17).
702:Once Upon a Time in Shaolin
486:, to fund legal defense of
3113:
1101:10.1016/j.clsr.2023.105829
674:Purchasing two seats on a
431:
395:In 2016, a specific DAO, "
112:IT-backed authoritarianism
36:
29:
2990:
2967:Initial exchange offering
2942:Decentralized application
2922:Cryptocurrency in Nigeria
1756:Mak, Aaron (2022-01-25).
1566:Popper, N. (2016-06-17).
1547:Popper, N. (2016-05-27).
1528:Waters, R. (2016-05-17).
1440:Levine, M. (2016-05-17).
1131:Price, Rob (2016-06-17).
1063:Popper, N. (2016-05-21).
972:Hodson, H. (2013-11-20).
845:, it may also be spelled
806:Incentive-centered design
791:Decentralized application
408:blockchain was forked to
3077:Distributed data storage
2972:List of cryptocurrencies
2859:Crypto service companies
2650:Cryptocurrency exchanges
1585:Price, R. (2016-06-17).
1509:Vigna, P. (2016-05-16).
1262:Evans, J. (2015-08-01).
37:Not to be confused with
3097:Government by algorithm
1484:Peck, M. (2016-05-28).
796:Decentralized computing
574:criminal justice reform
415:DAOs can be subject to
412:the original contract.
276:and dissemination of a
3087:Peer-to-peer computing
2907:Complementary currency
2013:Decentralized exchange
1998:Cryptocurrency tumbler
1642:. Reuters. 2022-02-09.
944:. St. Martin's Press.
888:Internet Policy Review
754:Decentralized exchange
576:advocacy organization
199:), sometimes called a
32:The DAO (organization)
3072:Distributed computing
2962:Initial coin offering
2917:Cryptocurrency bubble
2448:Basic Attention Token
2018:Decentralized finance
2003:Cryptocurrency wallet
1169:Technology in Society
801:Distributed computing
786:Decentralized Finance
349:decentralized finance
328:cryptocurrency wallet
3092:Production economics
2957:Environmental impact
2927:Cryptocurrency scams
901:10.14763/2021.2.1556
650:Dai (cryptocurrency)
482:, an NFT artwork by
438:adding missing items
428:List of notable DAOs
278:distributed database
274:trusted timestamping
3067:Computer networking
2612:Inactive currencies
1515:Wall Street Journal
822:The Social Contract
448:
377:Andreessen Horowitz
370:general partnership
282:trusted third party
137:Predictive policing
2072:Proof of authority
2043:Non-fungible token
2023:Distributed ledger
1659:The New York Times
1553:The New York Times
540:Internet Computer
447:
3082:Network protocols
3034:
3033:
2854:
2853:
2333:
2332:
2033:Lightning Network
1801:Ehrlich, Steven.
1399:finance.yahoo.com
1341:10.1002/joom.1179
1292:978-1-937146-58-0
772:
771:
629:Klever Blockchain
550:Internet Computer
422:Build Finance DAO
189:
188:
16:(Redirected from
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3021:
3010:
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2982:Virtual currency
2932:Digital currency
2912:Crypto-anarchism
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2557:HBAR (Hashgraph)
2540:Other currencies
2176:Ethereum Classic
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1979:Cryptocurrencies
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1335:(6–7): 649–674.
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951:978-1-25006563-6
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727:Venture capital
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449:
442:reliable sources
244:Ethereum Classic
229:
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87:AI in government
73:
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21:
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2952:Double-spending
2902:Blockchain game
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1534:Financial Times
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312:Turing-complete
308:Vitalik Buterin
304:collaboration.
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2097:Proof of work
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2087:Proof of work
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1426:. 2014-06-03.
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1005:. 2016-05-21.
1004:
1003:The Economist
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841:Depending on
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585:December 2021
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570:Ross Ulbricht
568:Clemency for
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381:United States
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51:
48:
44:
40:
33:
19:
3062:Computer law
3023:
3011:
2999:
2936:
2876:Initiative Q
2234:Bitcoin Gold
2126:Counterparty
2121:Bitcoin Cash
1917:. Retrieved
1905:
1895:
1884:. Retrieved
1880:
1870:
1859:. Retrieved
1855:
1846:
1835:. Retrieved
1833:. 2022-08-04
1830:
1821:
1810:. Retrieved
1806:
1796:
1787:
1777:
1766:. Retrieved
1761:
1751:
1740:. Retrieved
1735:
1725:
1716:
1706:
1695:. Retrieved
1691:
1681:
1670:. Retrieved
1658:
1648:
1640:The Guardian
1639:
1630:
1619:. Retrieved
1617:. 2022-02-15
1615:www.vice.com
1614:
1605:
1594:. Retrieved
1590:
1580:
1571:
1561:
1552:
1542:
1533:
1523:
1514:
1504:
1489:
1479:
1468:. Retrieved
1456:
1445:
1414:
1403:. Retrieved
1401:. 2021-07-07
1398:
1389:
1378:. Retrieved
1374:
1365:
1332:
1328:
1318:
1296:
1282:
1276:
1267:
1257:
1246:
1236:
1227:
1221:
1172:
1168:
1140:. Retrieved
1136:
1126:
1091:
1087:
1077:
1068:
1045:
1038:
1018:
1011:
1002:
977:
941:
891:
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850:
849:. The terms
846:
837:
820:
768:Operational
714:Operational
689:Operational
663:Operational
636:Operational
612:Operational
589:Operational
562:FreeRossDAO
557:Operational
504:Operational
479:
434:dynamic list
414:
401:crowdfunding
394:
390:
374:
358:
345:
342:
325:
306:
299:peer-to-peer
267:
256:
248:
217:
209:organization
204:
200:
196:
192:
190:
101:
47:
3057:Blockchains
2977:Token money
2866:Hyperledger
2738:EDX Markets
2602:WhopperCoin
2498:Stablecoins
1248:FastCompany
781:Cooperative
762:& Celo
711:April 2021
676:Blue Origin
633:March 2022
472:AssangeDAO
3041:Categories
2897:BitLicense
2841:QuadrigaCX
2824:bankruptcy
2788:ShapeShift
2733:Crypto.com
2620:BitConnect
2572:MobileCoin
2341:currencies
2200:Bitconnect
2195:Auroracoin
2099:currencies
2065:mechanisms
1993:Blockchain
1986:Technology
1919:2019-11-16
1886:2022-11-09
1861:2024-03-21
1837:2024-03-21
1812:2022-07-20
1768:2022-05-10
1742:2022-05-10
1738:. NBC News
1697:2022-01-28
1672:2021-11-17
1621:2022-02-16
1596:2016-06-17
1470:2022-06-13
1405:2021-07-09
1380:2021-07-09
1268:TechCrunch
1175:: 102251.
1142:2016-06-17
1094:: 105829.
865:References
736:April 2016
694:PleasrDAO
490:' founder
478:Purchased
458:Use cases
432:This is a
366:securities
322:Governance
314:platform.
253:Background
213:blockchain
147:Smart city
2728:Coincheck
2630:KodakCoin
2478:Shiba Inu
2463:KodakCoin
2453:Chainlink
2379:Injective
2353:Avalanche
2315:Primecoin
2063:Consensus
1914:1059-1028
1762:slate.com
1717:Bloomberg
1667:0362-4331
1357:248309790
1349:0272-6963
1304:cite book
1191:258245920
1118:258733922
1110:0267-3649
918:235559086
910:2197-6775
643:MakerDAO
596:Dash DAO
554:May 2021
488:WikiLeaks
236:hard fork
207:), is an
63:Algocracy
3001:Category
2723:Coinbase
2703:Bitstamp
2683:Bitpanda
2673:bitFlyer
2668:Bitfinex
2592:SafeMoon
2552:Filecoin
2531:USD Coin
2399:Polkadot
2394:Peercoin
2374:Gridcoin
2368:Ethereum
2348:Algorand
2325:Vertcoin
2295:AmbaCoin
2225:Equihash
2215:Litecoin
2210:Dogecoin
2170:Ethereum
2146:Peercoin
2141:Namecoin
2136:MazaCoin
2038:MetaMask
1375:JD Supra
775:See also
760:Ethereum
731:Ethereum
707:Ethereum
682:Ethereum
668:MoonDAO
656:Ethereum
580:Ethereum
533:Defunct
526:Ethereum
497:Ethereum
475:JUSTICE
461:Network
410:bail out
406:Ethereum
387:Security
316:Ethereum
240:Ethereum
224:Ethereum
97:Cybersyn
78:Examples
55:a series
53:Part of
3013:Commons
2892:Airdrop
2871:IQ.Wiki
2836:Mt. Gox
2807:Defunct
2793:Uniswap
2753:Genesis
2688:Bithumb
2663:Binance
2635:OneCoin
2597:Stellar
2483:The DAO
2473:Polygon
2443:Aventus
2358:Cardano
2151:Titcoin
2116:Bitcoin
2107:SHA-256
1764:. Slate
1213:2580664
746:Uniswap
720:The DAO
671:MOONEY
619:Klever
516:PEOPLE
467:Status
464:Launch
397:The DAO
259:Bitcoin
238:of the
220:The DAO
2846:Thodex
2773:Kucoin
2768:Kraken
2748:Gemini
2718:Circle
2693:BitMEX
2678:Bitkub
2625:Coinye
2587:Ripple
2562:Helium
2526:Tether
2431:tokens
2429:ERC-20
2404:Solana
2363:EOS.IO
2267:-based
2255:Monero
2227:-based
2205:Coinye
2188:-based
2186:Scrypt
2163:-based
2161:Ethash
2109:-based
1912:
1831:Quartz
1807:Forbes
1665:
1355:
1347:
1289:
1211:
1189:
1116:
1108:
1026:
948:
916:
908:
697:PEEPS
455:Token
339:Social
334:Issues
291:titles
270:ledger
92:COMPAS
2814:BTC-e
2798:Upbit
2758:Huobi
2743:eToro
2698:Bitso
2640:Petro
2521:Terra
2468:Minds
2438:Augur
2414:Tezos
2409:Steem
2370:(2.0)
2320:Verge
2288:Other
2279:Petro
2239:Zcash
2172:(1.0)
1906:Wired
1465:(PDF)
1353:S2CID
1187:S2CID
1114:S2CID
914:S2CID
894:(2).
829:Notes
565:FREE
480:Clock
452:Name
440:with
417:coups
287:deeds
3025:List
2778:Kuna
2708:BTCC
2658:Abra
2577:Nano
2567:Luna
2547:Chia
2511:Diem
2488:TRON
2305:IOTA
2300:Firo
2274:Dash
2131:LBRY
2053:Web3
2028:Fork
1910:ISSN
1856:CNET
1663:ISSN
1345:ISSN
1310:link
1287:ISBN
1209:SSRN
1106:ISSN
1024:ISBN
946:ISBN
906:ISSN
750:UNI
724:DAO
646:MKR
622:KFI
605:Dash
543:ICP
289:and
152:SyRI
132:PMPs
117:OGAS
2819:FTX
2783:OKX
2713:BUX
2582:NEO
2516:Pax
2506:Dai
2458:Kin
2419:TON
2389:Nxt
2384:Kin
2265:X11
1337:doi
1177:doi
1096:doi
896:doi
484:Pak
230:in
205:DAC
197:DAO
127:OIA
102:DAO
41:or
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